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Journal of Travel Research
Journal Prestige (SJR): 2.82  Citation Impact (citeScore): 5 Number of Followers: 14  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 0047-2875 - ISSN (Online) 1552-6763 Published by Sage Publications  [1176 journals]
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- Power of Sentiment Expressions on Peer-to-Peer Rental Platforms: A
Mixed-Method Approach-
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Authors: Xi Zhang, Xin Wei, Te Zhang, Sai Liang, Yao Ma, Rob Law
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Studies have confirmed the ineffectiveness of sentiment expressions generated by sellers in improving guests’ purchasing intentions. However, how sentiment expressions can influence guest behavior and host performance remains unclear, given the relative importance of seller-generated content in peer-to-peer rental platforms. After collecting data from Airbnb and developing empirical models, this study confirmed that hosts’ sentiment expressions largely benefit from their online performance. This case is especially true when their properties did not receive high-quality negative reviews. To further reveal the mechanism behind this effect, we further conducted two experiments. Results show that trust plays an intermediary role in the relationship between hosts’ sentiment expressions and guests’ purchasing intentions. This work contributes to tourism literature and property owners on peer-to-peer rental platforms in practice.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-03-23T10:40:50Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231158598
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- Determinants of Consumers’ Intentions to Reduce Air Travel
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Authors: Barbara Seegebarth, David M. Woisetschläger, Stefanie Sohn, Vanessa Frenser
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Although consumer air travel reduction has important societal, economic, and environmental implications, knowledge about the determinants of consumers’ decisions to reduce air travel is sparse. Therefore, the present study develops and empirically tests a model of consumers’ intentions to reduce air travel. To understand the determinants of consumers’ intentions to reduce air travel through this model, we build on anticonsumption theory, which we extend by integrating social dilemma and behavioral reasoning theory. The findings from a survey conducted among air travelers (n = 1,263) reveal that consumers’ decisions to reduce air travel are the result of cognitively weighing the benefits and sacrifices of air travel that are oriented either toward the self (e.g., perceived health risks) or others (e.g., perceived environmental concerns). In addition, the results of a multigroup analysis provide segment-specific implications for practitioners and public policy.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-03-17T12:43:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231159044
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- Shared Festival Tourism Experiences: The Power and Purpose of Remembering
Together-
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Authors: Emma Harriet Wood, Maarit Kinnunen, Jonathan Moss, Yanning Li
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Although there is much discussion of what makes travel experiences memorable there is less on how remembering those experiences together then makes us feel and act. This empirical paper builds upon recent conceptual work in shared emotional memory, and explores the processes through which memories are negotiated and how these then affect our attitudes and behavioral intentions. Using an innovative qualitative methodology, we analyze individual and shared memories from six pairs of festival tourists. The findings highlight how wellbeing increases, through a shared reality and sense of belonging, as we negotiate an agreed memory of a past experience. The agreed memory is formed through negotiation, attunement, and emotional synchrony. This desire to agree and the wellbeing benefits that accrue strongly influence attitudes, behavioral intentions, and word-of-mouth. There are important implications for tourism practitioners in the design of experiences and in post-trip marketing activities informed by and influencing consumer memory sharing.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-03-16T11:49:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231158591
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- Spatial Authenticity and Extraordinary Experiences: Music Festivals and
the Everyday Nature of Tourism Destinations-
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Authors: Alexandros Skandalis, Emma Banister, John Byrom
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Research taking into account the everyday nature of tourism destinations and its impact upon authenticity and attendees’ resulting extraordinary experiences is limited. Drawing upon a 3-year ethnography (including fieldnotes, photos/videos, artifact material) and interviews with festival attendees, we explore the interrelationships between authenticity and extraordinary experiences in the context of Primavera Sound music festival. Our emergent thematic categories—the festival’s indie music character, its urban and quotidian configuration, and the instrumental orientation of the festival experience—suggest the festival is firmly positioned within the structures of the indie music industry, while also being located within the confines of day-to-day urban life. Attendees seek to achieve a sense of spatial authenticity by engaging with the features of tourism destinations. We contribute to discussions about authenticity and extraordinary experiences by unpacking the everyday nature of tourism destinations, demonstrating that not all music festivals need to be “extraordinary” muddy camping events.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-03-10T12:35:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231159054
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- The Tourism Demarketing Mix: Working to Reduce Revisits to Egyptian Nature
Reserves-
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Authors: Ahmed M. Elsetouhi, Mohamed E. Elshourbagi, Ahmed A. Hammad, Alaa A. Elnazer
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study tests the impact of the tourism demarketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) on tourists’ intention to reduce revisits to nature reserves in Egypt. In particular, this work focuses on the moderating role of switching cost. Data were collected from 401 tourists of the Wadi Degla and Petrified Forest nature reserves in Egypt. Path analysis is employed to test the research hypotheses using WarpPLS 6. Findings confirm that the tourism demarketing mix significantly affects tourists’ perception and intention to reduce revisits to the nature reserves. Lower switching cost partially enhanced the relationship between the tourism demarketing mix and tourists’ intention to reduce revisits. Regarding implications, managers can use findings from this study to design marketing plans that contribute to sustainable stewardship of destinations and protect nature reserves. Limitations and conclusions were also provided.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-03-09T09:05:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231158590
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- How do Different Types of User-Generated Content Attract Travelers'
Taking Story and Review on Airbnb as the Example-
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Authors: Sihan Li, Yongli Li, Chao Liu, Ningyuan Fan
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
User-generated content (UGC) has been validated as an important factor in travel decisions. However, it is still unclear whether different types of UGC function differently. Social cognitive theory was applied to investigate the different effects of two types of UGC, Story and Review on Airbnb, on attracting travelers through 2,271 accommodations in Beijing from December 2018 to September 2019 via the spatial Durbin model. The results indicate that, first, Story plays a positive direct role on reservation, implying that Story works as a push factor in attracting newcoming travelers to visit story-related accommodations; second, Review works as a pull factor by attracting extant travelers who have investigated nearby accommodations, based on the negative spatial spillover effect; and third, Review works as a moderating factor between Story and reservation. This research extends social cognitive theory to analyze different types of UGC functions in travel decisions.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-03-09T09:02:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231158588
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- When We Practice to Deceive: Service Worker Manipulation and (Mis)Behavior
on Cruise Ships-
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Authors: Andrew D. Pressey, Lloyd C. Harris
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Studies of service delivery often assume that any deviance from service protocols when interacting with customers is largely due to service worker ineptitude or incompetence; this is particularly the case with customer deception or manipulation. This contrasts with studies which report that service workers frequently act in deviant ways. In tourist settings, service quality is paramount, and any attempts to deceive or manipulate customers is tantamount to service failure. This study explores service worker deception and manipulation on cruise ships through a series of in-depth interviews (n = 50) via the lens of “Deviant Leisure.” This study finds that manipulation is a quotidian practice on cruise ships, including the manipulation by cruise ship frontline employees (including the manipulation of customers, co-workers, subordinates, and superordinates), and the manipulation of cruise ship frontline employees (including manipulation by customers, co-workers, and managers). The paper concludes with a discussion of contributions to theory and practice.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-02-22T08:38:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231153126
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- Travel While Working Remotely: A Topological Data Analysis of Well-Being
in Remote Work Trip Experiences-
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Authors: Ekaterina Chevtaeva, Barbara Neuhofer, Roman Egger, Mattia Rainoldi
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The proliferation of novel work arrangements, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to the emergence of remote work trip experiences in which work is conducted within the context of leisure travel. Remote work trips challenge the dichotomous view of traditional work and leisure domains. Grounded in positive psychology, this exploratory research investigates remote work travel experiences as a new phenomenon under the leisure travel umbrella. Using a data analytics approach based on a topological analysis of 32,881 Instagram posts, the findings revealed 23 distinct elements of remote work trip experiences that potentially influence well-being. The results indicate that traveling may benefit well-being despite not taking any breaks from work. By investigating the emerging trend of remote work trips and by expanding the understanding of how integrated work-travel experiences can influence well-being, this study contributes to the body of literature on both travel and positive psychology alike.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-02-07T10:49:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231151923
