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Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
Number of Followers: 5

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1110-5437 - ISSN (Online) 2682-3217
Published by Mansoura University

[3 journals]

Prognostic value of blood lactate and C-reactive protein levels in acute
Phosphides poisoned patients admitted to Menoufia University Poison
control Center
- Abstract: Metal phosphides as a whole and aluminum phosphide (AlP) in particular, are potent pesticides. Although phosphides are highly toxic and had a high mortality, it cannot be discarded due to their wide-spectrum applications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of blood lactate and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in acute phosphide poisoned patients admitted to Menoufia University Poison Control Center. This was an analytical cross-sectional study done on cases of acute phosphide poisoning admitted to Menoufia Poison Control Center (MPCC) from the 1st of August 2022 to 31 December 2022 which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patient's data were collected in clinical sheets after taking written consent from patients or their guardians.  Only moderately and severely poisoned patients were included in the study according to Poison Severity Score. History, clinical examination, and Echocardiography were performed. Blood samples were taken for routine laboratory investigations and measuring blood lactate and CRP levels. A total of 57 patients (26 males and 31 females) were included in the present study. In all cases, the manner of poisoning was suicide. The age in non survivors (85.9%) ranged between 14-63 years while in survivors (14.1%) was 17-39 years.  Increase tablet number, low pH, low PO₂, high respiratory rate, low temperature, low diastolic blood pressure, high pulse rate, low ejection fraction, low potassium level, high CRP and blood lactate levels were significant predictors for phosphide poisoning mortality.  Aluminum phosphide is highly toxic with a high mortality rate. CRP and blood lactate levels can be used as predictors for mortality.
A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FORAMEN MAGNUM PARAMETERS FOR AGE
DETERMINATION IN A SAMPLE OF EGYPTIANS
- Abstract: Age determination is an essential step in the identification of human bony remains. Foramen magnum is a valuable landmark in the base of the skull and is of significant interest to forensic medicine, anthropology and anatomy. The aim of the study was to determine the age (among different age groups) from the foramen magnum using three-dimensional computed tomography. The present study is performed on 120 Egyptians from different age groups (from 1 year up to 65 years). The length of the foramen magnum (LFM) and the width of the foramen magnum (WFM) were measured on the 3D CT models. Then, foramen magnum index (FMI) and foramen magnum area (FMA) were calculated. The different age groups (1 – 9, 10 – 19, 20 – 29, 30 -39, 40 – 49,50 – 59 and 60+ years) show the mean LFM was 26.90, 35.75, 34.66, 34.42, 33.88, 33.27 and 32.50 mm respectively. Mean WFM was 20.90, 25.67, 29.47, 28.75, 28.47, 27.53 and 28.0 mm respectively. Mean FMI was 1.29, 1.39, 1.18, 1.20, 1.20, 1.21 and 1.16 mm respectively. Mean FMA was 444.2, 721.7, 804.3, 783.0, 759.3, 720.8 and 718.1 mm respectively. These values reveal that there is a significant difference between the four studied parameters and different age groups. This study elucidated that LFM decrease and WFM increase with aging. Subsequently, FMI tends to decrease with age. There was a weak positive correlation between age and LFM, WFM and FMA and there was a negative correlation between age and FMI.
Ameliorative effect of Silybum marianum extract "Milk thistle" against
Lithium-induced cardiac toxicity in adult male albino rats.
- Abstract: : Lithium carbonate is the first line of treatment for bipolar disorder. With its narrow therapeutic index and prolonged therapeutic doses, it causes multiple toxic effects. Cardiotoxicity is one of the serious toxicities induced by lithium treatment. Silybum marianum; an Asteraceae plant; with Silymarin as its major active constituent, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. To assess the ameliorative effect of Silybum marianum extract “Milk thistle” on the histopathological changes of the cardiac muscle caused by lithium in adult male albino rats, using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Twenty-Four adult male albino rats were equally randomized into 4 groups and received all treatments by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Group I (control) received distilled water. Group II received Silybum marianum extract (200 mg/kg/day). Group III received Lithium carbonate (50 mg/Kg). Group IV, Lithium carbonate concomitant with Silybum marianum extract was given. All animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks by decapitation. Prepared sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin stain, Mallory’s trichrome stain, iron hematoxylin, and KI-67 immunohistochemistry. lithium-induced widely disorganized and separated cardiac muscle fibers with pyknotic nuclei, without visible striations, increased collagen deposition and showed negative Ki-67 nuclear immune reaction. The use of Silybum marianum extract “Milk thistle” reversed cardiac muscle fibers alterations, decreased collagen amount, and restored Ki-67 nuclear immune reaction. Silybum marianum extract “Milk thistle” protects against lithium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
The exposome: A new paradigm in public health research
- Abstract: Exposome is a new concept in area of environmental studies. Most health and disease conditions are complex, to embrace the complexity of human exposures across time and how this can be reflected in their health, exposome has been suggested as a novel tool. Exposome involves the totality of external exposure in terms of pollution, psychological stressors, diet, lifestyle, noise, conflicts,... in brief, everything across life and linking that to internal responses in term of biological changes on genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics level and how this can lead to disease development or support healthy outcomes.Although the term of “exposome” could entail the study of the environment in the form of external environmental pollutants, this is not true. In fact, the exposome approach is a new understanding of how the environment can interact with body’s biological processes. So, rather than studying individual or various external agents and their impact on health outcomes, in the exposome we correlate these diverse external exposures to several changes on molecular levels. That is to say that in exposome, we have two major internal components to be studied alongside the totality of exposures, namely internal dose and internal response
A Comprehensive Review on Bisphenol A (BPA) Toxicity Updates: Controversy
Is Not Over Yet
- Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used industrial chemical in plastics production. It is present in different types of plastics as polycarbonate and epoxy resin. Plastics that contain BPA are used for various purposes as food containers, medical equipment, and toys. So, BPA exposure is almost universal among humans. Food and water have been recognized as significant BPA exposure sources. Other sources include waste smoke, thermal paper, and dental materials. Since it was created, concerns regarding BPA safety and health hazards have been raised. Research over a decade showed multiple health hazards of BPA in humans. Bisphenol A is known to be a hormonal disruptor interfering with regular hormonal activity in the body. In addition, it has a cytotoxic effect by increasing free radicals. BPA is linked to many diseases affecting the reproductive, endocrine, nervous, and immune systems and different types of cancer. The FDA and other health-related institutions have regulated the use of BPA plastics. However, a debate is unsolved as regards the safe dose of BPA for daily human exposure. This article explores the toxic aspects of BPA and discusses the different regulations relating to BPA use.