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Science
Journal Prestige (SJR): 14.142  Citation Impact (citeScore): 16 Number of Followers: 4051  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 0036-8075 - ISSN (Online) 1095-9203 Published by AAAS  [7 journals]
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- Changing dynamics of the drug overdose epidemic in the United States from
1979 through 2016- Authors:
Jalal, H; Buchanich, J. M, Roberts, M. S, Balmert, L. C, Zhang, K, Burke, D. S.
Abstract: Better understanding of the dynamics of the current U.S. overdose epidemic may aid in the development of more effective prevention and control strategies. We analyzed records of 599,255 deaths from 1979 through 2016 from the National Vital Statistics System in which accidental drug poisoning was identified as the main cause of death. By examining all available data on accidental poisoning deaths back to 1979 and showing that the overall 38-year curve is exponential, we provide evidence that the current wave of opioid overdose deaths (due to prescription opioids, heroin, and fentanyl) may just be the latest manifestation of a more fundamental longer-term process. The 38+ year smooth exponential curve of total U.S. annual accidental drug poisoning deaths is a composite of multiple distinctive subepidemics of different drugs (primarily prescription opioids, heroin, methadone, synthetic opioids, cocaine, and methamphetamine), each with its own specific demographic and geographic characteristics.
Keywords: Epidemiology, Medicine, Diseases, Online Only
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1184
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Jalal, H; Buchanich, J. M, Roberts, M. S, Balmert, L. C, Zhang, K, Burke, D. S.
- Comment on "U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of
Iberian cave art"- Authors:
Slimak, L; Fietzke, J, Geneste, J.-M, Ontanon, R.
Abstract: Hoffmann et al. (Reports, 23 February 2018, p. 912) report the discovery of parietal art older than 64,800 years and attributed to Neanderthals, at least 25 millennia before the oldest parietal art ever found. Instead, critical evaluation of their geochronological data seems to provide stronger support for an age of 47,000 years, which is much more consistent with the archaeological background in hand.
Keywords: Anthropology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1371
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Slimak, L; Fietzke, J, Geneste, J.-M, Ontanon, R.
- Bacterial antagonism in host-associated microbial communities
- Authors:
Garcia-Bayona, L; Comstock, L. E.
Abstract: Antagonistic interactions are abundant in microbial communities and contribute not only to the composition and relative proportions of their members but also to the longer-term stability of a community. This Review will largely focus on bacterial antagonism mediated by ribosomally synthesized peptides and proteins produced by members of host-associated microbial communities. We discuss recent findings on their diversity, functions, and ecological impacts. These systems play key roles in ecosystem defense, pathogen invasion, spatial segregation, and diversity but also confer indirect gains to the aggressor from products released by killed cells. Investigations into antagonistic bacterial interactions are important for our understanding of how the microbiota establish within hosts, influence health and disease, and offer insights into potential translational applications.
Keywords: Ecology, Microbiology, Online Only
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2456
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Garcia-Bayona, L; Comstock, L. E.
- Erratum for the Report "Precursors of logical reasoning in preverbal human
infants" by N. Cesana-Arlotti, A. Martin, E. Teglas, L. Vorobyova, R.
Cetnarski, L. L. Bonatti- PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4136
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
- The periodic coloration in birds forms through a prepattern of somite
origin- Authors:
Haupaix, N; Curantz, C, Bailleul, R, Beck, S, Robic, A, Manceau, M.
Abstract: The periodic stripes and spots that often adorn animals’ coats have been largely viewed as self-organizing patterns, forming through dynamics such as Turing’s reaction-diffusion within the developing skin. Whether preexisting positional information also contributes to the periodicity and orientation of these patterns has, however, remained unclear. We used natural variation in colored stripes of juvenile galliform birds to show that stripes form in a two-step process. Autonomous signaling from the somite sets stripe position by forming a composite prepattern marked by the expression profile of agouti. Subsequently, agouti regulates stripe width through dose-dependent control of local pigment production. These results reveal that early developmental landmarks can shape periodic patterns upstream of late local dynamics, and thus constrain their evolution.
Keywords: Development, Online Only
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aar4777
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Haupaix, N; Curantz, C, Bailleul, R, Beck, S, Robic, A, Manceau, M.