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- Travelers’ Psychological Ownership: A Systematic Review and Future
Research Agenda-
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Authors: Cenhua Lyu, Yangyang Jiang, M. S. Balaji
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Scholarly interest in research on travelers’ psychological ownership has recently increased given its relationship with traveler behavior. This study provides a systematic literature review centered on travelers’ psychological ownership, thus organizing extant work and developing guidelines for future research. We employ bibliometric analysis to reveal current research progress in the domain, acknowledge influential contributions, and identify major research streams. Then we use framework-based thematic analysis and develop a Targets-Antecedents-Consequences-Interventions (TACI) framework to explore the theoretical underpinning of travelers’ psychological ownership, yielding structural insights and knowledge gaps. Based on our review, we develop 18 propositions to guide future research. The findings provide academics with a roadmap to advance research on travelers’ psychological ownership.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-30T10:46:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875231151395
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- Re-enactment in Lighter Dark Tourism: An Exploration of Re-enactor Tour
Guides and Their Perspectives on Creating Visitor Experiences-
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Authors: Brianna Wyatt, Anna Leask, Paul Barron
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study explores the perspectives of re-enactor tour guides (RTG) concerning their role and re-enactment of dark histories—an overlooked topic within dark tourism research. A conceptual model is proposed that reflects the role of RTGs and how they differ from re-enactors and non-acting tour guides. The model was developed from data collected using rich picture building (RPB) during focus groups with RTGs at three lighter dark visitor attractions. The findings reveal RTGs are passionate about the history and committed to delivering memorable visitor experiences. They also reveal RTGs can offer attraction management constructive feedback and ideas to enhance the visitor experience. The study extends existing literature and provides important insights pertaining to RTGs and the re-enactment of dark histories within lighter dark tourism.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-30T10:28:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221151074
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- How Do Voice Characteristics Affect Tourism Interpretation Purchases'
An Empirical Study Based on Voice Mining-
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Authors: Ying Wang, Yang Yang, Xuequn Wang, Qingyan Zheng, Rong Peng
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study investigates how voice characteristics (i.e., speech rate, loudness, pitch) affect interpretation purchases in digital interpretation platforms through the lenses of signaling theory and nonverbal communication. Based on auditory and transactional data from a leading digital interpretation platform in China, this study uses voice mining techniques to extract voice characteristics and examine their effects on interpretation purchases. Findings demonstrate the significant positive effects of speech rate and the significant inverted U-effects of loudness and pitch on interpretation purchases. This study thus extends tourism interpretation research focused on traditional forms to digital interpretation platforms and provides empirical evidence that nonverbal signals (voice characteristics) matter in tourism interpretation purchases. Findings also offer practical implications for tourism interpretation innovation and platform operation.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-27T06:19:23Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221151070
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- Does Social Globalization Affect the Relationship Between International
Tourism and Economic Growth'-
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Authors: Hazwan Haini, Pang Wei Loon, Soo Keong Yong, Sufrizul Husseini
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study examines the moderating effect of social globalization on the relationship between international tourism and economic growth using a dataset of 143 economies from 1995 to 2017. Social globalization is broadly defined as the sharing of cultures and beliefs which facilitates the flow of ideas and knowledge. Our results show that social globalization affects economic growth directly and indirectly through enhancing international tourism. However, we find that the direct effect of international tourism on growth is not statistically significant for developing economies. On the other hand, tourism-dependent developing economies can benefit from growth as social globalization increases. This implies that policymakers can promote growth by developing institutions and infrastructure to enhance social globalization, such as implementing visa-free travel and the construction of international airports, to enhance the growth-gains from international tourism.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-21T10:11:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221146779
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- Brand Personality Word Embedding Model: UNESCO World Heritage Personality
Scale-
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Authors: Mohamed Abdalla Elsayed Hassan, Konstantina Zerva, Silvia Aulet
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Despite having received considerable academic attention, existing brand personality (BP) scales are difficult to generalize and likely need further development. The aim of this study was to design a novel method for constructing context driven-BP categories through the use of a multi-disciplinary approach and advances in personality studies in psychology and natural language processing. Based on a textual analysis that relies on devising hypotheses of psycholexical representation and the distributed representation of words, the aforementioned method was employed to explore World Heritage Site (WHS) personalities using information from all 1,121 UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHSs) and 9,920 user-generated reviews on TripAdvisor. The study identified a 192-item WHS personality dictionary organized into five clusters: Exceptionality; Attractiveness; Identification; Responsibility; and Prominence. These categories could be employed to measure other tourism attractions. The results show that UNESCO strongly associates WHSs with the attributes of Attractiveness and Identification.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-16T08:52:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221147142
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- Disaster Planning Intentions of Tourism Accommodation Managers:
Understanding the Influence of Past Disaster Experience and Disaster
Management Training-
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Authors: Sunil Sahadev, Neeru Malhotra, Lakmini N. Kannangara, Brent W. Ritchie
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Tourism is one of the most vulnerable industries to disasters, and empirical studies on disaster preparedness have been surprisingly sparse. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, this study sheds light on the unexplored mediating role of strategic decision-makers’ (SDMs) disaster cognition along with their attitude to explicate how and why learning influences disaster planning. Hypotheses were tested using two-phase survey data collected from 301 SDMs of Sri Lankan accommodation establishments. Clarifying previous inconsistent findings regarding the role of learning, this study demonstrated that training and past disaster experience indirectly influenced SDMs’ planning intentions via their disaster cognition and attitude toward disaster planning. In this regard, past experience was found to regulate the relationship of training with both cognition and attitude, implying that disaster training programs may be more influential for encouraging disaster planning intentions of lesser experienced SDMs by stimulating their disaster cognition and attitude.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-16T08:51:15Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221145129
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- Climate Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Investment: Evidence From the
U.S. Tourism and Hospitality Sector-
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Authors: Jing Gao, Lei Zhang
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
We examine the association between climate policy uncertainty (CPU) and corporate investment using U.S. data on tourism and hospitality firms over the period 2001–2020. We find that the aggregate country-level CPU is significantly negatively associated with capital investment, with the impact extending at least 4 years into the future. In particular, we find that CPU has an influence on firms’ capital investment that is incremental to economic policy uncertainty (EPU). By contrast, we document that CPU is unrelated to R&D investment. Our main findings are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests, including an instrumental variable approach and sub-industry analyses. Overall, our findings highlighting the impact of CPU on capital investment have significant implications for academics, managers, and policy makers.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-13T09:21:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221149319
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- Iranian Women Traveling in vTime—A Cyberfeminist Approach
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Authors: Mahtab Kiani, Rokhshad Tavakoli, Paolo Mura
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Informed by a cyberfeminist standpoint, this paper explores the role of cyberworlds and virtual tourism in providing less constrained and more liberating traveling experiences for women. More specifically, through interviews with a group of Iranian women traveling in a virtual world known as vTime, this work discusses whether and how virtual tourist experiences allow women to overcome their travel-related constraints and pave the way to forms of self-determination and emancipation. In contrast, several feminists hold utopian and dystopian views regarding the benefits of the Internet and technology for women’s empowerment, and the findings of our study point to a rather complex and less encouraging scenario. Virtual tourism in cyberspace allows Iranian women to overcome constraints affecting their traveling experiences. Nevertheless, it is far from a liberating experience as women’s self-expression and activities are restricted and limited by patriarchy-driven concerns about surveillance, legal consequences, harassment, social stigma, and western dominance.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-13T09:19:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221149202
