 Subjects -> ELECTRONICS (Total: 207 journals)
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- IEEE Industry Applications Society Information
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Pages: C2 - C2
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Publication Information
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Pages: C3 - C3
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Information for Authors
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Pages: C4 - C4
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Probabilistic Assessment of Conservation Voltage Reduction Using Static
Load Model Parameter in the Presence of Uncertainties-
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Authors:
Mir Toufikur Rahman;Kazi N. Hasan;Peter Sokolowski;Hazlie Mokhlis;
Pages: 2675 - 2685
Abstract: Higher penetration of solar PV and wind generation in distribution networks may change the conservation voltage reduction (CVR) capabilities. The uncertainties associated with the renewable generations and system loads are neglected in the deterministic CVR assessment. In this paper, a probabilistic framework for CVR assessment has been presented to assess the impact of uncertainties associated with renewable generations and system loads. A theoretical framework has been presented by establishing a mathematical relationship between the probability distribution of renewable generations (solar PV and wind) and the probability distribution of static exponential load model parameters. The simulation results have confirmed that the penetration of non-Gaussian solar PV and wind generation leads to non-Gaussian static exponential load model parameter distribution, which is validated by the normality tests (quantile-quantile plot, skewness, and kurtosis). Subsequently, the magnitude and probability distribution of the CVR capabilities of the network changes with the penetration of renewable generations, where the higher renewable penetration scenarios lead to higher CVR values and non-Gaussian (asymmetric) distribution.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Trading and Valuation of Day-Ahead Load Forecasts in an Ensemble Model
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Authors:
Zelin Sun;Leandro Von Krannichfeldt;Yi Wang;
Pages: 2686 - 2695
Abstract: Higher accurate load forecasts help the power system operator make better resource allocation and reduce operational costs. Ensemble learning has been widely used to improve the accuracy of final forecasts by combining multiple individual forecasts. In the digital economy era, the system operator can buy high-quality load forecasts from the data market and then combine them in an ensemble model to further enhance the quality of final forecasts. Consequently, the operator should share its operational profit (or reduced cost) from forecasting improvement with forecast providers (agents). However, forecasts from different agents jointly affect the performance of the ensemble model, making it hard to quantify the contribution of each individual forecast. Even though several works have been done on the smart grid data market, there are very few works regarding energy forecast trading and valuation. To fill this gap, this paper builds up a novel framework for day-ahead load forecast trading and valuation in an ensemble model, which includes historical credit evaluation, data transaction, and payoff allocation. Specifically, three categories of payoff-allocating schemes with distinct characteristics are proposed and compared in terms of applicable scope, computational complexity, and synergy consideration. Case studies on a real-world dataset illustrate how individual forecasts can be evaluated in an ensemble model.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Temperature Control Load Demand Response Control Strategy Considering
User's Willingness Difference-
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Authors:
Zhenguo Li;Ziwei Song;Yifeng Cui;Qingquan Jia;Seok-Kwon Jeong;
Pages: 2696 - 2705
Abstract: Considering the pressure of communication facilities, the difference in willingness to participate, privacy protection, and other factors, a temperature control load demand response control strategy based on signal broadcasting considering the difference in user willingness is proposed. The control strategy is divided into the aggregator side and the local temperature control load unit side and its response index are sent by the aggregator to all temperature control load units in the form of signal broadcasting. In this control strategy, considering the variety of temperature control load units and different temperature control intervals, a universal temperature normalization value is established. The user participation willingness coefficient is introduced, and the expression of the actual participation probability of the temperature control load is constructed. According to the comparison result with the random number, whether to start or stop the temperature control component is selected. Finally, the overall application flow of temperature control load demand response is designed, and the effectiveness of the strategy is verified by MATLAB simulation.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Profit Maximization in ADN Through Voltage Control and DR Management With
Networked Community Micro-Grids-
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Authors:
Shailendra Singh;Vijay Babu Pamshetti;Amit Kumar Thakur;S. P. Singh;Hoay Beng Gooi;
Pages: 2706 - 2719
Abstract: Large-scale installations of utility and customer's owned distributed technologies at low and medium voltage networks have drawn the distribution system operator's attention towards enhancing energy efficiency and economics of distribution grids. It can be achieved by deploying suitable energy-saving programs and unlocking the benefits of networked community microgrids (N-CMGs). In this context, the paper introduces an integrated methodology by enabling the volt/VAR optimization and demand response management scheme in the presence of N-CMGs that leverage distributed energy resources, flexible loads, and a smart energy management system. The stochastic objective function has been formulated regarding net profit value maximization in the presence of N-CMG assets. Further, efficient cascaded droop (Volt/VAR, Volt/Watt) control algorithms have been developed for real-time control of N-CMGs operations under unexpected transient conditions. The simulated outcomes authenticate that the proposed integrated method maximized the net profit values in terms of reduced purchased electricity cost and improved energy efficiency. Moreover, the developed real-time cascaded droop controller for N-CMGs successfully handles the unprecedented event's impact on system security during real-time operation.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Impedance Model Based Dynamic Analysis Applied to VSG-Controlled
Converters in AC Microgrids-
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Authors:
Thiago F. do Nascimento;Andrés O. Salazar;
Pages: 2720 - 2730
Abstract: The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control technique has proven to be an attractive solution to power flow control of distributed generation (DG) systems integrated in AC microgrid by using power converters. Thus, this paper presents the influence of Thevenin impedance seen by each DG unit on the dynamic performance of grid-connected converters controlled by using VSG concept. The dynamic analysis is based on a small-signal model suitable for describing the power flow transient characteristics of DG units operating in medium and high voltage networks. Based on this model, the Thevenin impedance parameters influence on the VSG controllers dynamic performance are discussed. The VSG technique performance in different operating scenarios is assessed by means of simulation results. The obtained results reveal the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis performed.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Probabilistic Planning of Distribution Networks With Optimal DG Placement
Under Uncertainties-
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Authors:
Soumya Das;Olav Bjarte Fosso;Giancarlo Marafioti;
Pages: 2731 - 2741
