Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Aligning short and long-term goals, operational plans, and vision, the interests of the organization's internal and external stakeholders, and investing in intangible and late-returning assets are the characteristics of a strategic performance management system. The importance of strategic performance management for public organizations such as municipalities increases due to its direct impact on the quality of life of the urban community. The balanced scorecard is one of the most used tools in this field, which, along with its operational advantages, also has important weaknesses. This study aims to explore the application of a dynamic balanced scorecard framework integrated with game theory to enhance strategic performance management in the municipality.
METHODS: In this paper, the system dynamics is used to design the dynamic strategy map of the Tehran Region 4 municipality with a case study approach. After designing performance improvement strategies, the strategies are simulated, and the best combination of strategies is selected with a cooperative game theory approach.
Findings: The results revealed that the customer's perspective and the learning and growth perspective have the highest Shapley values of 5.38 and 4.64, respectively. Therefore, in choosing the best strategies for the municipality, attention should be paid to the strategies that improve these two perspectives. Based on this, the combination of strategies C1L1I1F1, C2L2I3F3, and C3L3I2F2 is selected.
CONCLUSION: Simulating KPIs and examining scenarios lead to a better understanding of the factors influencing the organization's success and prevent bias in strategic decisions. Also, a suitable mechanism for strategy selection creates a better agreement between managers for sympathetic implementation. This paper presented a framework for strategic performance management by combining dynamic BSC and game theory, and the effectiveness of the framework is investigated by conducting a case study in the municipality.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the era of globalization, businesses face the challenge of developing and maintaining an effective workforce. Human resource leaders should closely monitor employee discontent with career progression to prevent workplace productivity declines and employee attrition. The primary reason for job loss is often due to a lack of career progression. Career progression involves moving up the corporate ladder, accepting new responsibilities, transferring to better positions, and achieving long-term goals. It refers to the upward or downward movement of employees within an organization, from entry-level to management positions. This study aims to fill knowledge gaps on white-collar occupations, career progression, and how these factors impact salary, lifestyle, and job security.
METHODS: This study used quantitative analysis and hypothesis testing to determine the association between the variables. Data analysis was done using Statistical Software for Social Science (SPSS) software. A total of 250 questionnaires were sent out, of which 231 were returned with feedback, and 227 of those were usable, yielding a 90% response rate.
FINDINGS: Multi-collinear analysis data reveals a negative link between salary and career progression, with a beta coefficient of -0.148 and a p-value of 0.010, which is more than 0.001. Nonetheless, the p-value for job security is less than 0.001, with a beta coefficient of 0.462. The beta coefficient for lifestyle is 0.348, and its p-value is less than 0.001. Hence, the research indicates that lifestyle and job security positively correlate with career progression.
CONCLUSION: The National Solid Waste Management Policy aims to establish a sustainable, integrated waste management system, promote public awareness, and enhance infrastructure for efficient waste management. In line with the study's findings, the policy could be enhanced by incorporating measures that promote employees' lifestyles and career progression.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cities, with their complex infrastructures and diverse services, require a scientific and principled approach to strategic site selection for service provision. Fire stations represent one of the most essential urban services, and inadequate research and planning for their site selection and distribution in many cities significantly increase risks to urban residents' safety and well-being. District 8 of Karaj faces rapid population growth and urban development, highlighting the urgent need for a strategic expansion of fire stations. This study aimed to propose a novel approach to assist in the optimal site selection of fire stations in this area.
METHODS: This study employed a novel hybrid method combining the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis method and Fuzzy logic with ArcGIS techniques. This integration aimed to minimize ambiguity in weighting criteria and improve the accuracy of site selection decisions. The 11 criteria were identified based on their impact on fire station efficiency and responsiveness, including industrial, commercial, storage, educational, and healthcare centers, as well as filling stations, residential areas, gathering places, road networks, population density, and office buildings. The final desirability map was created by overlaying weighted fuzzy layers in ArcGIS, visually highlighting optimal locations.
FINDINGS: The weighting analysis showed that industrial centers (0.1131) held the highest weight in fire station site selection, while educational centers (0.0735) had the lowest. The final spatial desirability map revealed that 24% of the northern and southwestern areas of District 8 had high suitability for fire station placement. The southwestern area, despite the high operational statistics at Fire Stations 125 and 3 (55%), lacks adequate fire coverage. To address this issue, three potential sites were identified in the high-desirability zone in the southwestern region, with a field survey evaluating neighborhood compatibility, access to networks, and recent urban developments.
CONCLUSION: This study presents a robust framework for optimizing fire service operations in District 8 of Karaj. Through this framework, the region was classified into five categories of desirability for fire station placement. Additionally, the analyses uncovered the unequal distribution of emergency services across the district. The results facilitated the identification of three suitable sites to enhance fire service provision. Given the effectiveness of this methodology, the study strongly recommends that urban planners adopt this innovative framework for emergency site selection, emphasizing the importance of addressing response needs and spatial factors, such as high-density areas and accident-prone centers.
Abstract: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rapid urbanization has significantly impacted land use and land cover, disrupting ecosystems and threatening ecological security. This study assessed the ecological security impacts of land use changes in the Lavasanat watershed from 2000 to 2040 using scenario modeling and landscape metrics. Findings show that urban expansion significantly reduces ecological security, with severe impacts under pessimistic scenarios. Sustainable urban planning policies are essential to mitigate these effects.
METHODS: Land use maps for 2000, 2010, and 2020 were created using Landsat imagery and processed with Environment for Visualising Images and Geographic Information System tools. The Markov chain and Cellular Automata-Markov models predicted land use changes to 2040 under current, pessimistic, realistic, and optimistic scenarios with IDRISI software. Landscape metrics, including the number of patches, landscape shape index, interspersion and juxtaposition index, class area, percentage of landscape, and largest patch index, were calculated at class and landscape levels using FRAGSTATS. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model simulated ecological outcomes for each scenario.
