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Journal of Urban Affairs
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.014  Citation Impact (citeScore): 2 Number of Followers: 28  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 0735-2166 - ISSN (Online) 1467-9906 Published by John Wiley and Sons  [1764 journals]
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- A systematic review of construction safety research: quantitative and
qualitative content analysis approach-
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Authors: Kishor Bhagwat , Venkata Santosh Kumar Delhi
Abstract: Construction safety management (CSM) has been intensively researched in the last four decades but hitherto mostly aimed at understanding root causes of accidents, recommending preventive measures and evaluating their implications. However, a systematic effort to present a comprehensive picture of construction safety research is hardly witnessed. Therefore, the study aims to investigate construction safety research contributors, ontologies, themes, evolution, emerging trends and future directions using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. A total of 877 journal articles were extracted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Scopus literature database and were analyzed using VOSviewer and Nvivo tools to present a comprehensive picture of the CSM body of knowledge. The study observed rapid growth in construction safety research with contributions from various countries, organizations and researchers. This study identified 3 research levels, 8 project phases, 10 project types, 6 research instruments and 19 research data sources along with their usage in the research domain. Further, the study identified 13 emerging research themes, 4 emerging research trends and an observed paradigm shift from reactive to proactive CSM approach. The comprehensive study on the emerging themes and findings on proactive CSM has strategic implications to practice to incorporate safety. The identified future directions can assist researchers in bridging the existing gaps and strengthening emerging research trends. The study presents a comprehensive picture of the CSM body of knowledge using the content analysis approach that was absent in past literature and opened future research avenues.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-10-14
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-04-2021-0068
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Antecedents of noise pollution control behaviour of employees of
construction companies-
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Authors: Mekhala Kaluarachchi , K.G.A.S. Waidyasekara , Raufdeen Rameezdeen
Abstract: Construction activities generate noise that is harmful to workers and the neighbouring community. Engineering control methods are often used for its control which are expensive and limited in effectiveness. This study aims to investigate factors that affect employee behaviour and how it could be used by construction companies to manage noise pollution on sites. Norm Activation Model (NAM) is used to investigate the relationship between attitudes and behaviour of site-based employees using a questionnaire survey administered in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The responses were analysed using structural equation modelling to discern behavioural patterns and how it differs between managers and workers. The results showed that behaviour of site employees could be influenced when they are aware of the consequences of noise pollution and take responsibility for its control. Personal norm of an employee and company's environmental behaviour are found to influence the behaviour in a positive manner. Construction companies should focus more on how to harness their employee's behaviour in order to reduce noise pollution on sites. Employees should be made aware of consequences of noise pollution and feel responsible for their actions through training, awareness campaigns, signage and so on. This study contributes to the literature by building a theoretical model of employee noise control behaviour in construction organizations and empirically testing it among managers and workers. It compares the differences between these two groups which enhances one’s understanding of behavioural control methods when applied in a construction project setting. The study also evaluates the effects of company's environmental behaviour on employee behaviour.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-10-12
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-04-2020-0071
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Carbon footprint evaluation of local dwellings in Bangladesh towards low
carbon society-
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Authors: Rezuana Islam , Sajal Chowdhury , Nusrat Jannat , Pranjib Paul
Abstract: Local dwellings of Bangladesh have specific environmental characteristics. These dwellings extensively use locally available materials and construction techniques. Therefore, carbon footprint (CF), as a prominent environmental parameter, is greatly affected by construction materials and techniques. Nonetheless, scientific justification is limited to evaluate CF of these dwellings in Bangladesh according to different local construction materials. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate different rural dwellings’ CF for both construction and operational phases toward the development of low carbon society in Bangladesh. For evaluating CF, literature review and field studies were conducted to specify and categorize cases. An intensive field monitoring and occupant's survey were performed during summer. A widely recognized compliant database and assessment tool “Ecoinvent v3” was used based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040 and 14044. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to evaluate constructional and operational stages of carbon emission using hybrid methods formed by process-based and economic input–output life cycle analysis (EIO-LCA) approaches. The study indicates that different building materials significantly impact on dwelling's amount of carbon emission according to construction techniques. Brick dwelling's construction stage carbon emission was nearly 3.86 times higher than timber, whereas, 6.75 times higher than mud dwelling. In terms of operational stage, local brick dwelling emits higher carbon compared to others relating to occupants’ lifestyle and activities. This study will contribute to helping professionals and policy-makers to interpret and evaluate architectural design and construction processes for improving low-carbon dwellings in Bangladesh.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-10-04
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-01-2021-0018
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- A conceptual framework for managing post-disaster reconstruction projects
in emerging economies: the case of Angola-
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Authors: Nyamagere Gladys Sospeter , Pantaleo D. Rwelamila , Joaquim J. Gimbi
Abstract: This study develops a conceptual framework appropriate for managing Post-Disaster Reconstruction Projects (PDRPs) so as to avoid cost and time overruns in Angola. An explanatory sequential mixed research approach was used. Data was collected from project participants within the ministry of planning, the provincial government office of planning and the local government in Angola. A questionnaire with closed questions was completed by 130 survey respondents. