 Subjects -> ELECTRONICS (Total: 207 journals)
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- New MWCNT–Maleic Anhydride-Nonene-1 based Additive Material for the
Improvement of the Compressive Strength of Concrete-
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Authors: Elvin Y. Malikov
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
The concrete strengthening additive based on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes was synthesized under mild conditions through a radical polymerization route by the reaction of oxidized nanotubes with maleic anhydride and [math]-nonene monomers. The nanotubes used as the main reinforcing component of the additive were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) using Fe-Co/Al2O3 as the catalyst. The resulting nanocomposite was characterized by structural and surface morphological aspects via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, XRD and Raman techniques. Investigation of mechanical properties revealed that the obtained nanostructure is an appropriate additive material for concrete strengthening purposes with about 51.3% strengthening potential.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-03-16T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500187
- Fabrication of Transparent Green-Emitting Plastic Scintillators by the
Modified Polymerization Method-
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Authors: Chao Fan, Jiayi Zhu, Yutie Bi, Hang Yang, Hongbo Ren
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
The green-emitting plastic scintillators with high transparence, short decay time and high quantum yield were fabricated by the modified thermal polymerization procedure. The effects of different concentrations of primary and secondary fluorescent dopants on photoluminescence performance, such as fluorescence intensity, decay time and absolute quantum yield, were investigated through orthogonal experiments. The optimal formula ratio for the plastic scintillator was that the primary dopant concentration was 0.25[math]wt.% and the secondary dopant concentration was 0.03[math]wt.%. The photoluminescence decay time of the optimal sample was 3.37[math]ns, which was faster than that of EJ-260 (6.57[math]ns) and its corresponding quantum yield was 91.57%, compared to that of EJ-260 (98.59%).
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-03-15T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500175
- Double Nanoperovskite Heterojunctions Based on SI-Porous
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Authors: Kawther A. Khalaph, Zainab J. Shanan, Aqel Mashot Jafar, Falah Mustafa Al-Attar
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Solar energy is one of the main resources in our modern life. Photovoltaic panels are one of the most important technologies that make use of solar energy good because the photovoltaic cells harvest light from the sun and turn sunlight into electrical energy. This paper presents the manufacture of the solar cell from (Al/ZnO/perovskite/CuO/[math]-Psi/Al) nanostructures using the drop-casting method at a 70∘C process temperature. Perovskite (Cs4CuSb2Cl[math] nanostructures‘ structural, optical and morphological characteristics were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, UV–Vis spectrophotometer and AFM. This work generated a solar cell device with the highest energy conversion efficiency (12.49%) and filling factor of 33.7%, promising to create a high-quality polycrystalline crystal. In the current study, effective hybrid Pb-free Perovskite solar cells are explained and investigated.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-03-13T07:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500163
- Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin to Hepatoma Cells by Lactobionic
Acid-Decorated Dual Redox-Responsive Polyethylene Glycol-Doxorubicin
Nanoparticles-
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Authors: Yang Fu, Chaohui Ji, Zhiheng Ma, Defeng Xu, Hang Hu
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
In this work, we synthesized lactobionic acid-decorated diselenide-linked polyethylene glycol-doxorubicin conjugate (LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX) and prepared free DOX-loaded LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX(DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX) nanoparticles for hepatoma-targeted DOX delivery. LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX can self-assemble into nanoparticles in deionized water and DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles were prepared by loading free DOX into LA-PEG-Se-Se-DOX nanoparticles under sonication. DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles have high DOX loading content of 31.3%. The dynamic scattering analysis shows that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles have small size (hydrodynamic diameter [math][math]nm), near neutral zeta potential, and excellent colloidal stability. The in vitro drug release study indicates that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles exhibit dual redox-responsive drug release characteristics. The cellular uptake study reveals that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles can be taken up by hepatoma cells by asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-mediated pathway. Finally, DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells as compared to LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles, underlining the significance of releasing free DOX for effective tumor cell proliferation inhibition. This work provides a facile and effective strategy for targeted delivery of DOX to hepatoma cells.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-03-10T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500199