FINDINGS: The pessimistic scenario showed a 32% increase in built-up land cover, with an 18% reduction in patch numbers and a 12% decline in landscape shape complexity. Meanwhile, the percentage of built-up land cover rose, forming large patches (the largest patch index rose by 28%). These changes disrupted the watershed’s structure and reduced ecologically valuable areas.
CONCLUSION: The findings reveal that urban expansion significantly threatens ecological security, particularly under pessimistic scenarios. This study provides a novel framework for assessing ecological risks by integrating landscape metrics with scenario modeling. The results emphasise the need for sustainable urban planning to mitigate environmental degradation and enhance resilience. Structural landscape changes, including reduced patch complexity and increased fragmentation, were key drivers of ecological decline
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This research explores the impact of urbanization on informal workers in Surabaya, focusing on street vendors and day laborers. Urbanization in Surabaya has triggered significant economic and social transformations, created new job opportunities, and also increased challenges for informal workers.METHODS: The study employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews and participatory observation to collect data from informal workers.FINDINGS: The findings indicate that 78% of informal workers experience significant income volatility, while 65% report facing high competition and 72% lack access to essential resources. To cope, 68% extend their working hours, and 54% utilize social networks for support. Additionally, 61% of respondents benefit from government and non-profit support through training and economic empowerment programs, which has led to a 35% improvement in their skill levels. This study underscores the necessity for inclusive policies, as well as increased support for informal workers, to mitigate urbanization’s challenges and improve their overall quality of life.CONCLUSION: This research is expected to significantly contribute to understanding the dynamics of urbanization and its impact on informal workers, as well as offer practical solutions to improve their quality of life. Community support and optimized government policies can help address these challenges and create a more inclusive and sustainable urban environment.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The reliance on fossil fuels has led to significant environmental pollution, directly impacting public health and making breathing difficult for many. Also, the high density of environmentally damaging gases from fossil fuels in the earth's atmosphere has prevented heat from escaping from the earth's surroundings and intensified greenhouse effects. At the same time, it should be noted that oil and its derivatives are considered valuable national assets of the country, and their non-optimal consumption will cause irreparable losses. As a result, experts have suggested that clean energy must replace fossil fuels to reduce environmental pollutants.METHODS: This study employs a comprehensive methodology involving library studies, including academic articles and government reports, and then a multi-criteria decision-making analysis based on an analytical network process, a Delphi questionnaire, and the participation of experts to identify the main criteria for sustainable urban development using biomass energy. These criteria include ecological limits, social sustainability and higher quality of life, justice and equality, social profit and loss, renewable energy sources, pollution reduction, and economic progress. The authors used the Analytic network process method and Super Decisions software to rank these criteria.FINDINGS: Based on the Super Decisions program, social benefits and losses have equal weight and are 1.0, the highest ranking. Ecological constraints are ranked second, with a weight of 0.787998. Social sustainability weighs 0.787509, placing third. Justice and equality weigh 0.455988, ranking fourth. This indicates that the principles of sustainable urban development are important and successful, as assessed by this study.CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of developing biomass energy in Iran, particularly in Mashhad, to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, enhance social sustainability, and improve environmental health. Despite Iran’s potential in biogas production, the abundance of fossil fuels and lack of a unified authority have hindered progress. The research identifies key factors for sustainable urban development through biomass, such as social sustainability, ecological limits, and justice. Future research should include field studies, policy analyses, and economic assessments to create a more comprehensive framework for biomass energy development in Iran.
Abstract: ABSTRACT:The provision of infrastructural services in developing countries like Nigeria has not received adequate delivery in the past decades. This situation is growing alarming given the present economic downturn, political manipulations, and uncontrolled population increase, especially in the urban areas remains a major hindering factor. Communities are undergoing regression in countless facets of development. Community participation in the provision of infrastructure stands as a potential option for the citizens to utilize effectively rather than depending hopelessly on the government. Community participation maintains equitable and communal assets in providing a basic need within the community. The government, whose role is to provide the essential infrastructures and basic social amenities, has been overwhelmed and termed incompetent in this aspect. This study aimed at revisiting the need for community participation in the provision of infrastructures. The objectives identified potential determinants, especially in Nigeria's situation, limiting public citizens' involvement. The study adheres to a desk research study method. This approach gives access to converge information from available sources, which also includes hand-searching of grey literature and related articles. Study findings revealed a very low level of community participation practices exposed from few data available in the literature. However, there is a paucity of empirical studies on the hindering glitches towards participation; therefore, this review filled this gap in the literature. Moreover, continuity in the participation process at this time is needed given the potential embedded in infrastructure provision and quality of life. Recommendations focussed on introducing sustainable approaches and tools as a remedial factor in attaining success in community participation.