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with seven participants selected through purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics, t-test and content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. The study indicates that there is presently no formal project management process. Neither have government project management standards been developed and broadcast. This results in ad hoc processes being mostly used for managing PDRPs. The study further presents disaster preparation programme, community engagement, resources and stakeholder's engagement, post-disaster procurement policies, financial guides, post-disaster recovery legislation, context-specific (social economic, demographic, political and cultural variables), programme preparation as essential components to be considered for developing an appropriate framework for managing PDRPs. The study is limited by its geographical settings which focussed the results on one province in Angola. However, the findings can be useful for other countries wishing to gain insights on the framework with “overlooked components” for managing DPRPs in emerging countries with similar disaster environment, government policies and same business environment. The framework for managing PDRPs may positively impact project realization, hence minimization of time and cost overruns. The findings are vital for managers, local practitioners and policy/decision-makers in emerging countries of essential components and lessons useful for managing PDRPs and making decisions when they intend to participate in such projects. An understanding of which approaches are critical and essential components of the framework serves as a basis for improving project delivery. Future research studies should describe its practical application. The study provides insights by identifying an ordered grouped set of project management models/approaches mostly applicable for managing PDRPs in Angola, better understanding of appropriate components/variables to be considered and develops a conceptual framework for managing PDRPs in emerging countries, post-war context.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-10-01
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-03-2021-0040
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Transport infrastructure, accessibility and residential property values:
evidence from Hong Kong-
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Authors: Jayantha Wadu Mesthrige , Tayyab Maqsood
Abstract: Hong Kong, like many other developed cities and countries, invests heavily in transport development. This study investigates whether the speculative benefits of future improvements in accessibility, brought about by impending transport development, will be capitalized into nearby residential property values even prior to the opening of the development. Deviating from the standard hedonic price approach, the present study employed a fixed-effects model with a large data set of residential property transactions in the vicinity of three-stations situated along a newly proposed mass-transit-railway line in Hong Kong. The results suggest that the values of residential properties close to stations do reflect the accessibility enhancements to be brought about by transport improvements even before the opening of the line. Results revealed a 6.5% of property value premium after the announcement of construction; and higher up to 6.7% after the operation of the line. This indicates that forthcoming new transport-infrastructure development produces changes in spatial price-gradients for neighbouring residential properties. Findings indicate that potential buyers/investors recognized the positive benefits of the planned transportation development, even before completion of the project, and are ready to pay a premium for those properties close to railway stations, representing clear evidence that residential property prices/values, near stations, reflect anticipated accessibility enhancements brought about by transport improvements. This study, using a novel approach – a fixed-effects model to capture the speculative benefits of future improvements in transport infrastructure – provides a positive hypothesis that expected benefits of future improvements in accessibility are capitalized into property values.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-09-09
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-01-2021-0019
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Designing for construction procurement: an integrated Decision Support
System for Building Information Modelling-
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Authors: Mostafa Babaeian Jelodar , Suzanne Wilkinson , Roohollah Kalatehjari , Yang Zou
Abstract: Many applications of Building Information modelling (BIM) are already integrated into project management processes. However, the construction industry is suffering from poor decision-making, especially during procurement where fundamental decisions are made. To make the best decisions at earlier project stages, such as design, large amount of information needs to be processed and classified. Therefore, this study seeks to create a Decision Support System (DSS) for construction procurement through the application of existing informatics infrastructure and BIM applications. Literature review expert interviews and case studies with complex procurement considerations were used to identify and validate attributes and criterions for procurement decision-making. Accordingly, Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) methodology was used and mathematical models were driven as the foundation for a DSS. Five major criterions of time, cost, relationship quality, sustainability and quality of work performed was identified for complex construction procurement decision-making. Accordingly, a DSS structure and mathematical model was proposed. Based on this a model architecture was developed for the integration of the DSS into Autodesk Revit as a BIM platform, and assist in pre-contract decision-making. The results can be used in pre-contract selection processes via currently used BIM applications. The model architecture can integrate DSS outputs to nD models, cloud systems and potentially virtual reality facilities to facilitate better construction operations and smarter more automated processes. This study formulates and captures complex and unstructured information on construction procurement into a practical DSS model. The study provides a link to integrate solutions with already available platforms and technologies. The study also introduces the concept of designing for procurement; which can be expanded to other challenging decisions during construction.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-09-08
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-07-2020-0132
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Integrating risk management's best practices to estimate deep excavation
projects’ time and cost-
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Authors: Gholamreza Heravi , Amir Hosein Taherkhani , Soroush Sobhkhiz , Ali Hassandokht Mashhadi , Rouzbeh Zahiri-Hashemi
Abstract: This study provides an integrated risk-based cost and time estimation approach for deep excavation projects. The purpose is to identify the best practices in recent advances of excavation risk analysis (RA) and integrate them with traditional cost and time estimation methods. The implemented best practices in this research are as follows: (1) fault-tree analysis (FTA) for risk identification (RI); (2) Bayesian belief networks (BBNs), fuzzy comprehensive analysis and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for risk analysis; and (3) sensitivity analysis and root-cause analysis (RCA) for risk response planning (RRP). The proposed approach is applied in an actual deep excavation project in Tehran, Iran. The results show that the framework proposes a practical approach for integrating the risk management (RM) best practices in the domain of excavation projects with traditional cost and time estimation approaches. The proposed approach can consider the interrelationships between risk events and identify their root causes. Further, the approach engages different stakeholders in the process of RM, which is beneficial for determining risk owners and responsibilities. This research contributes to the project management body of knowledge by integrating recent RM best practices in deep excavation projects for probabilistic estimation of project time and cost.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-08-25
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-11-2020-0180
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Strategies to promote collaborative governance regime in Indian rural road
maintenance-
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Authors: Tharun Dolla , Boeing Laishram
