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Authors:Priyansha Singh, Harshita Sinha, Varun Aggarwal, Mukta Naik Pages: 13 - 36 Abstract: Urbanisation, Volume 9, Issue 1, Page 13-36, May 2024. While the governance of global migration is a growing conversation in policy and academia, internal migration has remained under-researched and under-represented as an area of focus. The increased policy attention on internal migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity for examining the governance of internal migration. Drawing on a review of literature and two consequent rounds of an ex ante policy indexing tool—the Interstate Migrant Policy Index (IMPEX) 2019 and IMPEX 2021—this article focuses on policies formulated by Indian state governments that are prominent recipients of internal migrants in the pre- and post-pandemic period. We find that while the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the vulnerability of low-income internal migrants in India, it only partially translated into long-term policy measures. This article demonstrates that the complexity of migration policymaking governance in federal democracies like India is an important aspect of global migration governance. It argues that such a focus will enable a number of developing economies to refine labour and social protection policies toward sustainable economics and human development. The article motivates a research and policy agenda that can especially help developing countries improve labour mobility patterns for economic development as well as ensure fuller coverage of social welfare measures in response to climate migration. Citation: Urbanisation PubDate: 2024-05-29T08:16:31Z DOI: 10.1177/24557471241251550 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2024)
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Authors:Amita Bhide Pages: 74 - 86 Abstract: Urbanisation, Volume 9, Issue 1, Page 74-86, May 2024. This article takes the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant migrant exodus from cities as an inflexion point and engages with the new policies initiated to address the needs of migrants to cities. As against the significant and persistent invisibility and neglect of the issue of circular internal migration in the country, recent years have witnessed some shifts in the narrative and a few new policies triggered by the pandemic. The article reviews these initiatives to find that the hegemonic hold of the previous narratives and policies informed by the same is largely intact. The new policies do not account for migrant realities and needs. The article therefore calls for more migrant-aware policies based on its study of migrants in Mumbai and proposes principles by which these policies can be reimagined. Citation: Urbanisation PubDate: 2024-05-29T08:16:34Z DOI: 10.1177/24557471241248016 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2024)
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
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Authors:Kuldeepsingh Rajput Abstract: Urbanisation, Ahead of Print. This article argues that the fundamental cause for migrants’ exclusion, precarity and the othering process in the ‘smart city’ lies in the epistemic violence against them, embedded in the Smart City Mission itself, which develops the knowledge framework of ‘inclusion and exclusion’. An epistemology constructs and shapes the knowledge and ideas of smart cities and the power structures which consequently influence urban government functionaries, urban planners and officials of the Smart City Mission Project Corporation. This constructed knowledge and perception of the smart city serves the interests of the ‘middle-class citizen’ by giving overwhelming importance to smart technologies and infrastructure growth. On the other hand, it systematically disadvantages internal migrants by excluding them at several levels. This epistemic violence has successfully distorted the reality of the existence and contribution of migrants in cities and portrayed a picture of ‘feel-good cities’ pleasing their middle-class citizens. At the same time, it deflects inclusion-directed interventions which would have had a significant positive impact on the lives of the migrants. It normalises the miseries of migrants and validates the salience of urban policy in protecting migrants’ rights. Consequently, migrants experience multiple and interconnected forms of violence and victimhood in their everyday life and remain unheard. Citation: Urbanisation PubDate: 2024-04-12T03:44:09Z DOI: 10.1177/24557471241240545
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Authors:Chinmay Tumbe, Rahul Kumar Jha Abstract: Urbanisation, Ahead of Print. The One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) scheme started in India in 2019—with all states on board since mid-2022—enabling interstate portability of the public distribution system (PDS) for migrants to access subsidised foodgrains. This article reviews the progress of the policy so far, compares interstate PDS portability with intrastate PDS portability, and identifies key ONORC districts where offtake appears to be occurring frequently. It documents the limited traction of interstate PDS portability with less than half a million monthly transactions, in stark contrast to over 20 million monthly transactions being conducted under the umbrella of intrastate portability. Both demand- and supply-side factors appear to be at work in constraining the ONORC interstate PDS portability at present and easing these constraints could substantially increase the adoption of the benefits. These measures include better stock management at fair price shops considering the intra-year seasonality of migration and focus on specific migration corridors through publicity campaigns targeted towards migrant workers. Citation: Urbanisation PubDate: 2024-04-07T08:11:19Z DOI: 10.1177/24557471241237098
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Authors:Mukta Naik Abstract: Urbanisation, Ahead of Print. The COVID-19 migrant crisis was a watershed moment for internal migration, driving home the importance of inclusionary frameworks and action. Despite the lack of an omnibus migration policy, several disparate policy initiatives have emerged at multiple levels of government, across various sectors and involving multiple stakeholder types. This article traces and analyses internal migration policy in India over time, particularly how the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped responses. In doing so, it builds on the idea of ‘mainstreaming’, a reflexive approach to policymaking that Peter Scholten proposed to address such complex policy areas as migration. The article argues that a nascent framework for migration governance is evolving in India and offers suggestions on how mainstreaming can help streamline research and policy design for enhanced migrant inclusion. Citation: Urbanisation PubDate: 2024-04-04T01:24:42Z DOI: 10.1177/24557471241234973
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Authors:Aditya Srinivasan Abstract: Urbanisation, Ahead of Print. Attempts to quantify and measure migration in India have proved inadequate as far as policy change is concerned. The Census of India 2011 and the National Sample Surveys (particularly the 64th Round conducted between 2007 and 2008), while useful, are too infrequent and temporally limited to offer insights into real-time movements and seasonal migration. On the other hand, even when data is available, it can be difficult to use it to understand future patterns and reactions to policy changes, as the COVID-19 pandemic-induced crisis showed. It was not just the number of migrants residing in major cities that was unanticipated. The government and local authorities also failed to anticipate the impetus for migrant labourers to move back to their hometowns once their revenue streams were cut off. This suggests that the government had not considered the subjective, emotional concerns that migrants had about their well-being, and consequently failed to predict how they would react. This article argues that a paradigm shift towards a deeper, more wide-ranging use of qualitative-interpretive methods is in order if we are to obtain a fuller picture of migrant needs and actions. This qualitative data may then be used in tandem with surveys, enumerations and quantitative studies to predict both the quantum and the direction of migrant movements, actions and reactions. These methods are, therefore, not just supplementary, but critical policy tools in themselves, allowing policymakers to craft interventions and responses that account for the subjective considerations surrounding migrant mobility. Citation: Urbanisation PubDate: 2024-03-08T03:50:27Z DOI: 10.1177/24557471241234196
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Authors:Aman Luthra, Bharati Chaturvedi, Jonathan Kvilaugh Abstract: Urbanisation, Ahead of Print. The containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have had severe economic consequences on the lives of the urban informal poor in India. Several scholars have commented on the vital yet insufficient role that government-run food relief programmes, mutual aid practices and private charity have played in addressing hunger during lockdown periods. This article investigates the impact of lockdown measures on food security among waste pickers in nine Delhi neighbourhoods through an analysis of data collected from daily telephone surveys with 70 adult and 69 child waste pickers over a 54-day period. Analysis of this data reveals that while respondents relied heavily on emergency food relief programmes, their sense of hunger was closely connected to their ability to provide food for themselves. Drawing on these insights, the article concludes by offering policy and programmatic recommendations to address food security problems for the urban poor in general. Citation: Urbanisation PubDate: 2024-02-19T10:23:13Z DOI: 10.1177/24557471241226749
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