- Studying the Optical and Structural Properties and Anticancer Activity of
New PVA–Fe2O3:Cu Nanocomposite Materials-
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Authors: Amer N. Jarad, Rawnaq A. Talib, Ahmed Shayaa Kareem, Jalal Hasan Mohammed, Entidar Jasim Khmees, Karrar Hazim Salem, Rahman S. Zabibah, Mohammed Ayad Alkhafaji, Kahtan A. Mohammed, Kuldeep K. Saxena
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structure, morphology and optical properties of a newly developed hybrid structure that was generated from a Fe2O3–Cu–PVA composite matrix. Several methods, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as absorption and transmission spectra, were used to investigate the samples. The addition of copper was found to have no influence on the crystalline arrangement of PVA–Fe2O3, according to the findings of crystallography. In the wavelength region from 450[math]nm to 550 nm, the produced composites exhibit significant absorption. It is essential that the region of shorter wavelengths experiences a steady shift toward the region of maximum absorption in these composites when copper is included. The transmittance of PVA–Fe2O3 is over 80% in the region of 600–800[math]nm, making it an extremely transparent material. Following the addition of 5% by weight of copper to the nanocomposite, the transmittance of the material dropped to 50% within the same range of wavelengths. The synthesized materials were put to use as anti-cancer cells, and they demonstrated a high level of effectiveness in the process of killing tumor cells, particularly the PVA–Fe2O3–Cu combination.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-03-09T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500151
- Electrodeposition of Cadmium Selenide Based Photoanodes from
TOMAC/Formamide Ionic Liquid System for Photoelectrochemical Water
Splitting-
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Authors: Yousra Litaiem, Donia Dridi, Bechir Slimi, Radhouane Chtourou
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
The electrodeposition from room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) has recently come up as a low-cost technique for the growth of II–VI semiconductor compounds and thin films, some promising alternatives to classical organic or inorganic solvents. As a relatively new field of study, only a few reports exist describing the growth mechanism of electrodeposition from RTILs, especially for CdSe films. In this paper, a new electrochemical method has been developed for the deposition of Cadmium Selenide thin layers onto indium doped tin oxide coated conducting glass (ITO) using an RTIL and an Organic solvent system (Tricaprylmethylammonium chloride/Formamide). Structural properties of prepared films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman analysis which reveal a pure cubic phase with the zinc-blende-type structure and typical peaks of nanostructured CdSe, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed homogenous and smooth surface of the deposited films. UV-vis measurements demonstrated the presence of direct transition with a band gap energy around 1.68[math]eV. The flat-band potential and carrier density values of CdSe thin film are [math]0.667[math]V and [math][math]cm[math], respectively, as deduced from Mott–Schottky studies. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior of the CdSe thin film exhibited an enhanced photocurrent density at about 0.35[math]mA/cm2 vs. Ag/AgCl.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-03-04T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500138
- Structural, Ferroelectric and Magnetic Properties of NiTiO3–CoTiO3 Solid
Solutions Synthesized by Sol–Gel Method-
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Authors: Luong Huu Bac, Nguyen Thanh Phuong, Do Thi Kim Thoa, Nguyen Hoang Tuan, Dang Duc Dung, Tran Vu Diem Ngoc, Pham Phi Hung
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
The Ni[math]CoxTiO3[math] solid solution powders were prepared by an aqueous sol–gel method. The structural, optical, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of NiTiO3 were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, UV–Vis absorption, vibration samples magnetometer and ferroelectric test system. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that prepared materials were in a single phase with rhombohedral structure with [math] up to 1. The increasing Co content resulted in decreasing of tolerance factor and increasing of the lattice constant. The crystalline size increased with an increase of Co content. The optical bandgap value of solid solution increased from 2.23[math]eV for NiTiO3 to 2.36[math]eV for CoTiO3. The magnetic hysteresis loop results indicate that all samples showed paramagnetic state at room temperature. A correlation between magnetization values and composition of the materials was observed with magnetization values which increased with increasing of CoTiO3 content in solid solution. Ferroelectric polarization analysis showed that the polarization of the Ni[math]CoxTiO3 solid solution depended on x value and reached the maximum with [math].
