Authors:Rajendra Prasad Madepogu, Krishna Reddy Desireddy Pages: 5 - 12 Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is the new research paradigm which has gained a great significance due to its widespread applicability in diverse fields. Due to the open nature of communication and control, the IoT network is more susceptible to several security threats. Hence the IoT network requires a trust aware mechanism which can identify and isolate the malicious nodes. Trust Sensing has been playing a significant role in dealing with security issue in IoT. A novel a Light Weight Clustered Trust Sensing (LWCTS) model is developed which ensures a secured and qualitative data transmission in the IoT network. Simulation experiments are conducted over the proposed model and the performance is compared with existing models. The obtained results prove the effectiveness when compared with existing approaches. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Rendy Munadi, Sussi Sussi, Nurwulan Fitriyanti, Dadan Nur Ramadan Pages: 13 - 18 Abstract: Abstract— The invasive method of medically checking hemoglobin level in human body by taking the blood sample of the patient requiring a long time and injuring the patient is seen impractical. A non-invasive method of measuring hemoglobin levels, therefore, is made by applying the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and the Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation (ANN-BP) algorithm with the Internet of Things-based HTTP protocol to achieve the high accuracy and the low end-to-end delay. Based on tests conducted on a Noninvasive Hemoglobin measuring device connected to Cloud Things Speak, the prediction process using algorithm by means of Python programming based on Android application could work well. The result of this study showed that the accuracy of the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm was 94.01%; higher than that of the Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation algorithm by 92.45%. Meanwhile, the end-to-end delay was at 6.09 seconds when using the KNN algorithm and at 6.84 seconds when using Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation Algorithm. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Adrian Lipowski, Paweł Majewski, Sławomir Pluta Pages: 19 - 26 Abstract: In this article, an analysis of an innovative system for filtering signals in the audible range (16 Hz - 20 kHz) on programmable logic devices using a filters with a finite impulse response, is presented. Mentioned system was neat combination of software and hardware platform, where in the program layer a multiple programming languages including VHDL, JavaScript, Matlab or HTML were used to create completely useful application. To determine the coefficients of polynomial filters the Matlab Filter Design & Analysis Tool was used. Thanks to the developed graphic layer, a user-friendly interface was created, which allows easily transfer the required coefficients from the computer to the executive system. The practical implementation made on the FPGA platform, specifically on the Altera DE2-115 development kit with the FPGA Cyclone IV, was compared with simulation realization of Matlab FIR filters. The performed research confirm the effectiveness of filtration in real time with up to 128th order of the filter for both audio channels simultaneously in FPGA-based system. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Kehinde Ogunyanda, Theo Swart, Opeyemi Olayinka Ogunyanda Pages: 27 - 33 Abstract: Channel coding provides numerous advantages to digital communications. One of such advantages is error correcting capabilities. This, however, comes at the expense of coding rate, which is a function of the codebook’s cardinality C or number of coded information bits and the codeword length M. In order to achieve high coding rate, we hereby report a channel coding approach that is capable of error correction under power line communications (PLC) channel conditions, with permutation coding as the coding scheme of choice. The approach adopts the technique of unequal error correction for binary codes, but with the exception that non-binary permutation codes are employed here. As such, certain parts of the information bits are coded with permutation symbols, while transmitting other parts uncoded. Comparisons with other conventional permutation codes are presented, with the proposed scheme exhibiting a relatively competitive performance in terms of symbol error rate. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Iman Ben Issa, Mohamed Essaaidi Pages: 35 - 40 Abstract: A novel compact Ultra-Wide-Band Planar Inverted-L antenna is presented and investigated in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a square planar radiating element with a U-shaped slot. The radiating element is supported by a shorting wall, and fed by a single 50 Ohms characteristic impedance microstripe line, printed on the top of the FR-4 substrate. The ground plane of the antenna is printed on the other side of the substrate. The entire antenna occupies only a small volume of 20mm × 35mm × 4mm, and is capable of operating from 4.2GHz to 8.6GHz (68.75%) and offers a maximum gain of 5.24dB. Therefore, it is suitable for UWB systems and other wireless and mobile technologies and, thus, can be integrated into smartwatch, mobile phones, tablets and laptops. The design of this antenna was carried out using 3D software such as CST studio and Ansoft HFSS to compare and validate the results. