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LARHYSS Journal
Number of Followers: 1  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 1112-3680 This journal is no longer being updated because: the publisher no longer provides RSS feeds |
- SUITABILITY OF HYPERELASTIC MATERIAL MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Authors: D. HOODA, A. GOEL, B. SETIA
Abstract: Pipelines have been increasingly used as an efficient and economic means for the transportation of large quantities of resources such as water, fuel and gases. While there are various modes of transporting resources, pipeline systems happen to be among the safest. In the present study, the integrity of different components of the distribution network is checked for the sustainability of its designated pressure. The rubber gasket used as a sealing element in the distribution system is made from ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and is tested to determine its stress‒strain behavior, which is further analyzed in finite element analysis. From the study, it is concluded that the Mooney-Rivlin nine-parameter model is best suited for EPDM, and full analysis of the joint shows that it can sustain the designated pressure without failure. In this way, a new class of pipe can be designed without an experimental setup, which is very costly and requires considerable space. This will revolutionize the distribution field and save the surrounding environment affected by leakage and failure.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- DESIGN OF HORSESHOE-SHAPED TUNNELS USING THE ROUGH MODEL METHOD (RMM)
Authors: R. ZEGAIT, B. ACHOUR
Abstract: The uniform flow in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel is often encountered in many practical cases. This pipe can be used for water drainage in sewerage and construction. For the purpose of designing this type of channel with the presumption of uniform flow, it is necessary to refer to Chezy and Manning relationships. In general, Chezy's and Manning's coefficients are given as data of the problem and are mostly considered constants regardless of the normal flow depth. This is an approximation of the fact that the flow resistance should vary with depth or hydraulic radius. In this study, the pipe is designed with a variable flow resistance coefficient, depending on the fill rate of the pipe. The Chezy coefficient is no longer data of the problem but a variable to be determined. The determination of Chezy's coefficient is made possible by the rough model method (RMM). The proposed sizing method is valid in the entire turbulent flow domain, encompassing smooth, transitional, and rough turbulent flow regimes in a wide practical range.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- DETECTION OF WATER LEAKS IN THE OUIZERT DAMBY THE TEMPERATURE METHOD
Authors: H. BENFETTA, B. ACHOUR, B. REMINI, A. OUADJA
Abstract: Internal erosion caused by infiltration poses a significant risk to the stability of hydraulic structures. This form of erosion is all the more dangerous because it can cause – without any obvious warning signs – a destruction of the structure when the reservoir is full.Seepage areas in dikes are often subject to erosion processes. For this purpose, it is necessary to detect and delineate infiltration zones from their first stage of development. Continuous inspection and monitoring using reliable and sensitive methods for leak detection are therefore of utmost importance.The method is easy to use, and long sections of dikes can be quickly and inexpensively tested. The temperature of the containment fluid playsthe role of a natural tracer. Infiltration of the containment fluid through the dike, causing temperature anomalies in its material, can be detected and localized fromsoil temperature measurements. This is particularly the case for the Ouizert dam, which is located in arid areas where water resources are becoming increasingly scarce. This dam, located approximately 35 km southwest of the city of Mascara (western Algeria), is known for its considerable water losses. With a capacity of approximately 100 million m3, the Ouizert dam is intended to increase the degree of regulation of the Oued El Hammam to supply water to the town of Oran and the industrial complex of Arzew, ensure irrigation of the El Habra perimeter north of Mohammadia and finally supply the Bouhanifia dam with discharges. However, this dam, which has never reached its maximum level, is threatened by water leaks through one of its shores and whose importance is clearly changing over time. Water leakage was estimated at 1 m3/s, which corresponds to a considerable volume of water lost. In this article, we present an observation of the problem of leaks through the dam of Ouizert as well as the results of a study of leak detection by the temperature method.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- THE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE VILLAGE OF MENADES IN ALGERIA BETWEEN
PAST AND PRESENT
Authors: M.A. KEZZAR, A. SOUAR
