Abstract: Jean Arnaud Compositing allows artists to play with documentary and fictional effects in infinitely variable combinations in their works. They thus question the spectator on the instability, transitivity and power of images in today's world, commenting on the media confusion maintained by the dominant socio-cultural apparatuses. The aim here is to analyse current developments in composite as a critical tool in art. These questions will be considered by analysing the importance of the composite in the metamorphic image on the one hand. On the other hand, a definition of "transcomposite" will be proposed based on the study of composite images that are transferred from one medium to another.
Abstract: Alejandro Léon Cannock On the basis of the historical-ideological fact that determines the photographic apparatus -- its nature and functions -- as a device invented to show what is (“the actual”), and therefore subordinated to the logic of representation (“the documentary”), this paper asserts the possibility, following Vilém Flusser's example, of making a use that runs counter to the apparatus's programme, i.e. a critical use that invites us to see what could be (“the virtual”). Therefore, to think. Thus, by hypothetically asserting the existence of a particular type of image qualified as “pensive”, this paper will synthetically retrace, by underlining the similarities and differences, some theoretical efforts (Jacques Rancière, Gilles Deleuze, Roland Barthes, Régis Durand, Georges Didi-Huberman) made to identify this very singular power of images. The paper will finally ask whether compositing techniques (in the broad sense of the term: collage, patchwork, mosaic, etc.) constitute an effective means to produce these rebellious images that can incite us to think and, consequently, of splitting our image of the world (critique of iconology) to split the world (critique of ideology).
Abstract: Damien Beyrouthy Among the diversity of contemporary composited images, this paper will focus on artworks dealing with multiple modes of representation within the same image (2D, 2,5D, 3D images; images made by cameras, generated by computers; still and moving images). This analysis will therefore explore the renewed relation between humans and the various images used, as well as the different functions of compositing in these artworks
Abstract: Carole Nosella The composite image as it is used today since the emergence of mediatic image, and in particular since the propagation of digital technologies applied to images, is defined as a homogeneous visual object composed from heterogeneous elements. However, in this article, the idea of a compositing carried out in real time is questioned. In this particular type of compositing, unlike a combination made from sources which are not co-present, there is constant coexistence of heterogeneous elements assembled, creating an experience of the composite which can at any time become an image (capture of screen or photographic or videographic). It is therefore no longer just a question of a composite image, but of the experience of the composite. To support this point, this article proposes to compare three types of projections that produce composite in real space, creating a mixed reality, to then come back to the notion of composite and identify its material character. Then is analyzed, through an analogy with the industrial technique of projection molding, the way in which the nesting of images occurs in space.
Abstract: Vincent Ciciliato This text questions, in a transversal way, several of my video art productions, made between 2005 and today. Through five analytical notes, I will question certain relationships between the notions of composite space and gestural automation. We will analyze the way in which the video post-production activity, more particularly that which we commonly call compositing, makes it possible to reinvest some classic articulations between background (or contextual background) and form, through the articulation between action place and characters.
Abstract: Fanny Terno This article aims to investigate the notions of composite images and composite worlds through the prism of a research-creation project called « Dés-oeuvres de jeunesse », produced between 2017 and 2020 by artist-researchers Fanny Terno and Thomas Vauthier. The term compositing will be used to situate the heterogeneous character of video, sound, textual, photographic materials - assembled in a single frame -, that, in an encompassing smoothing that, even if put in variation, forms a plausible and composite image - based upon the dimensions of malleability and temporality as its necessary conditions.
Abstract: Jean-Paul Fourmentraux An agonistic relationship to image and technology marks the works of the artist Samuel Bianchini. The singularity of his approach lies in the repeated and ritualistic staging of a confrontation with seeing. This text analyzes the experience of Discontrol Party (2009-2018), an interactive and festive counter-device developed in the framework of a research on collective interaction (Large Group Interaction) at EnsadLab/DRii, a laboratory of the École nationale supérieure des Arts Décoratifs (Paris). The artwork stages "vision machines", an empire of surveillance that is also a "theater of operations" for the public, confronted with the proliferation of composite images: diagrams, graphs, units of measurement, clouds of points, tables of data. What is the meaning of these images, which are also data' Can we see in them the will of a totalitarian representation and the promise of a total transparency of the human experience' Should we be happy about it' Should we be alarmed' Is it possible to bug these digital detection systems' There is no doubt that this is a question of power relations, and we have the right to ask ourselves which of the human or the machine is the master or the slave.