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- Risky Business: Effects of Risk-Related Reviews and Priming Cues in
Uncertain Times-
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Authors: Lisa Cain, Eun Joo Kim, Sarah Tanford
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The risks inherent in booking travel destinations include natural disasters, economic conditions, diseases, terrorism, and war. In times of uncertainty, peoples’ beliefs, biases, and attitudes influence decisions between competing choices. This research examined how affective and behavioral priming influence travelers’ responses to valence and risk cues within online reviews. The risk avoidance principle of prospect theory, in conjunction with the asymmetry effect of positive and negative information, underpinned the studies. The results revealed that different primes influenced responses to review risk content as a function of valence. Behavioral priming increased the impact of positive risk content, whereas negative affective priming amplified the effect of negative risk content. This study builds on the extant body of knowledge by using video to prime emotions and establishing the viability of multiple concurrent primes. The research provides practical suggestions for navigating risk- and affect-related travel influences during times of uncertainty.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-13T09:16:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221147143
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- An Attachment-Based Management Framework of Destination Attributes:
Drawing on the Appraisal Theories of Emotion-
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Authors: Ying Qu, Ruitao Han, Yinyin Dong
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
A management framework for destination attributes is critical for the reasonable allocation of resources. However, existing management frameworks for destination attributes estimate the management value of attributes by calculating their contribution to cognitive satisfaction, which deviates from the “cognition-affection” relationship in psychology. In this scenario, destination attachment is an important concept reflecting the emotional values of attributes. This study proposes an attachment-based management framework for destination attributes based on the appraisal theories of emotion in the context of the progressive development of Hangzhou, China, as a typical mature destination. A networking method is applied to develop the management framework. This is the first study to establish an emotion-based management framework for destination attributes from a psychological perspective. Implications regarding the framework development method and destination attribute management are also provided.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-12T06:07:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221146789
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- Animosity and Tourism: Resident Perspectives
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Authors: Anna Farmaki
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Despite the growing interest that scholars have paid to animosity in tourism settings, pertinent research draws mostly from tourist perspectives to examine the effects of animosity on travel-related decision-making. The aim of this study is to explore the animosity perceptions of residents against Russian tourists who, following the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the sanctions imposed on Russia, are likely to experience intense animosity when traveling abroad. The study draws from interviews with residents based in Cyprus, a well-known island destination in the Mediterranean that is popular among Russian tourists. The study concludes that animosity within tourism settings represents a complex construct as it evolves and manifests varyingly, depending on multiple factors including media representations, passage of time from occurrence of event, previously held attitudes toward tourists, political or cultural affinity and subjective norms. The study offers a classification of resident animosity/affinity which provides theoretical and practical insights.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-12T06:05:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221146784
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- Sustainable Adaptation Planning for Cultural Heritage in Coastal Tourism
Destinations Under Climate Change: A Mixed-Paradigm of Preservation and
Conservation Optimization-
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Authors: Xiao Xiao, Peizhe Li, Erin Seekamp
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Fragmented guidance and unbalanced climate adaptation efforts for tangible and intangible cultural heritage are challenging the long-term sustainability of coastal tourism destinations. Conceptualizing and quantifying adaptation paradigms that optimize cultural heritage preservation from multi-faceted perspectives under fiscal constraints is highly prioritized by coastal tourism destinations. Informed by the Modern Portfolio Theory, this study developed, tested, and evaluated four adaptation paradigms using machine-learning approaches to optimize the historical significance, tangible, and intangible values of multi-type cultural heritage in Gulf Island National Seashore across a 30-year planning horizon under varying fiscal constraints. Results indicated that adaptation paradigms can provide transformative and flexible preservation portfolios to preserve tangible and intangible uses when facing degradation or loss from inadequate funding and intensifying climate threats. The mixed-paradigm framework optimizes preservation efforts between tangible and intangible cultural heritage quantitatively and can be generalized to coastal tourism destinations globally as a sustainable climate adaptation decision support tool.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-12T05:44:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221143479
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- Pride in Transformation: A Rural Tourism Stakeholder View
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Authors: Joelle Soulard, Jeongeun Park, Suiwen (Sharon) Zou
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
While pride is identified as a multilayered and complex emotion, tourism studies primarily focus on the pride generated by the presence of tourists acknowledging the residents’ culture and do not address all the categories of pride. This research gap is important to investigate because research indicates that pride is associated with residents’ perceived well-being, empowerment, and sense of belonging. We examine this contingency through the lens of Hume’s Theory of Pride to investigate how destination stakeholders express multiple categories of pride (e.g., vicarious pride and self-pride) and the manifestations of pride (e.g., prestige and caring) in a rural tourism context. We apply a multi-method approach that combines focus group discussions and personal interviews with 51 stakeholders (i.e., public officials, residents, and tourism business owners) from four rural tourism destinations. These destination stakeholders reveal more thorough and powerful meanings of pride that expand Hume’s theory and provide insights to practitioners.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2023-01-05T12:31:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221143487
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- How Do Tourists Use Metaheuristics for Decision-Making Mediated by
Smartphones in a Destination'-
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Authors: Shasha Liu, Pierre Benckendorff, Judith Mair
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The use of smartphones has empowered tourists to make travel decisions while at a destination. The purpose of this paper is to explore how tourists use metaheuristics to achieve a near-optimal solution for onsite decisions mediated by smartphones. An event-based narrative inquiry technique with semi-structured interviews was used to collect the data. The findings identify two types of decision contexts based on temporal and geographic distance to direct experience/consumption. The findings also reveal that tourists use serial heuristics for a near-optimal solution under different decision contexts, and this solution is achieved through three steps of a tourist decision journey including the initialization solution, acceptance and selection, and final decision. These heuristics can be consciously deployed or unconsciously triggered. The findings offer marketing managers direction regarding what to emphasize when delivering marketing stimuli in onsite destination decision-making contexts.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-27T12:34:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221140905
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- Emotional Solidarity and Co-creation of Experience as Determinants of
Environmentally Responsible Behavior: A Stimulus-Organism-Response Theory
Perspective-
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Authors: Sujie Wang, Adiyukh Berbekova, Muzaffer Uysal, Jiahui Wang
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Effective approaches to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of tourism development have become one of the most prevalent topics in tourism. However, limited research analyzes the role of social interactions in tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior. This study is one of the first to investigate two distinct antecedents representing visitors’ interactions with service providers and residents to explain tourists’ behavior. Drawing on the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, a mixed-methods sequential explanatory research design was employed by collecting quantitative data through a survey and following up with qualitative data from in-depth interviews. Based on a survey of 441 respondents, the study confirmed the positive effects of co-creation experiences between tourists and service providers, as well as emotional solidarity between visitors and residents, on tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior at destinations. An analysis of 10 in-depth interviews reveals new important factors contributing to tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior and its outcomes.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-27T05:36:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221146786
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- Economic Value of Tourism Through Human Capital Gains
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Authors: Ralf Buckley
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Leisure tourism can be analyzed as a mechanism to rebuild human capital depleted by work. Human capital is an essential input to human economies, and possesses a corresponding economic value. Therefore, tourism possesses an economic value additional to expenditure and multipliers, which can be seen as investments in increasing human capital as an asset. Calculating the financial value of human capital gains is likely to prove a more powerful political tool for the tourism sector, than current political perceptions as discretionary leisure.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-27T05:34:29Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221146782