- A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction
- Authors:
Kaelberer, M. M; Buchanan, K. L, Klein, M. E, Barth, B. B, Montoya, M. M, Shen, X, Bohorquez, D. V.
Abstract: The brain is thought to sense gut stimuli only via the passive release of hormones. This is because no connection has been described between the vagus and the putative gut epithelial sensor cell—the enteroendocrine cell. However, these electrically excitable cells contain several features of epithelial transducers. Using a mouse model, we found that enteroendocrine cells synapse with vagal neurons to transduce gut luminal signals in milliseconds by using glutamate as a neurotransmitter. These synaptically connected enteroendocrine cells are referred to henceforth as neuropod cells. The neuroepithelial circuit they form connects the intestinal lumen to the brainstem in one synapse, opening a physical conduit for the brain to sense gut stimuli with the temporal precision and topographical resolution of a synapse.
Keywords: Neuroscience, Online Only
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat5236
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Kaelberer, M. M; Buchanan, K. L, Klein, M. E, Barth, B. B, Montoya, M. M, Shen, X, Bohorquez, D. V.
- Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells
- Authors:
Rong, Y; Hu, Y, Mei, A, Tan, H, Saidaminov, M. I, Seok, S. I, McGehee, M. D, Sargent, E. H, Han, H.
Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed rapidly rising power conversion efficiencies, together with advances in stability and upscaling. Despite these advances, their limited stability and need to prove upscaling remain crucial hurdles on the path to commercialization. We summarize recent advances toward commercially viable PSCs and discuss challenges that remain. We expound the development of standardized protocols to distinguish intrinsic and extrinsic degradation factors in perovskites. We review accelerated aging tests in both cells and modules and discuss the prediction of lifetimes on the basis of degradation kinetics. Mature photovoltaic solutions, which have demonstrated excellent long-term stability in field applications, offer the perovskite community valuable insights into clearing the hurdles to commercialization.
Keywords: Physics, Applied, Chemistry, Online Only
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8235
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Rong, Y; Hu, Y, Mei, A, Tan, H, Saidaminov, M. I, Seok, S. I, McGehee, M. D, Sargent, E. H, Han, H.
- Cellular checkpoint control using programmable sequential logic
- Authors:
Andrews, L. B; Nielsen, A. A. K, Voigt, C. A.
Abstract: Biological processes that require orderly progression, such as growth and differentiation, proceed via regulatory checkpoints where the cell waits for signals before continuing to the next state. Implementing such control would allow genetic engineers to divide complex tasks into stages. We present genetic circuits that encode sequential logic to instruct Escherichia coli to proceed through a linear or cyclical sequence of states. These are built with 11 set-reset latches, designed with repressor-based NOR gates, which can connect to each other and sensors. The performance of circuits with up to three latches and four sensors, including a gated D latch, closely match predictions made by using nonlinear dynamics. Checkpoint control is demonstrated by switching cells between multiple circuit states in response to external signals over days.
Keywords: Engineering, Molecular Biology, Online Only
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8987
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Andrews, L. B; Nielsen, A. A. K, Voigt, C. A.
- The road ahead for perovskites
- Authors:
Szuromi; P.
Pages: 1213
Keywords: Physics, Applied, Chemistry
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-i
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Szuromi; P.
- Address harassment now
- Authors:
Hamburg, M; Hockfield, S, Chu, S.
Pages: 1167 - 1167
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4171
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Hamburg, M; Hockfield, S, Chu, S.
- News at a glance
- Pages: 1170 - 1171
Keywords: Scientific Community
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1170
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Pages: 1170 - 1171
- Deadly storms break records, damage facilities
- Authors:
Schembri; F.
Pages: 1172 - 1173
Keywords: Ecology, Oceanography
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1172
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Schembri; F.
- Evidence-based medicine group expels internal critic
- Authors:
Enserink; M.
Pages: 1173 - 1174
Keywords: European News, Scientific Community
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1173
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Enserink; M.
- Drug pair shows promise for treating sleep apnea
- Authors:
Wadman; M.
Pages: 1174 - 1175
Keywords: Medicine, Diseases
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1174
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Wadman; M.
- AAAS adopts new policy for ejecting harassers
- Authors:
Wadman; M.
Pages: 1175 - 1175
Keywords: Scientific Community
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1175
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Wadman; M.