Abstract: Marie-Laure Delaporte Recent moving images, whether they are fragmented, juxtaposed or layered, are often multiple regarding their composing, montage or post-production. Through the multiplicity of artistic techniques employed, committed discourses appear - at the intersection of politics and mass media, denouncing the control of our perception of social reality, under various forms of domination and surveillance - such as those of the German artist and writer Hito Steyerl (1966-) or of the American artist Andrea Crespo (1993-). In their works, the formal heterogeneity and the composite aspect of the images are mixed with the hybridity of the bodies and the identities, moving, in perpetual transformation. Media images, from the Internet, with a documentary or video game aesthetic, created as animations or drawn from auto-biographical elements, offer new visual regimes.
Abstract: Patrick Nardin In the field of the composite images, the representation separates itself from the optical devices to become a simulated reality conceived from a principle of assembly. If we consider the image in movement, this definition makes the impasse on the schemes of mediation, which develop composite worlds where the image is never a stable data; by problematizing the systems of diffusion, by exploiting empirical processes, by freeing itself from any literary preliminary, the so-called experimental cinema reveals essentially composite spaces; the practices which are deployed there, where the relation to the material is determining, can thus agglomerate the most heterogeneous situations. The recourse to obsolete techniques or to sometimes archaic methods, is not a niche; these atypical procedures make a comeback in the computer culture, where the manual treatment of images is paradoxically rehabilitated. In fact, the digital image is not deprived of materiality and is not necessarily situated in rupture with the analogical systems. It remains that the artistic step is not in any way an enterprise of communication and that it adjusts badly to the aesthetic prescriptions; the question of the composite image is problematized here instead of being defined. It is not the processes of homogenization of disparate sources that are considered, but on the contrary the "dismounting" of the processes and the revelation of the discontinuous structure of the images.
Abstract: Caroline Renouard A special effect works in the mind of the spectator when the various manipulations that allowed the creation of the shot become invisible, even imperceptible. The spectator must forget that what he sees on the screen is not authentic, that it was not fully shot in one take or even by a single camera. Composite image is made from different visual elements, and it has been one of the areas of special effects from the early days of cinema until today. From live action cinema to animation techniques, from Georges Méliès to BUF Company, the object of this article is to study the creation of composite images in the field of movies special visual effects. Who are the specialists who work for these spectacular productions, capable of making believable images in the most impossible visions of an author or a filmmaker'
Abstract: German A. Duarte Gille Deleuze’s fundamental contributions to the field of cinematography put an end, within the structuralism, to the long discussion about the possibility to analyze the audiovisual mechanisms of creation of meaning through the instruments of linguistics. In fact, in Cinéma 1 and Cinéma 2, Deleuze posits that within the audiovisual field narrative is a pure spatial organization, and that, as a consequence, any reference to the linguistic model should have been avoided. By distancing himself from both linguistic terminology and approaches - e.g. by distancing himself from the so-called cinematic rhetorical figures - Deleuze’s analysis sheds light not only on the geometrical character of the audiovisual narrative but also on its non-Euclidean nature. By considering Bresson’s narrative spaces as Rimannian spaces, and those of Resais as topological spaces, Deleuze developed a new analytical instrument able at examining the digital images, now considered a composite image and, therefore, a non-Euclidean image by nature. Through the concepts of non-Euclidean geometries, this paper deals with the narrative phenomenon derived from the introduction of ‘new gazes’, those produced by the use and popularization of new technologies. The paper proposes, indeed, through the notion of gaze, an analysis of the relation between the database and the interface, previously called, under the influence of structuralism, paradigm and syntagm respectively. Taking as starting points the concepts of topology and fractal geometry, the text will also deal with some narrative phenomena that arose when video-electronic, and then digital technology, became popular and started to take an active part within the creative process. This survey will allow to better comprehend the non-Euclidean composition and, therefore, the multidimensional (2D, 3D, 5D, Mixed Reality, among others) audiovisual narrative spaces, that is spaces able at creating hypertextual networks in which different mechanism of production of meaning that formerly belonged to other media converge and merge.
