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Authors:Fredrick Kisekka-Ntale Pages: 92 - 115 Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Volume 12, Issue 1, Page 92-115, January 2024. The intricate link between political power and land rights is a historical axiom and Zimbabwe and Uganda present two conflicting yet analogous situations of what happens in agrarian societies, where socio-economic life is organised around access to and use of land. In such communities, institutions of land tenure are powerful mediums that shape political relations, electoral choices and the whole landscape of political interactions that happen in rural communities. This article seeks to examine how the post-colonial state in Zimbabwe and Uganda deliberately and systematically manipulated ‘insecure’ land tenure regimes by deploying institutions as instruments of political control and relevance. We argue that while the British coloniser framed the two counties differently, that is Zimbabwe as a settler colony and Uganda as a native colony, post-colonial land tenure regimes in the two countries were framed as institutional configurations purposefully designed and redesigned by national leaders as instruments of building state authority, organising the rural masses politically and shaping state-citizen allegiances. In this context, we argue that the land reforms in both countries perpetuated economic and regional disparities, inherited from colonial economic policies, and the ethnic and racial divisions, as foundations of state-making. In that regard, the connection between land and political authority may appear delinked and far-fetched, yet, as the Ugandan and Zimbabwean cases illustrate, there is compelling evidence to confirm this contention. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-01-25T12:52:01Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249231212102 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (2024)
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Authors:Kappey Yadagiri Pages: 129 - 132 Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Volume 12, Issue 1, Page 129-132, January 2024.
Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-01-25T12:51:59Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249231196410 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (2024)
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Authors:Priya Singh Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. In this research article, there is an attempt to understand the concept of Anna Pratha in rural areas of Bundelkhand region. There is an attempt to uncover that this Pratha is directly or indirectly related to adverse geographical conditions of this area. Agrarian crisis, water scarcity and Anna Pratha are interrelated phenomena. To understand these aspects, one village, Nahari, from Banda district of Uttar Pradesh, part of Bundelkhand region, was selected by the researcher randomly. The primary method of data collection has been used by the researcher. Through interview schedule, the researcher collected in-depth information regarding Anna Practice prevailed in this region. Since 2018–2020, data have been collected by the researcher through field visits in this area. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-04-05T09:22:12Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249241233051
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Authors:Farai Musonza, Promise Machingo Hlungwani Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. The Zimbabwean government commissioned the Command Agriculture Programme as one of the follow-up programmes to the land reform programme in 2016–2017 seasons. The programme sought to increase food and nutrition security and reduce import bill by increasing sustainable agricultural production. Mixed sentiments and debates have emerged on whether the programme has been effective enough to fulfil its objective. In light of this background, this research sought to assess the effectiveness of Command Agriculture among communal farmers in Murehwa district who have been part of the beneficiaries of the scheme. The research is evaluative in nature as it adopted one of the OECD evaluation criteria of establishing the effectiveness of a programme. The evaluation placed much emphasis on the outcome level results as well as on implementation processes. Key informant interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used in this study. The major finding was that there has only been a marginal improvement in food security and productivity in the beneficiary households. This means that sustainable food access, availability, utilisation and stability, which entails food security, has been low in the district in terms of feeding to the overall objective of the programme. Strict monitoring and evaluation is recommended for programme efficiency and effectiveness. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-04-05T09:21:13Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249241233068
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Authors:Murali D. A., R. Vijay Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. Tenancy has been increasing in the post-reform period, in which pure tenancy has significant share. The pure tenants lack ownership rights over the land, which restricts access to agricultural inputs from the formal sources. This leads to the emergence of personalised informal arrangements with moneylenders and other input dealers. Using village-level data, we attempt to understand how input and output markets interact in informal arrangements. If so, what is their impact on the output and rental rates in a village economy' This study shows that the cultivators go for interlinked exchanges ranging from zero to three, and a significant share of them have more than two interlinkages in the input market. It is also evident that the more the number of linkages, the more the output produced and rent paid. This self-exploitative arrangement has the potential to become a vicious cycle in the future. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-03-28T10:36:19Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249241233070
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Authors:Pallavi Kabde Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-03-23T10:48:07Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249241236259