Abstract: Effective maintenance of rural roads is an essential aspect of public infrastructure delivery. However, governments failed to upkeep the built infrastructure. Accordingly, this study addresses this pressing issue by identifying attributes, skills and resources for asset maintenance. To do this, collaborative governance, a recent plausible alternative in the public policy literature, is used. The literature review proffered 29 strategies for operationalising collaborative governance principles. A questionnaire survey with the public sector representatives comprising top-level, mid-level and lower-level engineers was used to test the applicability of these strategies in rural infrastructure maintenance of India. The rated responses concerning strategies were subjected to exploratory factor analysis to determine the underlying structure for reducing the dimensions to make them practically operational. The exploratory factor analysis showed that six dimensions play an essential role in initiating and promoting collaboration. This parsimonious framework suggests building a common collaborative framework, communicating vision and fostering communities, leadership, increasing the industry's capacity, transparency of power and responsibilities, and technical and financial resources. Thus, governments’ initiatives to build collaboration is most prominent in initiating and sustaining a successful collaboration. The practical strategies reinforced through this study can formalise self-initiated regimes or independently convened regimes to a federally directed regime well within the scope of the national programmes. Thus, findings primarily have considerable implications to emerging countries where reducing the unit costs to save the public exchequer from wastage and preventing assets from becoming dilapidate are essential. Public sector practitioners often lack the essential skills and innovative thinking and thus offered new knowledge would transform the traditional practices in infrastructure maintenance. Theoretically, the present research advances the understanding of structures and processes for collaborative governance theory to non-contractual infrastructure asset management literature.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-08-24
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-01-2021-0024
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Underlying factors for successful project management to construct
sustainable built assets-
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Authors: Marios Stanitsas , Konstantinos Kirytopoulos
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the underlying factors that give rise to the set of sustainability indicators which are used for the implementation of sustainable construction projects and eventually the production of sustainable built assets. To accomplish the purpose of this research, an online questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of 200 experts. By employing the statistical method of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), five distinct dimensions (factors) of stakeholders' attitudes were revealed. The findings indicate that the sustainability indicators are based on five underlying factors, namely (1) sustainable competitiveness; (2) stakeholder engagement; (3) sustainable economic growth; (4) social sustainability; and (5) resource conservation and environmental policy. More studies would be welcome to verify the underlying factors revealed in this paper. The knowledge of the underlying factors enables senior management to maintain a balance of choices during the project management (PM) phase in order to implement and deliver sustainable construction projects. Furthermore, the findings deepen the understanding toward sustainable PM practices by providing insights on its core attributes. As a theoretical contribution to knowledge, this study enhances the body of knowledge by revealing the underlying factors that give rise to the predefined set of the 82 sustainability indicators which are used to enable sustainable construction projects. In practice, the findings aid senior management in adopting strategies that enhance the delivery of sustainable construction projects.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-08-18
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-10-2020-0166
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- A level of service framework for service-centric asset management planning
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Authors: Jehan Zeb
Abstract: The purpose is to develop and implement a systematic approach to define the level of service (LoS) consistently and efficiently. The framework will assist professionals to make decisions based on service performance and transform to a service-centric decision-making paradigm in the domain of asset management. A three-step approach is used to develop the framework. A comprehensive literature review is conducted (Step 1), which is followed by a discussion with experts (Step 2). Based on the desktop review and field discovery, the framework is developed and implemented (Step 3). The framework represents key components in four phases. The first phase identifies the potential service customers. The second phase defines the customer values and LoS measures at three levels: organisation, customer and technical. Implementation is done in the third phase, whereas monitoring and evaluation as part of continuous improvement are accomplished in the fourth phase. The challenges of this research work are categorised as follows. Strategic challenges focus on the awareness and alignment of strategic goals. Informational and financial challenges discuss non-availability of related information and cost-effectiveness of data collection, respectively. Human challenges discuss the availability of adequate human resources with an adequate skill set. Others discuss the non-availability of defined processes and procedures. Theoretically, the framework represents key performance management concepts to develop an integrated approach to define the acceptable LoS effectively. Practically, professionals can use the framework to define the LoS consistently and efficiently. Existing guides and frameworks represent a set of performance management concepts; however, these do not specify an integrated approach to define, align and integrate the LoS or performance goals. The proposed framework is developed to fill this gap.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-08-10
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-12-2020-0192
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- A network of circular economy villages: design guidelines for 21st century
Garden Cities-
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Authors: Steven Liaros
Abstract: The purpose is to open the possibility for a research institute, perhaps in partnership with a local council and a major developer, to bring together skills necessary to prototype the CEV development model. This paper advances the development of a hypothetical, systems-based approach to the design and development of smart rural villages – a network of circular economy villages (CEVs). The method is to assimilate visionary ideas from 20th century town planning literature related to decentralisation and the development of new towns in rural areas, identifying key design principles. The present trajectory of infrastructure design and emerging development models are then analysed to modernise the design principles for implementation in the 21st century. The availability of localised, renewable energy micro-grids potentially makes CEVs feasible and affordable. The shift to remote work and movement of people to regional areas suggests that this may be a desirable development form. This can only be confirmed through the development of a pilot project as proof of concept. The proposed CEV development model applies circular economy strategies to every aspect of the smart rural village development including financing, ownership, spatial planning, design and material selection.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-07-27
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-01-2021-0004
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- A curriculum guide model to the next normal in developing construction
supervisory training programmes-
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Authors: Kesavan Manoharan , Pujitha B.G. Dissanayake , Chintha Pathirana , Dharsana Deegahawature , K.D. Renuka Ruchira Silva