Abstract: Anna Guilló In the well-known legend of Zeuxis choosing his models for the image of Helen from among the Girls of Croton, the ideal composition desired by the monarch and executed by the artist necessarily involves the power over bodies to create an ideal beauty. The notion of the composite can be found throughout the representation of the canon, which is found in all ages, as an intrinsic fact of our way of representing and therefore of considering the world. Its role is unifying and soothing, and in this it would be an opposition to the collage: where the collage assumes its unnatural alliances, the composite pretends to recreate a unity. From Mary Shelley's conception of the world to George Orwell's, this article puts forward the hypothesis that cartography, performed today by satellite imagery, has, since its origins, been the precious ally of these totalitarian methods aiming, through a composite assembly, to give a false image of a unified world, all centred on the West, which has since become the undisputed master of maps and compasses. But is it all truly for the best in the best of all possible worlds' It would be to forget that the compositing that gives us these images ontologically implies the space in between, the gap, the white zone; in short, it would be to forget that something is rotten in the realm of Google Earth... If a large number of artists and image-makers have exploited the spectacular but top-down beauty of the "cartographic eye of art", others are sneaking into forbidden and unmapped places to try to deliver a bottom-up version of the world in which we live, in the tradition of what the situationists initiated more than sixty years ago, followed by the walkers and the artists of counter-mapping, critical mapping or alternative mapping.
Abstract: Bruno Goosse The treasure hunt tells the story of an art-deco building, built in 1937 on the edge of a lake in the Laurentians, Quebec, by architect Antoine Courtens, on behalf of his Belgian compatriot and businessman Louis Empain. From chance to accident, from mishap to adventure, the factual account of this story gives prominence to contingency, making the building appear as an architectural object resisting the architect’s rendering of the client’s intentions. The stories collected and reported multiply the approaches to the building, giving it as many modes of existence, sometimes incompatible between them. Until the word "community", qualifying it from the beginning, comes back and imposes itself, like a master signifier, giving the consistancy of a composite object to these previously dispersed elements.
Abstract: Gérard Wormser Harnessing near-free resources - from roads to labor - Amazon is leveraging competition between territories to secure financial aid and tax exemptions to support its sales teams, hungry for deliverable goods. Cataloging, customer interfaces, data storage, warehouses, logistics - the company is widening the gap between the knowledge economy neighborhoods where it sets up its cloud and the post-industrial wastelands where an unskilled population serves its warehouses. Recently established in Washington, D.C., and a key player in the American social divide, Amazon is not helping to narrow it.
Abstract: Antonio Vercellone During the last few years, the commons as a category, have taken their place in the European debate, they constitute a key element for the organisation of theories and experiences that would help defining alternative patterns, from below, for the relations between people and commons, beyond the public/private pattern, with an emphasis on access, participation, distribution, and democracy. From this perspective, one of the most interesting experiences is without doubt the Italian experience of commons, which were at the centre of successful political battles and, at the same time, penetrated deep into the Italian legal order, thus creating the initial conditions for innovative institutional mechanisms. This article studies, from a mostly legal point of view, the Italian experience of commons and urban commons and aims to show how this experience defines the theoretical initial conditions for an “internal rupture” of certain categories of the Western legal tradition.