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Aisya Nur Aulia Yusuf, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli Pages: 41 - 46 Abstract: Wireless communication is a fundamental requirement because of its low cost, high flexibility and convenience, continuing improvements in speed and connectivity, and accessibility in remote areas. One example is very small aperture terminal (VSAT) communication. A VSAT is a two-way satellite ground station operating at C-band and Ku-band frequencies, with linear and circular polarization in the C band and linear polarization in the Ku band. For the data transmitted by a satellite to be utilized by a user, the antenna on the user side must have dual-wideband and dual-polarization characteristics. In this study, a dual-polarization planar dual-wideband antenna with dimensions of 30 x 39 x 1.52 mm3 was designed using a dual-port approach. The introduction of a slot and perturbation on the patch side results in the dual-wideband characteristics of the antenna. The introduction of slots into the antenna ground results in circular polarization. The proposed antenna has resonant frequencies of 3.75 - 4.68 GHz and 5.6 - 9.3 GHz on port 1 and 3.13 - 5.72 GHz and 10.41 - 12.29 GHz on port 2, with circular polarization characteristics on port 1 and linear polarization characteristics on port 2. On port 1, the gains at frequencies of 4.2 GHz and 6.2 GHz are 3.4 dB and 4.5 dB, respectively, while on port 2, the gains at frequencies of 3.9 GHz, 6.13 GHz, and 11.8 GHz are 2.12 dB, 2.52 dB, and 6.13 dB, respectively. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Kajol Chandra Paul, Anis Ahmed Pages: 47 - 56 Abstract: For high speed downlinking of payload data from small satellites, a new 4×4 aperture coupled microstrip patch array antenna has been presented. The antenna is designed for the Ku band and a peak gain of 18.0 dBi is achieved within the impedance bandwidth from 11.75 GHz to 12.75 GHz. Wide bandwidth is achieved as the patch elements are excited through E-shaped slots having asymmetric side lengths and widths. Each square patch element of the array with truncated corners and appropriately placed slots generates right hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation with very high cross- polarization discrimination. A corporate feed network consisting of T-junctions and quarter-wave impedance transformers is developed to feed the array elements from a single coaxial port of 50 Ω. To improve the radiation from the patches and wave- guiding in the feed network, two types of Rogers substrates with different dielectric constant and thickness are considered. Our proposed microstrip patch array antenna of size 7.8 cm × 6.4 cm × 0.3 cm can perform efficiently with a downlink data rate as high as 4.6 Gbps for small satellites. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Artur Jan Hłobaż Pages: 57 - 62 Abstract: The paper presents analysis of the possibility of using selected hash functions submitted for the SHA-3 competition in the SDEx encryption method. The group of these functions will include the finalists of the SHA-3 competition, i.e. BLAKE, Grøstl, JH, Keccak, Skein. The aim of the analysis is to develop more secure and faster cryptographic algorithm compared to the current version of the SDEx method with SHA-512 and the AES algorithm. When considering the speed of algorithms, mainly the software implementation will be taken into account, as it is the most commonly used. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Milosz W Romaniuk, Joanna Teresa Łukasiewicz-Wieleba Pages: 63 - 68 Abstract: The article concerns the opinion on stationary and remote examinations carried out during a pandemic, perceived from the perspective of examiners. The aim of the study was to find out about the perspective of academic teachers on remote examination at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and to compare it with the traditional, stationary exams. The subject of the research were, inter alia, the forms of checking knowledge and skills used by lecturers, the motivations driving their choice, problems arising during the exams, as well as the way of taking into account the special needs of the examinees. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that, according to the lecturers, the students' independence during remote exams is smaller and the intensity of using unauthorized help by them is greater. Remote exams generate more problems - technical and related to the dishonesty of students. Lecturers hardly recognize and take into account the special educational needs of students during remote exams. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Milosz W Romaniuk, Joanna Teresa Łukasiewicz-Wieleba Pages: 69 - 75 Abstract: The article concerns the opinion on stationary and remote examinations carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived from the perspective of the assessed students. The study aimed to find out about the students' perspective on remote final and midterm exams at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and to attempt to compare it with the traditional examination. The subject of the research was, among others, the forms of checking knowledge and skills, problems arising during the exams, as well as the way of taking into account the special needs of the exam-takers. The students' opinions on the above-mentioned issues and their preferences regarding the examination situation were taken into account. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that students during remote exams declare a higher level of stress related to potential technical problems, and in the case of stationary examinations the problem is chaos, noise and distraction. Regardless of the form of the exam, a similar percentage of students declare that they do not cheat - 73.53% during full-time exams, 68.49% pass fair during remote exams. The most common form of cheating during remote examinations is the use of previously prepared notes (21.85%), and 2.52% use the help of colleagues. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Diana Jingle, Shylu Sam, Mano Paul, Ananth Jude, Daniel Selvaraj Pages: 77 - 82 Abstract: In this paper, we design and analyse the Circuit for Grover’s Quantum Search Algorithm on 2, 3 and 4-qubit systems, in terms of number of gates, representation of state vectors and measurement probability for the state vectors. We designed, examined and simulated the quantum circuit on IBM Q platform using Quantum Programming Studio. We present the theoretical implementation of the search algorithm on different qubit systems. We observe that our circuit design for 2 and 4-qubit systems are precise and do not introduce any error while experiencing a small error to our design of 3-qubit quantum system. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Valerii Volosyuk, Simeon Zhyla, Vladimir Pavlikov, Nikolay Ruzhentsev, Eduard Tserne, Anatoliy Popov, Oleksandr Shmatko, Kostiantyn Dergachov, Olena Havrylenko, Ivan Ostroumov, Nataliia Kuzmenko, Olga Sushchenko, Yuliya Averyanova, Maksym Zaliskyi, Oleksandr Solomentsev, Borys Kuznetsov, Tatyana Nikitina Pages: 83 - 89 Abstract: Within the maximum likelihood method an optimal algorithm for polarization target selection against the background of interfering signal reflected from the earth’s surface is synthesized. The algorithm contains joint operations of spectral interference rejection and their polarization compensation by means of certain combinations of interchannel subtraction of signals of different polarizations. The physical features of the elements of the polarization scattering matrix are investigated for the technical implementation of the synthesized algorithm.
Authors:Pearly Princess, Alfred Kirubaraj, Christina Sophia, senith S, Jino Ramson Pages: 91 - 96 Abstract: Phase shift interferometry (PSI) derived from interference technique as greater surface characterization technique based on the interference informationrecorded during a controlled phase shift. This research shows the development of micro/nano structures using phase shift interferometry. (PSI) is the process of developing the complex pattern structure using variable phase angle between two or more beams aligned to obtain functional aperiodic arrays. We have designed and modelled the PSI and simulated through MATLAB in 2D and 3D pattern structures. The PSI was performed in two process analysis. First, without PSI referring normal interference technique. Second, with PSI referring position of laser beams in quadrant based alignment. The obtained results show the minimum feature structure was measured as 12 nm. This feature size developed under phase shift interferometry (PSI) produces minimum feature size compared to the existing interferometry technique. This study gives the promising increased fabrication area could develop large area arrays structures. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Jabbar Shaati Jahlool Pages: 97 - 102 Abstract: In this research, a multi-tasking protection and control device has been designed and implemented has the ability to control and manage automatically the supply of electrical power from various sources to electric appliances connected to the light loading line (3L). At the same time, providing comprehensive protection for the appliances by delaying the supply of power for short period of time during the moment of conversion from one source to other in order to protect it from damage. The mechanism working of the proposed device depends on detecting the problem, diagnosing it and choosing the appropriate solution for it, and then organizing the supply from the appropriate source, and as a result ensure power supply to home appliances. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Sylwester Bułka, Zbigniew Zimek Pages: 103 - 108 Abstract: Ongoing energy measurement is one of the parameters such as: electron beam current, transporter speed, or scanning width, that must be recorded according to the conditions imposed in the accelerator validation procedure. Described measurement method based on the use of a secondary electron collecting electrode has been tested at the electron beam linear accelerator installation typically used for radiation sterilization. Data processing and presentation of the electron beam characteristics is based on the information obtained via dedicated pulse acquisition interface. The energy spectra parameters provide data for modeling and calculation of dose distribution for irradiation process optimization and also knowledge of accelerator RF alignment in case of service. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Wameedh Riyadh Abdul-Adheem, Ali Jasim Ghaffoori Pages: 109 - 114 Abstract: In this paper, the performance of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes is improved, which leads to reduce the complexity of hard-decision Bit-Flipping (BF) decoding by utilizing the Artificial Spider Algorithm (ASA). The ASA is used to solve the optimization problem of decoding thresholds. Two decoding thresholds are used to flip multiple bits in each round of iteration to reduce the probability of errors and accelerate decoding convergence speed while improving decoding performance. These errors occur every time the bits are flipped. Then, the BF algorithm with a low-complexity optimizer only requires real number operations before iteration and logical operations in each iteration. The ASA is better than the optimized decoding scheme that uses the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed scheme can improve the performance of wireless network applications with good proficiency and results. Simulation results show that the ASA-based algorithm for solving highly nonlinear unconstrained problems exhibits fast decoding convergence speed and excellent decoding performance. Thus, it is suitable for applications in broadband wireless networks. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Andrzej Marek Borys Pages: 115 - 122 Abstract: In this paper, a new proof of ambiguity of the formula describing the aliasing and folding effects in spectra of sampled signals is presented. It uses the model of non-ideal sampling operation published by Vetterli et al. Here, their model is modified and its black-box equivalent form is achieved. It is shown that this modified model delivers the same output sequences but of different spectral properties. Finally, a remark on two possible understandings of the operation of non-ideal sampling is enclosed. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Thomas Harty, Sébastien Bourdeauducq, Robert Jördens, David Allcock, David Nadlinger, Joseph Britton, Ana Sotirova, Dorota Nowicka Pages: 123 - 128 Abstract: We describe Urukul, a frequency synthesizer based on direct digital synthesis (DDS), optimized for wave generate control in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics experiments. The Urukul module is a part of the Sinara family of modular, open-source hardware designed for the ARTIQ quantum operating system. The Urukul has 4-channel, sub-Hz frequency resolution, controlled phase steps and accurate output amplitude control. The module is available in two population variants. This paper presents Urukul module construction and obtained characteristics PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Thair Ali Salih Pages: 129 - 136 Abstract: Chaos is an active topic of study in the field of secure communication systems that have garnered much consideration in recent years because of excessive sensitivity to a simple change in its initial conditions. In this paper, the essential features of the suggested WINDMI chaotic system like the phase portraits of the attractors, bifurcation, PSD, correlation, and balance property of the windmi chaotic system have been depicted in detail through MATLAB tools simulations and circuital application. The bifurcation examination detects a wealthy and attractive characteristic of the proposed windmi chaotic oscillators such as periodical multiple bifurcations, has two stable states chaotic demeanor, periodical windows, and recapture bifurcations. In this paper, after exploring the dynamic features of the windmi chaos paradigm, a practical chaotic circuit is implemented on the fpaa chip. Eventually, the circuit practical results of the windmi chaotic attractors present similarities with numerical simulations. The importance of the work is reflected in the use of field programmable analog array in the implementation of the windmi oscillator, and the possibility of varying the initial condition during the operation of the system. An unlimited number of signals can be generated, which enables it to be used as an oscillator utilized in many transceiver systems, that utilized an unlimited number of signals. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Nawal Al Amri, Zia Nadir, Hassan Al Lawati, Mohammed Bait Suwailam Pages: 137 - 143 Abstract: Estimating the pathloss and signal strength of the transmitted signal at specific distances is one of the main objectives of network designers. This paper aims to provide generalized pathloss models appropriate for urban areas in Muscat the capital city of the Sultanate of Oman environment. The research includes studying different models of pathloss for the 4G cellular network at Muttrah Business District (MBD) at Muscat. Different models (Free Space model, Okumura Hata, Extended Sakagami, Cost231 Hata, ECC-33 Hata – Okumura extended, Ericsson, Egli, and SUI) are used with 800MHz. The results of the prediction models are compared with real measured data by calculating RMSE. The generalized models are created by modified original models to get accepted RMSE values. Different cells at MBD are tested by modified models. The RMSE values are then calculated for verification purposes. To validate the modified pathloss models of 4G, they are also applied at different cells in different cities in the capital. They have approximately the same environment as MBD. The modified pathloss models provided accepted predictions in new locations. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Uthumansa Ahamed, Shantha Dewsiri Fernando Pages: 145 - 152 Abstract: Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a type of Ad hoc network. General properties of MANET open the network to various security threats. Network layer-based Active attacks are widespread and destructive. Available security solutions contain complex calculations. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose a lightweight security mechanism to enhance the security of data communications between source and destination nodes in a MANET from network layer-based active attack. Blackhole is used as a network layer-based Active attack. The network performance is evaluated using Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End-to-End Delay (AEED), Throughput, and Simulation Processing Time at Intermediate Nodes (SPTIN). The controller network was used to compare the performance of each network. During the experiment due to the impact of the blackhole attack, compared to the controller network, the PDR was found to be 0.28%, AEED was infinity and Throughput was 0.33%. The performance of the proposed security mechanism was compared with that of the controller network, and the values of PDR, AEED, Throughput, and SPTIN were found to be 98.0825%, 100.9346%, 99.9988%, and 96.5660%, respectively. The data packet delivery ratio was 100.00% compared to that of the controller network. The network that was affected by a blackhole attack showed a higher amount of ADDR than the controller network and the lowest amount of PDR. The network that was affected by the blackhole showed underperformance compared to the controller network. The proposed security mechanism performs well in PDR, AEED, and Throughput compared to the controller network. The AEED and SPTIN values prove that the proposed solution is free from complex calculations. The scope of the solution can be expanded into a lightweight Intruder Detection System to handle different types of security attacks in MANETs. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Maciej Krzysztof Soszka Pages: 153 - 160 Abstract: Nowadays, there is a trend to employ adaptive so- lutions in mobile communication. The adaptive transmission sys- tems seem to answer the need for highly reliable communication that serves high data rates. For efficient adaptive transmission, the future Channel State Information (CSI) has to be known. The various prediction methods can be applied to estimate the future CSI. However, each method has its bottlenecks. The task is even more challenging while considering the future 5G/6G communi- cation where the employment of sub-6 GHz and millimetre waves (mmWaves) in narrow-band, wide-band and ultra-wide-band transmission is considered. Thus, we describe the differences between sub-6 GHz/mmWave and narrow-band/wide-band/ultra- wide-band channel prediction, provide a comprehensive overview of available prediction methods, discuss its performance and analyse the opportunity to use them in sub-6 GHz and mmWave systems. We select Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as the most promising technique for future CSI prediction and propose optimising one of its parameters - the number of input features, which was not yet considered as an opportunity to improve the performance of CSI prediction. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Ananthakrishna Thalengala, Anitha Hoblidar, Girisha S Tumkur Pages: 161 - 166 Abstract: Speech recognition system extract the textual data from the speech signal. The research in speech recognition domain is challenging due to the large variabilities involved with the speech signal. Variety of signal processing and machine learning techniques have been explored to achieve better recognition accuracy. Speech is highly non-stationary in nature and therefore analysis is carried out by considering short time-domain window or frame. In the speech recognition task, cepstral (Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC)) features are commonly used and are extracted for short time-frame. The effectiveness of features depend upon duration of the time-window chosen. The present study is aimed at investigation of optimal time-window duration for extraction of cepstral features in the context of speech recognition task. A speaker independent speech recognition system for the Kannada language has been considered for the analysis. In the current work, speech utterances of Kannada news corpus recorded from different speakers have been used to create speech database. The hidden Markov tool kit (HTK) has been used to implement the speech recognition system. The MFCC along with their first and second derivative coefficients are considered as feature vectors. Pronunciation dictionary required for the study has been built manually for mono-phone system. Experiments have been carried out and results have been analyzed for different time-window lengths. The overlapping Hamming window has been considered in this study. The best average word recognition accuracy of 61.58% has been obtained for a window length of 110 msec duration. This recognition accuracy is comparable with the similar work found in literature. The experiments have shown that best word recognition performance can be achieved by tuning the window length to its optimum value. PubDate: 2022-02-26 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Yassine Sabri, Fadoua Bahja, Henk Pet Pages: 167 - 172 Abstract: With the rapid development of remote sensingl technology, our ability to obtain remote sensing data hasl been improved to an unprecedented level. We have enteredl an era of big data. Remote sensing data clear showing thel characteristics of Big Data such as hyper spectral, highl spatial resolution, and high time resolution, thus, resultingl in a significant increase in the volume, variety, velocity andl veracity of data.This paper and in view of the current issues of remote sensing data integration, we proposed an OODT-based data integration framework. Specifically, aiming at heterogeneous features of multi-source remote sensing data, we proposed an ISO 19115-2:2009-based metadata transform method to achieve unity of metadata format in the distributed sub-centers. Constructingl a distributed executed engine based on dask ensures thel efficient analysis of large-scale RS data. This work couldl provide a convenient and efficient multidimensional datal services for many remote sens-ing applications.l PubDate: 2022-03-08 Issue No:Vol. 68, No. 1 (2022)
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