Abstract: This study aims to develop a curriculum guide model to upgrade the construction supervision practices, considering evolving challenges and thereby the next normal of the industry. Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to identify productivity-related challenges that can be addressed through effective supervision in construction. Meetings, discussions, workshops and surveys were conducted among construction experts to systematically develop the competencies of construction supervision. The necessary mapping models were used to identify the level of outcomes for each competency element along with the learning domains and programme outcomes. A curriculum guide model consisting of 64 competency elements has been introduced with corresponding assessment weightages and mapping outcomes. Using this model, a new training programme has been designed and tested with weightage percentages on learning domains. Although the scope of the study is limited to Sri Lanka, the findings can be interpreted for critical learning in other developing countries too. The study outcomes are expected to make a high impact on improving the standards of vocational training education in the country, thereby upgrading the current industry practices. The developed guide model is expected to be a valuable tool for training providers/organisations in upgrading their programmes/practices with the scope of productivity improvement. The obtained mapping outcomes are significant for the evolving next normal situations in teaching, learning and assessment methods with regard to construction supervision practices.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-07-15
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-02-2021-0038
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- A DfX-based approach for incorporating sustainability in infrastructure
project planning-
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Authors: Marina Marinelli
Abstract: This paper investigates how the “Design for Sustainability” mindset of the manufacturing sector can be effectively transferred in the context of construction and proposes appropriate implementation tools for the promotion of sustainability in infrastructure projects' planning and design. The Design for Excellence (DfX) approach is first investigated in the context of manufacturing through the review of related literature, and the goals of Design for Sustainability (DfS), in particular, are specified. The suggestions of the literature are used as a basis for the development of the conceptually equivalent goals in the context of infrastructure projects and to highlight the construction management strategies which qualify as potential DfS tools. This paper presents how well-known construction planning and management methods, techniques or strategies such as cost–benefit analysis, sustainability-driven procurement, contractors' involvement in design, value-based design, building information modeling (BIM) and buildability review enable the holistic promotion of the triple bottom line in feasibility, design and procurement of infrastructure projects, when combined in the context of an integrated planning approach. The DfX mindset has very limited presence in the construction literature. This paper attempts to conceptualize its scope in the context of infrastructure projects while putting the multidimensional concept of sustainability as primary planning and design consideration. The proposed planning approach and the systematic mapping of the respective implementation tools can facilitate the decision-makers to achieve the desired sustainability benefits, in line with their priorities.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-04-29
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-05-2020-0083
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Allocating scarce financial resources effectively through function
analysis in social housing projects-
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Authors: Luane Assunção Paiva Melo , Clara Beatriz Ferreira de Oliveira , Reymard Savio Sampaio de Melo
Abstract: Budget constraints faced by social housing projects (SHPs) developers can lead to poor value delivery to the end-users. Without a structured method to guide the decision-making processes during product development, SHP often fails to meet user needs and aspirations. Function analysis (FA) is an essential step in a value management (VM) study. Still, FA practice in SHP has been treated with secondary importance. This paper aims to propose a method for improving FA practice in the VM process for a Brazilian SHP to achieve optimum benefits. The research followed Design Science Research (DSR) in a specific single case study context, focusing on solving practical problems while contributing to theory. The method has 11 steps and guides a complete VM exercise. Its development was based on prior VM research. Focus group meetings were held to get feedback about the initial method's version to increase its relevancy and applicability in the studied context. The proposed method suggests that scarce financial resources in SHP do not necessarily lead to low-value delivery and low-design quality. When FA is fully implemented, opportunities for cost reallocations to enhance value are identified. VM prior research in construction has not provided a specific method for improving FA practice for social housing developers to enhance value in the context of scarce financial resources.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-04-07
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-04-2020-0079
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Automation in New Zealand's offsite construction (OSC): a status update
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Authors: Genevieve Darlow , James O.B. Rotimi , Wajiha Mohsin Shahzad
Abstract: Automation facilitates production activities within offsite construction (OSC) projects through computer-controlled and mechanised systems that can be programmed to deliver various products in a self-regulating sequence. Despite known benefits of automation to offsite production, the level of automation adoption in New Zealand is low. This study is an effort to understand the current status of automation within the New Zealand construction industry and to identify the barriers and enablers to its uptake. This study utilises the qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews (open-ended questions). Using a referral sampling strategy (snowballing), fifteen New Zealand industry experts were interviewed, and the data collected were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The study found that there is a weak business case for full automation. Four main categories of barriers to the uptake of automated OSC were identified, including requirement of high capital cost, lack of education about automation and OSC and non-existence of regulations to support OSC. It was noted that financial supports to the OSC sub-sector in form of subsidies, tax waivers, and enhanced leasing model could enhance the uptake of automation. Further to this more awareness about OSC's automation and regulations suitable for OSC could enhance the confidence of business owners to invest in this area. Originality of this paper stems from the fact that, not much attention has been paid to investigating the uptake of automation for OSC sub-sector of construction industry in New Zealand context.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-03-25
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-11-2020-0174
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Design for maintainability tool for nano-façade coating applications on
high-rise facades in the tropics-
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Authors: Sheila Conejos , Aristotle Ubando , Michael Yit Lin Chew
Abstract: The self-cleaning properties of nanostructured titanium dioxide facade coatings are useful in Singapore's tropical climate. However, its potential maintenance issues need to be determined right at the design stage. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the development of the design for maintainability tool which is a multicriteria design decision score sheet that evaluates the maintainability potential of nano-facade coating applications on high-rise façades with concrete and stonemasonry finishes and curtain walls. Quantitative methods (expert and practitioner surveys) are conducted in this research study. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and sensitivity analysis were used to develop a robust Design for Maintainability tool. Safety measures indicator received the highest weighted score by experts, while the maximizing performance, minimizing risk, minimizing negative environmental impact and minimizing consumption of matter and energy were the top ranking main criteria by both experts and practitioners. The top ranked design for maintainability sub-criteria identified by practitioners and experts were risk management, maintenance considerations, climatic conditions, safety measures, lifecycle cost and maintenance access, sun's path, rainfall intensity, biological growth measures and building age profile. Most researches on the maintainability of nano-façade coatings uses experimentation to test the durability of nano-façade coatings, while this study focuses on design based empirical data such as establishing and ranking the list of design for maintainability criteria or indicators to minimize future defects and maintenance issues. The design for maintainability tool contributes to the maintainability of nano-façade coatings leading to maximizing its performance while minimizing cost, risks, resource consumption and negative environmental impact.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-03-11