Abstract: Atmospheric corrosion poses a significant challenge to steel structures in urban environments, severely impacting their safety and durability. This paper examines effective processes for mitigating atmospheric corrosion risk and suitable strategies for sustainable development. One of the most important and effective methods for combating corrosion, particularly atmospheric corrosion in polluted cities like Tehran, is the use of protective coatings. These coatings, such as epoxy and polyurethane, act as barriers against moisture and harmful agents, preventing damage to structures. Additionally, cathodic protection techniques are explored as an effective means of preventing electrochemical corrosion. By utilizing sacrificial anodes, these techniques significantly reduce the detrimental effects of corrosion. The selection of appropriate materials, considering economic costs and availability, also plays a crucial role in minimizing corrosion risk. For instance, the use of stainless steel and corrosion-resistant alloys can enhance structural performance under harsh conditions. Furthermore, design requirements and the reduction of vulnerabilities in structures must be considered to extend their lifespan. The results indicate that incorporating these strategies into urban planning and design can enhance the durability of metal infrastructure, contributing to a safer and more sustainable urban life. These measures not only help preserve investments but also improve the quality of life for citizens.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the context of private school teachers in Indonesia, job satisfaction is considered a key factor in influencing teachers to remain in their positions within organizations. This study aims to examine the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention with organizational commitment as an intervening variable among private school teachers, specifically at Muhammadiyah schools in Kapanewon Godean, Indonesia.METHODS: The research method employed is a survey, with questionnaires distributed to 274 respondents. Of these, 205 completed questionnaires were successfully collected and analyzed. Data analysis was performed through Structural Equation Modeling utilizing SmartPLS 3.0 software.FINDINGS: The results of the study indicate that job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment (β = 0.649; t-value = 12.705, p < 0.005), which in turn has a significant negative effect on turnover intention (β = -0.473; t-value = 6.674, p < 0.005). Additionally, organizational commitment was found to mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention (β = -0.307; t-value = 5.607, p < 0.005). In other words, an increase in job satisfaction not only directly reduces teachers’ intention to leave their jobs but also does so indirectly by enhancing their commitment to the organization.CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in retaining high-quality teachers at Muhammadiyah schools. By enhancing job satisfaction, these schools can foster stronger organizational commitment, which, in turn, significantly reduces turnover intentions among teachers. These findings suggest that Muhammadiyah schools should prioritize creating supportive work environments that bolster teacher satisfaction and commitment, as this approach is key to sustaining a dedicated and effective teaching workforce.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In recent years, sustainable tourism has gained significant attention due to integrating economic, social, and environmental goals into tourism development. Bangladesh, with its diverse cultural and geographical aspects, faces challenges in its tourism sector. To tackle these issues, a comprehensive and sustainable model for tourism development is needed, incorporating sustainability into all development and management phases. The study aims to develop a sustainable tourism development model for Bangladesh's socioeconomic and environmental resources.
METHODS: The study uses a qualitative research method guided by a review of the available secondary data – policies, literature, and domestic and international case studies. This study also applies the thematic analysis of the data gathered in the study method to address a policy gap in Bangladesh's tourism sustainability by identifying a whole system policy strategy.
FINDINGS: The sustainable tourism development model suggests cooperation between government agencies, local community members, the commercial sector, and non-governmental organizations. Environmental Impact Assessments, conservation, and climate change mitigation should be included in tourist management. The approach emphasizes community empowerment, non-uniform tourist benefits, and cultural conservation. The study suggests that Bangladesh's sustainable tourism development should be dynamic, flexible, and contingent on sustainability principles to its fullest (100%).
CONCLUSION: The sustainable tourism development model is a holistic approach to sustainable, inclusive, and equitable tourism policies, focusing on ensuring economic growth, environmental conservation, and social equity integration. By involving stakeholders and promoting community participation, the model addresses concerns about power, strategy, and interests, and promotes principles of eco-tourism, smart tourism, and climate resilience. This research contributes to a significant policy formulation for the tourism industry in Bangladesh by proposing a sustainable tourism development model.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Doha, Qatar, is committed to becoming a Sustainable Smart City as part of its Qatar National Vision 2030. This transformation is vital for bolstering regional economic resilience, advancing environmental sustainability, and promoting smart governance. Despite growing global interest in Sustainable Smart Cities, limited research specifically addresses Doha’s unique challenges in this domain. Understanding these barriers is essential for informed policymaking and effective urban planning. This study seeks to identify and evaluate the primary obstacles impeding Doha's Sustainable Smart City development, with a focus on economic, technological, social, governance, environmental, and regulatory dimensions.
METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze barriers to Sustainable Smart City development in Doha. The study began with a literature review to establish a theoretical foundation and identify global and regional challenges. This was enriched by qualitative input from Qatari stakeholders, including urban planners, policymakers, technology experts, and public-private sector representatives. Partial Least Squares Path Modelling was then employed to prioritize barriers by evaluating their impact on Sustainable Smart City progress. This approach combined theoretical insights with practical, context-specific expertise for a robust analysis.
FINDINGS: This research identifies key barriers to Doha's transition into a Sustainable Smart City: economic (25%), technological (20%), social (20%), governance (15%), regulatory (10%), and environmental (10%). Economic barriers, particularly high infrastructure costs, are the most significant, followed by technological readiness and social awareness. Governance issues, characterized by bureaucratic inefficiencies, complicate development, while regulatory barriers stem from outdated policies. Environmental challenges, including climate-related issues like water scarcity, further hinder progress. Compared to Abu Dhabi, Doha lags in regulatory frameworks (Doha 3, Abu Dhabi 4), public awareness (Doha 2.5, Abu Dhabi 3.5), and technological infrastructure (Doha 2.8, Abu Dhabi 4.2). Addressing these barriers through tailored strategies is essential for advancing Doha's Sustainable Smart City vision and enhancing public participation.
CONCLUSION: To address these challenges, the study recommends fostering public-private partnerships to secure funding, developing Sustainable Smart city-specific regulations to improve governance, and launching awareness campaigns to enhance community participation. Targeted investments in advanced technological infrastructure and streamlined coordination among governing bodies are also crucial. By implementing these strategies, Doha can overcome its challenges and achieve its vision of becoming a sustainable smart city aligned with its Qatar National Vision 2030.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban entrepreneurship is recognized as a significant driver of economic growth and innovation, particularly in urban areas. Entrepreneurs in urban environments face various challenges that can impede their success and hinder urban economic development. This research aims to identify and analyze these key barriers urban entrepreneurs face to provide insights into areas requiring intervention and support for sustainable urban economic growth.