- A modular backbone aided the rise of mammals
- Authors:
Pennisi; E.
Pages: 1176 - 1176
Keywords: Evolution, Paleontology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1176
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Pennisi; E.
- Brain scientists dive into deep neural networks
- Authors:
Servick; K.
Pages: 1177 - 1177
Keywords: Engineering, Neuroscience
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1177
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Servick; K.
- Research on research
- Authors:
Enserink; M.
Pages: 1178 - 1179
Keywords: Scientific Community
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1178
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Enserink; M.
- Journals under the microscope
- Authors:
Couzin-Frankel; J.
Pages: 1180 - 1183
Keywords: Scientific Community
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1180
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Couzin-Frankel; J.
- The metawars
- Authors:
de Vrieze; J.
Pages: 1184 - 1188
Keywords: Scientific Community
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1184
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
de Vrieze; J.
- The truth squad
- Authors:
Stokstad; E.
Pages: 1189 - 1191
Keywords: Scientific Community
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1189
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Stokstad; E.
- A recipe for rigor
- Authors:
Kupferschmidt; K.
Pages: 1192 - 1193
Keywords: Scientific Community
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1192
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Kupferschmidt; K.
- Toward a more scientific science
- Authors:
Azoulay, P; Graff-Zivin, J, Uzzi, B, Wang, D, Williams, H, Evans, J. A, Jin, G. Z, Lu, S. F, Jones, B. F, Börner, K, Lakhani, K. R, Boudreau, K. J, Guinan, E. C.
Pages: 1194 - 1197
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2484
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Azoulay, P; Graff-Zivin, J, Uzzi, B, Wang, D, Williams, H, Evans, J. A, Jin, G. Z, Lu, S. F, Jones, B. F, Börner, K, Lakhani, K. R, Boudreau, K. J, Guinan, E. C.
- Chemical clues to the earliest animal fossils
- Authors:
Summons, R. E; Erwin, D. H.
Pages: 1198 - 1199
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau9710
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Summons, R. E; Erwin, D. H.
- Programming cells and tissues
- Authors:
Glass, D. S; Alon, U.
Pages: 1199 - 1200
Keywords: Molecular Biology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2497
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Glass, D. S; Alon, U.
- Fighting chaos with chaos in lasers
- Authors:
Yang; L.
Pages: 1201 - 1201
Keywords: Physics, Applied
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6628
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Yang; L.
- A bird's inner stripes
- Authors:
Prud'homme, B; Gompel, N.
Pages: 1202 - 1203
Keywords: Development
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5103
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Prud'homme, B; Gompel, N.
- A gut feeling
- Authors:
Hoffman, B. U; Lumpkin, E. A.
Pages: 1203 - 1204
Keywords: Neuroscience
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau9973
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Hoffman, B. U; Lumpkin, E. A.
- Bang or whimper'
- Authors:
Middleton; G. D.
Pages: 1204 - 1205
Keywords: Anthropology, Atmospheric Science
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau8834
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Middleton; G. D.
- Animal trafficking, unveiled
- Authors:
Cooney; R.
Pages: 1206 - 1206
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau7946
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Cooney; R.
- Listening to a pandemic
- Authors:
Battles; H. T.
Pages: 1207 - 1207
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav0195
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Battles; H. T.
- Pollution threatens toothed whales
- Authors:
Sonne, C; Jepson, P. D, Desforges, J.-P, Alstrup, A. K. O, Olsen, M. T, Eulaers, I, Hansen, M, Letcher, R. J, McKinney, M. A, Dietz, R.
Pages: 1208 - 1208
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2403
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Sonne, C; Jepson, P. D, Desforges, J.-P, Alstrup, A. K. O, Olsen, M. T, Eulaers, I, Hansen, M, Letcher, R. J, McKinney, M. A, Dietz, R.
- Good governance for migratory species
- Authors:
Aqorau, T; Bell, J, Kittinger, J. N.
Pages: 1208 - 1209
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2051
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Aqorau, T; Bell, J, Kittinger, J. N.
- Science outreach in the Borneo jungle
- Authors:
Warren; D.
Pages: 1209 - 1209
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6367
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Warren; D.
- Using DNA to dissect the ivory trade
- Authors:
Benson; P. J.
Pages: 1211 - 1211
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-a
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Benson; P. J.