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-04-2020-0078
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Indicators bank for smart and resilient cities: design of excellence
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Authors: Hamed Khatibi , Suzanne Wilkinson , Heiman Dianat , Mostafa Baghersad , Khaled Ghaedi , Ahad Javanmardi
Abstract: The study aims to use DfX to develop a comprehensive database of smart and resilient indicators that assists city administrators and authorities alike. The Smart and Resilient Cities Indicators Bank (SRCIB) will identify the level of smart and resilience determinants that will simultaneously provide ways to improve the city's infrastructure to meet smart and resilient objectives. Design of excellence (DfX) is adopted in dissecting from four best indicators of established systems, and a database of indicators is developed and specified in diverse ways. A new indicator system is then created for smart and resilient cities. The proposed indicator bank consists of four layers consisting of dimension, sub-dimension, key issues and the number of indicators resulting from four different indicator systems that the study have analysed. The proposed indicator bank is an exploratory approach that needs to be tested in a real scenario because the urban systems are complex inter-related systems with too many variables that may influence actual outcomes. Thus, the proposed indicators bank does not attempt to quantify or solve related urban issues commonly address in smart and resilient city concepts but more to enhance the management of attaining towards smart and resilient specifications. The proposed indicator bank is an exploratory approach that needs to be tested in a real scenario because the urban systems are complex inter-related systems with too many variables that may influence actual outcomes. Thus, the proposed indicators bank does not attempt to quantify or solve related urban issues commonly address smart and resilient city concepts but more to enhance the management of attaining smart and resilient specifications. The study builds a robust guide for assessing smart and resilient cities that is yet a widely accessible assessment framework. The proposed SRCIB allows local authorities and relevant stakeholders of typical cities to better manage its urban agenda towards smart and resilient city objectives when specific indicators are defined. Besides, a smart city can become resilient; likewise, a resilient city can become smart as the SRCIB is comprehensive.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-03-04
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-07-2020-0122
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Empirical investigation of the applicability of constructability methods
to prevent design errors-
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Authors: Gabriel Raviv , Aviad Shapira , Rafael Sacks
Abstract: The paper aims to identify the effective constructability methods and tools that should be applied during the early project design stages to prevent specific constructability failures regarding project context. Seventeen basic constructability problems were defined, 12 constructability implementation methods for investigation were selected, and a general tool representing potential causal connections between the problems and the methods that could prevent them was developed. A comparative case study was conducted through a rigorous investigation of the construction documentation of four major building construction projects. Nearly four hundred constructability problems were identified. The tool developed was used to draw conclusions about the preferred constructability methods, in general, and with respect to specific project contexts. The managerial approach offers the best methods for preventing constructability problems. The major methods that emerged were (1) assigning a constructability champion, (2) facilitating the involvement of the general contractor early in the design process, and (3) augmenting design quality control. At the other end of the scale, methods such as company procedures and owner involvement were found to be the least effective. The paper offers the ability to relate constructability problems to preventive mechanisms and to identify the appropriate steps to be taken to resolve these problems. The mechanism described here can be used by construction companies that keep failure data within accounting files to check projects in retrospect and draw lessons from them to be implemented in future projects.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-02-02
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-02-2020-0028
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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- Guest editorial
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Menaha Thayaparan, Andrew Ross
Built Environment Project and Asset Management, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp.489-492 Built Environment Project and Asset Management 2021-10-21
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-10-2021-193
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Exploring the barriers for implementing waste trading practices in the
construction industry in Australia-
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Authors: Shiyamini Ratnasabapathy , Ali Alashwal , Srinath Perera
Abstract: The construction industry is a major generator of waste, which has a high potential to yield a substantial amount of waste into the economy as a valuable resource. Waste trading (WT) is a sustainable strategy for improving resource utilisation and transitioning the construction industry towards the circular economy. However, resource recovery through WT is greatly impeded by several barriers which have not been highlighted in previous research. This paper aims to determine the barriers for implementing effective WT practices in the Australian construction and demolition (C&D) sector. To achieve the aim of this research, a triangulation approach of quantitative and qualitative methods has been used. This mixed-method approach combines a comprehensive literature review, a questionnaire survey using an expert forum and semi-structured interviews with industry experts. This study has explored a wide range of barriers to the practices of WT in the C&D sector, which have been categorised based on six perspectives. From a collective perspective, the technical barriers were found to be most important among other categories. The key individual barriers found in this study include the following: the high cost associated with sorting and processing of waste on-site, lack of consistent waste data and reporting system at project, industry and national level, insufficient secured and established market for reusable/recycled waste materials, lack of communication and coordination among stakeholders, lack of user-friendly and active web-based waste exchange systems (with reliable waste information) and lack of incentives from the government to encourage market development. Overcoming these barriers collectively would enable the wide application of WT, which in turn, would have a positive impact on the economy, environment and efficiency of the industry. The outcomes of this study are based on the data collected only in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia which is considered as the limitation of this study. This study contributes to the body of knowledge of C&D waste management (WM) by providing the theoretical and practical implications of closing the loop material cycle by highlighting the importance of economic and environmental benefits of WT. In this study, WT has been recognised as a sustainable strategy to manage waste by identifying the barriers impeding the wider application of effective trading practices in the C&D sector. The findings are useful to WM businesses engaged to establish new circular business models and to government/regulatory bodies in developing initiatives and incentives aiming to promote WT strategies and market platforms. Further research is suggested to test and validate the findings from other jurisdictions of Australia.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-07-23