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-25T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500102
- Laser Pulse’s Frequency Effect on Plasma Parameters for Titanium Dioxide
Produced by FHG of a Q-Switched ND: YAG Pulse Laser-
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Authors: Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer, Rafal H. Jassim, Eman K. Jebur, Sabah N. Mazhir
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
This work studies the relationship between laser irradiance and pulse frequency effect on plasma features of the TiO2. This target was irradiated by a Q-switched nanosecond Nd: YAG laser with the first harmonic generation (FHG) wavelength (1064[math]nm), laser energy 500[math]mJ, and pulse frequency ranging from 6[math]Hz to 10[math]Hz at atmospheric pressure. The Boltzmann plot and the Stark broadening methods calculated the plasma parameters ([math] and [math]. The findings were examined in light of the previously published experiments and theories, and it was discovered that they agreed with the hypothesis of the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE); on the other hand, research was conducted on the other basic plasma properties such as the Debye length ([math]), the Debye sphere ([math]), and the plasma frequency ([math]). We observed that all plasma parameters are influenced by pulse frequency. The results clarify the linear change in electron temperature at increasing pulse frequency for TiO2 plasma. In contrast, the broadening of the line profiles related to electron density was evident with pulse frequency, causing an increase in electron density.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-25T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500114
- Identifying the Suitability of MoS2 Nanoparticles by Two Different Methods
for Photo Catalytic Applications-
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Authors: R. Leelavathi, K. Vivekanandan, V. Hariharan, R. Abirami
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
We report two different methods to synthesize MoS2 nanoparticles such as co-precipitation and sol–gel. The MoS2 nanoparticles were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with Energy Dispersive Analysis X-ray (EDAX). The nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel method had enhanced average crystallite size and better morphology at the nanoscale level for photo harvesting property. The synthesis methods of MoS2 nanoparticles are interesting which can be used to control the grain size and surface morphology of nanoparticles. The occurrence of indirect band gap of MoS2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel method causes efficient photo response activity provided compared to co-precipitation method. The corresponding photocatalytic property of prepared samples with Methylene blue dye under illumination of UV and visible light at room temperature clearly showed that the sample prepared using sol–gel had remarkable efficiency when compared to that of the samples by co-precipitation method.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-20T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500060
- Effect of Molar Concentration and Solvent Type on Linear and NLO
Properties of Aurintricarboxylic (ATA) Organic Dye for Image Sensor and
Optical Limiter Applications-
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Authors: Anwar Ahmed Fadhl Abodood, Karar Abdali, Abdulazees O. Mousa Al-Ogaili, Ehssan Al-Bermany, Khalid Haneen Abass
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Aurintricarboxylic (ATA) organic dye is a promising chemical compound candidate for several optical and electronic applications. However, this study aims to investigate the impact of molar concentrations and solvent type on the linear/nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 5,5[math]-[(3-carboxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene) methylene] bis (2-hydroxybenzoic acid) organic laser dyes. Three molar concentrations of organic dyes ([math], [math], and [math]) M were respectively dissolved in distilled water and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature. The samples were investigated using 1H-NMR and UV/Visible spectrums. The bandgap ([math]) of ([math] M) ATA/water is 4.75[math]eV, but Eg of ATA/DMSO was 2.93[math]eV and 2.65[math]eV. The measurements were performed by employing a diode-pumped solid-state laser operating at a 457 nm wavelength and 112[math]mW of power. The [math]-scan technique was applied to characterize open and close apertures, nonlinear refractive index ([math]), and nonlinear absorption coefficient ([math]). The obtained results predicted that both the [math] and [math] coefficients decreased with the reduction of molar concentrations. Additionally, DMSO exhibited better linear/NLO properties than water. The results revealed promising laser dye samples for image sensor and optical limiter applications.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-18T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X2350014X
- Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Evaluation for Antimicrobial
Efficacy-
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Authors: Zainab J. Shanan, Sabeeha K. Shanshool
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