Abstract: Given the importance of water in human life, most communities have developed specific systems to exploit water resources in various aspects of life. From region to region, settlement to settlement, a set of determinant factors have contributed to these systems' creation and development. In this research, we have tried to highlight the particularities of the traditional water management system in the case of the village of Menades. We also tried to identify the transformations (technical, economic and social, etc.) and the development process that have influenced this system over the last forty years to become what it is today. By addressing these aspects, we attempted to identify the current difficulties of water management in the village and their possible solutions. The methodological tools used were observation, interviews, Google Earth Pro software, and microbiological analysis of the water. The results of the research indicate that the system has evolved as a result of a number of exogenous and endogenous factors. This evolution presents some positive aspects, but also a number of challenges and problems to which the various stakeholders need to work together to find appropriate solutions.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- ANALYSIS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING EPANET: A CASE STUDY OF
VARIAV HEADWORK SURAT-INDIA
Authors: D. MEHTA, K. PRAJAPATI, S. VERMA, V. KUMAR
Abstract: Water distribution is a critical system that involves engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components to provide water supply to a continuously growing population. Ensuring a sufficient and uniform water supply through a well-designed network is essential to meet the increasing water demand. The present study focuses on analyzing the water demand of the public water supply to facilitate effective planning, development, and operation of water supply and distribution networks. The main objective of the study is to analyze the existing water distribution network at Variyav Headwork using the Environmental Protection Agency Network Evaluation Tool (EPANET). To conduct this analysis, various data points are needed, such as the population of the area, water demand, distribution network layout, and water tank information. Additionally, details regarding the length, nodes, and diameter of the pipes are essential for the analysis. These data are input into the EPANET software to perform analyses related to pressure, head loss, and elevation. The results of the analysis provide valuable information on pressure and elevation at different nodes and head loss along various pipes in the network. By comparing the results obtained from the EPANET with actual data, the study aims to achieve an improved water distribution network at Variyav Headwork. Therefore, in the overall conclusion, the modeled result outperforms the actual data in terms of flow and velocity, where the coefficient of determination (R2)is 0.924 and 0.986, and the correlation coefficient (CC) is 0.855 and 0.973, respectively. In contrast, the modeled head loss is significantly different with respect to the actual data output; R2 is 0.219, and CC is 0.048. Therefore, we can say that the model satisfactorily simulated the flow and velocity and significantly reduced the head loss to 66.46 %. Hence, the insights gained from the analysis will aid in making informed decisions for enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the water supply system.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AT ROYAL BELUM STATE PARK, PERAK, MALAYSIA
Authors: N.D. MOHAMAD, N.S. ABDUL HAMID, R.R. RAMLI, N. AHMAD KAMAL, A.A. ABDUL ADIS, A. AMIR
Abstract: This study demonstrated water quality study at the Royal Belum State Park, Perak. The Royal Belum State Park is one the major reservoir for water resource in Perak and under National Heritage Site UNESCO. The lake is surrounded by the reserved forest and rich with flora and fauna. The Royal Belum State Park is considered as one of the oldest, protected, undisturbed and pristine land mass in Peninsular Malaysia of more that 130 million years old. This lake provides biodiversity education, research, and ecotourism to the public. One of the major attractions is the houseboat. There are more than ten (10) houseboats operated every day due to the high demand from the local and international tourists. Due to this activity, water quality of the lake has been deteriorated and required short and long-term mitigation measures. Water quality study (ex-situ and in-situ measurements) was conducted at selected six (6) sampling locations (e.g., Royal Belum registration point, Sungai Tiang, Kg. Orang Asli, houseboat docking area, Kem Sg. Tiang and houseboat parking area). The water quality index (WQI) measurement of all sampling points is in the range of 60-80, indicating that the WQI value is under class II and III. The WQI values are significantly deteriorated by the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The water quality at Kg.Orang Asli, Sg. Tiang and houseboat parking area slightly deteriorated compared to other sampling points. This is probably due the leakage of petrol from the houseboat, stagnant water at certain area of the lake (e.g., Kem. Sg. Tiang), discharge of wastewater and sullage water from the houseboat and unknown non-point source nearby the lake. Therefore, the Perak State Government, State Parks Corporation, and other relevant authority (e.g., NGOs) should play an important role to preserve and sustain the water quality at the Royal Belum State Park, Perak because this lake is one of significant source of clean water supply in Perak.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE AND DISCHARGE