Abstract: This research paper presents an efficient methodology for distribution network planning under an uncertain environment. As an extension of our previous work presented at the ECCE Asia 2021 conference, here optimal placement and sizing of Renewable Energy Sources (RES)-based Distributed Generations (DGs) are determined considering the generation and load uncertainties. In addition, the optimal tap settings of off-load tap changing transformers present in a network are also determined. Probabilistic non-linear optimization is solved with a sensitivity-based technique to minimize the distribution network losses and improve its voltage stability. The proposed methodology is implemented on standard test systems like the IEEE 69 bus and the Indian 85 bus networks. Further, to determine its real-world functionality, the methodology is tested on a practical radial distribution network of 88 buses present in a remote Froan island of Norway. When compared with existing techniques, the proposed methodology provides much more efficient network planning solutions with lesser power losses. Developed on free and open-source software platforms, it also provides a reliable and cost-effective alternative to network operators to determine their network robustness.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A General Methodology for Short-circuit Calculations in Hybrid
AC/DC Microgrids-
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Authors:
Salvatore Favuzza;Massimo Mitolo;Salar Moradi;Rossano Musca;Gaetano Zizzo;
Pages: 2742 - 2749
Abstract: In this paper, the issues related to short-circuit calculations in hybrid AC/DC microgrids are discussed. The reference standard for short-current calculations in DC systems is the IEC 61660, which provides a mathematical formulation of the problem. The standard only includes radial DC grids and does not consider a more complex system, such as meshed DC systems or a hybrid AC/DC microgrid. This paper proposes a generalized approach that can be used independently of the characteristics of the hybrid system. The proposed approach is applied to four test microgrids with different distributed sources and number of nodes and the results are compared with those obtained simulating the same grids with Neplan 360.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Gaussian Process Regression for Quantitative Degree of Polymerization
Analysis of Oil-Paper Insulation by EPO-NIRS: A Solution to Field Moisture
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Authors:
Yuan Li;Han Li;Wenbo Zhang;Chen Wang;Guanjun Zhang;
Pages: 2750 - 2759
Abstract: In recent years, the near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used in prediction of the degree of polymerization (DP) of oil-paper insulation, but the practices show that the field moisture has a significant influence on the acquired spectra. In this paper, an EPO-GPR model is proposed to eliminate the interference of external moisture and hence to improve the prediction performance of DP of insulating paper in the laboratory as well as on-site experiments. In this model, external parameter orthogonalization (EPO) extracts the differences between the insulating paper samples with varying moisture contents and builds a projection matrix orthogonal to the moisture spectral information; the Gaussian process regression (GPR) with optimized Matérn kernel is employed to mapping the correlation between the spectra and DP of insulating paper. Compared with classical PLS and BPNN models, the EPO-GPR model achieves high prediction accuracy in the laboratory testing (RMSE of 71) and field experiments (RMSE of ∼ 60). The proposed EPO-GPR model can provide a solution to field moisture when using the NIR spectroscopy technique to on-site assess the aging condition of insulating papers.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Survivability-Based Protection for Electric Motor Drive Systems-Part II:
Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives-
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Authors:
S. A. Saleh;E. Ozkop;B. Nahid-Mobarakeh;A. Rubaai;K. M. Muttaqi;S. Pradhan;
Pages: 2760 - 2771
Abstract: This paper develops a survivability-based protection for three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drives against severe dynamic events. The proposed protection is based on defining a survivability index $Gamma _{text{PMSM}}$ that is expressed in terms of power changes resulting from a dynamic event, which is experienced by the protected motor drive. The index $Gamma _{text{PMSM}}$ establishes an accurate measure to detect, identify, and respond to dynamic events that a three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive may not survive. The validity, effectiveness, and accuracy of the survivability-based protection for three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drives are assessed through simulation and experimental testing. Assessment tests are carried out using a 10 hp laboratory three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive under various dynamic events. Assessment results demonstrate the efficacy and responsiveness of the survivability-based protection to unsurvivable dynamic events, and its ability to prevent damage to different components of a three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A Novel Toolbox for Induced Voltage Prediction on Rail Tracks Due to AC
Electromagnetic Interference Between Railway and Nearby Power Lines-
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Authors:
Md Nasmus Sakib Khan Shabbir;Chenyang Wang;Xiaodong Liang;Emerson Adajar;
Pages: 2772 - 2784
Abstract: AC electromagnetic interference (EMI) between railway and nearby power lines causes serious concerns about railway personnel and equipment safety. The AC EMI analysis is usually conducted by complex computer simulation software to estimate induced voltages on rail tracks, and induced voltages can be further used for safety evaluation. However, such analysis becomes especially difficult at the transmission line routing stage when only limited information of railway and power lines is available. To overcome this challenge, a novel regression model-based toolbox is developed in this paper to predict induced voltages on rail tracks. To develop this toolbox, the dataset acquisition is critical due to very limited research done in this area. The novel dataset is produced by our newly developed AC EMI study method, where variations of several essential factors are considered, including the power line's current, the separation distance between power lines and railway, the ballast resistance, and the length of rail tracks. Two models are eventually chosen to predict induced voltages: “Gaussian process regression” with “matern 3/2” kernel function; and a tri-layered “neural network” model with “sigmoid” activation function. To improve the accuracy, hyperparameters of the regression algorithms are optimized by Bayesian optimization. The toolbox is accurate and easy-to-use, and is currently in use by Manitoba Hydro, Canada.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Units for Microgrid Planning
in Distribution Networks-
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Authors:
Shah Mohammad Rezwanul Haque Shawon;Xiaodong Liang;Mehrnoosh Janbakhsh;
Pages: 2785 - 2795
Abstract: Due to increasing penetration of renewable distributed generation (DG), conventional distribution networks have been gradually transforming into their active form, where microgrids may serve as fundamental building blocks. As the primary step towards microgrid planning, optimal DGs placement and sizing can reduce the total energy losses by localizing power supply to loads. In this paper, a DG optimal placement method by minimizing the total energy losses is proposed, where the planning is formulated as a non-linear programming (NLP) problem. AC optimal power flow (OPF) is used to solve this planning problem by considering operational constraints and uncertainties in load and renewable power generation of the network. IEEE 33-bus test system and a real 404-bus distribution system operated by Saskatoon Light and Power in Saskatoon, Canada are used to validate the proposed method. The proposed method also shows superior performance compared to existing methods.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Analysis of Ultra-Low Frequency Oscillation in Hydro-Dominant Power System
and Suppression Strategy by GPSS-
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Authors:
Xinlei Shi;Guoren Ruan;Hongye Lu;Hui Chen;Weijiang Cai;Hong Ron;Gang Chen;Yong Zhao;
Pages: 2796 - 2806
Abstract: After asynchronous operation, the Southwest Power Grid in China has the risk of ultra-low frequency oscillation, which seriously threatens the stable operation of the power grid. Based on the hydropower single-unit with load system, the extend Philips-Heffron model is built considering PSS/GPSS (Governor Power System Stabilizer). Then, the damping torque analysis is carried out in both prime mover and excitation side. The negative damping in the prime mover side is prominent in the ultra-low frequency band and the effect of damping ratio increase by PSS and GPSS is compared. After that, the small signal analysis of the whole system is conducted, the participation factors of the ULFO mode shows the high participation and controllability by GPSS control. At last, the proper GPSS parameters configured by small signal analysis are equipped in the hydro unit of asynchronous four-machine two-area system which reveals an obvious ULFO suppression effect. Furthermore, the practical ULFO identification algorithm based on feature points extraction and analysis which crossing the PFC (Primary Frequency Control) dead zone (49.95–50.05 Hz) is proposed, the GPSS control cubicle which embedded the practical ULFO identification algorithm is developed and the semi-physical simulation is conducted to verify the real ULFO suppression effect by GPSS control.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Mixed Integer Linear Programming Applied to Adaptive Directional