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- A Comparative Study of Emotional Solidarity Between Homestay Hosts and
Tourists-
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Authors: Juan Tang, Xi Zhang
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The expansion of the homestay industry is shadowed by ethical concerns and perceived risks. In this context, the emotional relationship between hosts and tourists in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic needs to be re-examined. Focusing on the togetherness of “we” rather than the demarcation of “you versus me,” we integrate homestay hosts and guests into a conceptual model to examine and compare their emotional solidarity with each other, as well as the relevance of emotional solidarity to perceived risk, MES (Multidimensional Ethics Scale), and support for homestays. Our results show that despite the assumption of perceived risk, tourists feel welcomed by hosts during the pandemic, while hosts feel emotionally close to tourists. In addition to the findings that emotional solidarity mediates perceived risk, MES, and support for homestays in both samples, we find that hosts’ perceived risk is more likely to influence their emotional solidarity and support for homestays.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-24T12:52:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221145127
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- Comparing the Effects of Tourists’ Perceptions of Residents’ Emotional
Solidarity and Tourists’ Emotional Solidarity on Trip Satisfaction and
Word-of-Mouth Intentions-
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Authors: Ivan Ka Wai Lai, Jose Weng Chou Wong
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study aims to examine the effect of tourists’ perceptions of residents’ emotional solidarity with tourists on their trip satisfaction and word-of-mouth intentions toward a destination, taking into consideration the moderating effect of visitation frequency. It also aims to compare the impacts of tourists’ perceptions of residents’ emotional solidarity and the impacts of tourists’ perceptions of their emotional solidarity with residents. The results indicate that residents’ welcoming nature and emotional closeness as perceived by tourists have significant effects on tourists’ satisfaction and word-of-mouth intentions, while perceived residents’ sympathetic understanding does not. Visitation frequency significantly moderates the effects of perceptions of residents’ welcoming nature and emotional closeness on satisfaction. For tourists’ emotional solidarity, their sympathetic understanding has a significant effect on word-of-mouth intentions, and no moderating effect exists. This study has implications for exploring the differences in how tourists both receive from and offer to residents in terms of emotional solidarity.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-24T12:51:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221143504
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- Relationality of Objective and Constructive Authenticities: Effects on
Existential Authenticity, Memorability, and Satisfaction-
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Authors: Seonjin Lee, Mina Kim, Hany Kim
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study sheds new light on the importance of perceived object-related authenticity for a positive tourism experience. We used a novel method of categorizing tourists based on their objective and constructive authenticity perceptions. The authors hypothesized that authenticity perception type would affect tourists’ positive experiences more than other factors. Specifically, differences among authenticity perception types in existential authenticity, satisfaction, and memorability scores were investigated using on-site surveys. The effect was empirically tested in settings with conflicting characteristics: original and re-created heritage sites in South Korea. The results suggest that tourists had more existentially authentic, satisfactory, and memorable experiences when they perceived the site as more objectively authentic. This had a greater impact on positive experience than setting and authenticity orientations. This study makes theoretical contributions by uncovering the relationality of objective and constructive authenticities, which also has implications for practitioners, as it significantly and positively contributes to tourists’ experiences.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-23T10:26:37Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221143468
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- An Art-Based Inquiry into the Perception of Tourism Impacts on Their
Quality of Life: The Case of Cambodian Host-Children-
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Authors: Mona Ji Hyun Yang, Catheryn Khoo, Elaine Chiao Ling Yang
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
While host-children are vulnerable to tourism impacts, the tourism literature has neglected how these impacts affect host-children’s quality of life (QOL). The concept of QOL is ambiguous, and the influence of a host-guest relationship on residents’ QOL has been overlooked. This paper addresses these gaps by exploring how host-children in a developing country perceive tourism impacts on their QOL, focusing on power dynamics in a host-guest relationship. Data were collected from 94 Cambodian host-children using qualitative methods, including drawings and group interviews. The findings revealed Cambodian host-children’s perceptions of tourism impacts over five life domains—material, learning opportunity, cultural pride, emotion, and child sex tourism/trafficking. Despite their perception of negative impacts, all host-children believed that tourism had improved their QOL. The paradox of QOL is explained through Bottom-up Spillover Theory incorporated with Social Exchange Theory. Practical implications for post-COVID and directions for future research are suggested.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-23T10:18:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221140414
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- Characterizing Ex situ Value: A Customer-Dominant Perspective on Value
-
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Authors: Kristina Heinonen
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Customer value, an important requirement for the success of tourism, is commonly seen as a phenomenon co-created between the tourist and the tourism provider. Positioned in the customer-dominant logic, this paper focuses on the tourist’s perspective and introduces the notion of ex situ value formed outside of the tourist-provider’s interaction and the on-site experiences. The forthcoming qualitative study, which is conducted in the context of an online travel community, explores customers’ travel-related experiences within their own lifeworld. The main contribution is the notion of ex situ value, which involves individual and collective experiences and develops a nuanced view of value emerging in customers’ experiential lifeworld. Thus, the article invites researchers to expand the boundaries of value into the customer lifeworld domain and encourages tourism providers to consider the tourists’ contexts outside the standard measurements of value (tourist and provider interactions as well as on-site experiences) as sources of customer value.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-23T10:09:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221139489
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- Tourism and Troubles: Effects of Security Threats on the Global Travel and
Tourism Industry Performance-
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Authors: Raphaël K. Akamavi, Fahad Ibrahim, Raymond Swaray
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The literature on the effects of security threats such as terrorism, political instability, and geopolitical power-plays on travel and tourism has produced mixed results with scant attention paid to the spillover effects on the tourism economy (e.g., employment, leisure expenditure, travel, and tourism services’ contribution to gross domestic product). This study provides a conceptual framework for the transmission of direct, indirect, and induced spillover effects of security threats on travel and tourism service industries. It uses rigorous methodological design and non-spatial and spatial panel-data analyses to examine the effects of security threats on tourism demand and economy. The conceptual framework and results of spatial panel data provide novel insights into security threats’ spillover effects on spatial inter-connectivity in the tourism service industry. The results show that security threat indices have significant negative impacts on tourist receipts, but they also contribute positively to employment, leisure expenditure, and tourist arrivals. Our conceptual model and substantial findings will inform both policymakers and future research.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-23T10:03:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221138792
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- Popular Culture Tourism: Conceptual Foundations and State of Play
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Authors: Maria Lexhagen, Vassilios Ziakas, Christine Lundberg
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Popular culture tourism encompasses a range of expressive practices that attract fans traveling to destinations associated with their fandom pursuit. However, scholarship on this multifaceted phenomenon is today over-fragmented and obscured by separate disciplinary agendas and priorities. We argue that the scope and breadth of popular culture tourism calls for its interdisciplinary treatment as a distinct field. Through a scoping literature review, this paper identifies the foundational elements of its conceptual and ontological roots, extracting key insights and discursive themes that can help establish a comprehensive perspective on the study and management of popular culture tourism. Our inquiry builds common ground that can shed light on the complexity of popular culture expressions and enable their strategic role as a destination placemaking tool. Thematic areas of convergence resulting in the emergent configuration of the field are delineated, and primary research questions for the comprehensive study of popular culture tourism are outlined.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-21T08:49:41Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221140903
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- Tourists’ Visual Attention and Stress Intensity in Nature-Based Tourism
Destinations: An Eye-Tracking Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic-
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Authors: Peizhe Li, Xiao Xiao, Evan Jordan