Abstract: Romain Roszak I would here like to connect English philosopher Sheila Jeffreys’ analysis of feminist philosophy to a certain number of French discourses concerning pornography. There are many stakes. It is first about, quite modestly, giving to read Jeffreys since her work has not been translated to French to this day. It is also, in the same way, about offering to look at an enduring antipornography feminism, a one that is not built on a reductive view of pornography, meaning on its most obvious macho, hetero-focused, brutal, almost sadistic catalogue. The “total” critique that Sheila Jeffreys leads, and whose meaning still needs to be defined, would providentially make the French debate about the fate of pornography more complex ; it is, in its current state, unsatisfactory, since the only media-wised recognized figures who stand against the “queer” enthusiasm are conservatives who hold sexual identities for natural and rigid ; and since the only opposition that exists among the intellectual field, which structures this debate, stands between the one that defends pornography as a whole and the defence of a certain critical pornography (“progressive” in a way or another). Sheila Jeffreys’ analysis allow not only to explain the status and the extension of today’s pornography, but also to send pornographic studies back to their ideological function, this without being an unfounded accusation.
Abstract: Gérard Wormser Vladimir Putin's insane assault on Ukraine makes Russia the worst of the rogue states. Shattering the Ukrainian democratic experiment, the Russian dictator intends to subjugate all the populations of the former Soviet empire, control the international energy and agricultural markets and distribute prebends. But how to impose worldwide silence and disinformation' Its false narrative will collapse when the Russians learn of the abuses committed in their name. Along with weapons and sanctions, information will determine the outcome of the conflict. May Ukraine join the European Union! The EU has all the tools it needs to give this country the democratic future that the courage of its people promises.
Abstract: Gérard Wormser We are ashamed of ourselves, in proportion to the shock of February 24. Four million people, mostly women and children, have fled the mortal danger and are experiencing the agony of exile. Six million more Ukrainians had to abandon their homes for a less threatened part of the country. Russia has won: the destroyed Ukraine has lost its sovereignty, the time of zones of influence and military pacts has returned. The new Cold War will be mediated by the Asian powers, while the misguided supporters of Putin's Russia will have to swallow their criminal ineptitudes.
Abstract: Fabrice Flipo The aim of this article is to problematise the issue of digital technology in its relation to ecology, both from a conceptual point of view and in terms of identifying the main players who determine its evolution. While trends in the sector show a clear shift towards a rapidly growing ecological footprint, three main concepts and issues stand out: 'green IT', 'IT for green' and 'sufficiency'. The question of lifestyles seems to us to be both decisive and under-problematised.
Abstract: Christophe Premat The aim of this article is to draw lessons from the results of the general elections of September 11, 2022, with the short victory of a conservative majority enjoying the passive support of the Swedish Democrats. The article analyzes the themes of the election campaign and puts the result into perspective based on the events of recent years and the geopolitical situation in Sweden. Since 2010, this party has been winning steadily and seems to have a solid electoral base to establish its influence.
Abstract: Gérard Wormser Insects originate many literary metaphors. Are Kurkov’s Grey Bees the image of the little green men who invaded Donbas in 2014' The Ukrainian writer feeds us quite a peculiar nectar: if the bees work for the hive, it’s by cherishing them that the beekeeper finds a reason to live in a devastated country. For a year, we live by him in a grey area, at the back, away from the battlefront. But the life he lives is futureless: “This road had crossroads still. One way led to war and back to war, the other led to peace and tranquillity” (p. 388). We know how it turned out.
Abstract: Roch Delannay La Bienveillance des machines is neither the work of a technophile nor of a technophobe. However, machines, robots, algorithms (of artificial intelligence) and networks occupy a preponderant place in it. It is not a question of studying the political, economic or technical aspects that are related to them, even if these dimensions are legitimately represented, but of shifting the question of the relationship that humans have with machines to an ontological level. The book studies what the author calls "technological syndromes" through an original thesis: "contemporary technologies induce different transformations of our subjectivities." These syndromes allow to approach different notions -- from the trust that the user grants to the information given by the machines to the one of the surveillance of which we are the object -- in order to demonstrate, firstly, the change of nature of the machine and the appearance of a machinic reign (in the same way as the animal or vegetal reign) and, secondly, the variation of our form of life (in the sense of Wittgenstein) to highlight the transformation of the subject into a digital subject.
