 Subjects -> ELECTRONICS (Total: 207 journals)
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- IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and
Biology Publication Information-
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Pages: C2 - C2
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF, and Microwaves in Medicine and
Biology About this Journal-
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Pages: C3 - C3
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Cost-Efficient Real-Time Adaptive Location Tracking With Interacting
Multiple Transition Model for Implantable Medical Device-
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Authors:
Daria Dmitrieva;Daisuke Anzai;Jens Kirchner;Georg Fischer;Jianqing Wang;
Pages: 102 - 109
Abstract: One of the main tasks connected with implantable medical devices, such as wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) is location tracking of a capsule moving inside a human body. To improve the localization accuracy in a real situation, a transition model to describe the capsule movement inside the body should be appropriately considered, where the trajectory segments are composed of different movement models. In this paper, in addition to the conventional random way point model, we constructed an interacting multiple model (IMM), which is a combination of two different movements to represent suitable WCE movement. Then, we proposed a combined extended Kalman and particle filter method with respect to the balance between the accuracy and computational cost for realizing precise real-time WCE location tracking. Compared with conventional tracking methods, the proposed tracking location method with the IMM transition model achieved 30$%$ better estimation accuracy and 98$%$ lower computational cost.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Microwave Heating for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage Assets: A
Review of Main Approaches and Challenges-
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Authors:
Stefania Romeo;Olga Zeni;
Pages: 110 - 121
Abstract: Objectives: The cultural heritage (CH) represents the proof of human achievements from the past in terms of historical and technological progress. One of the main issues regarding CH preservation is the bio-deterioration phenomenon which arises from biological colonization of artistic materials with consequent aesthetic, chemical and structural damage. The most common disinfestation methods are based on mechanical, chemical, biological or physical treatments. Among the physical methods, microwave heating has high potentialities, but its application is not a standard. Here we reviewed relevant literature on the use of microwave heating for the disinfestation of artworks from biodeteriogens. Method: We performed a systematic literature search, identified twenty relevant publications, and extracted relevant information. Results: Microwave heating resulted effective for total disinfestation of various infesting agents on several materials, rapid, safe for operators and the environment. However, we highlighted the lack of a systematic approach to the planning of artworks treatment with microwave heating and developed operative guidelines that include dielectric characterization of materials, prediction and control of electric field distribution in the artwork, identification of lethal doses for infesting agents. Impact: The proposed approach might contribute to boost the use of this promising, non-invasive, and safe technology for artworks conservation.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Stroke Diagnosis Using Microwave Techniques: Review of Systems and
Algorithms-
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Authors:
Lei Guo;Abdulrahman S. M. Alqadami;Amin Abbosh;
Pages: 122 - 135
Abstract: Microwave imaging has recently drawn increasing attention due to its potential for rapid stroke diagnosis using this low-cost, and non-ionizing modality. Besides, this modality can be built as a portable scanning device that can be utilized for both on-site and in-hospital settings. Over the past few years, there have been great efforts by many scientists and engineers to translate this life-saving technology to a clinical setting. Although recent progress indicates that microwave imaging has indeed evolved at a rapid pace, there are still several challenges to be addressed. This paper discusses the recent progress in addition to challenges and limitations that must be overcome to enable the development of clinical systems for stroke diagnosis with robust and reliable results. It provides a comprehensive review of recent systems, focusing on complete systems and processing algorithms.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Millimeter-Wave Pulsed Heating in Vitro: Effect of Pulse Duration
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Authors:
Rosa Orlacchio;Yann Le Page;Yves Le Dréan;Maxim Zhadobov;
Pages: 136 - 143
Abstract: The aim of this work is to compare the response of A375 melanoma cells following 90 min of exposure to trains of 1.5 or 6 s millimeter-waves (MMW)-induced thermal pulses with the same temperature dynamics. Phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and activation of cleaved Caspase-3 were used as markers of cellular stress and apoptosis, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to observe and precisely quantify the cellular response as a function of the spatial distribution within the exposed area. Results show that cellular response was stronger when cells were exposed to a train of 1.5 s compared to 6 s heat pulses despite the same average temperature dynamics. Cellular apoptosis induced by 1.5 s pulses was about 50% greater compared to the one induced by 6 s pulses in the area of maximal thermal stress. Similarly, HSP27 phosphorylation was approximately 20% stronger than the one induced by 6 s pulses, and mainly focused within a small area of a few mm2. Cellular response to MMW induced by pulsed heating does not only depend on the peak, average, and minimum temperature. It is a function of combination of the pulse parameters, including duration, peak power, and period. MMW-induced heat pulses can be efficiently used to induce cellular stress and apoptosis in melanoma cells as a promising innovative tool for the treatment of superficial skin cancer. Adaptative therapies might be envisaged by tuning the pulse shape as a function of the desired effect.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Lab-On-Chip UHF-Dielectrophoretic Cytometer for Colorectal Cancer Stem