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Tourists’ visual attention has a central function in constructing their visual experiences and affects their perceptual and cognitive processes. Visual attention might be affected by environmental factors; however, the effects of environmental factors on visual attention are still vague in the literature. Moreover, visual attention might influence tourists’ stress intensity. This study explores how tourists’ visual attention patterns vary under environmental factors and quantifies the effects of visual attention on stress intensity by a mixed- methodology involving observations, eye-tracking experiments, and post-experiment surveys. Findings suggest that crowding is an important environmental factor affecting tourists’ visual attention patterns. Moreover, natural sounds enhance tourists’ visual attention to natural landscapes and mitigate tourists’ stress simultaneously. Mask-wearing can reduce tourists’ visual attention to human crowds but cannot reduce stress intensity directly. Our findings extend the attention restoration theory by a multi-sensory perspective and the transactional theory of stress through eye-tracking analytics.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-21T08:46:21Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221138788
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- Taking Aging Parents on Holiday: A Social Practice Perspective
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Authors: Liusu Yi, Yixuan Tong, Mao-Ying Wu, Xiaoxiao Fu
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Family travel with aging parents has emerged as a growing market in China. This study applies social practice theory to examine family travel practices and related sociocultural factors. Qualitative interviews with 23 families were conducted to identify parents’ and adult children’s subjective experiences of intergenerational differences and action logics throughout the trip. The findings reveal that, because of urban-rural distinctions, the two generations have differing travel habits, preferences, and capabilities, which foster interdependency but also induce tensions. Influenced by reciprocal filial piety, both generations feel obligated to make compromises and gratify the other’s needs to fulfill their desirable prospects of family travel. The urban-rural distinctions are gradually resolved as the ongoing negotiations unfold. This study advances existing research by integrating the zooming-in and zooming-out lenses of practice theory to highlight the interplay between family travel practices and wider social structures.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-20T01:30:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221142009
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- Imagination Versus Telepresence: Consumer Patronage Intention Toward
Peer-to-Peer Accommodations in Photo-Enhanced Imaginative Conditions and
Virtual Reality Contexts-
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Authors: Xiaojun Fan, Xinyu Jiang, Nianqi Deng
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The use of information and communication technology, such as virtual reality (VR) and photo-enhanced imaginative condition (PIC), in the online previews of peer-to-peer accommodations at the pre-reservation stage has become a common phenomenon. However, previous research has not systematically compared the impact of these two preview modes on accommodation reservations or the psychological mechanism and moderators of the impact. We combined duality theories and the technology-enabled engagement process model to establish that a VR/PIC preview enhances consumers’ appraisal and their intention to patronize P2P accommodations through cognitive and affective engagement. Furthermore, the VR/PIC preview’s effect on patronage intention was found to be influenced by the motivation for consumer reservation: consumers form a positive appraisal when the target accommodation type (comfortable vs. economical) matches the preview mode (PIC vs. VR). Finally, the message appeal emphasis (informational vs. emotional) of advertising was found to moderate the effect of the VR/PIC preview.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-20T01:10:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221141879
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- When and How Tourists Engage in Citizenship Behavior: The Interactive
Effect of Trait Gratitude and Positive Resident–Tourist Contact-
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Authors: Hongwei Tu, Zhihui Zhang, Ziming Jiang
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study investigates when and how trait gratitude stimulates tourist citizenship behavior (TCB). Building on trait activation theory, the present study proposes a mediated moderation model in which tourists’ trait gratitude and positive resident–tourist contact jointly influence TCB. In driving TCB, the interactive effect of trait gratitude and positive contact is mediated by perceived insider status. Data were collected from 497 Mount Wuyi tourists and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results reveal that trait gratitude positively influences TCB, and this relationship is moderated by positive contact. Furthermore, positive contact moderates the association between trait gratitude and perceived insider status. Additionally, perceived insider status, which is positively related to TCB, significantly mediates the moderating effects of positive contact on the link between tourists’ trait gratitude and TCB.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-20T01:07:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221140904
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- The Influence of Motive Attributions for Destination Social Responsibility
on Residents’ Empowerment and Quality of Life-
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Authors: Lujun Su, Xiaojie Yang, Scott R. Swanson
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This research provides new insights into the link between destination social responsibility (DSR) and resident quality of life (QOL). A conceptual model is tested based on attribution theory and empowerment theory that investigates the impact that different DSR motive attributions can have on resident QOL, and the potential mediating role of empowerment. DSR actions attributable to intrinsic (extrinsic) motives by destination residents were found to demonstrate greater (lesser) empowerment and QOL. Empowerment was found to have a significant positive impact on QOL and to mediate the DSR motive attribution and resident QOL relationship. Examination of these initial findings suggest that intrinsic, relative to extrinsic, DSR motive attributions enhance resident empowerment through tourism and QOL under high involvement conditions. This relationship was not found to hold in low involvement tourism conditions. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and managerial contributions, as well as study limitations and future research directions.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-19T09:55:41Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221138790
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- Why Have Package Tour Itineraries Been Homogeneous' Insight From
Industry Subgroup Relations-
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Authors: Mingjie Ji, Christine Y.H. Zeng, Brian King, Jonathan Reynolds
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
In addressing one of the least-researched areas in tourism—the formation of product strategies—this study focuses on the homogeneous package tour phenomenon. It draws on Industrial Organization theory to explore the impact of relationships between industry subgroups on the development of such products. With a specific focus on Chinese package tours to the UK, tour itineraries were firstly mapped to provide a visualization of relative homogeneity. Then, by examining the resource traits of participating firms, two subgroups in the industry were distinguished: tour operators (including wholesalers and retailers) and travel agencies (including Online Travel Agencies). It was found that the determination of product homogeneity involves a combination of the dependent relationship between tour operators; a more independent relationship between travel agencies; and the nature of the interdependence between the two. Strong bargaining power on the part of suppliers and weaker customer power further strengthened product homogeneity.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-19T09:54:42Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221141881
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- Examining Sojourners as Visual Influencers in VFR (Visiting Friends and
Relatives) Tourism: A Rhetorical Analysis of User-Generated Images-
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Authors: Marlini Bakri, Jayne Krisjanous, James E. Richard
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study decodes the functions and meanings conveyed through sojourner user-generated images (UGI) and furthers the application of the theory of visual rhetoric to tourism by examining the online visual communications of sojourners—an understudied yet critical group of consumers and producers of tourism. A two-step qualitative mixed-method approach, involving expert interviews and visual rhetorical analysis of 453 sojourner UGI was adopted. Key findings resulted in the conceptualization of a theoretical framework that explains the construction of sojourner UGI. The framework identifies contemporary online visual culture, and the different frames sojourners move between (tourist, resident, home, and away) as factors that shape, and differentiate sojourner UGI from those of tourists. Collectively, the findings provide an initial understanding of sojourners as key visual influencers/online organic agents that offer destinations, specifically conurbations, the reach, relevance, and resonance in targeting the unique VFR segment, a key post-crises tourism segment.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-19T09:53:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221138975
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- A Magic Leap in Tourism: Intended and Realized Experience of Head-Mounted
Augmented Reality in a Museum Context-
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Authors: Jonathan M. Bird, Philip A. Smart, David J. Harris, Laura A. Phillips, Gabriella Giannachi, Samuel J. Vine
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Augmented reality (AR) is an emergent technology in tourism. However, research concerning the AR user experience is relatively scarce and seldom addresses the intentions of designers. Accordingly, we sought to: (a) explore the design intentions underlying a multi-user, purpose-built AR experience; (b) assess the extent to which users’ realized experience aligned with the designers’ intended experience; and (c) examine the relationships between users’ internal states and their associated behavior, in alignment with a Stimulus-Organism-Response framework. In Study 1, designers (n = 5) took part in a focus group and completed a design intentions survey. In Study 2, users (n = 48) tested the AR experience, and a range of subjective (e.g., affective responses) and objective (i.e., visual attention) data were recorded. Findings indicated designer–user disparities primarily at the organism and response levels. Additionally, users’ affective responses to the AR experience were strongly associated with visitor engagement.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-12-06T09:33:14Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221134031
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- Effect of Time Pressure on Tourism: How to Make Non-impulsive Tourists
Spend More-
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Authors: Chunxiao Li, Yuting Wang, Hui Li