Overcurrent Protection Considering N-1 Contingency-
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Authors:
Klaus Tesser Martin;Adriano Cavalheiro Marchesan;Olinto César Bassi de Araújo;Ghendy Cardoso;Marcelo Freitas da Silva;
Pages: 2807 - 2821
Abstract: This work proposes a methodology for directional overcurrent protection coordination in interconnected transmission systems considering a possible network contingency state. The methodology uses the short-circuit data of the current network topology; however, the maximum load current data in the protection section of each relay is obtained considering the n-1 criterion, already foreseeing the disconnection of some network line. Thus, if a line gets disconnected, other protective devices will not improperly actuate by the redistribution of load currents in the network. The objective is to propose an adaptive protection scheme to redo the coordination for each topological change in the network. To this end, this work considers a smart grid environment with a supervisory system with communication capability between this and the remote devices. To obtain the optimal performance, the coordination problem, originally non-linear and non-convex, is linearized, allowing its formulation as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming problem. The methodology is applied to the 8-bus test system in 3 different cases and the 30-bus test system. Results show that the optimal coordination is obtained in a fast computational processing time, showing the suitability of the methodology for real-time application.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A Practical Fault Location Algorithm With Increased Adaptability for
Active Low Voltage Grids-
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Authors:
Paschalia Stefanidou-Voziki;David Cardoner-Valbuena;Roberto Villafafila-Robles;Jose Luis Dominguez-Garcia;
Pages: 2822 - 2831
Abstract: Quick power restoration has always been one of the grid operators' major goals and could be facilitated by the application of automatized fault location methods. The need for such methods is particularly visible in the low voltage (LV) grids which have been overlooked until now. Hence, this article presents a novel turnkey solution to the fault location problem in LV grids. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the growing data availability and employs a machine learning (ML) model for the prediction of the faulted point. In order to ensure the applicability of the method all the steps of its implementation are analyzed. The study begins by addressing the algorithm's data collection requirements and proposing a smart storage strategy. It continues with the implementation of advanced data processing and minimization techniques, such as the feature selection, and addresses the generalizability limitations of ML–based algorithms by proposing a retraining scheme. Finally, the algorithm's performance during load changes and data contamination is studied. For the validation of the algorithm a modified version of the CIGRE European LV benchmark was simulated. The results verify the algorithm's robustness against the main influencing parameters and reveal low mean absolute errors throughout the tests; the default study case error was 0.5 m.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Probabilistic Load Flow Approach Combining Cumulant Method and K-Means
Clustering to Handle Large Fluctuations of Stochastic Variables-
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Authors:
Vikas Singh;Tukaram Moger;Debashisha Jena;
Pages: 2832 - 2841
Abstract: The modern electrical power system faces various uncertainties, including load fluctuations, forced outages of conventional generators, network branches. Furthermore, the rising penetration of wind power generation introduces additional uncertainty, causing difficulties in power system planning, operation. This paper uses an analytical probabilistic load flow approach to account for all such uncertainties. The random branch outages are simulated using the fictional powers injections into the relevant nodes. A fuzzy method is used to perform contingency sequencing to avoid masking mistakes that might occur when utilizing performance index-based sequencing methods. The sparse Jacobian inverse is eliminated to preserve storage space, accelerate the computation. A modified Cumulant method is used in conjunction with the K-means clustering process to deal with the substantial fluctuations of the input variables. In the proposed approach, the correlated samples are generated using inverse Nataf transformation. These correlated samples are clustered using K-means clustering. The Cumulant method is applied within each cluster, total probability law is used to integrate each cluster's findings. The proposed PLF is tested on 24-bus, 259-bus wind integrated equivalent systems. Compared with the Monte-Carlo simulation, the proposed PLF yields computationally efficient, more accurate findings.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Design and Validation of a MVDC Isolated Active Voltage Injection Based
HCB-
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Authors:
Abdul Basit Mirza;Yalda Azadeh;Hongwu Peng;Yang Li;John Kaplun;Fang Luo;
Pages: 2842 - 2855
Abstract: A MVDC Hybrid Circuit Breaker (HCB) is proposed in this paper that consists of an electro-mechanical switch (EMS) in series with a Voltage Injector Building Block (VIBB). The VIBB-HCB does not employ any semiconductor devices in the main DC line. The VIBB utilizes an E-core-based integrated magnetic structure for injection purpose. The core is unbiased during normal operation, which does not affect system response or add more inductance in the main DC line. Further, the injection circuit is isolated from the main circuit. Hence, any surge or fault current does not impact the injection circuit. The injection circuit comprises a SiC-based full bridge auxiliary converter, which provides fast (μs range) bidirectional fault clearing capability. Moreover, the EMS is opened under zero voltage and zero current, which increases EMS reliability and lifetime. Lastly, the design does not require bulky high rating energy absorption components such varistors due to miniscule post-fault interruption residual energy. A detailed design procedure is derived and validated through Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS Maxwell Transient solver. This is followed by experimental verification on a scaled down hardware prototype.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Multi-Area Frequency Restoration Reserve Sizing
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Authors:
Panagiotis Pediaditis;Dimitrios Papamatthaiou;Dimitrios Papadaskalopoulos;Dušan Prešić;Nikos D. Hatziargyriou;
Pages: 2856 - 2865
Abstract: Frequency Restoration Reserves are traditionally sized using deterministic methods. The constant growth in non-dispatchable renewable energy, however, is increasing the importance of probabilistic methods for reserve sizing. In addition, as the geographical scope of reserve sizing expands, overall power imbalance stochasticity is reduced. In this article, we propose a probabilistic method for shared cross-border frequency restoration reserve commitment and sizing, based on the concept of system generation margin and employing mathematical optimization. The aim is to reduce overall reserve volumes and costs. The cross-border interconnection capacities among countries are taken into account, and the shared uncertainty across interconnections is addressed via a novel robust approach. The method is tested on the cross-border system of south-east Europe that includes 9 countries. 5 different operational scenarios are used and a detailed calculation of the uncertainty distributions in each country is employed. Results show that cross-border shared sizing can significantly reduce overall reserve volumes and costs in a secure way.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Optimal Protection Coordination of Islanded Microgrids Utilizing an
Adaptive Virtual Impedance Fault Current Limiter-
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Authors:
Talal Elemamali Sati;Maher A. Azzouz;Mostafa Shaaban;