Abstract: Junia Barreto This paper deals with the motivations and the encounters that led to the elaboration of Indigenous voices, tracks to refound Brazil. Through a daily confrontation with a State that historically has not valued them and has always treated them as "good, ingenuous savages", The indigenous peoples have organized themselves to resist and to have their voices heard. And this euphony of songs and maracas gradually swells and penetrates new spaces. The Congress Political Hallucination of the Screens offered Erisvan Bone Guajajara the opportunity to talk about his project Mídia Índia. The European tour of the APIB leaders Indigenous Blood, not a single drop more, was represented at the 29th Salon de la Revue, at private dinners in Paris and even at the French Republic's annual tribute to Clemenceau, tireless fighter for justice. Cláudia Andujar's photographs soon after exhibited the Yanomami's way of life and struggle at the Fondation Cartier. Then it was in Brasília where the Women's March and the Indigenous Spring occupied the Esplanade of the Ministries to claim their territorial rights. A powerful dynamic has been growing - the indigenous peoples are marching in. In this context, the Dossier is first and foremost a response to the clamor of these peoples and individuals: Sens public puts its files at their disposal so that they can occupy them.
Abstract: Eloy Terena This paper describes the situation of indigenous peoples in Brazil in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic from two different perspectives. The first examines the actions of the Brazilian indigenous movement since the beginning of the pandemic, particularly the reactions of indigenous communities and organizations to the State's refusal to take into account the particular vulnerability of indigenous peoples and to present specific action plans to control the infectious risk. The other perspective focuses on the Brazilian State's inability to deal with the indigenous reality. Beyond a case study, this work focuses on an overview of the situation and the current developments in order to present the challenges faced by indigenous peoples for a long time: one cannot address their health situation without looking back at the State policies towards them and their historical claims, first of all the claim to advance without delay the demarcation of their territories and the respect of the holistic view of indigenous peoples on their territories. The indigenous movement and its leaders have been spreading this political message for many years. It has not yet been given the international attention it deserves. The traditional territories that are so vital to indigenous peoples play a role in the balance of human life, and the capital that oppresses these peoples is now forcing everyone to think about the well-being and climate consequences of the destruction of the global biodiversity
Abstract: Edilson Martins Melgueiro-Baniwa This paper is a descriptive study, it reports a type of experiment carried out by academics/researchers/Indigenous teachers in the teaching of indigenous languages at the Universidade de Brasília—UnB, through the discipline “Indigenous Languages and their Diversity” offered by the Programa Permanente de Extensão UnB Idiomas (permanent program of extension UnB-Idiomas). The goal is to show paths, challenges, advances and perspectives of this experience that began in 2018 at UnB. From the reports of the actions we identified that the paths are arduous, there is no progress and there are many limitations and challenges in the discussion and teaching of indigenous languages at UnB.
Abstract: Manoel Prado Júnior This essay presents a brief survey of the issues faced by indigenous peoples in guaranteeing their rights in Brazil. From a temporal perspective, it can be seen that indigenous peoples have suffered difficulties in the fulfilment of their fundamental rights for decades, a situation that has been significantly aggravated by the current pandemic. It is understood that recovering this history of violations, as well as the history of mobilisation around their rights, is fundamental to understanding the dimensions of the current impacts.
Abstract: Márcia Wayna Kambeba This text is a letter addressed primarily to non-indigenous society. In times of pandemic, violence and genocide, her words must resonate and find new interlocutors. Combining poetic sensitivity with historical and social commitment, Márcia Wayna Kambeba presents us with a necessary portrait of the situation of "Mother Earth" in the 21^st^ century. It invites us to reflect on the defense of the environment, indigenous knowledge and the need to rethink the so-called "progress".
Abstract: Kowawa Kapukaja Apurinã In the video, Kowawa Apurinã, an indigenous woman, anthropologist and educator reports her impressions about the difficult living conditions of women and their families in the indigenous communities, which do not count on state aid in Jair Bolsonaro government. Kowawa Apurinã reinforces the importance of the land and of a harmonious relation with nature not only for the indigenous peoples, but for all mankind.