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
It is of commercial interest to stimulate non-impulsive consumers to spend more. Tourism provides a promising context to extend this research to the impulse buying of people who are non-impulsive in daily life. By utilizing two experiments and two post-trip surveys, this study reveals how the time pressure encountered in a tourism environment influences tourists’ impulse buying. The results show a special impact of time pressure in tourism settings, whereby time pressure significantly increases the impulse buying of the non-impulsive tourists; this effect is lacking for impulsive tourists. The rarity perception of current experience, activated implicitly rather than at a conscious level, leads non-impulsive consumers to engage in a rare behavior (i.e., impulse buying) through an unconscious link between perception and behavior. Conclusions reflect the particularity of tourism and provide guidance for practice after COVID-19.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-11-23T08:22:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221138054
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- Defining and Operationalizing Eight Forms of Eudaimonia and Hedonia and
Assessing Tourism-Specific Context-Dependency-
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Authors: Csilla Demeter, Sarah MacInnes, Sara Dolnicar
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The development of wellbeing during a vacation and immediately afterward is well understood. It remains unclear, however, how eudaimonia and hedonia differ across typical home and vacation contexts. Given that eudaimonia and hedonia drive behavior, understanding contextual differences can guide the development of targeted behavioral change interventions, including those that entice tourists to behave in more environmentally or socially sustainable ways. This study (1) introduces to tourism research a conceptual framework that unambiguously defines eight forms of eudaimonia and hedonia, (2) operationalizes them, and (3) investigates their context dependency empirically. State level hedonia and eudaimonia are substantially higher on vacation, suggesting they represent promising targets for behavioral change interventions. The definitions and operationalization of the eight forms of eudaimonia and hedonia offer a unifying framework that facilitates cumulative tourism knowledge development on the role of hedonia and eudaimonia in tourism by ensuring new insights relate to the exact same constructs.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-11-18T01:48:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221133042
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- Quantifying Authenticity: Progress and Challenges
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Authors: Qilou (Bill) Zhou, Zeya He, Xiang (Robert) Li
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The growth of quantitative studies on authenticity in the past two decades has reflected researchers’ ongoing attempts to establish a valid conceptual basis, research paradigms, and methodological approaches to measure authenticity in different tourism contexts. In the spirit of dialog, this study defends the conceptual and methodological underpinnings of quantifying authenticity. We build on the theoretical legacy of the authenticity concept and propose a framework to systematically quantify authenticity across tourism settings. In delineating the subjects and objects tied to authenticity, this framework integrates useful instruments, indicators, and scales to measure authenticity. The scope of authenticity quantification for empirical research is accordingly expanded.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-11-18T01:45:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221131560
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- Tourism as a Space of Possibilities: Reconciliation Tourism Enterprises in
a Conflict-Ridden Destination-
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Authors: Yaniv Belhassen
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study explores reconciliation tourism initiatives in Israel and the West Bank as a discursive arena in which ideas about reconciliation are constructed for tourism purposes by eight organizations that offer travel experiences that include reconciliation as a major theme. By critically analyzing the manner in which ideas about reconciliation are constructed for tourism purposes, the research provides insights reconciliation in destinations with active conflict. The presentation of fieldwork data centers on three themes: the recognition of multiple narratives, the inclusiveness of victimhood, and the commitment to transformative ontology. Each theme is supported by evidence and discussed in relation to its theoretical frameworks. Implications are drawn for practitioners tasked with marketing reconciliation tourism initiatives in conflict-ridden destinations.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-11-03T01:32:03Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221130497
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- Wildlife Equity Theory for Multispecies Tourism Justice
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Authors: Carol S. Kline, Hindertje (Hin) Hoarau-Heemstra, Christina T. Cavaliere
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The planet is facing social-environmental crises that include climate change, biodiversity loss, mass extinctions, and unsustainable consumption and production. These issues are rooted in hegemonic patriarchy and built on practices of continued inequity. Wildlife tourism could address some of these issues, but instead it is exacerbated by social-ecological challenges and various levels of hierarchical injustices. The SDGs were intended to facilitate solutions to these global problems. Yet, they do not address the fundamental underpinnings of the anthropocentric injustices exacerbating these systemic challenges, in part because they were generated via the hegemonic processes that allow for these injustices to continue. Using a transdisciplinary intersectional ecofeminist approach to analyze the SDGs, we propose a theory that adopts a posthuman ethic—Wildlife Equity as a foundation to guide principles and apply to policies that rigorously illuminate the continued injustices that are driving the decline of livelihoods for all sentient beings on Earth.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-11-03T01:29:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221129254
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- The Impact of Price Preciseness, Price Reduction, and Lay Rationalism on
Travelers’ Perceptions of Deal Attractiveness, Purchase Intention, and
Choice-
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Authors: Jungkeun Kim, Jihoon Jhang, Seongseop (Sam) Kim, Dimitrios Stylidis
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This research investigated the role of price preciseness (rounded vs. precise) in perceiving deal attractiveness, purchase intention, and choice in travel decision-making. Two competing hypotheses (price association vs. fluency) were proposed. Across five empirical studies, we found that the perceived attractiveness of a price promotion deal, along with purchase intention and relative preference, were higher when the original price was presented in a rounded (vs. precise) format (Studies 1A, 1B, and 3). This finding supports the price association-based explanation rather than the fluency-based explanation. In addition, the results were replicated in a consequential choice setting (Study 2). We further demonstrated that the effect of the price rounding is stronger for those with high (vs. low) lay rationalism, suggesting its moderating role (Study 4). The empirical findings of the current research have theoretical implications for various fields, including the behavioral pricing of travel and tourism, and practical implications for practitioners.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-11-02T11:50:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221129255
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- Airbnb Experiences: Travelers’ Purchase Behavior and Word-of-Mouth
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Authors: Sonal Purohit, Rakhi Arora, Robin Nunkoo, Sandhiya Goolaup, Manish Das
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This research examines travelers purchase behavior of “Airbnb experiences” by developing a model based on the stimulus organism response theory. Motivation, conceptualized as hedonic and utilitarian, is proposed to influence attitudes toward “Airbnb experiences.” The model is tested using data collected from two separate empirical studies on Indian domestic travelers. Empirical findings from both studies demonstrate a significant influence of perceived authenticity, perceived enjoyment, and service quality on travelers’ attitudes toward “Airbnb experiences.” The results from the two studies also converge with respect to the influence of attitudes on purchase intention and word-of-mouth. Both studies suggest a moderating effect of trend affinity on the relationship between attitudes and word-of-mouth. The research presents scholars with a theoretically robust model with the motivational attributes that positively impacts on travelers’ attitudes toward “Airbnb experiences” and the latter’s influence on purchase intention and word-of-mouth. We discuss the practical implications and limitations of the research.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-27T10:54:38Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221127679
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- Extending the Conceptualization of Destination Brand Experiences
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Authors: Cecilia Ngwira, Vincent Wing Sun Tung, Serene Wai Tsz Tse
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Tourism research has flourished over the last decade, providing novel insights and deepening the literature on destination branding and tourism experiences. Consequently, the initial conceptualization of destination brand experience (DBE) as a four-dimension concept may not fully capture the field’s expanded knowledge-base. The present study seeks to extend the conceptualization of DBE into six main dimensions (i.e., relational; spiritual, sensory, cognitive, affective, and behavioral) and provide empirical support for this extended conceptualization from a sample of tourists at Lake Malawi in Africa. The study contributes by providing support to the relevance of “relational” and “spiritual” dimensions as additional components of DBE. It offers insights to destination marketing organizations toward facilitating relational and spiritual dimensions that may be particularly relevant when tourists seek recovery and social experiences as travel and tourism re-emerges from the pandemic.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-26T10:13:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221127684
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- Mitigating Mortality Anxiety: Identifying Heritage Tourism’s Role in
Terror Management-
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Authors: Jiaying Lyu, Lili Wang, Wei Wei