- Analyzing the drug abuse epidemic
- Authors:
Jasny; B. R.
Pages: 1211 - 1211
Keywords: Epidemiology, Medicine, Diseases
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-b
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Jasny; B. R.
- A self-optimizing reactor
- Authors:
Yeston; J.
Pages: 1211 - 1211
Keywords: Chemistry, Engineering
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-c
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Yeston; J.
- Stellar oscillations show differential rotation
- Authors:
Smith; K. T.
Pages: 1211 - 1212
Keywords: Astronomy, Physics
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-d
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Smith; K. T.
- Taming laser instabilities
- Authors:
Osborne; I. S.
Pages: 1211 - 1212
Keywords: Physics, Applied
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-e
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Osborne; I. S.
- Early shifts lead to big changes
- Authors:
Vignieri; S.
Pages: 1211 - 1212
Keywords: Evolution, Paleontology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-f
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Vignieri; S.
- Expanding the targeting space of Cas9
- Authors:
Mao; S.
Pages: 1211 - 1212
Keywords: Engineering, Molecular Biology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-g
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Mao; S.
- Once more, with feeling
- Authors:
Kline; R.
Pages: 1211 - 1212
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-h
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Kline; R.
- Interspecies competition shapes communities
- Authors:
Ash; C.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
Keywords: Ecology, Microbiology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-j
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Ash; C.
- How birds change their stripes
- Authors:
Purnell; B. A.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
Keywords: Development
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-k
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Purnell; B. A.
- Building smarter synthetic biological circuits
- Authors:
Ray; L. B.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
Keywords: Engineering, Molecular Biology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-l
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Ray; L. B.
- Dissecting the gut-brain axis
- Authors:
Stern; P.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
Keywords: Neuroscience
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-m
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Stern; P.
- A swift citrusy path to chiral phosphorus
- Authors:
Yeston; J.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
Keywords: Chemistry
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-n
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Yeston; J.
- Counting the state of a qubit
- Authors:
Osborne; I. S.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
Keywords: Physics
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-o
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Osborne; I. S.
- Robust assembly of aromatic molecules
- Authors:
Szuromi; P.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
Keywords: Chemistry
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-p
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Szuromi; P.
- Confirming the identity of early animals
- Authors:
Vignieri; S.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
Keywords: Paleontology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-q
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Vignieri; S.
- Receptor dynamics predict drug effects
- Authors:
Foley; J. F.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-r
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Foley; J. F.
- Getting back to BACEics
- Authors:
Smith; O. M.
Pages: 1211 - 1213
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1211-s
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Smith; O. M.
- Plasticity pow!
- Authors:
Vignieri; S.
Pages: 1212 - 1213
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1212-a
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Vignieri; S.
- Antibiotic screening via membrane disruption
- Authors:
Lavine; M. S.
Pages: 1212 - 1212
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1212-b
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Lavine; M. S.
- A metabolite that reduces kidney injury
- Authors:
Yang; M.
Pages: 1212 - 1213
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1212-c
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Yang; M.
- Cagey coordination
- Authors:
Yeston; J.
Pages: 1212 - 1213
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1212-d
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Yeston; J.
- A tidal tussle between M31 and M33
- Authors:
Smith; K. T.
Pages: 1212 - 1213
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1212-e
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Smith; K. T.
- Anti-CRISPR RNA'
- Authors:
Mao; S.
Pages: 1212 - 1213
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1212-f
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Mao; S.
- Unlucky devils
- Authors:
Scanlon; S. T.
Pages: 1212 - 1213
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1212-g
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Scanlon; S. T.
- Reconfigurable system for automated optimization of diverse chemical
reactions- Authors:
Bedard, A.-C; Adamo, A, Aroh, K. C, Russell, M. G, Bedermann, A. A, Torosian, J, Yue, B, Jensen, K. F, Jamison, T. F.
Pages: 1220 - 1225
Abstract: Chemical synthesis generally requires labor-intensive, sometimes tedious trial-and-error optimization of reaction conditions. Here, we describe a plug-and-play, continuous-flow chemical synthesis system that mitigates this challenge with an integrated combination of hardware, software, and analytics. The system software controls the user-selected reagents and unit operations (reactors and separators), processes reaction analytics (high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, vibrational spectroscopy), and conducts automated optimizations. The capabilities of this system are demonstrated in high-yielding implementations of C-C and C-N cross-coupling, olefination, reductive amination, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), photoredox catalysis, and a multistep sequence. The graphical user interface enables users to initiate optimizations, monitor progress remotely, and analyze results. Subsequent users of an optimized procedure need only download an electronic file, comparable to a smartphone application, to implement the protocol on their own apparatus.
