 Subjects -> ELECTRONICS (Total: 207 journals)
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- MRF volume 15 issue 3 Cover and Front matter
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Pages: 1 - 2
PubDate: 2023-05-05
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078723000569
- MRF volume 15 issue 3 Cover and Back matter
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Pages: 1 - 1
PubDate: 2023-05-05
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078723000570
- Balanced quasi-elliptic-type dual-passband filters using planar
transversal coupled-line sections and their digital modeling-
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Authors: Yang; Li, Malki, Mohamed, Muñoz-Ferreras, José-María, Gómez-García, Roberto
Pages: 365 - 374
Abstract: A class of balanced dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) with planar transversal-signal-interference coupled-line sections is reported. In their building balanced dual-band BPF stage under differential-mode excitation, a second-order quasi-elliptic-type dual-band bandpass filtering transfer function is obtained. Specifically, from the transversal interaction among their two open-ended and virtually-short-ended half-wavelength coupled-line paths, sharp-rejection differential-mode dual passbands with several out-of-band transmission zeros at both sides are realized. To attain high common-mode suppression levels within the differential-mode passbands, two open-ended line segments are connected at the symmetry plane of the devised balanced dual-band BPF stage. Moreover, higher-order schemes based on in-series-cascaded multi-stage designs to further increase differential-mode selectivity and in-band common-mode rejection are illustrated. The operational principles and parametric-analysis design rules of the engineered transversal-coupled-line-based balanced dual-band BPF approach are detailed. Additionally, for a rigorous interpretation of their zero/pole characteristics, a digital-modeling framework is applied to them to connect RF balanced filters with their discrete-time versions. For practical-validation purposes, a microstrip prototype of two-stage/fourth-order balanced dual-band BPF is built and tested. It exhibits measured differential-mode dual passbands with center frequencies of 1.464 GHz and 2.294 GHz, 3-dB fractional bandwidths of 8.74% and 9.68%, and in-band common-mode rejection levels above 23.16 dB and 31.36 dB, respectively.
PubDate: 2022-06-24
DOI: 10.1017/S175907872200071X
- Design of miniaturized single and dual-band bandpass filters using
diamond-shaped coupled line resonator for next-generation wireless systems
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Authors: Mushtaq; Bilal, Khalid, Sohail
Pages: 375 - 383
Abstract: This paper presents a multi-mode resonator (MMR) for next-generation wireless systems that achieves single and dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) responses using a split-ring dual-path structure. The proposed BPF design is realized by employing two pairs of parallel couple lines and two symmetrical step-impedance open-circuited stubs (SIOCS). SIOCS are used to improve selectivity and increase the number of transmission zeros/poles. The proposed single-band BPF exhibits an ultra-wideband (UWB) response having a center frequency of 7.5 GHz, a minimum insertion loss of less than 0.48 dB, and a maximum return loss of 25.35 dB. The proposed UWB BPF has a stopband suppression of 39.34 dB up to 18 GHz and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 48.23%. Moreover, a dual-band BPF has been accomplished by utilizing the same architecture while slightly changing the MMR structure and adding more coupling. The center frequency (bandwidth) of the dual broadband BPF is 7.40 GHz (2.40 GHz) and 14.15 GHz (1.7 GHz), respectively. The measured minimum insertion loss is less than 0.23 dB and a return loss of less than 16.8 dB with 3 dB FBWs of 32.4 and 12.1%. Finally, two prototypes are fabricated to validate the proposed characteristics. The BPF's simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
PubDate: 2022-12-29
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722001416
- High efficiency 35 GHz MMICs based on 0.2 μm AlGaN/GaN HEMT
technology-
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Authors: Cankaya Akoglu; Busra, Sutbas, Batuhan, Ozbay, Ekmel
Pages: 384 - 392
Abstract: In this paper, two high efficiency monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are demonstrated using NANOTAM's in-house Ka-band fabrication technology. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with 0.2  m gate lengths are characterized, and an output power density of 2.9 W/mm is achieved at 35 GHz. A three-stage driver amplifier MMIC is designed, which has a measured gain higher than 19.3 dB across the frequency band of 33–36 GHz. The driver amplifier exhibits 31.9 dB output power and 26.5% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 35 GHz using 20 V supply voltage with 30% duty cycle. Another two-stage MMIC is realized as a power amplifier with a total output gate periphery of 1.8 mm. The output power and PAE of the power amplifier are measured as 3.91 W and 26.3%, respectively, at 35 GHz using 20 V supply voltage with 30% duty cycle. The high efficiency MMICs presented in this paper exhibit the capabilities of NANOTAM's 0.2  m AlGaN/GaN on SiC technology.