METHODS: A literature review identified a comprehensive list of 30 challenges covering various aspects such as access to capital, regulatory complexity, market saturation, and competition from big corporations. These challenges were then analyzed using fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory analysis to assess their interrelationships and their relative importance in influencing urban entrepreneurship and economic development.
FINDINGS: The study identifies several critical barriers to urban entrepreneurship and economic development, including high operating costs, regulatory complexity, market saturation, and infrastructure deficiencies. Social inequality, economic instability, lack of government support, technological disruption, and competition from big corporations also emerged as significant challenges. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions in urban management to foster entrepreneurial growth and support sustainable economic development. The results from the study, with values ranging from 5.7 to 12.8, highlight key factors impacting entrepreneurial growth in urban environments. Access to capital (6.0-12.5), regulatory complexity (5.8-11.5), market saturation (6.1-12.8), and infrastructure deficiencies (5.7-12.5) were identified as crucial obstacles. Understanding these challenges and their interconnections provides valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders to develop targeted strategies and interventions to support urban entrepreneurship and foster sustainable economic growth. These findings provide insights for urban management and policy interventions to support entrepreneurship and foster sustainable economic growth in cities.
CONCLUSION: This study's findings underscore the importance of addressing key challenges faced by urban entrepreneurs to create a conducive environment for their success and promote sustainable urban economic development. By implementing targeted policies and interventions to mitigate these barriers, policymakers and stakeholders can foster innovation, create job opportunities, and enhance the vibrancy and resilience of urban economies. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on urban entrepreneurship and provides practical implications for promoting economic growth and prosperity in urban areas.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The current research aims to design a desirable model of human resource management to attract the satisfaction of tribes and provide a descriptive model that illustrates how the functions of human resource management are formed through various processes such as recruitment, promotion, performance evaluation, service compensation, and enhancing the capabilities of managers and employees in the organization of Iranian tribes with a customer-oriented approach.
METHODS: First, the dimensions of the concept of human resource management with a customer-oriented approach were extracted through reviewing documents, materials, and library studies. Then, the most important dimensions and influential factors were identified through interviews with 18 experts using a judgmental sampling method.
FINDINGS: The result of qualitative data analysis included 2 concepts, 9 dimensions, and 64 components presented and explained as a model. The desirable model of human resource management aiming to attract the satisfaction of tribes consists of 9 dimensions (organizing theme) in the form of two comprehensive themes, strategies, processes, and functions of human resources (human resource supply, training and development, service compensation, job analysis, and performance management) and organizational direction (customer-oriented organizational strategy, customer-oriented organizational structure, customer-oriented organizational culture, and two-way communication channels) was designed.
CONCLUSION: Based on the research findings, to attract the satisfaction of the tribal community and improve communication with the tribal leaders, focusing solely on the human resource system is not sufficient. Instead, all aspects of the human resource environment should be aligned with the functions of human resources and the orientation of tribal leaders.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban managers and local authorities tried to provide public health services to vulnerable groups and establish urban justice during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aims to evaluate the vaccination services of vulnerable groups at their houses in Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic through critical rethinking. Then it provides policies for developing an in-house healthcare services system for vulnerable groups.METHODS: This study applies a multi-methodology and multi-paradigm exploratory approach to design a systemic intervention by using qualitative and quantitative methods. For this purpose, the activists involved in the vaccination services of vulnerable groups in Tehran are primarily interviewed based on Critical Systems Heuristics methodology, and then the responses to the boundary questions in four basic areas, including motivation, control, knowledge, and legitimacy, have been analyzed. Afterward, the Strategic Assumptions Surfacing and Testing methodology, a systems approach for learning in complex problem situations, is used, along with the participation of urban decision-makers, to reveal the strategic assumptions for the development of an in-house vaccination services system for vulnerable populations. Finally, after dialectical discussions, system development solutions have been synthesized and integrated, and based on the importance level and certainty of the right assumption, certain planning regions have been detected.FINDINGS: Generally, healthcare services to vulnerable groups during the pandemic must be redefined based on the boundaries of control, knowledge, and legitimacy. According to the findings, 34 strategic defaults were identified and 17 defaults were proposed in the secure planning area, including: redefining the provision of healthcare services to vulnerable groups during the pandemics; providing services to all vulnerable groups during disasters through Tehran’s joint emergency response call center; providing stable financial resources to perform services to vulnerable populations during the pandemics; collecting, updating, and integrating the related databases (such as elderlies, patients, people with disabilities, etc.); training service providers (e.g. call center operators, vaccinators, etc.) in accordance with the specific situations of vulnerable groups; developing guidelines for providing in-house services to vulnerable people; obliging the managers to be accountable for obeying protective laws relating to vulnerable groups in disaster; identifying the potential capacities of the private sectors and nongovernmental organizations; considering a medical support team; consulting with advisors and caregivers of vulnerable groups; using temperature recording devices to ensure the cold chain of vaccines; and setting up local disaster management support bases in order to assure the agility of the provided services to the vulnerable populations in Tehran.CONCLUSION: The current study deals with the critical rethinking of providing health services to vulnerable populations during a pandemic, by designing a systemic intervention. Besides finding learning fields from the COVID-19 experiences, this research explores the strategies for redesigning and developing a more efficient healthcare service system for vulnerable groups in disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract: ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Today's illegal immigrant crisis in general and the illegal Afghan immigrant crisis, in particular, are considered a continuous challenge of the current century since the mass migration of people from their country of origin has exponentially increased. Afghanistan has been one of the biggest refugee and humanitarian challenges in recent decades, with continuous suffering for millions of Afghans. This affected neighboring countries, including Pakistan. One million illegal Afghan immigrants reside in Pakistan without legal documentation. Such a huge number of immigrants negatively affects the social and environmental factors of receiving and host communities.METHODS This study employs a mixed research method to investigate the socioenvironmental implications of illegal Afghan immigrants on the host society of Peshawar, Pakistan. Surveys and interviews were used for data collection, and the data were analyzed thematically and integrated (triangulated).FINDINGThe study revealed a significant pressure on social services such as healthcare, education, employment, and housing in the host society. The burden on the healthcare system, pressure on the education system, and lack of employment opportunities and affordable housing were direct consequences. Social tension due to a sense of frustration and competition over resources was formed. Environmental degradation such as pollution, deforestation, and land degradation resulting from resource strain and overpopulation with illegality was also found. Besides The study critically assesses the responses of the government, NGOs, and community, emphasizing significant gaps in policy and implementation.CONCLUSIONThe findings highlight the need for an integrative approach that addresses these challenges through targeted policy reforms and that improves community engagement. This study advances the present literature on migration by providing novel insights into the socio-environmental dynamics of illegal immigration, offering an actionable recommendation for stakeholders and policymakers in similar contexts.