Keywords: Chemistry, Engineering
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat0650
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Bedard, A.-C; Adamo, A, Aroh, K. C, Russell, M. G, Bedermann, A. A, Torosian, J, Yue, B, Jensen, K. F, Jamison, T. F.
- Suppressing spatiotemporal lasing instabilities with wave-chaotic
microcavities- Authors:
Bittner, S; Guazzotti, S, Zeng, Y, Hu, X, Yılmaz, H, Kim, K, Oh, S. S, Wang, Q. J, Hess, O, Cao, H.
Pages: 1225 - 1231
Abstract: Spatiotemporal instabilities are widespread phenomena resulting from complexity and nonlinearity. In broad-area edge-emitting semiconductor lasers, the nonlinear interactions of multiple spatial modes with the active medium can result in filamentation and spatiotemporal chaos. These instabilities degrade the laser performance and are extremely challenging to control. We demonstrate a powerful approach to suppress spatiotemporal instabilities using wave-chaotic or disordered cavities. The interference of many propagating waves with random phases in such cavities disrupts the formation of self-organized structures such as filaments, resulting in stable lasing dynamics. Our method provides a general and robust scheme to prevent the formation and growth of nonlinear instabilities for a large variety of high-power lasers.
Keywords: Physics, Applied
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:40-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9437
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Bittner, S; Guazzotti, S, Zeng, Y, Hu, X, Yılmaz, H, Kim, K, Oh, S. S, Wang, Q. J, Hess, O, Cao, H.
- Asteroseismic detection of latitudinal differential rotation in 13
Sun-like stars- Authors:
Benomar, O; Bazot, M, Nielsen, M. B, Gizon, L, Sekii, T, Takata, M, Hotta, H, Hanasoge, S, Sreenivasan, K. R, Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
Pages: 1231 - 1234
Abstract: The differentially rotating outer layers of stars are thought to play a role in driving their magnetic activity, but the underlying mechanisms that generate and sustain differential rotation are poorly understood. We report the measurement using asteroseismology of latitudinal differential rotation in the convection zones of 40 Sun-like stars. For the most significant detections, the stars’ equators rotate approximately twice as fast as their midlatitudes. The latitudinal shear inferred from asteroseismology is much larger than predictions from numerical simulations.
Keywords: Astronomy, Physics
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao6571
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Benomar, O; Bazot, M, Nielsen, M. B, Gizon, L, Sekii, T, Takata, M, Hotta, H, Hanasoge, S, Sreenivasan, K. R, Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
- Unlocking P(V): Reagents for chiral phosphorothioate synthesis
- Authors:
Knouse, K. W; deGruyter, J. N, Schmidt, M. A, Zheng, B, Vantourout, J. C, Kingston, C, Mercer, S. E, Mcdonald, I. M, Olson, R. E, Zhu, Y, Hang, C, Zhu, J, Yuan, C, Wang, Q, Park, P, Eastgate, M. D, Baran, P. S.
Pages: 1234 - 1238
Abstract: Phosphorothioate nucleotides have emerged as powerful pharmacological substitutes of their native phosphodiester analogs with important translational applications in antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics and cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) synthesis. Stereocontrolled installation of this chiral motif has long been hampered by the systemic use of phosphorus(III) [P(III)]–based reagent systems as the sole practical means of oligonucleotide assembly. A fundamentally different approach is described herein: the invention of a P(V)-based reagent platform for programmable, traceless, diastereoselective phosphorus-sulfur incorporation. The power of this reagent system is demonstrated through the robust and stereocontrolled synthesis of various nucleotidic architectures, including ASOs and CDNs, via an efficient, inexpensive, and operationally simple protocol.
Keywords: Chemistry
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau3369
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Knouse, K. W; deGruyter, J. N, Schmidt, M. A, Zheng, B, Vantourout, J. C, Kingston, C, Mercer, S. E, Mcdonald, I. M, Olson, R. E, Zhu, Y, Hang, C, Zhu, J, Yuan, C, Wang, Q, Park, P, Eastgate, M. D, Baran, P. S.