PubDate: 2022-06-16
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000617
- Doherty power amplifier output networks with maximized bandwidth
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Authors: Alemdar; Sinan, Atalar, Abdullah
Pages: 393 - 409
Abstract: A method is presented to optimize the combining network and the post-matching network of a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) for maximizing the bandwidth. For widely applicable results, RF power transistors are approximated in the large-signal regime using a simple analytical model with a few parameters. A definition of bandwidth of DPA is given, which involves gain and efficiency at full-power and 6 dB backoff. Different combining network topologies are compared in terms of this bandwidth definition. The element values are optimized using two factors, one to scale the combining node impedance and the other to scale the impedance seen by the transistors. For each optimized topology, explicit formulas are given resulting in the element values in terms of the optimized values and a few transistor parameters. The method presented also leads to a proper selection of the post-matching network.
PubDate: 2022-04-06
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000381
- Signal fusion research in passive radar based on polarization diversity
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Authors: Yi; Yucheng, Zhu, Lu, Cao, Xiaomao
Pages: 410 - 423
Abstract: Polarization diversity technology is an effective method to improve the detection performance of passive radar systems, but the related papers mainly conduct research on the polarization diversity in interference suppression, and there are few studies focusing on the polarization characteristics of the target itself. The work in this paper is divided into two parts. The first part is going to investigate the potential benefits of signal fusion in target polarization-scattering characteristic. The analysis results show that the cross-polarized component of the target scattered echo is not always weaker than the co-polarized component, and the polarization amplitude ratio value is mostly concentrated near 1. This indicates that polarization signal fusion will likely improve target detection performance. The other part introduces a polarization signal fusion method based on the non-coherent integration (P-NCI), but this method is susceptible to the influence of the difference in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal of each polarization channel, resulting in a reduction in the SNR of the fusion signal. The polarization signal fusion method based on adaptive weighting (AW-PSF) can effectively improve the robustness of signal fusion. The experimental results show that AW-PSF has better detection performance compared with single-polarization channel and P-NCI.
PubDate: 2022-02-24
DOI: 10.1017/S175907872200023X
- An adaptive approach for the detection of contrast targets for the
through-wall imaging-
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Authors: Bivalkar; Mandar K., Pandey, Sashwat, Singh, Dharmendra
Pages: 424 - 439
Abstract: Through-wall imaging is capable of detecting various living and non-living things behind the wall. The characteristics of the wall under the investigation, amount of clutter and noise govern the quality and reliability of the image as well as the detection ability of the targets using through the wall imaging system. The characteristics of the wall are not known prior, in the literature only the intensity profile is investigated for the unknown wall characteristics using a single dielectric target and the effect of the wall characteristics on the contrast imaging and impact on time or frequency domain features are not investigated. The target with less dielectric is having less reflectivity; hence its detection in the presence of a high reflective target and a noisy environment becomes difficult. In this paper, to enhance the detection ability of the imaging system attenuation constant (α) of the wall is estimated with the proposed wall parameter estimation methods and used as a normalizing factor. To achieve effective beamforming different weighting strategies are developed and the obtained images are compared with the traditional beamforming. Furthermore, a novel approach to finding the effective rank in the low-rank estimation using a statistical model and multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed for de-noising.
PubDate: 2022-07-12
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000733
- A novel modified circular ring-based broadband polarization-insensitive
angular stable circuit analog absorber (CAA) for RCS applications-
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Authors: Shukoor; Mohammad Abdul, Dey, Sukomal
Pages: 440 - 453
Abstract: In this study, a compact modified circular ring-based circuit analog absorber (CAA) is proposed. It comprises a resistor-loaded frequency selective surface (FSS) underneath an FR-4 substrate, and the other end is terminated with a perfect electric conductor (PEC) separated by an air-spacer. The proposed design shows a minimum −10 dB reflectance from 10.55 to 36.03 GHz (25.48 GHz bandwidth and 109.4% fractional bandwidth) with two dips at 13.5 GHz and 35.23 GHz having reflectivity −17.18 dB and −24.9 dB, respectively. The existing four-fold circular symmetry architecture shows insensitivity for different polarization angles under normal incidences and up to 45° stability for Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes under oblique incidences. The proposed cell is compact with a periodicity of 0.193λL, and a thickness of 0.09λL, where λL is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the absorption band. The novelty of the design lies in the topology of using an underneath FSS to take advantage of effective permittivity control for both broader bandwidth and better angular stability. To demonstrate the ability of the proposed design, a 28 GHz microstrip patch antenna prototype is fabricated, and its radar cross section (RCS) is measured after loading with the absorber. A 15.15 dBsm RCS reduction is observed in comparison with the PEC. The authors strongly believe that the proposed design has potential applications such as RCS reduction and radio-frequency energy harvesting.