Cells Sorting-
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Authors:
Elisa Lambert;Elodie Barthout;Thomas Provent;Remi Manczak;Sofiane Saada;Barbara Bessette;Muriel Mathonnet;Fabrice Lalloué;Claire Dalmay;Arnaud Pothier;
Pages: 144 - 151
Abstract: In this article, we introduce a method to exploit ultra-high dielectrophoresis (UHF-DEP) with a microfluidic radio frequency device able to sort biological cells by deflecting the trajectory of the targeted population in a continuous flow. This study highlights the capability of a high frequency lab-on-chip implemented UHF-DEP cytometer to isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs). Actually, CSCs sorting by an efficient, fast and low-cost method remains an issue. Above 20 MHz, the intracellular dielectric properties of cells determine the dielectrophoretic behavior of cells and is then very sensitive to the cell cytoplasm content. The proposed cell sorting principle exploits the combination of the fluidic drag and the repulsive dielectrophoretic forces in order to isolate CSCs hidden within differentiated cancer cells. We previously demonstrated the UHF-DEP behavior of cells, as a new type of electromagnetic biomarkers to discriminate cancer stem cells among a tumor population from colorectal cancer cell line.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Experimental Assessment of Axillary Lymph Node Microwave Tomography Using
Anthropomorphic Phantoms-
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Authors:
Matteo Savazzi;Olympia Karadima;David O. Rodriguez Duarte;Jorge Tobon Vasquez;Francesca Vipiana;Panagiotis Kosmas;Carlos A. Fernandes;João M. Felício;Raquel C. Conceição;
Pages: 160 - 167
Abstract: We assess the application of microwave tomography (MWT) for the detection of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in breast cancer patients. We numerically study the effects of limiting angular view in axillary MWT, as probes can only be placed on a limited arc around the axillary region. We also numerically study the possibility of increasing the amount of retrievable information by acquiring data in two consecutive steps, with a single antenna set in two different angular positions. We finally experimentally test axillary MWT on anthropomorphic phantoms with different levels of anatomical fidelity, and different ALN positions. Our MWT system (0.8–2.5 GHz) employs six monopole antennas placed on a single transverse plane, facing the axillary region. The reconstruction algorithm implements the distorted Born iterative method, combined with the two-step iterative shrinkage/thresholding for the inversion (DBIM-TwIST). Our numerical results i) highlight the challenges associated with the limited angular view, and ii) show that performing two-step angular measurements enhances imaging results, suggesting that rotating the antenna set between consecutive measurements is an effective means to increase the retrievable information in ALN MWT. Our experimental results show that our MWT system can detect an ALN in different positions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper to assess ALN MWT in a realistic 3-D experimental scenario.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- $B_{1}^+$
-Based+Brain+Subject-Specific+SAR+Maps+Using+Electrical+Properties+Tomography&rft.title=IEEE+Journal+of+Electromagnetics,+RF+and+Microwaves+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.issn=2469-7249&rft.date=2023&rft.volume=7&rft.spage=168&rft.epage=175&rft.aulast=Zilberti;&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.au=Jessica+A.+Martinez;Alessandro+Arduino;Oriano+Bottauscio;Luca+Zilberti;">Evaluation and Correction of $B_{1}^+$
-Based Brain Subject-Specific SAR
Maps Using Electrical Properties Tomography-
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Authors:
Jessica A. Martinez;Alessandro Arduino;Oriano Bottauscio;Luca Zilberti;
Pages: 168 - 175
Abstract: The specific absorption rate (SAR) estimates the amount of power absorbed by the tissue and is determined by the electrical conductivity and the E-field. Conductivity can be estimated using Electric Properties Tomography (EPT) but only the E-field component associated with $B_{1}^+$ can be deduced from $B_{1}$-mapping. Herein, a correction factor was calculated to compensate for the differences between the actual SAR and the one obtained with $B_{1}^+$. Numerical simulations were performed for 27 head models at $128 ,mathrm{M}mathrm{Hz}$. Ground-truth local-SAR and 10g-SAR (SARGT) were computed using the exact electrical conductivity and the E-field. Estimated local-SAR and 10g-SAR (SAREST) were computed using the electrical conductivity obtained with a convection-reaction EPT and the E-field obtained from $B_{1}^+$. Correction factors (CFs) were estimated for gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A comparison was performed for different levels of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Local-SAR/10g-SAR CF was 3.08 $pm$ 0/06 / 2.11 $pm$ 0.04 for gray matter, 1.79 $pm$ 0/05 / 2.06 $pm$ 0.04 for white matter, and 2.59 $pm$ 0/05 / 1.95 $pm$ 0.03 for CSF. SAREST without CF were underestimated (ratio across [$infty$ - 25] SNRs: 0.52 $pm$ 0.02 for local-SAR; 0.55 $pm$ 0.01 for 10g-SAR). After correction, SAREST was equivalent to SARGT (ratio across [$infty$ - 25] SNRs: 0.97 $pm$ 0.02 for local-SAR; 1.06 $pm$ 0.01 for 10g-SAR). SAR maps based on $B_{1}^+$ can be corrected with a correction factor to compensate for potential differences between the actual SAR and the SAR calculated with the E-field derived from $B_{1}^+$.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Modeling Electrodynamic Interactions in Brownian Dynamics Simulations