Abstract: Leonarda Costa Txàmãgay and Collectif Pataxó The Pataxó people inhabited the region that is today southern Bahia long before the arrival of the Portuguese. Among other territories, they still occupy the district of Cumuruxatiba, in the municipality of Prado, where the indigenous land of Comexatiba is located. This ancestral territory is currently the scene of disputes between farmers and indigenous people for the ownership of the land. In the midst of the conflict, the Pataxó live their daily lives as best they can. The community has organized itself to write and speak on its own behalf. They denounce the attacks they suffer; they also expose themselves and their culture.
Abstract: Renata Ribeiro Inahuazo The artist Renata Ribeiro Inahuazo, an indigenous woman living in São Paulo, shares her reflections on the art through which she expresses her personal and political concerns. In an exclusive interview with Sens Public, she tells us what inspired her to create the five drawings that open this dossier. Through a powerful narrative that brings together reflection, ancestry, memory of struggles and indigenous cosmologies, she gives us insights into the complexity,
Abstract: Kowawa Kapukaja Apurinã "The seeds of the world are spread by the kindness of living beings, animals, winds, and water. Thus begins the speech by anthropologist and indigenous activist Kowawa Kapukaja Apurinã. In the form of an essay set in the forest environment, and through a sensitive and engaged account, Kowawa guides us to a reflection about ourselves. "What seeds do we spread around the world'" she inquires. Her invitation leads us to look at our own humanities as embedded in a cosmos that goes beyond our existence: universe, river, plants, and trees, we are also seeds in this system.
Abstract: Cacique Darã, Cacique Awa Tenondegua and Cacique Anildo Awarokadju The "Struggle for Life" camp organized by the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB) held in 2021 in the city of Brasilia is the largest indigenous mobilization ever held. Testimonials, photographs and video reveal the main moments of the demonstration, which brought together six thousand indigenous people from 176 ethnic groups, with the aim of fighting for the rights of native peoples and the demarcation of lands during the government of Jair Bolsonaro.
Abstract: Fabiano Awa Mitã The indigenous community of Renascer Ywyty Guaçu is located at Ubatuba, São Paulo and has been founded by families of Tupi-Guarani and Guarani peoples. Located in the bottom of Pico do Corcovado, Aldeia Renascer is a center of cultural, anthropological, scenic and environmental interest. The texts, images and video show the community and its projects linked to sustainable agriculture and ethical and solidary education, in addition to revealing the richness of the handicraft produced there. A second video, assembled from images sent by the indigenous of Ywyty Guaçu, reveals the attempts to violate the indigenous territory and the community’s struggle for the preservation of local biodiversity.
Abstract: Cutiara Terena and Irineia Terena The 2nd Indigenous Woman March, held in 2021 at the federal capital of Brazil, reveals a large mobilization of indigenous women. Pictures, images and testimonials of Cutiara and Irineia Terena, both indigenous women, demonstrate the important claims of this movement.
Abstract: Eliésio Marubo The video shows one of the biggest indigenous lands of Brazil, located in the Javari Valley, with its charms and challenges. Recently, the Javari Valley was the stage for the murders of the Brazilian indigenist Bruno Pereira and the British journalist Dom Phillips. They were involved with the preservation of Amazon forest and the protection of indigenous peoples of the region. The video also features the testimonial of the indigenous Eliésio Marubo, UNIVAJA’s legal attorney, who talks about his difficult struggle to guarantee the rights of indigenous peoples in the region.
Abstract: Ariel Pheula do Couto e Silva In this intervention, I present some aspects of my work in health care contexts as a linguist translator and interpreter with indigenous peoples, especially the Avá-Canoeiro and the indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. I worked from 2014 to 2017, at the request of FUNAI and SESAI, as a companion for Avá-Canoeiro indigenous people in hospitals. The Avá-Canoeiro are a people of recent contact with a high degree of vulnerability. I tried to offer a sensitive accompaniment to cultural differences in the conception of health and disease, making my role as a translator interpreter also accountable for cultural differences. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, I had the opportunity to work as a consultant for COIAB in overseeing the translation of materials on the disease, on violence against children, adolescents, and women, and on indigenous mental health into approximately twenty indigenous languages of the Brazilian Amazon.