- Measurement of a superconducting qubit with a microwave photon counter
- Authors:
Opremcak, A; Pechenezhskiy, I. V, Howington, C, Christensen, B. G, Beck, M. A, Leonard, E, Suttle, J, Wilen, C, Nesterov, K. N, Ribeill, G. J, Thorbeck, T, Schlenker, F, Vavilov, M. G, Plourde, B. L. T, McDermott, R.
Pages: 1239 - 1242
Abstract: Fast, high-fidelity measurement is a key ingredient for quantum error correction. Conventional approaches to the measurement of superconducting qubits, involving linear amplification of a microwave probe tone followed by heterodyne detection at room temperature, do not scale well to large system sizes. We introduce an approach to measurement based on a microwave photon counter demonstrating raw single-shot measurement fidelity of 92%. Moreover, the intrinsic damping of the photon counter is used to extract the energy released by the measurement process, allowing repeated high-fidelity quantum nondemolition measurements. Our scheme provides access to the classical outcome of projective quantum measurement at the millikelvin stage and could form the basis for a scalable quantum-to-classical interface.
Keywords: Physics
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat4625
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Opremcak, A; Pechenezhskiy, I. V, Howington, C, Christensen, B. G, Beck, M. A, Leonard, E, Suttle, J, Wilen, C, Nesterov, K. N, Ribeill, G. J, Thorbeck, T, Schlenker, F, Vavilov, M. G, Plourde, B. L. T, McDermott, R.
- Self-assembly of lattices with high structural complexity from a
geometrically simple molecule- Authors:
Yamagishi, H; Sato, H, Hori, A, Sato, Y, Matsuda, R, Kato, K, Aida, T.
Pages: 1242 - 1246
Abstract: Here we report an anomalous porous molecular crystal built of C–H···N-bonded double-layered roof-floor components and wall components of a segregatively interdigitated architecture. This complicated porous structure consists of only one type of fully aromatic multijoint molecule carrying three identical dipyridylphenyl wedges. Despite its high symmetry, this molecule accomplishes difficult tasks by using two of its three wedges for roof-floor formation and using its other wedge for wall formation. Although a C–H···N bond is extremely labile, the porous crystal maintains its porosity until thermal breakdown of the C–H···N bonds at 202°C occurs, affording a nonporous polymorph. Though this nonporous crystal survives even at 325°C, it can retrieve the parent porosity under acetonitrile vapor. These findings show how one can translate simplicity into ultrahigh complexity.
Keywords: Chemistry
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6394
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Yamagishi, H; Sato, H, Hori, A, Sato, Y, Matsuda, R, Kato, K, Aida, T.
- Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaran fossil Dickinsonia as one of the
earliest animals- Authors:
Bobrovskiy, I; Hope, J. M, Ivantsov, A, Nettersheim, B. J, Hallmann, C, Brocks, J. J.
Pages: 1246 - 1249
Abstract: The enigmatic Ediacara biota (571 million to 541 million years ago) represents the first macroscopic complex organisms in the geological record and may hold the key to our understanding of the origin of animals. Ediacaran macrofossils are as "strange as life on another planet" and have evaded taxonomic classification, with interpretations ranging from marine animals or giant single-celled protists to terrestrial lichens. Here, we show that lipid biomarkers extracted from organically preserved Ediacaran macrofossils unambiguously clarify their phylogeny. Dickinsonia and its relatives solely produced cholesteroids, a hallmark of animals. Our results make these iconic members of the Ediacara biota the oldest confirmed macroscopic animals in the rock record, indicating that the appearance of the Ediacara biota was indeed a prelude to the Cambrian explosion of animal life.
Keywords: Paleontology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7228
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Bobrovskiy, I; Hope, J. M, Ivantsov, A, Nettersheim, B. J, Hallmann, C, Brocks, J. J.
- Fossils reveal the complex evolutionary history of the mammalian
regionalized spine- Authors:
Jones, K. E; Angielczyk, K. D, Polly, P. D, Head, J. J, Fernandez, V, Lungmus, J. K, Tulga, S, Pierce, S. E.