PubDate: 2022-03-07
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000228
- A surface deformation measurement algorithm for reflector antennas based
on complex geometrical optics-
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Authors: Wang; Boyang, Ye, Qian, Fu, Li, Meng, Guoxiang, Liu, Qinghui, Shen, Zhiqiang
Pages: 454 - 464
Abstract: This paper presents a new method to reveal the relation between the surface deformation and near-field amplitude of a reflector antenna based on complex geometrical optics, which could be used as an efficient way to estimate the antenna surface verified by simulation results. The measurement process based on this method is envisaged to be realized by a single scanning of the near-field amplitude which would overcome many limitations of radio holography and phase retrieval methods such as the frequency and elevation. The largest source of error in the original deformation-amplitude equation (DAE) has been corrected by considering the Gaussian feed as a complex point source. To track the ray trajectory so that the improved DAE could be solved, an iteration method including a golden section search algorithm is designed to make the solution converge. By solving the modified DAE, simulation result shows that a more accurate solution could be obtained, and the antenna surface could be recovered to a root mean square error of under 30 microns.
PubDate: 2022-07-14
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000666
- Automatic golden device selection and measurement smoothing algorithms for
microwave transistor small-signal noise modeling-
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Authors: Salnikov; Andrei S., Dobush, Igor M., Popov, Artem A., Bilevich, Dmitry V., Goryainov, Aleksandr E., Kalentyev, Alexey A., Metel, Aleksandr A.
Pages: 465 - 476
Abstract: We propose the techniques for automatic processing of measurement results in the context of golden (typical) device selection and noise figure measurement. These techniques are for golden (typical) device selection and noise figure measurement processing. Automation of measurement result processing and microwave element modeling speeds up a modeling routine and decreases the risk of possible errors. The techniques are validated through modeling of 0.15 μm GaAs pHEMTs with 4 × 40 μm and 4 × 75 μm total gate widths. Two test amplifiers were designed using the developed models. The amplifier modeling results agree well with measurements which confirms the validity of the proposed techniques. The proposed algorithm is potentially applicable to other circuit types (switches, digital, power amplifiers, mixers, oscillators, etc.) but may require different settings in those cases. However, in the presented work, we validated the algorithm for the linear and low-noise amplifiers only.
PubDate: 2022-06-16
DOI: 10.1017/S175907872200068X
- Improved feeds for log-periodic microstrip antenna arrays
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Authors: Muduli; Arjuna, Mishra, Rabindra K.
Pages: 477 - 485
Abstract: This note proposes a log-periodic microstrip antenna (LPMA), particularly after developing possible feed structures. The process develops an appropriate feed such that the LPMA can exhibit almost end-fire characteristics such as a log-periodic dipole antenna. The study simulated two LPMAs, one with five elements and the other with seven elements, followed by measurements on a five-element prototype. The five-element prototype LPMA with such a feed exhibits a bandwidth of 2.2–3 GHz. Over this band, radiation patterns remain consistent with a gain of 9.8 dBi. Simulated results follow the measured ones closely.
PubDate: 2022-03-23
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000290
- Novel circularly polarized slot array antennas with a wide 3-dB axial
ratio bandwidth based on a spindle-shaped radiating cavity-
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Authors: Wang; Hai, Lei, Xue, Duan, Tiandong, Li, Tianpeng, Gao, Jun, Zhao, Mingyang
Pages: 486 - 492
Abstract: A novel wide 3-dB axial ratio (AR) circularly polarized 2 × 2 array antenna is proposed in this paper. The spindle-shaped coupling cavity with tilted waveguide is capable of generating circular polarization waves from incident linear waves, which improves the AR bandwidth (ARBW) of the antenna. With this structure, a similar amplitude of the two orthogonal transmitted wave components and a stable phase difference of nearly 90° can be generated. The circularly polarized antenna proposed herein has been fabricated. According to the measurement results, the operating bandwidth from 5.32 to 6.13 GHz is
PubDate: 2022-03-28
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000320
- Circular polarized two-element textile antenna with high isolation and
polarization diversity for wearable applications-
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Authors: Kumar; Anubhav, De, Asok, Jain, R. K.
Pages: 493 - 501
Abstract: A two-element textile antenna with high isolation and polarization diversity is presented for 5 G communications, wearable technology and biomedical cancer detection applications. The flexible material is used with an orthogonally placed microstrip-feed radiator antenna responsible for polarization diversity. High isolation and low correlation are achieved between antenna elements with defected ground-based on diagonal and open-stubs, which perturbs the surface current and facilitates the achievement of circular polarization. The 10 dB impedance bandwidth ( S11 ) of a two-element antenna varies from 3.3 to 4.3 GHz with more than 24 dB isolation ( S21 ). The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL) of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antenna parameters are less than 0.2 and 0.35 bits/s/Hz respectively, which validates the diversity performance of the antenna.