In this work, nickel oxide nanoparticles are synthesized using plant extracts of Camellia sinensis, Matricaria chamomilla L., Artemisia herba-alba Asso. and Punica granatum L. peel., with an evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. The possible mechanism of the formation of NiO nanoparticles mediated by plant extracts has been elucidated. Synthesized green nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV–visible spectrophotometer analysis (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Zeta potential (ZP). The crystal size of the as-prepared NiO nanoparticles estimated via the Debye Scherrer — formula was about (19.68–23.77) nm. Nickel oxide-mediated nanoparticles possess strong antibacterial activity (gram-positive and gram-negative) and fungi.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-16T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500084
- The Effect of Alkali Treatment on the Cellulose Extracted from Rice Husk
as Potential Resources of Biomass-
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Authors: Aryanny Nasir, Nadia Adrus, Siti Pauliena Mohd Bohari
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Over the last few decades, the use of agro by-products as a biopolymer for various applications has attracted significant interest of researchers. Rice husk (RH) is one of the agro by-products produced abundantly worldwide and a great deal of studies in extracting and utilizing silica from RH have been reported but scarcely for its cellulose components. A specific study on the utilization of cellulose extracted from RH for the electrospinning process also remains unreported. Chemical pre-treatment seems to be the most crucial step which improves the elimination of the cementing components and exposing the cellulose for further applications. This study aimed to explore the potential of RH as a source of raw material to produce cellulose nanofiber. The cellulose was extracted by acid pre-treatment, alkaline treatment at varying sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations, followed by bleaching treatment with sodium hypochlorite for complete removal of the amorphous region. The resulting cellulose was characterized and the main properties (morphology and sizes) of the extracted cellulose were made using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings revealed the almost complete removal of the noncellulosic components for the subsequent production of electrospun cellulose nanofibers. Therefore, the output of the cellulose from this underutilized agro-waste has commercial application potential that can add value and be further utilized for the electrospinning process.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-11T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500126
- The Effect of Atomization Force on the Structural Properties of NiTi Thin
Films-
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Authors: Worod Sobhi Thabit, Bilal K. Al-Rawi
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
A study using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique was accomplished by growing NiTi nanoparticles on glass and stainless steel 316L substrates. The effects of laser energy state of deposition on the granule size of the NiTi nanoparticle and the structural properties of its thin film were discussed. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the films prepared at 65[math]W, 75[math]W, 85[math]W, 100[math]W exhibited amorphous structures. AFM results confirmed that the thin films consist of evenly distributed spherical particles. The results also showed an exponential increase in those particles’ sizes.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-08T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500059
- Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Prussian Blue Films Using Hydrobromic
Acid and their Electrochromic Properties-
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Authors: Zhiyuan Liu, Xiaoying Li, Mingqing Yang, Shiyu Zhang, Lei Wang, Chunhui Niu, Yong Lv
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Prussian Blue (PB) films were directly grown on FTO glass by a hydrothermal method only using potassium ferricyanide and hydrobromic acid as raw reagents. Hydrobromic acid plays the role of both providing acidic conditions and as a reducing agent which improves the atomic utilization of the raw materials. The as-prepared PB devices exhibited multicolor electrochromic properties: Blue, green and transparent states, reversibly. The maximum optical modulations of PB device could reach the range of 47.7%. The PB films also have a fast coloration/bleaching time of 1.9/1.3[math]s, respectively. This study provided a novel method for preparing PB films by a facile hydrothermal method.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-03T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500072
- Fe3O4@SiO2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization
Prepared by Green Method for Iraqi Aloe Vera Extract-
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Authors: Saif Alden J. Mohammed, Bilal K. Al-Rawi, Raad M. S. Al-Haddad
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