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Authors:Nelson Nyabanyi N-yanbini, Justice Kufour Owusu-Ansah Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. In rural Ghana, women encounter patriarchal values that restrict their access to productive agricultural lands. This undermines the productive capacity of women, affecting sustainable food production. Using mixed methods, we provide new insights into gendered land access in Northern Ghana. A sample of 228 household heads was surveyed from seven major communities across the study area. In-depth interviews were conducted with chiefs and women associations. Findings indicate that land-based decisions are mainly made by men as women were assigned to less fertile farmlands. As a result, women are disproportionately poorer and experienced occasional bouts of hunger. Outcomes of gendered land access were precarious, affecting poverty reduction, food security and women empowerment. The study recommends joint ownership of lands as a point of entry into customary land decision-making platforms by women. A deeper understanding of women’s land access dynamics in order to mainstream the same into land-sector policies was proffered. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-03-22T07:42:12Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249241237033
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Authors:Nilay Banerjee Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. In India, the common notion towards cultivation is that it is commonly a male-centric activity. Women are a crucial resource in cultivation in rural India, but their contribution to cultivation is mostly disguised. Moreover, in India, large sections of women from economically and socially backward sections of the society are deprived twice, once for being born as a girl and once for being poor. The rural women in the coastal climatic zones have started to shift from being related solely to farming. This shift has been fuelled by various reasons such as less adequate knowledge of modern agricultural systems, physical drudgery of cultivation and the economic viability of the non-farm livelihood activities in the rural areas. In the coastal areas of West Bengal and Odisha, the scope of alternative livelihood is immense. Further, long-standing obstacles faced by rural women in terms of limited access to productive resources (land, credit, inputs, transport, extension services, storage, technical assistance and overall social prejudices) prevent them from adopting agriculture as their prime livelihood option. Moreover, recent studies on women in agriculture conducted in India and other lower-middle income and underdeveloped countries all point to the conclusion that women contribute far more towards agricultural production than has generally been acknowledged. The study has intricately focused on some key topics such as the access and control over land as a resource for women cultivator communities in coastal zones of West Bengal and Odisha and further to gather proper knowledge about the alterations of the livelihood of the women cultivators of the area. The study focuses on the differences between the two homogeneous communities living in close proximity showing different levels of alternative livelihoods and the relation between landholding and alternative livelihoods. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-03-12T06:27:22Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249241233067
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Authors:Chioma Patricia Adekunle, Esther Toluwatope Tolorunju, Oladeji Solomon Oladele, Adeleke Sabitu Coster Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. Studies have shown that women’s stronger rights to productive assets, particularly land, are linked to household overall welfare due to increased female intra-household bargaining power. Through in-depth interviews with 282 rural women in Ogun State, Nigeria, this study examines women’s involvement in land-related decision-making in their households as well as its socioeconomic determinants. This study models the empirical relationship between women’s land-related bargaining power over land. Women’s land-related bargaining power was estimated with principal component analysis (PCA), and Tobit regression model was used for its determinants. It was found that the women’s mean age was 44 years. On average, the household size was six persons. Women have low bargaining power regarding household land-related decision-making, particularly bequeathing land. Farm households’ land endowment shows that married monogamous households hold an average of 2.64 hectares, cohabiting monogamous households hold 1.82 hectares, and polygamous households hold an average of 4.01 hectares. Women in polygamous household types have lower (19 per cent) access to households’ land through marriage compared to their monogamous counterparts with 61 per cent and 44 per cent for both married and cohabiting monogamous households. 78 per cent of the women have low land-related bargaining power. A mean score of 0.19 was estimated for women’s land-related bargaining power. Women’s land-related bargaining power is influenced by their marital status among other factors; the reverse is the case of their husbands, regardless of whether they are monogamous or polygamous. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-03-06T08:07:34Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249241233065
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Authors:Dimple Tresa Abraham, N. Neetha Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. Expanding women’s ownership of land has remained a challenge despite amendment to inheritance laws towards gender equality on account of gender bias, originating from entrenched patriarchy, hereditary customs and sociocultural norms. This may never change without political will and support from executive arms of related government departments, but innovative interventions may help. The article recommends one such measure drawing upon a multi-state evaluation study, wherein type and proportion of works completed on private lands under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) were examined with respect to land ownership of beneficiary household by gender. The study found inequality in terms of both number and type of works completed on land owned by women, which largely may be attributable to comparatively lower proportion of women having land in their name. The article advocates affirmative action with respect to MGNREGA works on private lands, which could be a proactive policy push towards expanding women’s land rights. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2024-01-15T09:03:46Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249231213151