Abstract: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Supervisory activities and interactions with employees affect employee performance. Moreover, every organization tries to enhance the supervisor's supportive behavior in the work environment. Consequently, the main aim of this study is “to determine the impact of organizational work-family culture on the family-supportive supervisor behavior of employees in Sri Lanka's footwear industry”. Based on a thorough review of existing literature and industry challenges, the study identifies organizational work-family culture as the independent variable and family-supportive supervisory behavior as the dependent variable.
METHODS: The study sampled 377 employees from a population of 20,000 footwear workers in Sri Lanka. Adopting a positivist research philosophy, the study grounded in existing knowledge, is set to achieve its aims and framework. A quantitative research approach was employed for both data collection and analysis, utilizing deductive methods to systematically investigate the research objectives. A survey research study was conducted and the data were gathered from respondents within a defined cross-sectional period, ensuring a broad representation of the target population.
FINDINGS: The study found that the supportive supervisory behavior of employees in Sri Lanka's footwear sector was influenced by organizational family culture as 52% of the Organizational Work-Family Culture of employees working in the Sri Lankan footwear industry.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that if the organization has a better working environment, the supervisors in the working environment help their employees manage their family responsibilities over work responsibilities. Thus, companies should create an employee recognition program, accept, and use employee feedback, and be flexible to improve supervisors' family-supportive behavior.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban sustainability is a concept that focuses on creating cities that can meet the existing residents’ requirements without compromising future generations’ capabilities to fulfill their needs. This approach requires comprehensive and integrated urban planning, development, and management. The current research was conducted to design an urban sustainability model, emphasizing new technologies.
METHODS: Based on the nature of the data, the research method was qualitative and exploratory; the theme analysis method was used to analyze the data. In this study, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews using the 5w1h technique on a sample of 13 individuals, including managers, academic staff, specialists, and experts of the 5th district from Tehran Municipality, to gather data. This research was done during the fall and winter of 1402. The criteria for selecting experts include: having at least seven years of useful work experience in Tehran Municipality and relative knowledge of urban sustainability.
FINDINGS: The present research identified five main themes, including social, economic, environmental, technological, and managerial. Two sub-themes (social equality and quality of life in the city) were identified for the social dimension. Also, three sub-themes (economic growth, affordability, and access to financial matters) were identified for the economic dimension. Also, three sub-themes (sustainable transportation, sustainable service, and sustainable energy) were considered for the environmental dimension. Three sub-themes (artificial intelligence capabilities, geographical information systems capabilities, and green technology) have been considered for the technology dimension. Finally, three sub-themes (sustainable strategy, human resource planning, and urban marketing) were stated for the management dimension. A total of 14 sub-themes and 48 codes were identified.
CONCLUSION: By integrating innovative solutions, such as smart grids, green infrastructure, and renewable energy sources, urban areas can become more sustainable and adapt to urban sustainability challenges. Policymakers, planners, and designers must prioritize the implementation of these technologies to build a sustainable future for all residents of urban environments.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Livability, as a concept and approach, aims to reduce environmental, economic, and social problems in cities and communities based on their needs and capacities. This broad concept encompasses a variety of meanings in terms of physical, socio-cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions, both subjectively and objectively. Therefore, ensuring livability standards in the urban fabric is of considerable importance and necessity. The present study seeks to provide a basic understanding of the livability status in the city of Kashan.
METHODS: To achieve this goal, employing a library method and a researcher-made questionnaire tool, 384 residents from seven old and five new neighborhoods were evaluated using a stratified (simple random) sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software one-sample t-test analysis and structural equation modeling.
FINDINGS: The results showed that the livability status in the new districts was better than the livability in the old ones. The findings reveal that overall livability in Kashan falls short of the desired average, with economic, cultural, and social aspects scoring the lowest. Environmental quality, on the other hand, was assessed as satisfactory. When comparing livability across old and new districts, the study found that newer districts have a higher overall livability compared to older ones. To further understand the factors influencing livability, the study prioritized the six dimensions of livability: infrastructure, politics, economy, environment, society, and culture. The economic factor emerged as the most influential, followed by social and infrastructural factors. Within the economic factor, job opportunities were identified as the most impactful aspect, while social cohesion and physical infrastructure held the greatest importance within the social and infrastructural factors, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Importantly, the study highlights the role of effective urban management in enhancing livability, particularly in addressing economic disparities, fostering social inclusion, and improving infrastructure. Strategic interventions, such as targeted economic development policies, community engagement programs, and infrastructure investments, are essential for enhancing Kashan’s livability and quality of life.