Pages: 2866 - 2876
Abstract: Outages may impact power grids, e.g., lines or generation forced out of service. Thus, solving the optimal protection coordination (OPC) problem for the main network topology results in protection miscoordination under contingencies. Further, the limited fault currents of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) require a highly sensitive and reliable protection scheme. This paper proposes an overcurrent protection scheme for islanded microgrids powered by droop-based IIDGs. The inverter controller is modified to include a virtual impedance-fault current limiter (VI-FCL) to protect inverter switches from overcurrent and limit IIDG fault currents. The VI-FCL is designed such that it adapts to fault severity. OPC of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is achieved using a two-stage optimization algorithm. The first Stage calculates the short-circuit currents involving various fault resistances. Next, constraints on the DOCRs operation times are formulated for each topology resulting from an N-1 contingency and the main topology. The OPC problem is formulated as a constrained nonlinear programming problem. Finally, the second Stage is dedicated to obtaining the DOCRs optimal settings. The OPC method is tested on a radial microgrid that is part of a Canadian urban distribution system.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A Two-Stage Multi-Scenario Optimization Method for Placement and Sizing of
Soft Open Points in Distribution Networks-
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Authors:
Md Abu Saaklayen;Md Nasmus Sakib Khan Shabbir;Xiaodong Liang;Sherif O. Faried;Mehrnoosh Janbakhsh;
Pages: 2877 - 2891
Abstract: The Soft Open Point (SOP) is an emerging power electronic device for active power flow control, reactive power compensation and post-fault service restoration in power distribution networks. In this paper, a novel two-stage multi-scenario optimization method for SOP placement and sizing is proposed to minimize power losses and active power curtailment of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems. In Stage 1, the Loss Sensitivity Index (LSI) and Voltage Deviation Index (VDI) are used to identify candidate locations of SOPs, and a new method to estimate the LSI is proposed. In Stage 2, a mathematical optimization model is developed using AC power flow to optimally size each voltage source converter (VSC) of a SOP; the power factor constraint at the substation/grid interconnection is incorporated in this model to ensure security of the upstream grid. The proposed method is validated by a modified IEEE 33-node test system and a large 404-node unbalanced distribution system operated by Saskatoon Light and Power in Saskatoon, Canada.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Blockchain and Green Certificates Based Market Structure and Transaction
Mechanism of Direct Power-Purchase for Industrial Users-
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Authors:
Xinxin Ge;Di Yang;Yuntong Lv;Fei Wang;Ji Yu;Jinling Lu;Zifei Yang;Yuyang Tian;Hui Ren;
Pages: 2892 - 2903
Abstract: Nowadays, Direct Power Purchase (DPP) for industrial users has become an important part of the electricity market. This type of transaction usually needs to rely on regulatory agencies to assist in the transaction, and the transaction algorithm is relatively simple. Blockchain technology based on encryption algorithm has the function of distributed ledger, which can make DPP more transparent and reliable. This paper proposes a DPP transaction method, which incorporates the peak shaving characteristics of industrial users and the green certificate system into transactions, and completes related transactions on the blockchain platform. First, establish a DPP market structure based on blockchain technology. Second, establish a DPP transaction mechanism based on green certificates and peak shaving characteristics. Simulation results for four cases show that the proposed method can respond to peak shaving capacity and bring more profit to renewable energy companies.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Towards Progressively Detecting Faults in a Large Power System: A Visual
Analytics Approach-
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Authors:
Rengan Xie;Fei Wang;Wenchen Li;Yanhao Huang;Wenjie Peng;Shujun Zhang;Wenting Zheng;
Pages: 2904 - 2912
Abstract: Electricity serves as the foundation of everyday life. Grid operators are obliged to provide stable power supply to end users. However, given the scale and complexity of modern nationwide grids, it has become increasingly challenging to locate faults quickly and accurately during power failure. Previous locating techniques mainly focus on data analyzing methods, while little work is done using visual analytics approach. This paper presents a progressive visual analytics procedure (i.e., overview, detecting faulted bus candidates, locating buses, and looking into bus details) to detect fault location and figure out possible faulted buses. In particular, an efficient clustering algorithm associated with a novel visualization for time-varying series as well as multiple and coordinated views is developed to locate faulted buses intuitively and quickly. Case studies and expert feedback have indicated that our approach is contributing to real-world applications.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Vibration Magnitude Analysis on Induction Motors of Different Efficiency
Classes Due to Voltage Unbalance-
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Authors:
Pablo Donolo;Carlos Pezzani;Guillermo Bossio;Cristian de Angelo;Marcos Donolo;
Pages: 2913 - 2918
Abstract: Small efficiency improvement in induction motors (IMs) often lead to large monetary savings over time. These monetary savings justify the current movement toward the use of higher efficiency IMs. In many cases, replacing a standard efficiency IM with a higher efficiency one is transparent to the user. In other cases, however, there are side effects which need to be considered. This paper presents data showing that vibrations due to voltage unbalance are significantly more pronounced on higher efficiency IMs than in standard efficiency ones. This paper presents the mathematical expressions for active power for an IM under voltage unbalance. Then the paper describes a dynamic simulation framework to validate the paper's hypothesis over a wide range of IMs and a laboratory the test setup used to validate the mathematical expressions with experimental results of standard (IE1), premium (IE3) and super premium (IE4) IMs. Finally, the paper presents vibration measurements due voltage unbalance, and compares the results with the measured vibration levels with the ISO 20816-1 standard vibration severity guidelines.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- $alpha+beta+0$
-Based+Bus+Differential+Protection&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Industry+Applications&rft.issn=0093-9994&rft.date=2023&rft.volume=59&rft.spage=2919&rft.epage=2931&rft.aulast=Mardegan;&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=S.+A.+Saleh;E.+Ozkop;R.+Ahshan;A.+Al-Durra;M.+E.+Valdes;C.+S.+Mardegan;">Experimental Performance Evaluation of the $alpha beta 0$
-Based Bus
Differential Protection-
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Authors:
S. A. Saleh;E. Ozkop;R. Ahshan;A. Al-Durra;M. E. Valdes;C. S. Mardegan;
Pages: 2919 - 2931
Abstract: This paper presents the experimental performance assessment of the $alpha beta 0$-based bus differential protection (BDP). This protection is developed for buses that interconnect battery storage systems (BSSs). The tested BDP employs $alpha beta 0$ components of the apparent powers flowing in all branches that are connected to the protected bus. The $alpha beta 0$ components of apparent powers allow accommodating frequent changes in the direction of power flows due to the charging/discharging modes of the BSS operation. In each branch connected to the protected bus, the $3phi$ apparent powers are determined using the measured branch currents and voltage (at the protected bus). The $alpha beta 0$-based BDP is implemented using a digital processing board for experimental testing for a laboratory setup. The test setup is composed of a bus that interconnects a 4 kW BSS, and feeds $3phi$ linear and dynamic loads. The performance of the $alpha beta 0$-based BDP is assessed for responding to various internal and external faults occurring during the charging and discharging of the BSS. Experimental results reveal encouraging abilities of the tested BDP to initiate fast, accurate, and reliable responses to internal and external faults. Observed response features are complimented with a negligible sensitivity to the BSS mode of operation, fault type, and/or fault location.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Gas Absorption and Particle Removal Performance of Wet Parallel-Membrane