Abstract: Junia Barreto This paper deals with the motivations and the encounters that led to the elaboration of Indigenous voices, tracks to refound Brazil. Through a daily confrontation with a State that historically has not valued them and has always treated them as "good, ingenuous savages", The indigenous peoples have organized themselves to resist and to have their voices heard. And this euphony of songs and maracas gradually swells and penetrates new spaces. The Congress Political Hallucination of the Screens offered Erisvan Bone Guajajara the opportunity to talk about his project Mídia Índia. The European tour of the APIB leaders Indigenous Blood, not a single drop more, was represented at the 29th Salon de la Revue, at private dinners in Paris and even at the French Republic's annual tribute to Clemenceau, tireless fighter for justice. Cláudia Andujar's photographs soon after exhibited the Yanomami's way of life and struggle at the Fondation Cartier. Then it was in Brasília where the Women's March and the Indigenous Spring occupied the Esplanade of the Ministries to claim their territorial rights. A powerful dynamic has been growing - the indigenous peoples are marching in. In this context, the Dossier is first and foremost a response to the clamor of these peoples and individuals: Sens public puts its files at their disposal so that they can occupy them.
Abstract: Eloy Terena This paper describes the situation of indigenous peoples in Brazil in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic from two different perspectives. The first examines the actions of the Brazilian indigenous movement since the beginning of the pandemic, particularly the reactions of indigenous communities and organizations to the State's refusal to take into account the particular vulnerability of indigenous peoples and to present specific action plans to control the infectious risk. The other perspective focuses on the Brazilian State's inability to deal with the indigenous reality. Beyond a case study, this work focuses on an overview of the situation and the current developments in order to present the challenges faced by indigenous peoples for a long time: one cannot address their health situation without looking back at the State policies towards them and their historical claims, first of all the claim to advance without delay the demarcation of their territories and the respect of the holistic view of indigenous peoples on their territories. The indigenous movement and its leaders have been spreading this political message for many years. It has not yet been given the international attention it deserves. The traditional territories that are so vital to indigenous peoples play a role in the balance of human life, and the capital that oppresses these peoples is now forcing everyone to think about the well-being and climate consequences of the destruction of the global biodiversity
Abstract: Edilson Martins Melgueiro-Baniwa This paper is a descriptive study, it reports a type of experiment carried out by academics/researchers/Indigenous teachers in the teaching of indigenous languages at the Universidade de Brasília—UnB, through the discipline “Indigenous Languages and their Diversity” offered by the Programa Permanente de Extensão UnB Idiomas (permanent program of extension UnB-Idiomas). The goal is to show paths, challenges, advances and perspectives of this experience that began in 2018 at UnB. From the reports of the actions we identified that the paths are arduous, there is no progress and there are many limitations and challenges in the discussion and teaching of indigenous languages at UnB.
Abstract: Manoel Prado Júnior This essay presents a brief survey of the issues faced by indigenous peoples in guaranteeing their rights in Brazil. From a temporal perspective, it can be seen that indigenous peoples have suffered difficulties in the fulfilment of their fundamental rights for decades, a situation that has been significantly aggravated by the current pandemic. It is understood that recovering this history of violations, as well as the history of mobilisation around their rights, is fundamental to understanding the dimensions of the current impacts.
Abstract: Márcia Wayna Kambeba This text is a letter addressed primarily to non-indigenous society. In times of pandemic, violence and genocide, her words must resonate and find new interlocutors. Combining poetic sensitivity with historical and social commitment, Márcia Wayna Kambeba presents us with a necessary portrait of the situation of "Mother Earth" in the 21st century. It invites us to reflect on the defense of the environment, indigenous knowledge and the need to rethink the so-called "progress".
Abstract: Kowawa Kapukaja Apurinã In the video, Kowawa Apurinã, an indigenous woman, anthropologist and educator reports her impressions about the difficult living conditions of women and their families in the indigenous communities, which do not count on state aid in Jair Bolsonaro government. Kowawa Apurinã reinforces the importance of the land and of a harmonious relation with nature not only for the indigenous peoples, but for all mankind.