In this work, a green approach was used to create Fe3O4 nanoparticles. After that, ferrous chloride tetrahydrate and ferric chloride hexahydrate solutions were mixed with various quantities of Iraqi Aloe Vera gel and sodium hydroxide solution to achieve pH(8). Then, in the scale synthesis of silica-coated iron oxide NPs utilizing nontoxic and low-cost materials, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was employed as a precursor to silica. (UV–Vis), FT-IR, XRD, AFM, EDS, TEM, Zeta Potential, VSM, FESEM and VSM were used to characterize the as-prepared silica-coated (Fe3O4@SiO2 CSNPs) and Fe3O4 NPs. UV–Vis exhibits an absorption band in the ultraviolet region at approximately 300 nm in Fe3O4NPs and 310[math]nm in Fe3O4@SiO2 CSNPs, this means red shift occurs successively. Results of (XRD) and (EDS) analyses demonstrate that magnetite nanoparticles were effectively coated using this easy process. FESEM and TEM measurements demonstrate that the particle size of iron oxide nanoparticles and iron oxide NPs CSNPs increases before and after coating with spherical particles in form. AFM evaluates surface tension and surface energy. It is found that the surface roughness of magnetite nanoparticles NPs is 49.31[math]nm and root mean square (RMS) is 319.8[math]nm, whereas in core–shell it is 25.45[math]nm and 166.7[math]nm, respectively, it was raised in the case of the core–shell. This means decrease in particle size. Magnetic properties from (VSM) test demonstrate that the magnetization of the as-synthesized TEOS-coated magnetite NPs is lower than that of freshly created bare magnetite NPs, demonstrating the formation of Fe3O4@SiO2 CSNPs. The stability was around [math][math]mV, and the addition of magnetic and optical features improved their biocompatibility. The antibacterial activity of Fe3O4 NPs and Fe3O4@SiO2 CSNPs was investigated using the agar well diffusion method agains t Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive and Escherichia coli Gram-negative bacteria, which exhibited a wide spectrum of antibacterial potency inhibiting the growth of both Gram-negative (8[math]mm, 10[math]mm) and Gram-positive (7[math]mm, 12[math]mm), respectively.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-02-02T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500096
- Fabrication and Characterization of p-SnS/n-Si Solar Cell by Thermal
Evaporation Technique and the Effect of Ag-doped on Its Efficiency-
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Authors: Khalid Haneen Abass, Anmar Adil, Ali Jawad Alrubaie, Bahaa H. Rabee, Ashraq Mohammed Kadim, Suhair Hussein Talib, Kahtan A. Mohammed, Ali Saeed Jassim
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Tin sulfide (SnS) is a promising material for solar cell absorber layer applications due to its low cost, ease of availability and lower toxicity than other semiconductor materials, used for the same purpose. Thermal evaporation was used to deposit thin-film solar cells with SnS on glass and silicon substrates, with minimal silver doping ratios (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) wt.% and thickness in the 125-nm range. Surface morphology, crystallite size and optical and electrical characteristics have all been thoroughly investigated. XRD analysis revealed that /both the undoped and Ag-doped SnS films were well crystallized, with an orthorhombic structure and polycrystalline nature. The (111) plane was the preferred orientation. Due to the low doping ratios, there are no silver-specific peaks. Additionally, the Scherer formula was used to calculate the crystallite size, which showed an increase from 3.7096 to 10.4716[math]nm. AFM images showed that SnS: Ag (6[math]wt.%) film has bigger grains than other samples. The Hall Effect test revealed that the film is p-type conductivity. The optical bandgap values were found to be in the (2.6–1.7[math]eV) range. All of the SnS films had an absorption coefficient of more than [math] above the fundamental absorption edge. These polycrystalline and highly absorbing SnS thin films can be used to make heterojunction solar cells. The wider energy gap of the produced films, which allows more light to reach the solar cell junction, was found to be connected to changes in thin film microstructure characteristics. The efficiency of the prepared solar cells reached 5.4% for the 6[math]wt.%Ag-doped SnS/Si solar cell, with a fill factor of 0.46.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-01-28T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500035
- POT–CSA/ZnO Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Characterization
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Authors: Alaa S. AL-Kabbi, Kahtan A. Mohammed, Kareema M. Ziadan
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
To create a (POT–CSA/ZnO) nanocomposite, a chemical oxidative polymerization of O-toluidine was carried out in the presence of nano ZnO. This step took place throughout the synthesis. In the attendance of hydro chloric acid (HCl) and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant and camphor solfunic acid (CSA) as a dopant, polymerization can be accomplished by using a monomer mixture with an equal molar ratio. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy were utilized in the procedure of characterizing the material. The results displayed that the polymer film revealed both excitonic transition [math]–[math] and to [math]* transition. The semiconducting character of the composite can be confirmed by its electrical conductivity.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-01-28T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500047
- QCA-Based Reliable Fundamental Units for Multiplexer-Demultiplexer and
D-Flip-Flop-
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Authors: Vijay Kumar Sharma
