Authors:Samsurizal Samsurizal, Rio Afrianda, Andi Makkulau Pages: 1 - 6 Abstract: Year after year, there has been a rise in use of electrical power. The industrial, home, commercial, and public sectors accounted for 234,617.88 GWh of PLN's electrical energy sales in 2018. Meanwhile, the household, industrial, commercial, social sector, government office buildings, and public street lighting consumed 2,857.06 GWh of electrical energy in DKI Jakarta. The majority of the energy resources required by interconnected networks are fossil (coal). As a result, a future alternative to fossil fuels is required. Optimizing solar energy that may be employed in urban settings is one of the uses of renewable energy. The building sector consumes up to 40% of the total annual energy. By installing a renewable energy system on the roof of PT PJB Muara Karang power plant unit. The solar power plant energy potential on the roof of PT PJB UP Muara Karang administration building was simulated with HelioScope and using Quantitative Descriptive Method to maximize the rooftop area by installing 143 solar panel modules. which is capable of supplying 75.11 percent of the energy needs at PT. PJB UP Muara Karang. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.49910 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Fitriah Husin, Bonar Sirait Pages: 7 - 14 Abstract: This study aims to determine the magnitude of the increase in the voltage profile of the 20.kV distribution network system of PT. PLN (Persero) Ketapang with the installation of reactive power injection equipment. The research method used is the Newton Raphson power flow method with MATLAB simulation program. From the results of these calculations, Pawan 2 and Pawan 6 load buses each have a voltage drop above 5%, which is found on 42 buses. To overcome this, reactive power injection (Qc) was carried out: 150 KVAR on bus 26 of Pawan 2, and 900 KVAR on bus 40 and 46, and 600 KVAR on bus 51 of Pawan 6. This leads to the increase in voltage drop percentage on Pawan 2 and Pawan 6, thus, the profile meets SPLN No. 72 of 1987, which is below 5%. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.48511 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Muhamad Yusuf, Sugeng Dwi Riyanto, Hera Susanti Pages: 15 - 21 Abstract: The sorting process based on color generally still uses human power. This has a weakness, i.e., human judgements that are subjective and inconsistent, and work that is done repeatedly can cause saturation. So, the purpose of this research is to create a sorting system in Miniature Production System (MPS) that can select objects based on color using a TCS3200 color sensor. The novelty of this research is that it can detect primary and secondary colors of an object. The process of moving objects from the storage unit to the sorting section uses a pneumatic cylinder which acts as a handling station. The handling station uses 3 cylinders to move the vertical, horizontal axes and clamp the workpiece. The movement of each cylinder is regulated by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) where the ladder diagram is based on the step diagram. Simplification of the step diagram is achieved by using a cascade controller. The testing results shows that this system can sort objects by color with a success rate of 86%. Tests on the handling station show that the average workpiece removal process takes 11.30 seconds with air pressure of 4-5 bar in the cylinder. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.49747 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Ihsan Al-Fikri, Aripriharta Ph.D, Anik Nur Handayani, Norzanah Rosmin, Saodah Omar Pages: 22 - 27 Abstract: This paper presents a hybrid control between Fuzzy and PI to solve the problem of stability of the output voltage on the Buck Converter, especially in small power applications. This paper makes two main contributions. The first is the design of a simple Fuzzy-PI output voltage control design of a buck converter in Matlab. The second is the result of comparing the response of the traditional PI control system with the designed Fuzzy-PI hybrid control. The method used is a simulation with 3 stages. This process starts from the design of the Fuzzy-PI controller, simulation test with 3 scenarios, and verification with a comparison, namely the PI controller. The purpose of the simulation is to see the response of the system to changes in input voltage, reference voltage, and load resistance. Based on the test results, it is known that the Fuzzy-PI control is better than the PI control in maintaining the stability of the buck converter output voltage at every parameter change. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.50703 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Muhammad Mahda Winasis, Hanifah Rahmi Fajrin, Wisnu Kartika Pages: 28 - 33 Abstract: Congregational prayer for the Muslim is a prayer done together at least consisting of an Imam (leader of congregation) and Makmum (participants/followers). In carrying out congregational prayers, the deaf frequently struggle to follow the Imam's movement. Therefore, a tool is required to help the deaf in performing congregational prayers. In the previous tools, there are several shortcomings in terms of short data transmission and disability to distinguish the vibrations in each prayer movement. The short data transmission distance causes the deaf to be less optimal in carrying out congregational prayers because vibration notifications is not conveyed from Imam to Makmum. In this study, a tool will be designed to guide the deaf when performing congregational prayers. This tool uses the HC-12 wireless module to transmit data from the Imam’s device to Makmum’s. Changes in prayer position will be detected by the MPU 6050 gyroscope sensor. The tool will send notifications to the deaf Makmum in separate vibrations for any changes in the Imam 's movement. After testing on 30 different people, the accuracy value is 85.3% and the tool can transmit data at a maximum distance of 30 meters. As a result, the tool can assist the deaf in performing worship services. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.52449 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Denda Dewatama, Siswoko Siswoko, Hari Kurnia Safitri, Oktriza Melfazen Pages: 34 - 39 Abstract: High intensity of sunlight in Indonesia (up to 10 hours per day) is a great opportunity to be utilized as renewable energy by absorbing solar energy using solar panels. The absorbed solar energy is channeled into a DC/DC converter circuit with a Cuk converter topology so that it can be used with small current ripples. The Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) method is needed to get optimum power from solar panels. To optimize the MPPT value, its performance is supported by using the Firefly Algorithm (FFA). This study focused on observing changes in FFA parameters, i.e., firefly populations and random parameters to generate optimal power on Cuk converter topology with MPPT method. FFA embedded in microcontrollers has successfully optimized MPPT performance with the best response obtained in the firefly population = 25, absorption coefficient (γ) = 0.5, random value (α) = 0.6, iteration = 10, with an optimal power of 25.7 Watts. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.52461 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Ferdyanto Ferdyanto, Ade Fikri Fauzi, Mufti Ahmad Fadilah, James Julian, Armansyah Armansyah Pages: 40 - 45 Abstract: Amplifier is used as an input waveform amplifier by increasing the voltage using an IC power supply. TDA2030 is an amplifier IC with an Output Transformer Less (OTL) type. The amplifier can operate with a voltage of 12 Volt, 1.5 Ampere. The circuit design process uses Proteus software with a universal reference to the TDA2030 datasheet. Proteus experimental results can be seen by simulating the frequency response. Frequency response tests were carried out to obtain filter used for assemble the circuit to produce an ideal Band-pass filter. Then using Digital Oscilloscope, we can observe difference between waves getting emphasis and those they are not. The objective of this study is to determine the value of capacitor C3 with a good (frequency cut low). Changing value of C3 can produce the desired BPF output. In the experiment, capacitor C3 0.1uf obtained emphasizes low frequencies between 0-250 Hz. Values of C3 with good BPF 47uf and 100uf because the output produced good bass frequency and is suitable for use because the emphasis occurs between 0-5 Hz. On the amplifier IC TDA2030 has made, capacitor C3 with values 47uf and 100uf ideal to be used as BPF because the filter works in a balanced way. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.52576 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Aji Nur Widyanto, Rahmat Ariwidayat, Faiz Husnayaian, Amien Rahardjo, Agus R Utomo, I Made Ardita Pages: 46 - 51 Abstract: The development of renewable energy is carried out to reduce the use of fossil energy, which is decreasing in existence, increasing in price, and having a very long recovery cycle. One of the uses of technology to support renewable energy development is a synchronous machine that can be used to utilize wind and water energy. One type of synchronous machine that is widely used today is the radial flux machine. However, there is a saturation point in their development. Axial flux machines also called disc type machines, are an alternative to radial flux machines due to their compact shape and high-power density. Axial flux machines can be operated as small to medium-scale power plants. Besides that, they are ideal for low-speed applications. An axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator is designed and built in this study. This generator design consists of a dual rotor with twelve permanent magnets and a single stator with nine coils. The primary material used for the stator and rotor is acrylic, while the permanent magnet uses neodymium N52. It is necessary to know the stator and rotor parameters such as distribution factor (kd), pitch factor (kp), and winding factor (kw) for designing the AFMP generator. The AFPM generator is designed to produce a phase voltage of 4.03 V at a nominal speed of 500 r/min. Based on the measurement results, it was found that the phase voltages at a rotating speed of 500 r/min for each phase are VR = 2.94 V, VS = 2.97 V, and VT = 2.95 V. There are differences in the test results and the design. It can be caused by design simplicity that does not consider magnetic saturation and internal reactance, which cannot be ignored but is not included in the calculation. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.53048 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Kah Jing Wong, Filbert H Juwono, Regina Reine Pages: 52 - 59 Abstract: The goal of 6G communication networks requires higher transmission speeds, tremendous data processing, and low-latency communication. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), which is widely utilized in 5G communication systems, may be a viable alternative for 6G. It significantly reduces inter symbol interference (ISI) in the frequency-selective fading environment. Channel estimation is critical in OFDM to optimize system performance. Deep learning has been employed as an appealing alternative for channel estimation and signal detection in OFDM-based communication systems due to its better potential for feature learning and representation. In this study, we examine the deep neural network (DNN) layers created from long-short term memory (LSTM) for detecting the signals by learning the received signal as well as channel information. We investigate the performance of the system under various conditions. The simulation results show that the signal bit error (SER) is equivalent to and better than that of the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and least square (LS) methods. PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.53962 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Uli Watini, Rudi Kurnianto, M Ismail Yusuf, Purwoharjono Purwoharjono Pages: 60 - 66 Abstract: The use of 24 and 30 FL for classrooms (9×8 m) and libraries (10×8 m), respectively, at SMP Negeri 25 Pontianak has not satisfied the lumen standard according to SNI 03-6575-2001. Replacing FL with LED requires calculation of budgets and lumen, including optimization of lamp distance configuration. Thus, replacing FL with LED through an adapted lumen of SNI 03-6575-2001 standard will need 15 and 20 lamps for classrooms and library, respectively. Later, the position of the LED placement has been optimized with the help of a genetic algorithm (GA) and drawing the lamp configuration using Dialux. Before optimization, the calculation result of luminaires for the classroom is 262 lux with a distance of x1 = 1.8 m and x2 = 2.67 m. After optimization, it is obtained that Eav = 283.513 lux and the distance between lamps x1 = 1.586 m and x2 = 2.67 m. The luminaire of library room before optimization is 322 lux, with a distance of x1 = 2 m and x2 = 2 m. After optimization the Eav is 384.9569 lux with x1 = 1.9119 m and x2 = 1.9 m. The lumen standard of replacing FL with LED has complied with SNI with cheaper procurement costs, i.e., for FL Rp.45,152,860.80 and for LED Rp.41,778,528.00 (saving Rp. 3,374,332.80). PubDate: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v14i1.53979 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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