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-04-2020-0077
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Social network analysis applications in sustainable construction and built
environment management: a review-
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Authors: Nandun Madhusanka Hewa Welege , Wei Pan , Mohan Kumaraswamy
Abstract: Applications of social network analysis (SNA) are evidently popular amongst scholars for mapping stakeholder and other relational networks in improving the sustainability of construction activities and the resulting built environment. Nevertheless, the literature reveals a lack of thorough understanding of optimal SNA applications in this field. Therefore, this paper aims to convey a comprehensive critical review of past applications of SNA in this field. 95 relevant journal papers were initially identified from the “Web of Science” database and a bibliometric analysis was carried out using the “VOS Viewer” software. The subsequent in-depth review of the SNA methods, focussed on 24 specifically relevant papers selected from these aforesaid 95 papers. A significant growth of publications in this field was identified after 2014, especially related to topics on stakeholder management. “Journal of Cleaner Production”, “International Journal of Project Management” and “Sustainability” were identified as the most productive sources in this field, with the majority of publications from China. Interviews and questionnaires were the popular data collection methods while SNA “Centrality” measures were utilised in over 70% of the studies. Furthermore, potential areas were noted, to improve the mapping and thereby provide useful information to managers who could influence relevant networks and consequentially better sustainability outcomes, including those enhanced by collaborative networks. Closer collaboration has been found to help enhance sustainability in construction and built environment, hence attracting research interest amongst scholars on how best to enable this. SNA is established as a significant methodological approach to analysing interrelationships and collaborative potential in general. In a pioneering application here, this paper initiates the drawing together of findings from relevant literature to provide useful insights for future researchers to comprehensively identify, compare and contrast the applications of SNA techniques in construction and built environment management from a sustainability viewpoint.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-06-22
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-03-2020-0047
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Living-transforming disaster relief shelter: a conceptual approach for
sustainable post-disaster housing-
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Authors: Sara Ghanbarzadeh Ghomi , Gayan Wedawatta , Kanchana Ginige , Bingunath Ingirige
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of post-disaster housing reconstruction projects, propose the conceptual living-transforming disaster relief shelter (LTFDR-shelter) approach where temporary shelter is incrementally transformed into a more permanent dwelling by using living technologies and investigate its applicability to provide sustainable post-disaster housing following natural-hazard-induced disasters. A questionnaire survey with 120 household recipients of three Sri Lankan post-disaster housing projects was employed to explore how the post-disaster housing projects have performed against the occupants' expectations. Furthermore, the new proposed LTFDR-shelter conceptual approach's applicability to address the existing issues found in the study was investigated. The paper evaluates and identifies the physical and technical, and socio-economic performance issues of post-disaster housing and discusses the applicability of the proposed LTFDR-shelter conceptual approach as an efficient tool to adequately improve the identified factors integrating three phases of relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction employing living technology. Although the study's scope was limited to the occupant view of the performance of post-disaster housing in Sri Lanka, the findings and conceptual LTFDR-shelter approach could be of particular relevance to other developing countries affected by similar disasters. Further research is recommended to investigate and develop this concept in depth. This study lays the conceptual foundation for a new theoretical approach in post-disaster housing, which encourages more interdisciplinary collaborations and empirical investigations that potentially enhance post-disaster housing performance and facilitates the application of living technology in the built environment.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-06-22
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-04-2020-0076
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Climatic conditions and the resilience of buildings along Lagos coastline
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Authors: Olajide Julius Faremi , Oluranti Olupolola Ajayi , Kudirat Ibilola Zakariyyah , Olumide Afolarin Adenuga
Abstract: The study investigates the extent to which defects in coastline buildings are influenced by the climatic conditions within the coastal zones. The study conducted both desk study and field survey. The primary data for the study were collected through a cross-sectional survey of facilities and maintenance managers of randomly selected coastline buildings. Of the 120 self-administered structured questionnaires, 102 were successfully retrieved representing an 85% response rate. Data collected were analysed using charts, relative prevalence index and Spearman's rho correlation visualization technique. Saltwater intrusion, ocean overflow, extreme rainfall, debris flow, floods and droughts are the prevalent climatic conditions along the coastline. Steel corrosion, foundation settlement, spalling of concrete and fading of finishes are prevalent defects in coastline buildings. The result shows a positive significant correlation between climatic conditions and defects in coastline buildings. The study compliments literature on buildings resilience and maintenance management, and also provides a basis for streamlining future research on coastline buildings. The results provide information on climatic conditions and prevalent defects that should be considered during the design and construction of coastline buildings. The information provided could assist construction stakeholders in improving the resilience of coastline buildings. The study established that coastline buildings are vulnerable to a rapid rate of defect and deterioration which threatens the sustainability of coastline cities. It suggests measures that could improve the resilience of the elements and components of coastline buildings and consequently enhance the safety of life and property, and improve the physical and economic performance of coastline buildings.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-06-22
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-03-2020-0055
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- The resilient – smart city development: a literature review and
novel frameworks exploration-
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Authors: Hamed Khatibi , Suzanne Wilkinson , Mostafa Baghersad , Heiman Dianat , Hidayati Ramli , Meldi Suhatril , Ahad Javanmardi , Khaled Ghaedi