Array System-
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Authors:
Yeawan Lee;So-Hee An;Gwangtaek Lee;Haneol Lee;Chae-Rin Yu;Ye-Sle Kim;Bangwoo Han;Yong-Jin Kim;Hak-Joon Kim;
Pages: 2932 - 2942
Abstract: In this study, the gas absorption and particle removal performance of wet parallel-membrane array systems were investigated. SO2 and oil mist were used as the target gas and particles, respectively. To evaluate the gas absorption performance of the wet membrane, we compared it with a packed-bed scrubber at the same flow rate. Unlike a typical packed-bed scrubber, the membrane scrubber has a high absorption rate and easily absorbs water so that the liquid flows dynamically across the entire membrane. Therefore, the membrane exhibited a higher mass transfer rate than the packed bed. In addition, the pressure drop was extremely low because the flow was not blocked. We evaluated the particle removal performance of a wet two-stage electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with a wet parallel-membrane array collection stage. A PM2.5 removal efficiency higher than 90% at a flow velocity of 1 m/s was achieved using the proposed system. In addition, the wet-membrane-based two-stage ESP was easy to design according to the existing ESP design theory, Cochet's charging theory, and Deutsch equation. Also, our new wet-membrane-based two-stage ESP can remove acid gas and particles simultaneously. Therefore, this membrane can be a promising material for air pollution control devices, such as scrubbers and ESPs.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Study of Undesired Floating Electrode Discharges Induced on an
Electro-Adhesion Actuator-
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Authors:
Hamza Louati;Noureddine Zouzou;
Pages: 2943 - 2949
Abstract: During metal/polymer particle mixture sorting using an electro-adhesion actuator, undesired surface discharges can be observed near the edges of the metallic particles, especially at high voltages and frequencies. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of these discharges as well as the consequences on the electro-adhesion process. The analysis is based on electrical and optical diagnostics of the discharges to understand their physical origin and the conditions of their development. Two actuator configurations have been used in this work: wire-to-plane and multistrand-to-comb configurations. Experimental results indicate the presence of two discharges during both cycles of an AC square voltage. Also, the power consumption increases with applied voltage and frequency. Furthermore, the gain in the adhesion rate of copper particles at high voltage and frequency requires very high-power consumption, but above all, it is unnecessary for the overall operation of the electro-adhesion installation.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Encoderless Control of PMa-SynRG Based-Stator Current Vector for Wind
Generation Systems-
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Authors:
Mahmoud M. Amin;Ahmed S. Soliman;Fayez F. M. El-Sousy;Osama A. Mohammed;
Pages: 2950 - 2962
Abstract: In this paper, a novel encoderless control of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance generator (PMa-SynRG) based-stator current vector for renewable energy systems is presented. For the encoderless control, the PMa-SynRG rotor position angle along with rotor angular speed are estimated ultimately from the generator's stator currents, as the stator inductance is only requisite nevertheless the stator resistance. Indeed, this encoderless control technique employs one current control loop for regulating the magnitude of the stator current instead of employing two current control loops. For eliminating the current measurement noise and enhancing the phase angle tracking performance, a modified second-order generalized integrator frequency-locked loop (MSOGI-FLL) technique is employed and compared with the standard SOGI-FLL under different voltage/frequency conditions. The proposed technique has a simple computational implementation while accomplishing a rapid along with precise estimation performance of the PMa-SynRG rotor position angle and speed. The performance is validated using simulations and real-time hardware-in-the-loop Typhoon HIL implementation.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A Machine Learning Based Methodology for Load Profiles Clustering and
Non-Residential Buildings Benchmarking-
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Authors:
Simone Eiraudo;Luca Barbierato;Roberta Giannantonio;Alessandro Porta;Andrea Lanzini;Romano Borchiellini;Enrico Macii;Edoardo Patti;Lorenzo Bottaccioli;
Pages: 2963 - 2973
Abstract: Buildings benchmarking based on their electric profiles is a fundamental step to identify, evaluate and then possibly implement energy efficiency oriented actions. Indeed, benchmarking enables comparison among peer buildings or industrial sites and the identification of reference cases, either efficient and inefficient ones. In this regard, temporal data clustering is an effective and widely applicable benchmarking tool. In this work, we propose a novel Machine Learning based methodology, taking advantage of two fundamental tools, namely a decomposition algorithm and a clustering one. Several clustering algorithms have been tested to identify k-Means as the most suitable one. The proposed methodology includes the evaluation of energy Key Performance Indicators for effective analysis and comparison of buildings. The proposed framework has been tested on a real-world case study including around 2000 non-residential buildings. The classification of buildings based on K-Means achieved an accuracy of 99.7% with respect to their usage category. Furthermore, reference Key Performance Indicator values for each cluster are obtained and discussed to understand buildings' energy behaviour and possible reasons for inefficiencies.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- SMO Based Position Sensorless BLDC Motor Drive Employing Canonical
Switching Cell Converter for Light Electric Vehicle-
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Authors:
Biswajit Saha;Bhim Singh;Aryadip Sen;
Pages: 2974 - 2984
Abstract: In this article, an adaptive sliding mode observer (ASMO) based rotor position sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive with energy regeneration for light electric vehicle (LEV) is designed. A canonical switching cell (CSC) converter is introduced for optimized MPPT performance and soft starting of the motor is assured during sensorless start-up. The CSC converter provides ripple free current in the output to the voltage source inverter (VSI) and minimizes the losses. It also acts as a fundamental building block for a DC-DC converter with the least element counts. For position sensorless commutation of BLDC motor drive, ASMO technique with self-correction ability of commutation error is used. Estimation of rotor angular position and continuous speed tracking for closed loop control are achieved using this method. This control is robust and derived from linear model of BLDC motor. Proper stability analysis of the observer is derived and ensured using pole placement method. Optimal gain scheduling technique is used in ASMO, which reduces the order of the error function making the computation easier. This model is truly adaptive to any parameter variation and load perturbation. To ensure green mobility, a pulse-width modulated regenerative braking algorithm is also integrated using the same VSI, which avoids any additional converter. Experimental results validate this method as effective for EV applications.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A Comprehensive Multi-Functional Controller for Hybrid Energy Storage
Systems in DC Microgrids-
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Authors:
Xin Lin;Ramon Zamora;Craig A. Baguley;
Pages: 2985 - 2994
Abstract: This article proposes a comprehensive multi-functional controller for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), including a battery and supercapacitor (SC). In the presented method, a V-dP/dt is proposed to control the output power of the battery converter with a slow dynamic response. The traditional V-P droop is employed to regulate the SC converter to give a fast response. The dc bus voltage can be maintained in a safe range by the SC converter control so that no voltage recovery loop is required. Hence, the order of the overall control system and the complexity of parameter design can be reduced. In addition, a novel consensus-based voltage compensator is proposed to achieve the state of charge (SoC) balance and accurate power sharing among batteries. Then, an SoC restoration of the SC is used to address the leakage current and ensure sufficient energy for future use. Next, a power management scheme (PMS) is proposed to protect the batteries from over-use under different operating modes. Finally, the output impedance characteristics, control system design, and stability analysis are elaborated. The processor in the loop (PIL) simulation results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Perspectives on Distribution Network Flexible and Curtailable Resource