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Although terror management theory has been widely studied, little research has empirically examined whether travel functions as a terror management mechanism. Thus, the present research investigated the influence of mortality anxiety on heritage tourism preference and heritage protection intention through two studies. Study 1 shows that as individuals’ general mortality anxiety increases, their tendency to search for meaning in life increases, which fosters their heritage travel preference and heritage protection intention. Study 2, using an experimental method, reveals a causal relationship where incidentally increasing mortality anxiety increases heritage travel preference and heritage protection intention. In addition, this causal relationship is prominent for people with higher legacy beliefs. These findings shed light on the critical roles of the search for meaning in life and legacy belief in the links between mortality anxiety and heritage-related behavior.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-18T09:06:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221126428
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- Interaction Rituals and Social Relationships in a Rural Tourism
Destination-
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Authors: Mao-Ying Wu, Yixuan Tong, Qiucheng Li, Geoffrey Wall, Xinfang Wu
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The reproduction of social relationships in a rural tourism destination is examined through a micro-sociological lens that explores residents’ everyday interactions. Interaction ritual theory is adopted as the theoretical foundation. Zhinan, a mountainous village in Hangzhou, China, which initiated tourism in 2014, is the study site. Two rounds of focus groups and interviews were conducted with village residents. Qualitative inquiry shows that, under the influence of tourism, residents’ daily interactions consist of three interaction rituals, that is, rural living rituals, tourism operation rituals, and event and festival rituals. Due to the distinct ingredients, these rituals unfold differentially and engage different social actors. They complement each other in the co-construction of rural social relationships that have symbolic, emotional, collective, and normative connotations. This study provides in-depth, contextualized understandings of rural residents’ interactions and relationships, and draws practical implications for sustainable development of rural tourism destinations.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-15T10:02:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221130495
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- Tourist–Host Identity Risk: Scale Development and Consequences
-
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Authors: Lawrence Hoc Nang Fong, Carol Xiaoyue Zhang, Ziyou Wang
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Risk perception has been an important construct in understanding tourists’ trip planning. Surprisingly, while tourists’ perceived tourist–host identity risk (THIR) plays an essential role in this process, its effects have been overlooked. Against this backdrop, this study develops a THIR scale and investigates how it shapes the intention of mainland Chinese tourists to revisit Hong Kong, and also investigates the spread of positive word-of-mouth (WoM) by conducting multiple online surveys with mainlanders. The results show that THIR is a uni-dimensional construct which is robustly measured by 12 items. It undermines revisit intention and the spread of positive WoM because of lower emotional solidarity followed by anticipation of unpleasant experience. This negative serial mediation is weaker for people who have a strong Chinese identity and perceive high THIR of an alternative destination (Macao). Meaningful implications are provided for destination marketers.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-15T09:59:33Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221127680
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- A Sequential Pattern Mining Approach to Tourist Movement: The Case of a
Mega Event-
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Authors: Mingming Cheng, Xin Jin, Ying Wang, Xiaowei Wang, Jinyan Chen
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The movement of tourists has important economic and social implications for destination management. However, tracking and analyzing such movement can be a challenge both conceptually and methodologically. Using four different sequential pattern mining algorithms, this study investigates the movement of international visitors during the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games (GC2018) at the level of a specific destination through Twitter data. Results indicate that sequential pattern mining is a powerful technique to reveal complex travel patterns and provides insights into the potential associated destinations of visitors beyond the current point-to-point analysis. This approach can assist destination management and event organizers in identifying the event’s contribution to tourists’ local visitation.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-15T09:57:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221126433
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- Measuring Tourist Festival Experience: Development and Validation of the
PHF-TX Model-
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Authors: Lizette Olivier, Jamie Carlson, Syed Mahmudur Rahman, Philip J. Rosenberger
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Despite the economic and academic importance of periodic hallmark festivals (PHFs) and customer experience, knowledge about the tourist experience (TX) in a PHF consumption context remains limited. In response, this research conceptualizes a novel “periodic hallmark festival tourist experience” (PHF-TX) construct and develops a measurement instrument. Findings from three empirical studies of PHF tourists confirmed six constituent perceived value dimensions of PHF-TX. Empirically, PHF-TX was positively associated with behavioral intentions and subjective wellbeing, with festival attachment playing a mediating role. Important theoretical and practical implications include heterogeneity with prior experience and an attenuated impact of PHF-TX in the proposed relationships, indicating that the relationship between PHF-TX and behavioral intention may differ between first-time and repeat PHF tourists. This finding suggests there may be a point on the perceived value spectrum where the benefits of PHF-TX increase at a decreasing rate. Consequently, PHF organizers are recommended to nurture festival attachment opportunities for first-time tourists.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-15T09:40:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221129251
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- Consumer Reaction to Decelerated Tourism: Pace, Inherent Virtue, and
Environmental Concern-
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Authors: Aikaterini Manthiou, Volker G. Kuppelwieser
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Timeflow has been identified as an important dimension of the real-time tourism experience. Based conceptually on the consumer acceleration/deceleration approach and the theory of virtue ethics, this research and its four subsequent studies use Bayesian methods to implicitly and explicitly to investigate the following: how consumers perceive pace and value, the connection between decelerated and conventional tourism with inherent virtue or vice, the positive feelings that decelerated tourism produces, and environmental concerns’ moderating role regarding predicting future tourism consumption behavior. The findings reveal that consumption pace is the core of the consumer experience. Decelerated tourism is perceived as virtuous and activate positive feelings. Strong (vs. weak) environmental concerns are considered a travel constraint and an indication of reduced revisit behavior. This research highlights consumption pace’s theoretical contribution and relevance, and offers marketing scholars and practitioners a tool that is useful for understanding consumers’ reactions to decelerated and fast experiential consumption.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-14T12:42:16Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221130293
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- Only Time Will Tell: Unraveling the Temporal Effect of Negative Affective
Encounters in Diaspora Tourism-
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Authors: Tingting Elle Li, Eric T. H. Chan
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Recently, researchers have begun to investigate the role of negative encounters, emotions and feelings in tourism and leisure activities. However, the temporal effects of negative encounters are still underexplored. This research consists of two studies that were conducted longitudinally. Study one investigated the overall visiting experience of 50 multi-generational Chinese diaspora tourists; study two interviewed 22 former participants who touched on negative experiences in their ancestral hometown eight years ago. Three scenarios of how these tourists re-interpreted negative affective encounters were identified. The findings suggest diaspora tourists’ perceptions of negative encounters transform over time, depending on their life trajectory, earlier experiences, attitudes, further exposures to Chinese culture and values, and the meanings they obtained from their negative encounters. This research is among the first to examine the temporal effects of negative experiences longitudinally, opening up for future considerations of the temporal contingencies of negative encounters in the tourism experience.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-14T12:38:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221127688
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- Identifying Tourist Spatial and Temporal Patterns Using GPS and Sequence
Alignment Method-
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Authors: Yunseon Choe, Choong-Ki Lee, Jinmu Choi, Minjun Kim, Kyu-won Sim
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study identified the spatial and temporal patterns of national park visitors by combining global positioning system (GPS) technologies and surveys using the sequence alignment method (SAM) based on the concept of space–time path of time geography. Data were collected from a sample of 344 GPS tracks and questionnaires obtained from Gyeryongsan National Park in South Korea. A complex random stratified sampling method was employed to represent a national sample based on mobile positioning data. The result of the SAM analysis revealed that the derived visitor typologies constituted three groups from 83 unique paths extracted from 341 sequences. Significant intergroup differences were found for the paths based on average travel distance, average visit duration, and average travel speed. The main theoretical contribution of this study is in expanding the application of the theory by providing methodological improvements using SAM and GPS analysis of the theoretical basis of time geography.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-09T06:44:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221127685
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- Babymoon Tourism: Co-Creating Well-Being for Traveling Mothers
-
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Authors: May-Kristin Vespestad