Abstract: This paper aims to develop a framework that could establish and further the terminology of smart city/resilient city discourse in that resilience could support urban “smartness”, a term that is widely argued being not easily measured nor quantifiably assessed. The qualitative approach was employed, and based on selected keywords, a systematic literature review was carried out to understand the main themes within the smart city and resilient city concepts databases. Upon screening, 86 papers were used and synthesised through the meta-synthesis method using both synthesis approach, meta-aggregation and meta-ethnography that systematically identifies both properties and characteristics, to build an innovative framework as an indicator-based smart/resilience quantification model. Two novel frameworks are proposed, smart resilient city (SRC) and resilient smart city (RSC), as guidelines regulatory that establish a city's smartness and resilience. The quantitative research phase is not provided as the framework builds on the exploratory approach in which the model is proposed through the postulation of data definitions. Although the study's scope was limited to the city, proposed frameworks may be interpreted for other contexts that deal with the topic of resilience and smart. The established framework proposal would encourage further exploration in context, serving as an inspiration for other scholars, decision-makers, as well as municipalities to keep strengthening smart city through resilience factors.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-05-21
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-03-2020-0049
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Occupants' perceived importance and satisfaction with the indoor
environmental quality of a green building-
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Authors: Kofi Agyekum , Samuel Fiifi Hammond , Burcu Salgin
Abstract: This study examines occupants' satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of a green-certified building [The Green Star South Africa (SA) Building] in Ghana. Views of 300 respondents are solicited on 15 IEQ (obtained through a critical review of the literature and complemented with a pilot interview on the subject) parameters. Data obtained are analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings suggest that occupants are generally satisfied with five critical aspects of IEQ. The results also indicate that the occupants perceive five key IEQ parameters to have high levels of importance. Further inferential analysis of the parameters revealed that two core IEQs require the highest levels of improvement actions. The study was conducted in Ghana and analysed occupants' perceptions of working within one green-certified building. Again, the collection of the occupants' responses was not linked with the direct measurement of physical characteristics of the IEQ parameters of the building. Hence, the findings cannot be generalised. Practically, the study contributes to providing all stakeholders involved in the Green Star SA Ghana certification system with the relevant feedback for their decision-making on current and future projects to be certified under this certification system. This study provides valuable information on the performance of IEQ parameters of the building and points out potential IEQ areas that need improvement efforts, especially concerning current and future facilities certified under this certification system.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-04-29
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-01-2020-0005
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Supply chain resilience: mapping the knowledge domains through a
bibliometric approach-
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Authors: E.M.A.C. Ekanayake , Geoffrey Qiping Shen , Mohan Kumaraswamy
Abstract: This paper aims to review the state-of-the-art of literature of supply chain resilience (SCR) and to map the SCR domain, so as to provide a launchpad for further knowledge development and dissemination. CiteSpace as a bibliometric analysis software was used to systematically, comprehensively and accurately review the SCR-related literature and to then develop an SCR research map. The results revealed the existing SCR publication base, domains, highly contributed publications, research hotspots, key milestones of SCR research development and a dynamic platform to integrate future research and development of SCR. The scientific contribution to SCR knowledge is an accurate and quantitative SCR research map, including the related SCR publication base, domains, pillars, hotspots, evolution and future trends. The methodology and the findings can be generalised to many other fields. Besides, the proposed SCR research map could be frequently updated by injecting future findings from similar studies to fill any residual or newly emerging research gaps. Moreover, the results could inspire further new knowledge creation in the SCR domain, identify future research demands in this field and ultimately boost the performance of global SCs by triggering smart and sustainable practices.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-04-29
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-03-2020-0040
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Materials passport's review: challenges and opportunities toward a
circular economy building sector-
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Authors: Mayara Regina Munaro , Sergio Fernando Tavares
Abstract: Reuse and recycling building materials depend on an efficient set of information and tracking, which can be obtained by the materials passport (MP) tool. Although MP introduces principles of circular economy (CE) and brings environmental, social and economic benefits, it is little-explored in the construction sector. The purpose of this study is to explore the adoption of the MP in the sector to raise awareness about this tool. This analysis leads to the conception of a model and identifies the main challenges and opportunities to increase MP implementation in the sector. Through a systematic literature review, based on the descriptive and thematic analysis, articles were selected, and analyzed to (1) review the MP state-of-the-art in the construction sector; (2) propose a materials passport model and (3) list the main challenges and opportunities to MP adoption. The studies about MP were concentrated on strategies to implement general concepts and business opportunities. The MP model was proposed to overcome the lack of studies and understanding showed in the review. The model aimed to improve the recovery and reuse of materials across a building's life cycle. Challenges and opportunities were raised to direct decision-makers and support the development of this tool. A systematic regulation in the construction value chain and policy systems is crucial for creating digital platforms for data management of buildings' material. This study developed an MP model to enable the management of building materials at different stages of the building's life cycle and contributes to future developments of the studies on this knowledge domain.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-04-29
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-02-2020-0027
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Enabling lean through human capacity building: an investigation of small
and medium contractors-
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Authors: K.A.T.O. Ranadewa , Y.G. Sandanayake Y.G. Sandanayake , Mohan Siriwardena
Abstract: This paper investigates the lean enabling human capacities and develops a framework integrating individual, organisational and environmental level strategies to build human capacities for successful lean implementation of small and medium contractors (SMCs) in Sri Lanka. An interpretivism stance is adopted, and a qualitative research approach is used. The data collection technique adopted is semi-structured interviews. In total, 24 experts with experience in lean implementation of SMCs were interviewed, and data were analysed through code based content analysis using NVivo10. Team working skills, critical thinking, leadership, communication skills, work ethics, knowledge and positive attitudes were identified as lean enabling human capacities for SMCs. The framework developed in this study provides individual, organisational and environmental level strategies that can be used to build human capacities necessary for enabling lean in construction SMCs. The study will be beneficial to construction SMCs, academics, researchers and government institutions in developing countries, which share socio-economic, demographic or cultural traits similar to Sri Lanka. A novel lean enabling human capacity building framework is developed with the strategies required for building those capacities in order to accelerate the lean implementation in construction SMCs. This contributes to the body of knowledge as it uncovers individual, organisational and environmental level strategies for enabling lean through human capacity building in Sri Lankan SMCs.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-03-30