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an advanced nanotechnology. It is applied to delineate nanoscale technology-based logic circuits. It can potentially be replaced the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This paper proposes an optimal and single clocked multiplexer (Mux) circuit, which is made with the help of 12 number of QCA cells in QCA nanotechnology. The proposed Mux circuit is designed in such a way that it can be used easily for the design of the demultiplexer (DeMux) and data flip-flop (DFF) circuits. The proposed Mux is easily converted to DeMux by exchanging the input and output terminals only. The effectiveness of the proposed Mux, DeMux, and DFF is examined with the designs that are similar and available in literature using the QCA Designer-E and QCA Pro tools. The design of the proposed Mux is 89.06% fault-tolerant and has decreased the quantum cost by 62.50% as compared to best reported design. Energy measurement plays a key role when designs are operating at nanoscale level. Energy approximation is done with the help of the QCA Pro tool. The proposed designs are more energy efficient compared to the existing works.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-01-25T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500011
- Linking Experimental and Theoretical Studies of CO2 Binding for Insight
into the Structure of Activated Carbon-
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Authors: Karl Sohlberg
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Five different physically motivated analytic isotherm models are fit to experimental [math] data from seven different sources reporting studies of the adsorption of CO2 by activated carbon. The model behavior upon parameter optimization suggests that multi-layer adsorption does not play a dominant role in CO2 uptake by activated carbon. Only by explicitly modeling two distinct types of binding sites in the first adsorption layer does the model fully capture the nuances of the data. The values of the best-fit parameters provide good support for a widely used structural model of activated carbon: that it may be represented by nanoscopic flakes of hexagonally bonded carbon, the edges of which are terminated by functional groups. This conclusion is confirmed by comparison of the fitting parameter values to published results of first-principles calculations of the interaction of CO2 with systems having chemical features representative of this structural model.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-01-25T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X23500023
- A Review, Water-Soluble CuInS Quantum Dots, Strategies and
Photoluminescence-
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Authors: Ola A. Kamel, M. Fouad, Magdy Ali
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Water-soluble semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have become a unique field of materials science with great potential for applications in biomedical and optoelectronic devices. However, the more stable and bright QDs are the conventional QDs that contain toxic heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and Hg or the QDs that were synthesized in an organic phase. Hence, it is important to find an alternative material with similar optical properties and low cytotoxicity among these materials. Recently, hydrophilic CuInS2 (CIS) QDs have attracted a lot of interest due to their direct bandgap in the infrared region, large optical absorption coefficient, hydrophilicity, low cost and low toxic composition. These factors make them a good material for biomedical applications. This review starts with the origin characteristics of CIS QDs followed by various synthetic strategies, including synthesis in aqueous solvents and transformation from organic phase to water-soluble phase QDs. Then the tuning of their optical properties is discussed. The review then considers the strategies to improve the photoluminescence performances of CIS QDs.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2023-01-18T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X2230005X
- First-Time Observation on Magnetic Behavior of Pure and Doped Tungsten
Oxide WO3 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Applications-
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Authors: N. Jothi Basker, K. S. Dhivya, K. Karthika, P. Srinivasan, G. Anandbabu
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
This interesting study focuses on the contribution of dopant such as “Fe” as a ferromagnetic material in the lattice sites of WO3[math]H2O nanopowders, which were synthesized using a cost-effective microwave irradiation procedure and then annealed at [math]C in air for 6[math]h in order to increase the crystallinity of the end products and also to eliminate impurities obtained during the synthesis process. The main focus is to understand the magnetic behavior of the end products for the first time using novel synthesis approach. The samples were further characterized using powder diffraction of X-rays (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), diffusion reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the corresponding magnetic behaviors of the products were carried out with the help of vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM). According to the diffraction patterns, both pure and doped samples belong to the hexogonal phase. On the other hand, the annealing effect made an impact on the samples that were formed with the same paranet phase. The samples had an influence on the growth rate and morphology at microlevel of the generated nanoparticles, according to FE-SEM micrographs. The optical band gap of these samples was determined using UV–VIS–DRS spectroscopy and the results revealed the contribution of dopant materials in the optical band gap ([math]) values using the KM model, as well as a 450[math]nm wavelength revealed blue shift. The exciting results of hysteresis loops from vibrating sample magnetometer on annealed samples showed that doped samples that tend to explore high into the ferromagnetic state may investigate the further nonsuper conducting behavior of the end products prepared using microwave irradiation technique.