Abstract: Leonarda Costa Txàmãgay and Coletivo Pataxó The Pataxó people inhabited the region that is today southern Bahia long before the arrival of the Portuguese. Among other territories, they still occupy the district of Cumuruxatiba, in the municipality of Prado, where the indigenous land of Comexatiba is located. This ancestral territory is currently the scene of disputes between farmers and indigenous people for the ownership of the land. In the midst of the conflict, the Pataxó live their daily lives as best they can. The community has organized itself to write and speak on its own behalf. They denounce the attacks they suffer; they also expose themselves and their culture.
Abstract: Renata Ribeiro Inahuazo The artist Renata Ribeiro Inahuazo, an indigenous woman living in São Paulo, shares her reflections on the art through which she expresses her personal and political concerns. In an exclusive interview with Sens Public, she tells us what inspired her to create the five drawings that open this dossier. Through a powerful narrative that brings together reflection, ancestry, memory of struggles and indigenous cosmologies, she gives us insights into the complexity,
Abstract: Kowawa Kapukaja Apurinã "The seeds of the world are spread by the kindness of living beings, animals, winds, and water. Thus begins the speech by anthropologist and indigenous activist Kowawa Kapukaja Apurinã. In the form of an essay set in the forest environment, and through a sensitive and engaged account, Kowawa guides us to a reflection about ourselves. "What seeds do we spread around the world'" she inquires. Her invitation leads us to look at our own humanities as embedded in a cosmos that goes beyond our existence: universe, river, plants, and trees, we are also seeds in this system.
Abstract: Cacique Darã, Cacique Awa Tenondegua and Cacique Anildo Awarokadju The "Struggle for Life" camp organized by the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB) held in 2021 in the city of Brasilia is the largest indigenous mobilization ever held. Testimonials, photographs and video reveal the main moments of the demonstration, which brought together six thousand indigenous people from 176 ethnic groups, with the aim of fighting for the rights of native peoples and the demarcation of lands during the government of Jair Bolsonaro.
Abstract: Fabiano Awa Mitã The indigenous community of Renascer Ywyty Guaçu is located at Ubatuba, São Paulo and has been founded by families of Tupi-Guarani and Guarani peoples. Located in the bottom of Pico do Corcovado, Aldeia Renascer is a center of cultural, anthropological, scenic and environmental interest. The texts, images and video show the community and its projects linked to sustainable agriculture and ethical and solidary education, in addition to revealing the richness of the handicraft produced there. A second video, assembled from images sent by the indigenous of Ywyty Guaçu, reveals the attempts to violate the indigenous territory and the community’s struggle for the preservation of local biodiversity.
Abstract: Cutiara Terena and Irineia Terena The 2nd Indigenous Woman March, held in 2021 at the federal capital of Brazil, reveals a large mobilization of indigenous women. Pictures, images and testimonials of Cutiara and Irineia Terena, both indigenous women, demonstrate the important claims of this movement.
Abstract: Eliésio Marubo The video shows one of the biggest indigenous lands of Brazil, located in the Javari Valley, with its charms and challenges. Recently, the Javari Valley was the stage for the murders of the Brazilian indigenist Bruno Pereira and the British journalist Dom Phillips. They were involved with the preservation of Amazon forest and the protection of indigenous peoples of the region. The video also features the testimonial of the indigenous Eliésio Marubo, UNIVAJA’s legal attorney, who talks about his difficult struggle to guarantee the rights of indigenous peoples in the region.
Abstract: Ariel Pheula do Couto e Silva In this intervention, I present some aspects of my work in health care contexts as a linguist translator and interpreter with indigenous peoples, especially the Avá-Canoeiro and the indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. I worked from 2014 to 2017, at the request of FUNAI and SESAI, as a companion for Avá-Canoeiro indigenous people in hospitals. The Avá-Canoeiro are a people of recent contact with a high degree of vulnerability. I tried to offer a sensitive accompaniment to cultural differences in the conception of health and disease, making my role as a translator interpreter also accountable for cultural differences. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, I had the opportunity to work as a consultant for COIAB in overseeing the translation of materials on the disease, on violence against children, adolescents, and women, and on indigenous mental health into approximately twenty indigenous languages of the Brazilian Amazon.
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