Activation and Needs Assessment-
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Authors:
Md Umar Hashmi;Arpan Koirala;Hakan Ergun;Dirk Van Hertem;
Pages: 2995 - 3008
Abstract: A curtailable and flexible resource activation framework for solving distribution network (DN) voltage and thermal congestions is used to quantify three important aspects with respect to modelling low voltage networks. This framework utilizes the network states in the absence of such flexible or curtailable resources as the input for calculating flexibility activation signal (FAS). The FAS has some similarities with optimal power flow duals associated with power balance constraint. FAS due to drooping design, incentivize corrective flexibility activation prior to any network limit violations. The nonlinear resource dispatch optimal power flow (RDOPF) utilizes FAS for the activation of flexible and curtailable resources. Solving the OPF problem for a large system is computationally intensive, and second-order cone (SOC) relaxation is often applied in the literature. First, we highlight the multi-objective nature of SOC relaxed RDOPF. A Pareto front tuning mechanism is proposed for choosing loss penalty factor while reducing the optimality gap of the SOC relaxed RDOPF. Secondly, we present a methodology for evaluating temporal and locational flexibility needs assessment of a DN, which DSO's can utilize for flexibility planning in operational timescales and procurement in the flexibility market. Lastly, we quantify the impact of reactive power flexibility for a DN with varying load power factors. Numerical simulations indicate that the presence of reactive flexibility reduces the active power flexibility needs by 50% for the test feeder with 0.8 aggregated load power factor.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Risk-Aware Battery Bidding With a Novel Benchmark Selection Under
Second-Order Stochastic Dominance-
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Authors:
Hooman Khaloie;Jamal Faraji;François Vallée;Chun Sing Lai;Jean-François Toubeau;Loi Lei Lai;
Pages: 3009 - 3018
Abstract: This paper studies the risk management of a battery bidding in both day-ahead and intraday markets arising from the uncertain nature of electricity prices. To this end, a coherent risk measure, Second-order Stochastic Dominance (SSD), which is capable of expressing battery preferences in the form of a preset fixed benchmark (profit), is incorporated into the bidding model. The SSD serves the decision-maker as a risk-averse optimizer exploring for profit distribution members greater than a preset fixed benchmark. The most challenging facet of SSD-constrained methodologies is how to effectually define the preset fixed benchmark. In this regard, first, a generic approach is offered to find the feasible region for benchmark selection in SSD-constrained optimization problems. Then, a novel benchmark selection technique considering both the decision-maker's regret and out-of-sample profit, leverages the VIKOR method to get the ranking of different solutions and find the compromise benchmark in the risk-aware environment. Consequently, two decisive criteria from both ex-ante and ex-post tests are involved in the benchmark selection procedure, making the bidding problem regret- and consequence-aware. The numerical results of the developed methodology against risk-neutral and deterministic approaches show the efficiency of the proposed model.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A Modified PWM Scheme to Improve the Power Quality of NPC Inverter Based
Solar PV Fed Induction Motor Drive for Water Pumping-
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Authors:
Safa Haq;Shuvra Prokash Biswas;Md. Kamal Hosain;Md. Ashib Rahman;Md. Rabiul Islam;Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan;Kashem M. Muttaqi;
Pages: 3019 - 3030
Abstract: This paper proposes a modified modulating signal-based pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for a neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter-based induction motor drive (IMD) for enhancing the power quality of solar photovoltaic (PV) fed water-pumping systems. During the previous several decades, the use of sustainable source-based power generation systems has benefited water pumps in household life, irrigation-based activities, and industrial sectors, especially in areas where the electric grid is less available. A critical concern has long been the power quality, speed, and torque of an induction motor used in solar PV-powered water pumping. This paper focuses on the improvement of power quality performance by minimizing total harmonic distortions (THDs), switching losses and conduction losses, and torque ripples in the induction motor driving the PV-fed water pump by using a modified PWM scheme that generates symmetrical and balanced gate driving signals for the NPC inverter employed in the IMD. The IMD with the suggested PWM switching strategy has been tested in all feasible induction motor operating situations. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested PWM scheme, a performance comparison of the proposed PWM scheme with conventional PWM schemes is performed, and also the IMD with the suggested PWM switching strategy is tested in all feasible induction motor operating situations using the MATLAB/Simulink platform. A reduced scale prototype has also been built and tested in laboratory to validate the performance of the proposed PWM technique.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A New Integrated Multilevel Inverter Topology for Renewable Energy
Transformation-
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Authors:
Md. Halim Mondol;Md. Ashib Rahman;Shuvra Prokash Biswas;Md. Rabiul Islam;Md. Faruk Kibria;Kashem M. Muttaqi;
Pages: 3031 - 3043
Abstract: This paper presents a new three-phase integrated module multilevel inverter (IMMLI) with reduced component count which is suitable for low, medium and high voltage renewable energy systems. The proposed inverter is a resultant structure of a number of integrated module and each module is configured with a number of series connected basic blocks. Each block consists of a dc voltage source, a blocking diode and a semiconductor switch. A computational combination and summation among the dc sources from different blocks results in a high number of levels within the output voltage. This task is performed by controlling the switches equipping appropriate switching algorithm. Thus, a high level of output is obtained employing reduced number of components. Since the topology owns two degree of modularity, the total stress voltage (TSV) of the system is low and distributed among the switches. Hence, the proposed topology allows to be implemented in high power systems with reduced amount of costs. The inverter also offers enhanced efficiency, as the number of simultaneously conducting switch is low. Additionally, in order to operate the presented inverter with optimum ac power quality, a multi-carrier based level shifted PWM scheme is addressed in this paper. This paper also shows how to prepare balanced dc sources that are required to implement the inverter using high-frequency magnetic-link. The operating principle of the IMMLI is explained with the help of a fifteen level (15-L) single phase unit and its performance is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink considering different conditions. Experimental validation is also presented to support the simulation results and to evaluate its superiority over the existing.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Study of Resistive SFCLs for Transient Stability Enhancement of Paralleled
Synchronous and Virtual Synchronous Generators in Weak Grid-
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Authors:
Lei Chen;Jingguang Tang;Xuefeng Qiao;Hongkun Chen;Zekai Zhao;
Pages: 3044 - 3055