Abstract: In traditional participatory urban processes, effective collaboration among designers, citizens, and urban managers is often hindered by inadequate environmental visualization, inefficient communication tools, and limited appeal. These challenges, particularly related to time, cost, and the difficulty of attracting diverse participants, have prompted researchers to explore alternative tools and technologies to enhance citizen involvement. Virtual Reality modeling has emerged as a promising technology for urban design, planning, and management, offering improved ways to visualize spaces, develop creative ideas, and support the realization of urban policies. This research is qualitative and developmental in purpose, and it is classified as a review study with an interpretive perspective. The methods employed include documentary analysis and case studies, with data collected from documents, library resources, and relevant articles in this field. The study draws on theoretical frameworks such as Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation and Healey’s Collaborative Planning Theory to examine Virtual Reality's potential in participatory processes. The study addresses the limitations of traditional participatory methods, highlighting how Virtual Reality technology can facilitate more accessible, inclusive, and efficient urban policymaking processes. Despite technological limitations, physical and psychological constraints, ethical concerns, and issues related to privacy and legal matters, the findings indicate that virtual Reality offers significant potential in participatory urban processes. By providing immersive simulations, virtual Reality can improve transparency, enhance stakeholder collaboration, and facilitate informed decision-making in urban planning. The technology's ability to engage diverse demographic groups, particularly those reluctant to engage in traditional methods, shows promise for making urban policy discussions more interactive and understandable. Virtual Reality presents a valuable tool for overcoming the limitations of conventional participatory processes and holds promise for enhancing urban policymaking. The study identifies several avenues for future exploration, including improving accessibility, addressing ethical concerns, and developing hybrid engagement models that integrate Virtual reality with traditional methods. Empirical evaluations of Virtual Reality’s impact on decision-making and stakeholder engagement are also recommended to optimize its application in urban governance. Its potential benefits make it an important area for further exploration of urban planning and participatory governance.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Quality of Work-Life is a dynamic construct shaped by various individual, demographic, occupational, organizational, psychological, and social factors. It encompasses job satisfaction, work-life balance, stress management, participation, engagement, and commitment. This study aims to develop a comprehensive Quality of Work-Life model for the employees in the Tehran municipality through the Lens of Job Demands-Resources theory, which posits that job resources can mitigate job demands and enhance employee well-being. The research assesses the current Quality of Work-Life status within this organizational context.
METHODS: In this study, a sequential qualitative-quantitative mixed method was utilized. The qualitative section employed a systematic review, with its findings informing the hypotheses for the quantitative section. The quantitative segment involved survey methodology, with data analysis conducted using SmartPLS and SPSS software. A hybrid cluster-stratified sampling was used. About 1372 employees sent their answers, and after data cleansing, 1343 answers were analyzed and interpreted.
FINDINGS: The results indicate that Organizational Employer Brand (SM = 0.198, p < 0.05), Organizational Work-Life Balance (SM = 0.429, p < 0.05), Organizational Psychological Atmosphere (SM = -0.151, p < 0.05), Salaries and Benefits (SM = 0.133, p < 0.05), and Social aspect - Communication with Coworkers (SM = 0.066, p < 0.05) have a significant direct effect on Quality of Work-Life and no direct relationship between Job factors and Quality of Work-Life (SM = 0.074, P= 0.068) between Organizational - Physical Conditions and Quality of Work-Life (SM = 0.029, P= 0.344) and between Social aspect - Communication with Managers and Quality of Work-Life (SM = -0.026, P=0.412). Additionally, it is found that Organizational - Physical Conditions (SM = 0.300, p < 0.05), Organizational Work-Life Balance (SM = 0.281, p < 0.05), Social aspect - Communication with Coworkers (SM = 0.291, p < 0.05), and social aspect - Communication with Managers (SM = 0.209, p < 0.05) significantly affect Organizational Psychological Atmosphere and indirect effect on Quality of Work-Life.
CONCLUSION: Findings from the Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling analysis reveal no direct effect of physical conditions, job factors, or communication with managers on the Quality of Work-Life, although indirect relationships were supported. Direct relationships were noted between psychological atmosphere, communication with coworkers, salary, and benefits, organizational branding, and work-life balance with Quality of Work-Life. According to the Job Demands-Resources theory, this study highlights that resources like organizational branding, psychological atmosphere, work-life balance, and communication significantly enhance the Quality of Work-Life in Tehran municipality, illustrating their essential role in promoting employee well-being.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Traffic congestion, a prevalent global issue, has entrenched itself as a persistent problem, posing substantial challenges for residents and commuters, especially in developing nations. This study addresses this concern by delving into the intensity, patterns, and traffic characteristics within selected road corridors in the Abeokuta metropolis, Nigeria.METHODS: Data on road types and land use were systematically gathered through structured observations using a pre-designed checklist. Traffic counts were conducted to capture characteristics during the morning and evening peak periods. Traffic volume and capacity were measured in "vehicles per hour" (vph) and Passenger Car Units per hour (PCU/hr). To analyze the data, a chi-square test was used to examine differences in traffic volume between the peak hours, while Analysis of Variance was applied to assess variations in traffic composition across the studied road corridors.FINDINGS: The study's findings spotlight Sapo-Ijaye-Iyana Mortuary, recording the highest daily peak traffic volume at 2315 vph, with cars dominating at 4444 vph. Buses emerged as the most impactful vehicle class, influencing 4872 PCU/hr. The Chi-square test indicates no significant differences in vph between morning and evening peaks (x=0.822604; p=0.84405). Correspondingly, Analysis of Variance results (f=3.3106; p=1.0000) suggest that traffic composition did not significantly differ across the surveyed roads.CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended to enhance road capacities by upgrading infrastructure to accommodate both current and future transportation needs. Additionally, the development of alternative traffic routes, such as rail lines, is suggested to ease the movement of heavy-duty trucks and reduce road congestion. The adoption of intelligent transportation systems is also encouraged to improve traffic management and optimize transportation efficiency.