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2022-12-27T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X22500557
- Investigation of the Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles Synthesis Method on
Their Anticancer Activity-
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Authors: F. S. Hassani, M. Hadizadeh, D. Zare, S. Mazinani
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
There has been a lot of interest in the synthesis of chitosan nanostructures for biomedical purposes. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, and cationic features of chitosan made it as a good candidate for bioprocess. This study compares chitosan nanoparticles generated by three different methods including the ionic gelation, emulsionic solvent diffusion, and reverse micellar/microemulsion techniques in terms of their physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity effects on the breast cancer cells. The obtained chitosan nanoparticles were specified using FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, and MTT assay. Light inverted microscope distinguished the morphological differences in treated and untreated cells. Results showed that the size of chitosan nanoparticles spanned from 281[math]nm to 420[math]nm and ionic gelation method produced smaller and more uniform particles than two others. More positive zeta potential indicated that stable nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelation method. Results also indicated that nanochitosans prepared by all three methods markedly inhibited cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells with IC[math] values of 0.31[math]mg/mL, 0.74[math]mg/mL, and 0.85[math]mg/mL 24[math]h after treatment, respectively. From this study, it is evident that the preparation method of nanochitosan affects its ability to inhibit breast cancer cells growth.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2022-12-21T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X22500533
- On Model for Prognosis of Mass Transport During Magnetron Sputtering
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Authors: E. L. Pankratov
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
In this paper we analyze mass transfer during growth of epitaxial layers in magnetrons. Due to analysis of influence of physical and technological parameters on the growth we formulate several recommendations to improve properties of epitaxial layers: increase of homogeneity of films; minimization of defects of films; dependence of properties of heterostucture on geometric dimensions of magnetron (in fact this is correlation between the above geometric dimensions and growth time). We introduce an analytical approach for analyzing mass transfer. The approach gives a possibility to take into account the nonlinearity of processes, as well as changes in parameters in space and time.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2022-12-07T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X22500545
- Melting and Crystallization of Free Copper and Nickel Nanoclusters using
Molecular Dynamics Simulations-
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Authors: M. P. Samantaray, S. S. Sarangi
Abstract: International Journal of Nanoscience, Ahead of Print.
Molecular dynamics simulations with second nearest neighbor modified embedded atom method have been performed on free-standing copper and nickel nanoclusters composed of 2048 atoms. Thermo-dynamical, dynamical and structural properties of the nanoclusters have been investigated during melting and crystallization process. Variation of potential energy, specific heat and self-diffusion coefficient of atoms during the phase transition have been used to determine the melting and crystallization points. Radial distribution function is used to characterize the structural changes of the nanoclusters. The melting and solidification profiles of both the nanoclusters showed hysteresis behavior, which is attributed to the undercooling effect during the solidification process. The melting temperature is about few hundreds of Kelvins higher than the crystallization temperature. The result shows that the melting and crystallization temperature of copper nanocluster are 1360[math]K[math][math][math]5[math]K and 1090[math]K[math][math][math]5[math]K, respectively, and those of the nickel nanoclusters are 1710[math]K[math][math][math]5[math]K and 1390[math]K[math][math][math]5[math]K, respectively.
Citation: International Journal of Nanoscience
PubDate: 2022-12-05T08:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X22500521
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