THROUGH MODIFIED GATE VALVE
Authors: S.L. BHILARE, G.A. HINGE, M.A. KUMBHALKAR
Abstract: The rate of discharge in pipelines can be controlled using a gate valve. A wheel located at the top of a stem that features a round disc (called the gate) at its top can turn the gate. Each time the wheel rotates, a distinct linear disc movement is produced, which modifies the flow region. An experiment is presented in this paper that details the transition of the gate valve from a device that controls flow to one that measures flow. The experiment is conducted on a regular gate valve as well as a gate valve that has a rubber sleeve. The CFD analysis of a standard gate valve and one that has been altered is explained, and the results of the experimental investigation are utilised to support the findings of the CFD study. The experimental investigation demonstrated that the modified gate valve has the ability to function as a flow metre by incorporating a piezometer at both ends of the valve for the purpose of pressure monitoring. The findings that were obtained point to a substantial advance in the correlation that exists between disc orientation (angle) and discharge. With the help of computational fluid dynamics software, the flow through a gate valve with and without a rubber sleeve was analysed. The results of the CFD tests conducted without the rubber sleeve demonstrate that the flow rate variations are, in large part, the result of the establishment of variable separation zones on each side of the gate. In this study, the disagreement between the experimental data and the CFD findings has been analyzed, and a solution to the problem is suggested.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- ORIGIN OF THE ALLUVIAL AQUIFER’S GROUNDWATER IN WADI BISKRA
(ALGERIA)
Authors: F. LATER, A.S. LABADI
Abstract: The alluvial aquifer of wadi Biskra is located just upstream of Biskra city (city of the Algerian Sahara). This aquifer has an area of 5km² and an average thickness of 20m; the volume of alluvium deduced from geophysics being 100 hm3. The porosity calculations carried out using the curves of the groundwater piezometers yielded an average value of f = 30% for an alluvium volume of 100 hm3 and a stored volume of exploitable water of approximately 30 million m3Currently 14 boreholes with an average depth of 40m capture water from this aquifer and the exploited flow rates are in total of 1409 m3/h. The flood’s surface water of the wadi (four to five floods per year) and the low rainfall average (125 mm/ year) cannot explain the non-drying up of the alluvial aquifer.The use of several approaches; hydrogeological (by hour-by-hour monitoring of the variation in the piezometric level), hydrochemical (analysis of groundwater and hour-by-hour monitoring of the variation in groundwater and air temperature), hydrological (study of the variation relationship piezometric levels depending on precipitation in the watershed) and structural (analysis of fracturing) highlighted the existence of a third source of supply; this is deep mesothermal water which rises towards the water table and brings to the aquifer a quantity greater than that supplied by flood waters. The presence of this water source explains why the water table does not dry up during the long dry summers and periods of drought.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- A NEW VISION OF THE CRITICAL FLOW IN A PARABOLIC CHANNEL (PART 1)
Authors: S. SEHTAL, B. ACHOUR
Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the behavior of critical flow in a parabolic channel as a function of all the parameters that influence the flow, such as the slope of the channel S0, the absolute roughness and the kinematic viscosity. To do this, we applied two rational relations, namely, the relationship of the critical flow condition and the general formula of the discharge. The combination of these two relations results in an implicit relation consisting of five dimensionless terms that are the dimensionless critical depth , where yc is the critical depth and B is the linear dimension of the channel, the dimensionless normal depth , where is the normal depth, the relative roughness , the longitudinal slope S0, and the modified Reynolds number. This implicit relationship was applied to a parabolic channel with a linear dimension B = 1 m in the whole domain of turbulent flow. The detailed study of the rational equations governing the critical and normal flows leads to intriguing results in addition to the establishment of other fundamental relations and significant graphs.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- LAX-FRIEDRICHS NUMERICAL SCHEME FOR SIMULATING THE FAILURE WAVE OF A DAM
IN THE PRESENCE OF OBSTACLES
Authors: T. IKNI, A. BERREKSI, L. TOUAZI, M. BELHOCINE
Abstract: Numerical methods are very useful for predicting water levels, velocities and flow rates in hydraulic systems. The Saint-Venant system of equations, which is a hyperbolic partial differential system, is widely used in the modelling of a flood wave due to a dam failure. In this study, two explicit finite difference Lax-Friedrichs and modified Lax-Friedrichs numerical schemes are used to simulate the failure wave of a dam. The calibration of the obtained results is done in relation to experimental measurements and numerical results existing in the literature specialized in this field of research. The experimental set-up consists of a water reservoir that simulates the reservoir of a dam, followed downstream by a horizontal dry bottom section, a triangular bottom sill with steep slopes and a small tide of water at rest after the triangular obstacle which ends with a vertical diaphragm. The simulation obtained results with the new formulation of the Lax-Friedrichs numerical scheme showed good agreement with the simulated, experimental and numerical results of other researchers.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELING USING THE HEC-HMS MODEL FOR THE MEKERRA WADI