Abstract: Regarding a paralleled synchronous generator (SG) and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) system connected to a weak grid, the transient stability should be given more concern. This paper proposes applying resistive superconducting fault current limiters (R-SFCLs) to boost the paralleled SG-VSG system's transient stability while meeting the current limitation requirement (CLR). Firstly, the theoretical modeling is carried out, and the influencing mechanism of the grid strength on the transient stability is clarified. Then, the functions of the R-SFCLs to the paralleled system are analyzed, and the parameter design guidelines for the R-SFCLs are stated. Time-domain simulations are implemented in MATLAB, and a detailed comparison of using the R-SFCLs and the additional torque control for the paralleled system is made. From the simulations, the proposed approach offers a more significant stabilization effect. It outperforms the additional torque control to decrease the unbalanced power, eliminate the power angle oscillation, and handle the short-circuit fault with a longer duration for the paralleled system. The viability and appropriateness of the proposed approach are well confirmed.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A Miniaturized Sealed-Off Double-Gap Pseudospark Switch for High Power and
High Repetition Rate Pulsed Discharge Applications-
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Authors:
Jiaqi Yan;Saikang Shen;Weidong Ding;Guoxiang Sun;Weizong Wang;
Pages: 3056 - 3066
Abstract: Pulsed power systems can deliver high peak power in a micro/nano-second timescale to various loads in scientific and industrial applications, whose performances are significantly influenced by the pulsed discharge switch. This article presents the development and comprehensive tests of a miniaturized sealed-off pseudospark switch. The structure of double-gap and multi-channel is adopted to achieve the high hold-off voltage and high current capacity. In single pulse tests, the influence of pressure in the switch is analyzed. As the pressure increases, values of multiple parameters decrease, like self-breakdown voltage, trigger delay, and voltage dropping time. In a wide pressure range, trigger jitter is below 3 ns, and the minimum is 106 shots stably at moderate current. Experiments prove that the designed switch has superior performances including high hold-off voltage (>50 kV), low jitter (3.5 kHz), high peak current (>40 kA), long lifetime-(>106 shots) and miniaturized size.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- On-Line Rotor Ground Fault Location Method for Brushless Synchronous
Machines-
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Authors:
Miguel Pardo;Kumar Mahtani;Carlos A. Platero;José A. Sánchez Fernández;
Pages: 3067 - 3076
Abstract: The detection of ground faults in the rotor of brushless synchronous machines is usually a difficult task due to the absence of available measurements. This article presents a new on-line rotor ground fault location method for brushless synchronous machines. The proposed method is able to detect and locate a ground fault in the excitation system without removing the rotor for testing. The method is based on the measurement of the exciter field current and on the analysis of a voltage. This voltage is measured at a high ohmic grounding resistor installed between the neutral of the exciter armature and ground through a slip ring. The method has been validated by computer simulations and by experimental tests using a special laboratory setup, obtaining excellent results.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Quasi Opposition-Based Quantum Pieris Rapae and Parametric Curve Search
Optimization for Real Power Loss Reduction and Stability Enhancement-
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Authors:
Kanagasabai Lenin;
Pages: 3077 - 3085
Abstract: In this paper Quasi Opposition-Based Quantum Pieris rapae optimization (QOQP) and Parametric Curve Search Optimization (PCSO) are modeled for resolving loss subsiding problem. Loss curtailing and minimizing the power aberration are the key objectives of the work. Quantum and quasi opposition has been integrated in Pieris rapae optimization to augment the quality of the search. Exploration procedure involves of repositioning functioning and Pieris rapae changeable operation. Quantum mechanics has been united with Pieris rapae optimization algorithm. In quantum process, topographies contend with the equivalent enactment with the definite period as they course in a reliable ground of medium. Quasi opposition-based learning is an enhanced version of Opposition based learning and it employs quasi-opposite points as an alternative of opposed points. Parametric curve search optimization algorithm engenders a new-fangled matrix at the commencement of iterations through arbitrarily designated patterns and it possesses multiple module mutation operators. Parametric curve search optimization algorithm also utilizes polynomials to yield the patterns which are mutated. In the proposed parametric curve search optimization algorithm approach mutation and crossover operators are architecturally modest, rapid, and exceptional which yields extremely effectual experimental patterns. Proposed quasi opposition-based quantum pieris rapae optimization (QOQP) and Parametric Curve Search Optimization (PCSO) is corroborated in 23 benchmark functions, Garver's 6-bus test system, IEEE 354 bus test system and Practical system - WDN 220 KV (Unified Egyptian Transmission Network (UETN)).
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- An Extended Experimental Study on Control of Unstable and Non-Minimum
Phase Plants With the Cascaded Form of a Fractional Order Compensator-
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Authors:
Reetam Mondal;Jayati Dey;
Pages: 3086 - 3097
Abstract: With the advent and emergence of calculus with fractional order (FO), the generalized form of the integer order (IO) has created significant advancement in the field of control. The real time systems represented by the FO models are more accurate enough developing improved performance in contrast to the classical IO one. In this context, the area is still deficient of methodical design algorithms with the different available structures of the FO compensators to control the various types of any unstable and non-minimum phase (NMP) Linear Time Invariant (LTI) plants. There is dearth of detailed analytical and experimental work on the cascaded form of this FO lead compensator in the available literatures. The cascaded structure of the non-integer order compensator is therefore employed here through classical control theory to exhibit the simplified design method in frequency domain explicitly through numerical studies and MATLAB simulation results. These FO compensators with its non-integer order helps one to add the required exact magnitude and phase to the plant to be compensated at a particular frequency thus leading to the unique solution of the desired compensator parameters. This proposition has been further extended to compensate a highly non-linear unstable NMP Cart-Inverted Pendulum System. Experimental results have been appended in support of the method explained to show the applicability of this study in control system design.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Multi-Layer Fault-Tolerant Protection Strategies for Hybrid Distribution
Transformers Integrated Photovoltaic Systems-
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Authors:
Lishi Zhang;Yibin Liu;Yuheng Wang;Deliang Liang;Zihan Kong;Qidong Wen;Hua Liu;Yachen Gao;Zihao Wu;Chenxi Wang;Lutian Tang;
Pages: 3098 - 3109
Abstract: The hybrid distribution transformer integrated photovoltaic system (HDT-PV) is a promising solution for realizing the local consumption of distributed solar energy and solving the problems of the following power quality in the active distribution network. Due to the integration of power electronic converters and photovoltaic systems with low-frequency transformers, the fault situations of the HDT-PVs are more complicated and frequent than those of conventional distribution transformers. The lack of protection strategies for the HDT-PV, a new type of power equipment, greatly reduces its reliability and limits its potential for practical applications. To address this issue, the paper proposes multi-layer protection strategies for the HDT-PVs to remove the faulty part under different possible failure conditions. For each protection strategy, the corresponding fault-tolerant control system of the HDT-PV is designed to ensure the normal operation of other functions under different fault conditions. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-layer fault-tolerant protection strategies for the HDT-PVs.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Boost-Up Efficiency of Defective Solar Panel Detection With Pre-Trained
Attention Recycling-
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Authors:
YeongHyeon Park;Myung Jin Kim;Uju Gim;Juneho Yi;
Pages: 3110 - 3120
