Authors:Chit Su Khin, Aye Thandar Kyaw, Myo Myint Maw, May Zin Oo Pages: 1 - 9 Abstract: In OpenFlow networks, several packet-in traffic messages are sent to the controller to request routes from any switch on the network. Executing these packet-in messages and replying to control messages may interfere with the controller performance. Therefore, a mechanism for lightening the load on the controller by reducing packet-in traffic between the controller and the switch is proposed in this research. The proposed system operates by responding to the two flow entries for each request and removing packet-in messages from some unused multicast traffic. The proposed system can thus not only avoid a third packet-in message but also some multicast packet-in traffic, thereby reducing the load and traffic in the network as well as packet loss. According to the evaluation results, the proposed system can improve network performance by significantly reducing packet-in overhead. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.244944 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Sirawit Khittiwitchayakul, Watid Phakphisut, Pornchai Supnithi Pages: 10 - 21 Abstract: In traditional magnetic recording systems, non-associated sectors are mainly adopted, whereby two consecutive sectors are decoded independently by the low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. In this paper, we propose a magnetic recording system with associated sectors, constructed using spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes. If the SC-LDPC decoder cannot correct the erroneous bits in the current sector, it can request information stored in previous sectors to improve decoding performance. Moreover, we modify protograph-based extrinsic information transfer (P-EXIT) charts to examine the theoretical performance of SC-LDPC codes applied to both non-associated and associated sectors. Our theoretical results show that the associated sectors achieve significant performance gains compared to the traditional non-associated sectors. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246094 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Waluyo Waluyo, Andre Widura, Wahyu Agung Purbandoko Pages: 22 - 31 Abstract: The promotion of energy-saving air conditioners (ACs) continues to increase. Therefore, this research proposes the implementation of automatic control and monitoring for AC fan evaporator and compressor speeds using a programmable logic controller (PLC) along with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). The proposed system uses a room-temperature sensor, connected to the PLC and programmed with a ladder diagram. It is connected to a SCADA installed computer for monitoring and data logging. The testing involves three methods: conventional, manual, and automatic PLC-based. Over a four-week period, the conventional method consumed 193.6 kW⋅h, 198.7 kW⋅h, and 206.6 kW⋅h in energy, while the manual method consumed 160.5 kW⋅h, 160.1 kW⋅h, and 161.9 kW⋅h, and the automatic method 150.8 kW⋅h, 152.6 kW⋅h, and 154.8 kW⋅h using the trapezoidal composite rule, Simpson's composite rule, and ordinary methods, respectively. The main research contribution is the provision of an energy-saving system for air conditioners over a long duration using PLC. The PLC-based automatic-to-manual energy savings equate to 6.0%, 5.8%, and 4.4%; whereas 22.0%, 24.0%, and 25.0% for the PLC-based automatic-to-conventional method. Therefore, the PLC-based automatic control is deemed appropriate for electrical energy-saving. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ectieec.2022201.246095 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Vijay H. M., V. N. Ramakrishnan Pages: 32 - 38 Abstract: Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is a promising candidate for industry and academia from the research and development perspective. The resistance of RRAM depends on the geometrical dimensions, growth, and rupture of the conductive filament. In this work, the geometrical dimensions such as the length and width of the filament are varied to analyze the resistance. Moreover, the RRAM can be used in aerospace applications. Therefore, the impact of a single-event upset on resistance of RRAM is investigated by means of a double exponential current pulse. The performance of the device is compared in terms of resistance before and after irradiation. A decrease in its original resistance has been observed after radiation. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246101 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Abdelhalim Arif, Youcef Bekakra, Djilani Ben Attous Pages: 39 - 50 Abstract: The Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is applied in this paper to enhance the control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by a wind turbine (WT) with the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter. The proposed model is then compared to a classical pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter to improve the quality of the generated energy. The simulation results of these two techniques are presented under MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that FLC-SVPWM gives a lower value for total harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator current as well as reduced ripples of active and reactive powers compared to the FLC-PWM. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.241670 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Muhammad Izanie Kahar, Raja Nor Firdaus Kashfi Raja Othman, Aziah Khamis, Nurfaezah Abdullah, Fairul Azhar Abdul Shukor, Lim Seng Tat Pages: 51 - 61 Abstract: This paper analyzes the performance of a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor for agro electric vehicle (agro-EV) applications. Agro-EV technology is being developed in response to increasing environmental pollution. Various types of electric motors are in agro-EV, one of which is the BLDC. With its good capabilities, it has been chosen for further exploration in this research. On the other hand, some issues limit the usage of the conventional BLDC motor in heavy applications, such as low torque performance caused by weak magnetic energy. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effect of magnetic energy based on slot-pole combinations to evaluate the BLDC motor's performance. Three BLDC models with different slot-pole numbers are designed and simulated using a fixed structure size, permanent magnet volume, and magnetomotive force (MMF). Finite element method (FEM) software known as Altair Flux 2D is used to compute the cogging torque, back-electromotive force (BEMF), magnetic flux density, and the torque produced. As a result, an 18/20 slot-pole was chosen for its high torque (105 Nm) and BEMF (35.9 V). In conclusion, this research simulation presents guidelines and an overview regarding the effect of slot-pole numbers on the performance of the BLDC motor for agro-EV applications. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246104 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Samuel Nlend, Theo G. Swart Pages: 62 - 73 Abstract: This paper investigates a new combinatorial construction approach based on cyclic difference packings for the construction of an optical orthogonal code that is suitable as a time spreading sequence for fast frequency hopping optical code division multiple access (OCDM) systems. The proposed construction provides a solution to the electrical decoding delay problem when compared to its optical counterpart, as well as other optimization issues. The criteria for optimizing the performance of such an OCDMA system are provided, namely: the flexibility and simplicity in constructing the optimal code for any length and weight, a reduction in the encoding/decoding complexity that complies with changes in the fast frequency hopping system, and the provision of system transfer transparency, a decoding rule that exploits the embedded asymmetric error correcting capability of the code. Our neighbor difference approach refers to the partition of different solutions into sub-classes, given in the correlation matrix form. It takes into account both direct and recursive combinatorial code construction methods, and the resulting characteristics are evaluated accordingly. A performance analysis based on the OCDMA channel is given, and a comparison with other difference family solutions is performed. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246105 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Balajee Sharma, Virendra Singh Chaudhary Pages: 74 - 82 Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) plays an important role in wireless communication due to its high transmission rate. Information is conveyed across spatial and temporal dimensions through the space-time shift keying (STSK) technique which is basically used to handle multiplexing diversity and gains. On the other hand, index modulation integrated OFDM not only communicates information through conventional signal constellations as in classical OFDM, but also through indexes of the subcarriers. In index modulation, the subcarriers are transmitted over a particular index and can be implemented effectively. The active indices are selected and further information bits transmitted. In this paper, to handle such limitations, the deep neural network (DNN) has been proposed for end-to-end performance. Under the noisy and faded channel scenario, channel state information must be acquired to recover the transmitted signal correctly. To evaluate the channel distortion level, a deep learning model is trained offline from simulated data and then applied to online data to estimate and recover the channel state as well as the transmitted signal, respectively, in comparison to the traditional least minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimation technique. The analysis results demonstrate superiority over the conventional LMMSE for channel estimation and signal detection in wireless communications with complex channel distortion and interference. The mean square error (MSE) is evaluated for carrying out performance information in each subcarrier block and to reduce the detector error rate. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246107 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Jutturit Thongpron, Wuttikai Tammawan, Teerasak Somsak, Wiwat Tippachon, Kosol Oranpiroj, Ekkachai Chaidee, Anon Namin Pages: 83 - 95 Abstract: The electric vehicle (EV) market is rising despite the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand and the rest of the world. The Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministry of Energy, is supporting the development of EV charging stations in Thailand. However, recent research published by Thais on the subject does not involve more than 1.24 kW wireless power transfer (WPT), whereas commercial EVs need at least 3.5 kW charging facilities. This study aims to develop a 10 kW WPT for EV charging in Thailand. The experimental procedure firstly required the design of block ferrite EE55 cores. Secondly, the transmitter and receiver coils were constructed from homemade Litz wire. Thirdly, the prototype magnetic parameters were measured and simulated. A 10 kW high-frequency inverter was then built and tested. The 10 kW prototype IPT system was subsequently simulated, constructed, and characterized. The results revealed that when the prototype IPT system was applied to the resistive tungsten halogen load during the first stage of the research, at 369.4 V DC input voltage and 32.33 A DC input current, the DC output voltage, and currents were 362.4 V and 29.67 A, respectively, while the maximum DC output power and the dc-to-dc efficiency equated to 10.75 kW and 90.00%, respectively. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246108 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Paramet Wirasanti, Phittawat Yotha Pages: 96 - 104 Abstract: In general, the clearing method in the local energy market is introduced based on two well-known methods: auction-based and game theory. However, both methods focus on different aspects; the auction-based method is based on economic equilibrium, whereas game theory is based on the concept of maximum profit. Therefore, to clarify the difference, the processes and algorithms of both methods are discussed and compared in this paper. In this study, the prosumer case study based on the non-cooperative day-ahead market is used to compare both methods. The prosumer is a good case because, as the lowest unit in the local market, it can apply to either seller or buyer. According to the case study, the comparative results focus on the difference between the local price and retail price, and the allocated energy quantity. The findings from the comparative results will advise the market operator on the most appropriate clearing method and market player for the bidding strategy design. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246109 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Saichol Chudjuarjeen, Nathabhat Phankong Pages: 105 - 113 Abstract: This paper proposes the frequency control technique using a half-bridge resonance inverter for hot tensile testing in induction heating. The technique involves power regulation, high frequency pulse, frequency adjustment, and pulse generator controller based on the dsPIC33FJ16GS404 chip IC. Significantly, the inverter is controlled by two sections. Throughout the heating cycle, the first controller retains the inverter's operating frequency slightly above the resonant frequency, while the second keeps the phase angle of the current and voltage output in check to control the output power at a level suitable for changes in the tensile parameter workpieces. As a result, the inverter improves the efficiency of the prototype, which has 1.5 kW input power. Furthermore, it can heat three different sizes of steel workpieces for hot tensile testing, with diameters of approximately 3, 5, and 10 mm and lengths of approximately 50 and 70 mm, respectively. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246110 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Nathabhat Phankong, Saichol Chudjuarjeen Pages: 114 - 122 Abstract: This paper presents an energy transfer system for a photovoltaic module with solar-powered panels, batteries, and a grid-tie inverter that uses series-connected bidirectional resonant converters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the asymmetrical duty cycle control and frequency control techniques for increasing and controlling the input voltage of the grid-tie inverter. Prior to the experiment, the performance of the bidirectional resonant converters was evaluated using a simulation program. By adjusting the asymmetrical duty cycle by 50%, the input voltage of the grid inverter was found to be 48.2 V. However, by adjusting the asymmetrical duty cycle by 10%, the input voltage of the grid inverter was 150.4 V. Furthermore, when turning on the switch in the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) mode, the converter circuit was controlled and operated within an appropriate frequency range. The results revealed no switching losses when the converters were turned on. As a result, the bidirectional resonant converters were able to properly transfer energy and regulate the input voltage of the grid inverter. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246112 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Chuttchaval Jeraputra, Jetnarong Pongpaiboon, Thamvarit Singhavilai, Supun Tiptipakorn Pages: 123 - 132 Abstract: In this study, a phase lead-lag synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) is proposed for the grid connection of a single-phase inverter. A tuned filter is employed to enable the phase of the input voltage to be advanced or delayed by ±45 degrees with respect to the grid voltage. The generated orthogonal signals are fed into Park's transformation. Only the quadrature-phase signal is regulated to zero using a PI controller. Its output determines the estimated frequency. The phase angle is obtained by integrating the estimated frequency. The linearized model of the proposed SRF-PLL is developed and stability analysis is discussed. The viability of the proposed method is tested under computer simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. The method is then implemented on a 32-bit microcontroller and tested with a programmable AC source. The results positively confirm the effectiveness of the method. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246117 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Sirichai Dangeam Pages: 133 - 142 Abstract: This paper presents the implementation of a three-leg voltage source inverter fed by a brushless DC motor. The open-loop speed control with direct torque is employed in this motor. The rotation of the motor is controlled by using an optimal voltage vector which is related to the calculation of stator flux and electromechanical torque. The experimental results show that this system has greater capability to reduce spike and ripple on the voltage, current, stator flux, and electromechanical torque than the conventional speed controller which feeds the voltage vector from the hall-effect sensors. PubDate: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-eec.2022201.246118 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 1 (2022)
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