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Authors:
Kyle A. Thackston;Mara D. Casebeer;Dimitri D. Deheyn;Andreas W. Götz;Daniel F. Sievenpiper;
Pages: 176 - 181
Abstract: There is a great deal of interest in interactions between biomolecules and high frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields. To investigate these interactions, a variety of simulation methods are available. For small length and time scales (approximately $< $ $1 ,mathrm{mu }mathrm{s}$ and $100 ,mathrm{n}mathrm{m}$), All-Atom Molecular Dynamics simulates every atom in the system. This captures the relevant physics to a high degree of accuracy. Phenomena such as electric field screening by counter-ions are emergent properties from the collective interactions of these atoms. For larger systems on longer time scales, however, this method is too computationally expensive. To reduce complexity, other simulation techniques such as Brownian Dynamics treat the solvent as a continuum, instead of explicitly. One typical assumption is that electric field interactions are electrostatic and subjected to Debye screening. Once charges start moving at high frequencies and velocities, however, charges are able to outrun the counter-ion cloud and this assumption breaks down. We propose a method of removing the electrostatic assumption without explicitly modeling the solvent or imposing a grid on the simulation. We demonstrate the charged wake can be modeled using a finite trail of charges. Interactions can be computed using electrostatic expressions only, but still capture electrodynamics.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Miniaturized Dual Antiphase Patch Antenna Radiating Into the Human Body at
2.4 GHz-
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Authors:
Johnathan W. Adams;Louis Chen;Peter Serano;Ara Nazarian;Reinhold Ludwig;Sergey N. Makaroff;
Pages: 182 - 186
Abstract: An on-body antenna, comprised of two closely-spaced antiphase patch elements, for microwave imaging may provide enhanced signal penetration into the tissue. By further integrating a 180-degree on-chip power splitter with the dual antiphase patch antenna element, a low-profile miniaturized antenna, integrated into a single 18.5 mm × 10 mm × 1.6 mm circuit board assembly, is designed and evaluated both numerically and experimentally. This is the smallest on-body antenna known to the authors for the given frequency band. This linearly polarized antenna may potentially serve as a building block of a dense antenna array for prospective high-resolution microwave imaging. A 2.4 GHz band was chosen as the design target. The final antenna size was a compromise between the miniaturization, the SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio), and the targeted antenna bandwidth (2.3–2.5 GHz). The effect of surface waves (the secondary radiating components) was also factored in the design consideration, while maximizing the detected signals’ SNR.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Reducing Non-Through Body Energy Transfer in Microwave Imaging Systems
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Authors:
Peter Serano;Johnathan W. Adams;Louis Chen;Ara Nazarian;Reinhold Ludwig;Sergey Makaroff;
Pages: 187 - 192
Abstract: On-body antennas for use in microwave imaging (MI) systems can direct energy around the body instead of through the body, thus degrading the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system. This work introduces and quantifies the usage of modern metal-backed RF absorbing foam in conjunction with on-body antennas to dampen energy flowing around the body, using both simulations and experiments. A head imaging system is demonstrated herein but the principle can be applied to any part of the body including the torso or extremities. A computational model was simulated numerically using Ansys HFSS. A physical prototype in the form of a helmet with embedded antennas was built to compare simulations with measured data. Simulations and measurements demonstrate that usage of such metal-backed RF-absorbing foams can significantly reduce around-body coupling from Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) antennas by approximately 10 dB. Thus, the overall SNR of the MI system can be substantially improved using this low-cost and affordable method.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
- Semi-Implantable Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System Integrated With
On-Chip Power Management Unit (PMU) for Neuromodulation Application-
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Authors:
Dipon K. Biswas;Nabanita Saha;Arnav Kaul;Ifana Mahbub;
Pages: 193 - 200
Abstract: Miniaturization of the neuromodulation system is important for non-invasive or sub-invasive optogenetic application. This work presents an optimized wireless power transfer (WPT) system integrated with an on-chip rectification circuitry and an off-chip stimulation circuitry for optogenetic stimulation of freely moving rodents. The proposed WPT system is built using parallel transmitter (TX) coils on printed circuit board (PCB) and wire-wound based receiver (RX) coil followed by a seven-stage voltage doubler and a low dropout regulator (LDO) circuit designed in 180 nm standard Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process. A pulse stimulation is used to stimulate the neurons which is generated using a commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) components based oscillator circuit. The intensity of the stimulation is controlled by using a COTS based LED driver circuit which controls the current through the $mu$LED. The total dimension of the RX coil is 8 mm × 3.4 mm. The maximum power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the proposed WPT system is $sim$35% and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier is 52%. The proposed system with reconfigurable stimulation frequency is suitable for exciting different brain areas for long-term health monitoring.
PubDate:
June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)
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