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Authors:Sudesh Kumar Aryan Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. This study is based on the empirical work carried out in the state of Jammu and Kashmir where the people are forcibly displaced from their ancestral homeland due to dam projects. The objective of the study is to examine the issues of compensation, land acquisition and employment among the displaced people which they faced after displacement. For conducting the research, the study was used as a sampling method particularly purposive and snowball technique with the help of semi-structure interview schedule. It has been observed that after involuntary displacement, the displaced people face lots of challenges with regards to their compensation and employment problems. The respective state government has given only monetary compensation to the displaced families according to the Land Acquisition Act, 1984. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2023-10-26T08:06:42Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249231196411
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Authors:Beatrice Adhiambo Otieno, Geoffrey Otieno Muga Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. BackgroundWidows still face immense barriers in owning land and get inferior reliable rights to land than males across most Kenyan communities. The objective of this study, therefore, was to establish the sociocultural and economic factors that continue to bar widows from owning land in rural Western Kenya.MethodsA cross-sectional study employing qualitative data collection methods was adopted in this study where six widows participated in Case Narratives (CN), and two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) each with five widows and one FGD comprising eight men were conducted. In addition, six widows were identified from the FGD participants for in-depth interviews (IDIs) and 10 key informant interviews with stakeholders were carried out. Data from the qualitative interviews were transcribed for coding and analysis. The thematic content analysis method was used to identify themes related to sociocultural and economic factors hindering women from land ownership.ResultsEconomic marginalisation, traditional land ownership structures, and practices such as the skewed land inheritance that disfavour women due to the deep-rooted patriarchy, low level of education and lack of awareness of existing land laws were found to be the major hindrances to land ownership by widows. In addition, the tedious process of accessing land documents and widow inheritance is also to blame.ConclusionThe study concludes that the existence of a legal regime that accords women and widows the right to own land may not be sufficient in realising the intended gains for women if it is not backed up with an effective implementation and awareness creation on the laws as well as economic empowerment of the widows through targeted social protection schemes. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2023-10-06T07:15:04Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249231196396
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Authors:Raj Kishore Panda Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. The study aims at examining the disparity in crop productivity and input usage between male- and female-headed self-cultivating farm households in the coastal region of Odisha, India. Field-level data from 221 sample households are collected and analysed following a multi-stage sampling procedure. The findings reveal that the male-headed farms have both higher productivity and better use of inputs in realizing returns than the female-headed farms. Within the female-headed farms, the de facto ones have an edge over their de jure counterparts in both these respects. Since the study area is a disaster-prone area, adding further to the gender-constraints of female-headed farms in the use of inputs and realizing commensurate yield, the study suggests for measures to build capacity among women farmers to produce efficiently. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2023-09-29T06:24:07Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249231196403
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Authors:Ch. Sankar Rao Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. Agricultural-land sale prices in India exponentially increased during post-reforms period. This article studies operation of agricultural-land sale market and its implications in Andhra Pradesh during 2001–2017. It is based on primary data from six villages in three regions. The results show that sale prices of unit agricultural land have skyrocketed, and they are no way related to returns from land. The rich, non-cultivating households are increasingly buying agricultural land at higher prices for non-cultivating purposes and left fallow. They treat agricultural land as gold for store value, speculative trading, tax benefits, etc. The higher land sale prices along with depleting returns tempted distressed small farmers to sell their land. Consequently, cultivating small farmers are pushed to supply-side of land market as distressed sellers but not on the demand side of land market as buyers. Agricultural land is slowly but permanently going away from the hands of cultivator to noncultivators. Continuation of these trends has an adverse impact on equity and efficiency in agriculture land ownership in the state. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2023-09-28T08:43:33Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249231196394
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Authors:Satish Kumar Shukla, Anirban Mukherjee, Gerad D. Middendorf Abstract: Journal of Land and Rural Studies, Ahead of Print. Kannauj is an historic city in northern India, which is known since antiquity for producing high quality natural ittar (natural perfume). This study explores the notion that perfume is a product of science and standardised production and marketing practices, whereas ittar is a natural product derived from traditional knowledge and craft production processes passed on through generations. The study highlights the ‘deg-bhapka’ technique of ittar production, explores the lifeworlds of the artisans, their perception of the art, discusses the main ittar varieties, and explores the role of social and cultural capital in preserving the legacy over generations. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were used for data collection. Finally, the study examines the contemporary challenges and bottlenecks in this heritage industry and the incongruency of the art of ittar-making to the nuances of the capitalist economy. The possibilities for evolving and marketing ittar as a ‘green’, ‘organic’ and ‘indigenous’ product of traditional art and contemporary aesthetic standards are explored. Citation: Journal of Land and Rural Studies PubDate: 2023-09-21T08:21:59Z DOI: 10.1177/23210249231192757
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