Pages: 1249 - 1252
Abstract: A unique characteristic of mammals is a vertebral column with anatomically distinct regions, but when and how this trait evolved remains unknown. We reconstructed vertebral regions and their morphological disparity in the extinct forerunners of mammals, the nonmammalian synapsids, to elucidate the evolution of mammalian axial differentiation. Mapping patterns of regionalization and disparity (heterogeneity) across amniotes reveals that both traits increased during synapsid evolution. However, the onset of regionalization predates increased heterogeneity. On the basis of inferred homology patterns, we propose a "pectoral-first" hypothesis for region acquisition, whereby evolutionary shifts in forelimb function in nonmammalian therapsids drove increasing vertebral modularity prior to differentiation of the vertebral column for specialized functions in mammals.
Keywords: Evolution, Paleontology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3126
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Jones, K. E; Angielczyk, K. D, Polly, P. D, Head, J. J, Fernandez, V, Lungmus, J. K, Tulga, S, Pierce, S. E.
- Programmable protein circuits in living cells
- Authors:
Gao, X. J; Chong, L. S, Kim, M. S, Elowitz, M. B.
Pages: 1252 - 1258
Abstract: Synthetic protein-level circuits could enable engineering of powerful new cellular behaviors. Rational protein circuit design would be facilitated by a composable protein-protein regulation system in which individual protein components can regulate one another to create a variety of different circuit architectures. In this study, we show that engineered viral proteases can function as composable protein components, which can together implement a broad variety of circuit-level functions in mammalian cells. In this system, termed CHOMP (circuits of hacked orthogonal modular proteases), input proteases dock with and cleave target proteases to inhibit their function. These components can be connected to generate regulatory cascades, binary logic gates, and dynamic analog signal-processing functions. To demonstrate the utility of this system, we rationally designed a circuit that induces cell death in response to upstream activators of the Ras oncogene. Because CHOMP circuits can perform complex functions yet be encoded as single transcripts and delivered without genomic integration, they offer a scalable platform to facilitate protein circuit engineering for biotechnological applications.
Keywords: Molecular Biology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat5062
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Gao, X. J; Chong, L. S, Kim, M. S, Elowitz, M. B.
- Engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease with expanded targeting space
- Authors:
Nishimasu, H; Shi, X, Ishiguro, S, Gao, L, Hirano, S, Okazaki, S, Noda, T, Abudayyeh, O. O, Gootenberg, J. S, Mori, H, Oura, S, Holmes, B, Tanaka, M, Seki, M, Hirano, H, Aburatani, H, Ishitani, R, Ikawa, M, Yachie, N, Zhang, F, Nureki, O.
Pages: 1259 - 1262
Abstract: The RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 cleaves its target DNA and is a powerful genome-editing tool. However, the widely used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 enzyme (SpCas9) requires an NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) for target recognition, thereby restricting the targetable genomic loci. Here, we report a rationally engineered SpCas9 variant (SpCas9-NG) that can recognize relaxed NG PAMs. The crystal structure revealed that the loss of the base-specific interaction with the third nucleobase is compensated by newly introduced non–base-specific interactions, thereby enabling the NG PAM recognition. We showed that SpCas9-NG induces indels at endogenous target sites bearing NG PAMs in human cells. Furthermore, we found that the fusion of SpCas9-NG and the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediates the C-to-T conversion at target sites with NG PAMs in human cells.
Keywords: Engineering, Molecular Biology
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9129
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Nishimasu, H; Shi, X, Ishiguro, S, Gao, L, Hirano, S, Okazaki, S, Noda, T, Abudayyeh, O. O, Gootenberg, J. S, Mori, H, Oura, S, Holmes, B, Tanaka, M, Seki, M, Hirano, H, Aburatani, H, Ishitani, R, Ikawa, M, Yachie, N, Zhang, F, Nureki, O.
- Gordon Research Conferences
- Pages: 1264 - 1273
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1264
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Pages: 1264 - 1273
- New Products
- Pages: 1274 - 1274
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1274
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Pages: 1274 - 1274
- Afraid to fail' Reach out
- Authors:
Wanchisen; B. A.
Pages: 1278 - 1278
PubDate: 2018-09-20T10:39:41-07:00
DOI: 10.1126/science.361.6408.1278
Issue No: Vol. 361, No. 6408 (2018)
- Authors:
Wanchisen; B. A.