Abstract: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam’s largest urban center, is experiencing rapid urbanization, which, combined with a growing student population, has led to an increased demand for student housing. This study aims to assess the current state of student housing in Ho Chi Minh City, focusing on the gap between housing supply and demand in the context of the city’s urban development and sustainability goals.
METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was utilized to analyze the student housing landscape in Ho Chi Minh City. Qualitative data were obtained through secondary document analysis, including a review of scholarly articles, government reports, and statistical data. Quantitative data were collected via an online survey of 88 first- and second-year students at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, designed to capture a broad range of housing experiences and preferences. This comprehensive approach allowed for a thorough understanding of the needs and challenges associated with student housing in the city.
FINDINGS: The analysis revealed that 51.1% of students preferred renting rooms, while 48.9% chose to stay in university dormitories. A significant portion of students (44.3%) spent less than 1 million VND per month on housing, often sharing with 2-4 roommates to reduce costs. The survey indicated that students primarily relied on social media (61.4%) and referrals (53.4%) for finding housing. Issues of security and safety were highlighted, with only 45.5% of dormitory residents and 31.8% of off-campus residents reporting satisfaction with their housing security and safety.
CONCLUSION: The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners in addressing the student housing shortage in Ho Chi Minh City. The study emphasizes the need to integrate sustainable practices into housing development, such as implementing green building standards and enhancing safety measures. Encouraging partnerships between universities, government bodies, and private developers is crucial for creating sustainable, affordable, and secure housing solutions that meet the needs of the growing student population amidst the city’s ongoing urban expansion.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study explores the phased approaches of post-war urban re-design to present a collaboration between Artificial Intelligence and traditional processes for post-war urban recovery. A hybrid approach enables stakeholders to actively define their city's future by simulating several re-design scenarios utilizing AI data management. This interactive representation of possible results enables well-informed decision-making, where the advantages and limitations are carefully considered, guaranteeing that the re-design aligns with the requirements and needs of the local communities. This integrative method promotes openness and a feeling of responsibility, establishing the basis for resilient urban environments that emerge from conflict.METHODS: The study establishes a foundation for using Artificial Intelligence technologies to solve complex urban development challenges by critically examining existing approaches for urban re-design after the war and promoting interventions powered by Artificial Intelligence-driven processes. This study aims to contribute to the field of post-war rebuilding of urban landscapes by developing a solution that can be generalized. This study adopts a qualitative methodology approach to investigate the possible integration of Artificial Intelligence in re-designing urban landscapes post-war. The methodology is structured to examine existing approaches and studies of post-war urban recovery, compare traditional and AI-assisted approaches, and propose a hybrid approach that combines both. The study structure is a literature review and theoretical approach development, data collection, and analysis, depending on multiple sources, including government reports and academic research, as well as hybrid approach development.FINDINGS: The discussion provides theoretical evidence of the potential advances in this empirical approach, highlighting the efficiency improvements achievable by using Artificial Intelligence technologies in a hybrid phased approach that integrates traditional post-war processes with Artificial Intelligence -assisted ones. The study also highlights the importance of ethical considerations in Artificial Intelligence restoration procedures, addressing acceptance, community involvement, and cultural heritage safeguarding concerns. This emphasis on ethics reassures the audience about Artificial Intelligence's responsible and conscientious use in post-war re-design.CONCLUSION: The study explores the potential integration of Artificial Intelligence in re-designing postwar urban landscapes. It compares conventional methods of urban revival with innovative Artificial Intelligence-supported methods to determine the advantages of utilizing Artificial Intelligence in post-war urban re-design. Traditional techniques for gathering data, allocating resources, and engaging the community have many challenges that negatively affect the effectiveness of re-designing and re-design measures. This study suggests that integrating Artificial Intelligence with traditional strategies can help overcome these challenges by analyzing extensive datasets, which leads to effective decision-making. A hybrid approach combining conventional and Artificial Intelligence-supported methods is suggested to improve the resiliency and sustainability of the re-designing process. It aims to enhance resource distribution and strategic planning through Artificial Intelligence-assisted strategies.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Economic growth accompanied by population growth results in various negative externalities, one of which is excessive waste production. Waste conditions that are not handled properly will cause a domino effect on the balance of the ecosystem and environmental health. One of the factors that caused the high rate of waste production is the quality of the population, the existing condition of the community, the population, and environmental management, especially waste. This study looks at the causes of excessive daily waste production from various aspects from the perspective of social, economic, and spatial conditions. Not only that, the management of reduce, reuse, and recycle waste is also taken into account in the decrease in the amount of daily waste production.
METHODS: This study identifies spatial distribution through a Geo-Map literature analysis with Vosviewer. The study also examines the influence of social, economic, and spatial factors and the existence of reduce, reuse and recycle waste management sites with daily waste production using Ordinary Least Square Regression using 2022 cross-section data in 34 provinces in Indonesia.