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-03-2020-0045
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Building code amendment and building resilience: perspective of building
code users in New Zealand-
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Authors: Amarachukwu Nnadozie Nwadike , Suzanne Wilkinson
Abstract: The process followed in amending building code creates problems for code users within the building industry. These problems include the need and frequency of changes made to building code, access to updated documents, method of communication, amendment interval and amendment pathway. This study aims to explore the viewpoints of building code users regarding building code amendments in New Zealand. Using a closed-ended questionnaire survey, this paper examined the New Zealand building code amendments by evaluating the views of experienced and relevant stakeholders within the research area. A high proportion (50.90%) of the survey participants agreed to a three-years building code amendment cycle, as against the current biannual Amendment practiced in New Zealand. Findings from the study affirmed the necessity for building code amendment and the support for free amended building code documents to the public and other building standards. The study concludes with strong support to the use of intensive research and learning gained from disasters in building code amendment in New Zealand. Implementing the code users opinions encourages disaster resilience through effective application of the building code requirements in design and construction. The contribution from this study offered a unique insight into the perspectives of building code users on building code amendment in New Zealand and ways of incorporating the findings in the building code later updates to improve disaster resilience in the built environment.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-03-29
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-02-2020-0020
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Implementation of circular economy principles during pre-construction
stage: the case of Sri Lanka-
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Authors: Amodith Supunmal Wijewansha , G.A. Tennakoon , K.G.A.S. Waidyasekara , B.J. Ekanayake
Abstract: Despite the positive impacts of the construction sector on enhancing economic growth and ensuring societal well-being, its negative impacts on the environment from unsustainable resource consumption levels, emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and waste generation is monumental. Circular economy (CE) concept is identified globally as an avenue to address problems regarding adverse impacts of construction on the environment. This paper presents the principles of CE as an avenue for enhancing environmental sustainability during the pre-construction stage within Sri Lankan construction projects. This research was approached through a qualitative research method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts. The number of experts were limited due to lack of experts with knowledge on the subject area in Sri Lanka. Data were analysed using content analysis. Findings revealed a range of activities under each R principle of CE, that is, reduce, reuse, recycle, redesign, reclassification and renewability that could be implemented during the pre-construction stage, thereby providing a guide for construction professionals in implementing CE at the pre-construction stage. The need to expand knowledge on CE concepts within the Sri Lankan construction sector was recognized. This study provides a qualitative in-depth perspective on how 6R principles of CE could be integrated to a construction project during the pre-construction stage. By adopting the proposed activities under CE principles, construction professionals can enhance the environmental sustainability of construction projects.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-02-12
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-04-2020-0072
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Measuring community disaster resilience using Q-methods: a physical
resilience perspective-
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Authors: Hisham Tariq , Chaminda Pathirage , Terrence Fernando
Abstract: Decision-makers, practitioners and community members have a need to assess the disaster resilience of their communities and to understand their own capacities in disaster situations. There is a lack of consensus among researchers as to what resilience means and how it can be measured. This paper proposes a novel technique to achieve consensus among stakeholders on definitions, objectives and indicators for measuring a key dimension of community disaster resilience (CDR), physical infrastructure (PI). This study uses a five-step approach utilizing Q-methods to contextualize a resilience index for PI. Interviews, focus groups and Q-sorting workshops were conducted to develop a tool that ranked measures according to stakeholder preference. A total of 84 participants took part in the workshops across four countries (United Kingdom, Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). The initial set of 317 measures was reduced to 128 and divided into the three community capacities of anticipatory, absorptive and restorative. The physical infrastructure capacity assessment tool (PI-CAT) was then finalized to have 38 indicators that were also ranked in order of importance by the participants. The PI-CAT can be useful for local governments and communities to measure their own resilience. The tool allows stakeholders to be confident that the metrics being used are ones that are relevant, important and meet their requirements. The Q-method approach helps stakeholders to develop and use a community capacity assessment tool that is appropriate for their context. The PI-CAT can be used to identify effective investments that will enhance CDR.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-02-01
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-03-2020-0053
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Analysis of embodied carbon and cost profiles of school buildings in
Australia-
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Authors: Srinath Perera , Sepani Senaratne , M.N.N. Rodrigo , Luke Brady
Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increased focus on creating sustainable buildings that have a reduced carbon footprint. The primary method to achieve this has been through reducing operational carbon of buildings. However, as the industry aims to produce “carbon neutral” buildings with extremely low operational carbon through measures such as insulation, embodied carbon (EC) component could get increased. As such, it is equally important to understand the state of EC emissions in buildings. The aim of this research was to analyse typical EC and cost profiles of school buildings within Australia to understand which building elements need more attention. The research involved measuring EC of five classroom blocks in schools in Sydney through a case study research approach and document survey. Bills of quantities from these projects were analysed to estimate the EC and cost profiles of the buildings. Results indicated that some elements such as roof, site works, upper floors and substructure had a higher cost also demonstrating an increased EC indicating a possibility of a relationship between carbon and cost. Accordingly, these elements were identified as the typical carbon hotspots within school buildings in Australia, which need greater attention in reducing EC. The study explores the carbon–cost profile of Australian school buildings and highlights the importance of reducing EC in carbon hotspots.
Citation: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
PubDate: 2021-01-05
DOI: 10.1108/BEPAM-02-2020-0031
Issue No: Vol. 11 , No. 4 (2021)
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- Built Environment Project and Asset Management
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