WATERSHED (N-W ALGERIA)
Authors: M. ATALLAH, F. DJELLOULI, A. HAZZEB
Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the rainfall-runoff relationship in the Wadi Mekerra watershed located in northwest Algeria, in order to propose effective solutions for flood protection. The methodology is based on the processing of meteorological and physical data in the geographical environment and on the extraction of data using remote sensing techniques (Landsat satellite imagery) and GIS. Using this database, we were able to develop a hydrological flood model for Mekerra watershed using the hydrological modeling software HEC-HMS. In this study the frequency storm was used for the meteorological model, the SCS curve numbers was used to determine the hydrological losses of the study area and the SCS unit hydrograph method have been applied to simulate the runoff rate. After calibration and validation, the simulated peak discharges were very close with observed values. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient was 0.869, indicates that the hydrological modeling results are satisfactory and accepted for simulation of rainfall-runoff.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE VARIATION OF SCOUR DEPTH FOR DIFFERENT PIER
SHAPES USING A TILTING FLUME
Authors: B. DALAL, S. DEB
Abstract: The investigation of scour near bridge piers has substantial importance in guaranteeing the secure and efficient design of the structure. The term "scouring phenomenon" pertains to the process of erosion and elimination of bed particles situated in close proximity to the bridge pier. The objective of this study is to examine the depth of local scour in the vicinity of six different pier forms, specifically circular, rectangular, sharp-nosed, oblong, joukowsky, and chamfered. The aim of this study is to ascertain the most efficient and economically viable design for bridge piers. The experiment encompasses a range of discharges and velocities, specifically ranging from 0.00104 cumecs to 0.00157 cumecs and from 0.22 meters per second to 0.33 meters per second, respectively. The study's results suggest that the presence of a horseshoe vortex contributes to the increased amplitude of scour at the rectangular bridge pier. In contrast, the depth of scour in the vicinity of the pointed nose pier is reduced due to the bifurcation of flow resulting from its streamlined contour. Furthermore, the model is simulated via the HEC-RAS modeling software. The correlation between the depths of scour measured in my experiment and the depth of scour predicted by three different numerical models has been established. The results of this study have the capacity to provide valuable insights for the decision-making process regarding the selection of bridge pier designs. The findings indicate that the sharp nose pier shape exhibits superior performance in terms of both safety and serviceability compared to the other five pier shapes.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
- NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL SUPERCRITICAL FLOWS USING A
PREDICTOR-CORRECTOR FINITE DIFFERENCES SCHEME
Authors: F. MERAH, A. BERREKSI, T. IKNI, S. BENMAMAR, S. HAMCHAOUI, A. BENZERRA, A. BEDJOU
Abstract: The phenomenon treated in the present research work relates to unsteady two-dimensional free-surface flows in a torrential regime. These flows are governed by Saint-Venant equations which are obtained from the depth integration of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, taking into account some assumptions in order to simplify the mathematical model governing the type of flow studied. The determined equations cannot be solved theoretically by known algebraic methods. Several numerical methods have been developed to date to solve partial differential equations. In the present study, we opt for the finite difference method. The discretization of the governing equations is done using a Gabutti Predictor-Corrector scheme. A numerical model is developed in order to determine the flow network in a symmetrical transition zone of a free surface channel. It is recalled that this type of structure is widely used in hydraulics, mainly in spillways chutes. These transitions can be either expansions or contractions. In this case, we propose to analyse the flow of water through a hydraulic structure composed of a gradual expansion. The knowledge of the wave system is very important in order to properly dimension this kind of hydraulic structures. The aim is to calculate the water line along the median axis and the sidewall, then move on to a parametric study in which the influence of varying the Manning's roughness number and the upstream width of the channel expansion on the shape of the water line will be analysed.
PubDate: 2024-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 0 (2024)