PubDate: 2022-03-14
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000332
- Design of low profile high gain antenna using loop-based wideband
artificial magnetic conductor for UWB applications-
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Authors: Dwivedi; Ravi Prakash, Kiran Kommuri, Usha, Das, Sudipta, Lakrit, Soufian, Goyal, Vishal
Pages: 502 - 512
Abstract: In this work, a low profile ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is designed and investigated using a novel loop-based wideband artificial magnetic conductor (WB-AMC) for gain enhancement. Initially, a compact loop antenna is designed using stub loading and further optimized for the UWB range by applying curve ground methodology. The average gain of the proposed antenna without WB-AMC is 2.7 dBi. To enhance the gain of the entire UWB range, loop-based WB-AMC in [2 × 2] forms is integrated. WB-AMC is used as a ground plane beneath the antenna. To validate the performance, the UWB antenna and WB-AMC are fabricated and tested. The measured results confirm the entire UWB range. Proposed antenna provides a peak gain of 9.4 dBi and an average gain of 5.8 dBi. Vertical profile reduction of 50% is achieved compared to perfect electric conductor ground. The proposed UWB antenna is a potential candidate for UWB wireless applications due to its attractive features such as low profile, wide bandwidth coverage, omnidirectional pattern, constant high gain, and group delay.
PubDate: 2022-03-28
DOI: 10.1017/S175907872200037X
- A compact SWB MIMO antenna with 45° clock-wise square patch inclusions
for polarization diversity applications-
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Authors: Agarwal; Shobit, Sharma, Ashwani, Zuazola, Ignacio J. Garcia, Kumar, Manoj
Pages: 513 - 525
Abstract: In this paper, a compact super wideband annular ring antenna using 45° clock-wise square patch inclusions for super high frequency and polarization diversity applications is proposed. The inclusions consist of a combination of squares and circles into one another in the inner area of a main annular ring radiator. The antenna uses a partial ground plane having a stair-type defected ground structure, is designed on an FR-4 substrate, and has a total size of 25 × 26 × 1.6 mm3 (0.17λ × 0.18λ). The design was fabricated and experimental results fairly agreed with simulations and resulted in an antenna with an operating frequency from 2.07 to 30 GHz; that is, a large fractional bandwidth of 174.2 with a bandwidth (BW) ratio of 14.5:1 and a high BW dimension ratio, BW per unit electrical length of 5693, and a measured peak gain of 8 dBi with an average gain of 5 dBi for the overall operating frequency. For the polarization diversity, a 4 × 4 multiple input-multiple output configuration is additionally presented, offering an effective isolation of ≥ 22.5 dB between ports and corroborated by measurements.
PubDate: 2022-04-11
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000435
- Design of dual band-notched UWB hexagonal printed microstrip antenna
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Authors: Mukherjee; Surajit, Roy, Avisankar, Maity, Smarajit, Tewary, Tapas, Sarkar, Partha Pratim, Bhunia, Sunandan
Pages: 526 - 534
Abstract: This article presents the design and performance analysis of a printed microstrip ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna consisting of the slots in the ground plane and radiating patch. A meandered S-shaped slot has been introduced on the patch and an inverted U-shaped slot has been incorporated in the ground plane to realize the band-notch effect for WiMAX (3.2–3.8 GHz) and WLAN (5.1–5.8 GHz) bands respectively. The total dimension of the proposed design is 44 × 44 mm2. The fabricated antenna exhibits wide impedance bandwidth of 10 GHz (2.4–12.4 GHz), i.e., 135% of center frequency. The design prototype is fabricated, and the measured results have good agreement with simulated values. The effects of the slots have been analyzed by simulated surface current distribution. The designed antenna shows almost omnidirectional radiation patter and stable gain. The proposed hexagonal antenna may be suitable for UWB applications removing WiMAX and WLAN bands.
PubDate: 2022-04-13
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000447
- Current trends and future perspective of designing on-chip antennas
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Authors: Singh; Harshavardhan, Mandal, Sujit Kumar
Pages: 535 - 545
Abstract: With the evolution of 5G and 6G network architectures, the demand for highly compact system-on-chip-based devices with high data transfer capabilities has been increased significantly. While the advancement of very large-scale integration technology with the continuous scaling of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor nodes put forward to integrate different functional modules of a complete system on a single IC board, the antenna being the largest component still remains outside of the chip. Integration of the antenna and other functional modules of a system on the same chip leads to produce a really compact and economical design. Though on-chip antenna (OCAs) have several other advantages and emerging applications, they have some design challenges in terms of low gain due to losses in the substrate, requirement of miniaturization at lower microwave frequencies (LMFs) (particularly, below 10 GHz), unavailability of proper design rules, etc. In this paper, analyzing the design challenges of OCAs, their current research trends and future perspective applications are discussed.
PubDate: 2022-06-06
DOI: 10.1017/S1759078722000599
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