FINDINGS: The results showed that variables with a probability value of α < 0.05 for urban population, Area Size, and Life Expectancy had a significant positive influence on daily waste production. In contrast, the average length of schooling has a significant negative effect. In addition, there are also variables with a probability value of α < 0.10, namely life expectancy and per capita income, which also have a significant positive effect. However, the existence of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Waste Management, shown by a probability value of α > 0.10, does not show a significant influence on Daily Waste Production. These factors are also reflected in the spatial distribution of the map.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the achievement of goal 12 in the Sustainable Development Goals program will be successful if the community is committed to raising awareness of environmental responsibility. Not only that, major adjustments are needed, including the role of reducing, reusing, and recycling waste management towards responsible consumption and production.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The urban environment on a university campus is constituted by a complex and multifaceted fabric, comprising a diverse array of elements. An understanding of the configuration and relationships between these elements enables designers and planners to create urban architecture that meets the needs of residents. The present study seeks to identify the specific factors that shape the mental image of the urban fabric of the University of Mosul campus. To this end, it reviews and analyses some related studies.METHODS: This study used a mixed methodology, including quantitative and qualitative methods, to evaluate the impact of architectural elements on the mental image of a university campus. Qualitative information was collected through interviews with urban design experts and old pioneers, while a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to professors, graduate students, and final-year students at the Department of Architecture to obtain quantitative data. The aim was to build on the data and obtain reliable results.FINDINGS: The results show the most important elements that impacted the mental image, with the opening elements being the most memorable, as they were recognized with about 92% accuracy. In contrast, the plant elements group had less impact, being identified with approximately 33% accuracy.CONCLUSION: Understanding the process of forming mental images of the urban environment is crucial for future city quality enhancement. Mental images consist of physical and non-physical elements, and attention to detail, aesthetics, and people's preferences can lead to sustainable urban design. The location, design, and functionality of elements and social activities can significantly impact the mental image, influencing comfort, security, and belonging.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The strategic choice of where to locate a hydropower plant affects both the facility's financial performance and the long-term sustainable growth of the surrounding area. This study aims to evaluate the accurate location planning of power plant establishment for electricity production in western Mazandaran.
METHODS: The Analytical Hierarchy Process is used to assess feasibility, identify the optimal location, and determine the most suitable type of green energy plant. Cost analysis is also conducted to identify the location minimizing energy consumption and associated risks. Finally, recommendations for the most suitable location are presented. Based on this, 6 cities located in the west of Mazandaran province have been selected as case studies. The research was conducted between 2020 and 2023. This research involved preparing a topographic map and using software to determine green locations for electricity production in western Mazandaran, based on a 15-year return period. A comparison is made between the electricity generation system from green energy and the electricity generation system from fossil sources. This comparison examines net production cost, sensitivity analysis, and environmental pollution for both green and fossil fuel systems. The feasibility and effectiveness of a green energy system are then evaluated based on geographical conditions and year-round electricity consumption profiles. Finally, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process hierarchical analysis results, we identify the most optimal location for equipment installation, considering economic efficiency, geographical conditions, and year-round electricity consumption.
FINDINGS: The findings reveal that downstream areas with a low slope are best suited for green and sustainable energy production due to their hydrological characteristics and potential for a sustainable supply chain. While eastern regions have high hydropower potential, construction costs are also high. The total cost for a green and sustainable power plant is 2.2 billion Tomans, while sustainable and uneconomical options cost 14 billion Tomans and 24.3 billion Tomans, respectively. Finally, to propose optimal locations for green and sustainable power plants, three precise coordinates for points A, B, and C have been identified.
CONCLUSION: This study identifies 40 potential locations for green and sustainable power plants, with additional locations identified for sustainable and non-economic options. Cost and time comparisons show significant advantages for green and sustainable plants. Three specific locations (A, B, and C) with precise coordinates are recommended for further development. This research concluded that eastern areas in the west of Mazandaran, particularly near rivers, are generally well-suited for constructing hydropower plants.
Abstract: ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The heating of inner cities is an immense global phenomenon, and urban green spaces are crucial in mitigating this predicament. This study evaluates the cooling effects of urban green infrastructures in a dry region, specifically the Middle East by analyzing Tehran, a metropolis severely impacted by urban heating. We use advanced methodologies to estimate regulating ecosystem services.METHODS: This research employed a multi-stage methodology utilizing satellite data and in-situ measurements. Land use/land cover maps of Tehran were generated using Landsat imagery from Thematic Mapper (2002), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (2012), and Operational Land Imager (2022), processed with geometric and radiometric corrections in ENVI 5.3. A supervised classification via the Super Vector Machine algorithm identified four land use categories: built-up areas, barren lands, green spaces, and water bodies. The cooling effects of these land uses, analyzed using the InVEST ecosystem service software, were assessed over the 2002-2022 period, incorporating variables such as evapotranspiration, temperature, and shading effects.
FINDINGS: The results showed a decline in green spaces from 13.1% in 2002 to 11.9% in 2012 and 11.8% in 2022, with a projected further decline to 11.7% by 2032. The reduction rate was significant in the first decade, with a loss of 717 hectares, compared to 14 hectares in the second decade. An additional reduction of 66 hectares is predicted over the next decade. The Urban Heat Mitigation Index was highest in the green District 22 with values of 0.91, 0.79, and 0.66, respectively, and lowest in District 10 with values of 0.22, 0.21, and 0.19. Projections for 2032 suggest that District 22 will maintain the highest cooling capacity at 0.65, while District 10 will remain the lowest at 0.19.CONCLUSION: This study highlights the critical relationship between urban development and green infrastructure. It particularly underscores the importance of preserving green infrastructure as a means to mitigate urban heat, with a focus on its influence on Tehran's microclimate and overall environmental quality. The findings indicate a worrying decline in green spaces, posing significant challenges for urban environmental management. This persistent loss of natural areas undermines ecological stability and urban resilience, especially in terms of heat mitigation and quality of life. Additionally, the uneven distribution of green spaces exacerbates vulnerability in specific Districts, emphasizing the pressing need for sustainable urban planning in Tehran. This study assessed past and future changes to provide valuable insights for urban decision-makers and managers.
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