Abstract: Methods that enable the visual inspection of solar panels are currently in demand, as a huge number of solar panels are now being deployed as a sustainable energy source. One of the solutions for inspection automation is an end-to-end deep learning framework, but this is not recommended for this problem because such a framework requires not only powerful computational resources, but also a large-scale class-balanced dataset. In this study, we present a cost-effective solar panel defect detection method. We emphasize the spatial feature of defects by utilizing an attention map that is generated by a pre-trained attention mechanism that can give attention on stroke ends, gathering, and bends. We define and extract 13 statistical features from the attention map, and then feed them into conventional machine learning model. Therefore, we no longer require energy depleting models such as end-to-end neural classifiers to discriminate between non-defective and defective panels. Five conventional machine learning models and one state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep learning model—i. e., EfficientNet—are used to generalize the experimental results. The results of the comparative experiments indicate that our approach, which includes attention mechanism recycling and statistical feature extraction, is guaranteed to provide cost-effective defect detection in general with performance that is competitive with that of recent SOTA. In future research, we expect that our approach can be adopted in other defect detection tasks such as steel or film manufacturing processes.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- A Flexible and Reliable Internet-of-Things Solution for Real-Time
Production Tracking With High Performance and Secure Communication-
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Authors:
Boon-Yaik Ooi;Wai-Kong Lee;Martin J. W. Shubert;Yu-Wei Ooi;Chee-Yang Chin;Wing-Hon Woo;
Pages: 3121 - 3132
Abstract: The concept of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) has attracted a lot of attention from academia and industry in recent years. Many existing manufacturers are forced to relook into their exiting production processes, exploring modern ways to improve the yields. Unfortunately, this is difficult to achieve when the data is limited. The situation is particularly serious for many SMEs in developing countries, wherein the manufacturing machines are not up-to-date and lack computational and connectivity capabilities. As an initiative to tackle this issue, we present an end-to-end Internet-of-Things (IoT) solution in this paper, aiming at tracking the production performance of old manufacturing machines reliably. This paper goes over the designs and reasoning behind the proposed solution. We also demonstrated that with careful optimization, high-performance secure encryption key encapsulation and decapsulation are achievable, which is critical for secure communication in IoT systems. As of the time of writing, our IoT system had been deployed in a real manufacturing environment and had been running continuously for approximately 365 days without data loss over the wide area network (WAN).
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- The Performance of Chitosan-based Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor
Applications towards Sustainable Energy Technologies-
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Authors:
Sayem M. Abu;M. N. M. Ansari;Ali Q. Al-Shetwi;Kashem M Muttaqi;M. A. Hannan;
Pages: 3133 - 3141
Abstract: In sustainable technologies, the application of supercapacitors (SC) for energy conversion and storage systems is rapidly increasing. Supercapacitors are widely employed in applications that require fast charge and discharge phases, such as in the automobile industry, where they are utilized in energy storage. Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer material utilized in supercapacitor fabrication. Interest in supercapacitors is due to their high-energy capacity, storage for a shorter period, and longer lifetime. In this research, the fabrication of symmetric supercapacitors with activated carbon (AC) electrodes has been investigated in order to analyze their performance characteristics. AC is derived from CS biomass, which has remarkable biodegradability. It has been chemically activated using ZnCl2 as the activating agent. CS has been activated inside a furnace at 500, 600, and 700 °C in an inert N2 atmosphere. A 1M aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is used as the electrolyte. The test using electrolytes (KOH) revealed that the electrode's specific capacitance was 74.7 Fg−1, the highest value discovered. However, using organic electrolytes would have produced better results that can be used as a guide for future advancements. The influence of activation temperature on the porous characteristics of prepared AC was investigated utilizing surface area and pore size analyses. The morphological characteristics of synthesized AC were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). Symmetric SC electrodes fabricated is analyzed in a two-electrode system applying standard electrochemical characterization methods using the potentiostat. Symmetric SC electrodes fabricated are analyzed in a two-electrode system applying standard electrochemical characterization methods using the potentiostat.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- Substation Safety Awareness Intelligent Model: Fast Personal Protective
Equipment Detection Using GNN Approach-
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Authors:
Meng Zhao;Masoud Barati;
Pages: 3142 - 3150
Abstract: Federal regulations require employees to protect themselves from electrical hazards when working at substations. Such protections, commonly called personal protective equipment (PPE), vary with the hazard types and nature of exposure or delivery. Over the past decades, personal injuries and fatalities from electrical hazards have remained relatively common despite regular risk assessments and controls. One reason for this is that adequate PPE is not appropriately used. Easy-to-deploy strategies to detect proper use of PPE for electrical hazards are not available. Here, an intelligent detection model is developed to check whether PPE is appropriately worn or not; warning alarms would be triggered when the usage does not follow safety regulations. Arc-flash analysis is employed to determine a reasonable and safe PPE guideline. Eight types of PPE are considered, which cover the major PPE categories utilized in practice, including medical masks recommended for the Covid-19 pandemic. The model's framework utilizes a few-shot based graph neural network (GNN) technique to detect PPE. In contrast to prior data-driven models, only 50 images were collected for each PPE type, a relatively small number compared with state-of-the-art research. The proposed model was trained with diversified samples within multiple environments, resulting in a robust, efficient, intelligent detection model with probability of similarity in the range of 79%–100%. To tackle the existing issues of computer-vision based PPE detection models, some technical suggestions on preserving personal privacy and PPE labels are provided.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
- An Analysis of Accidents of Electrical Origin in Brazil between 2016 and
2021-
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Authors:
Danilo Ferreira de Souza;Walter Aguiar Martins;Edson Martinho;Sérgio Roberto Santos;
Pages: 3151 - 3160
Abstract: Accidents caused by electricity are responsible for countless deaths and injuries of people/animals and damage to buildings and facilities worldwide. Although sufficient knowledge is available on making electrical installations safe, many countries do not have organized data on accidents of electrical origin, making it challenging to implement effective public policies to reduce the risk of accidents caused by electricity. Therefore, this research aims to present a methodology for collecting data from electrical accidents through the Google LLC alert monitor. The research methodology includes obtaining and analyzing electrical-related accident data involving electric shock, fires of electrical origin, and lightning. The application of this approach in Brazil between 2016 and 2021 validates this methodology. The analysis of this data points to a significant increase in accidents of electrical origin in the analyzed period. All categories of fatal accidents between 2016 and 2021 showed a marked increase; 10.3% due to electric shocks; 33.3%; due to lightning; 42.2% in fires caused by overload or short circuits. In the case of deaths from electric shock and lightning, more than 75% were men, and in the case of deaths from electrical fires, most were elderly and children. The analysis also includes detailed information about age and sex, the location of the accident, date, and cause. Consequently, guidelines to prevent the principal types of accidents of electrical origin from occurring could be developed.
PubDate:
May-June 2023
Issue No: Vol. 59, No. 3 (2023)
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