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This article aims to provide insight into how babymoon tourism can contribute to well-being by using a multimethod approach, combining autoethnography and netnography. The findings show that mothers-to-be experience well-being derived from co-creation and meaning. Participation in activities and everyday-like events at the destination can lead to happiness and improved quality of life. Self-development, empowerment, interpersonal interactions, and engagement with local culture all inspire well-being. In contrast, destinations’ representations of babymoon tourism focus on physical facilities, where culture and co-creation are absent in the realization of well-being. Viewing co-creation of well-being through a cultural interaction lens suggests an untapped potential for tourism businesses and could be a way forward for promoting babymoons. The study makes theoretical and practical contributions. Its original methodological approach, namely an autoethnographic narrative of babymoon tourism, could lower the threshold for conducting autoethnographic studies in current travel research, and encourage further studies of babymoon tourism.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-10-03T08:22:23Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221125669
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- Extension and Validation of A Novel Destination Brand Equity Model
-
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Authors: Yuksel Ekinci, Arnold Japutra, Sebastian Molinillo, Muzaffer Uysal
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study develops and tests a novel destination brand equity model and compares its validity with Aaker’s brand equity model, which is popular in tourism. The data were collected in Indonesia (n = 250) and the United Kingdom (n = 246). The results confirm validity and hierarchical structure of the destination brand equity model. The destination brand equity model has seven dimensions: brand awareness, physical quality, service interaction quality, brand self-congruence, brand identification, destination brand trust, and destination brand loyalty. The first five brand equity dimensions exert positive influences on destination brand trust and destination brand loyalty. The findings show that the psychometric properties of the destination brand equity model outperform Aaker’s model. The study discusses theoretical and practical implications of the destination brand equity model for destination marketing and management.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-09-30T06:33:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221125668
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- Corporate Social Responsibility and Investment Preferences of Tour
Operators-
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Authors: Lorenzo Masiero, Gianluca Goffi, Marco Cucculelli
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study examines the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the investment preferences of tour operators through a discrete choice experiment conducted among tour operator managers worldwide. Stakeholder theory is used as a theoretical platform for explaining the role of CSR within the tour operators’ investment preferences. The findings indicate that, when making investment decisions, tour operators generally tend to balance the interests of the local community, employees and businesses, and to consider the effects of their investments on the local economy and the environment. However, empirical evidence indicates that tour operator’s investment preferences are moderated by three factors, namely: local government pressure, size of the investment, and tour operator profile. In particular, greater attention should be paid to high-scale investments, and to investments made by generalist tour operators if destinations want to preserve their distinctive sociocultural and natural assets and provide well-being to local communities.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-09-20T06:30:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221120402
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- Attribution Theory Revisited: Probing the Link Among Locus of Causality
Theory, Destination Social Responsibility, Tourism Experience Types, and
Tourist Behavior-
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Authors: Mahmoud Ibraheam Saleh
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
From a parochial perspective, destination social responsibility (DSR) is crucial in maintaining tourists’ loyalty, trust, and satisfaction. From a broad sense, destination social responsibility could play an essential role as an attribution shifting mechanism inside tourists’ mindsets and differ according to tourism experiences’ nature. To investigate this broad sense, the present study is the first to use locus of causality theory (LOC) to address this issue. By employing a quantitative method, we found that with the presence of DSR, tourists who externally (vs. internally) attribute positive events’ outcomes and have no intention to spread positive word-of-mouth (WOM) changed their attribution toward events with positive WOM. Moreover, adventure, business, and sustainable tourists are likely to perceive DSR advantages compared with leisure and cultural tourists by considering their internal LOC (internal attribution) and external LOC (external attribution). Furthermore, the study provided critical theoretical and managerial implications for tourism managers/scholars.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-09-20T06:26:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221119968
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- Multi-Modal-based Emotional Contagion from Tourists to Hosts: The
Dual-Process Mechanism-
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Authors: Shiqin Zhang, Nan Chen, Cathy H.C. Hsu, Jin-Xing Hao
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Emotional reactions and transmissions are crucial to host-tourist interaction yet lacking in research, particularly from the host viewpoint. To deepen understanding of host-tourist interaction, this study took a host perspective to examine emotional contagion from tourists to hosts. By adopting video-vignette based interaction scenarios and cutting-edge techniques (e.g., FaceReader), a real-time multi-modal investigation was undertaken to reveal mechanism underlying emotional contagion of Hong Kong residents from Mainland Chinese tourists. Results theoretically consolidated the dual-process mechanism underpinning automatic emotional contagion and empirically verified an Emotional Contagion Model (ECM) from tourists to hosts. The compelling effects of mimicry, interaction context and stereotypes explained the emotional convergence and divergence between hosts and tourists. The study extended the knowledge boundary of host-tourist interaction to micro-level interpersonal emotional connection. Moreover, the verified ECM theoretically advances emotional contagion mechanism in the social psychology literature. Practical guidelines for host-tourist relation management and sustainable destination development were provided.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-09-09T07:06:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221119975
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- International Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: Cross-Country Evidence
Using Panel Quantile Fixed Effects Approach-
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Authors: Konstantinos Lagos, Yuan Wang
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This paper evaluates the impact of tourism on poverty alleviation using a new panel quantile fixed effects method that allows regressors to affect the entire conditional distribution of the dependent variable providing substantial information gains. Our results show statistically significant negative marginal effects of tourism on both absolute poverty measures and Gini income inequality across all quantiles, including the poorest 10%. We also find evidence that international tourism can mitigate the slow improvement in domestic income level for poverty reduction. From a policy perspective, our findings can provide insights into developing targeted tourism policies and strategies to achieve better solutions on poverty alleviation. We also call for special attention to policymakers in developing countries to continue working on tourism product differentiation and targeting a smaller but reachable market in the post COVID-19 recovery era, to prevent the adverse effect of the worldwide income growth stagnation on their poverty rates.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-09-02T09:12:31Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221119978
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- How Can Residents’ Air Transport Subsidies Affect Outbound Tourism
behavior on Islands' Evidence from Spain-
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Authors: Juan Luis Jiménez, Ubay Pérez-Granja, Jorge Valido
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Subsidizing residents on airlines is a common policy in a number of countries. However, the question arises as to how changes in this policy affect the travel behavior of residents in specific regions' To address this, we analyze the effect of an “exogenous shock” (i.e., an increase in the resident subsidy) on two Spanish archipelagos when they travel away from the islands. Our Difference-in-Difference and matching estimations find that the causal impact of the policy change is different for resident passengers across the two regions affected. Although the length of stay was reduced for resident passengers in both archipelagos by 10%–15% after the shock, their expenditure at destination per day increased by 13% on the Balearic Islands, while showing no significant change on the Canary Islands.J.E.L. Codes: L83; H25; L93
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-08-18T05:51:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221119127
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- Erratum to Measuring Experience Economy Concepts: Tourism Applications
-
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Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-02-21T08:56:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221081957
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- Tourism and Emerging Infectious Diseases: More Connections Than First Meet
the Eye-
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Authors: David Fechner, Simon Reid, Sara Dolnicar
First page: 935
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Disease outbreaks can severely disrupt the global tourism sector. New approaches for preventing infectious diseases from emerging and spreading are urgently needed to secure the prosperity of the tourism industry. This conceptual article proposes a comprehensive framework of interrelationships between tourism and emerging infectious disease. The conceptual framework highlights the pathways in which the tourism industry itself can potentially contribute to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including tourism-induced land changes, sourcing meat from intensive animal farms, global movement and close proximity of people, and high-risk sexual activities. Based on the interrelationships, the framework proposes tangible managerial action recommendations for tourism businesses and policy makers to contribute to the prevention of future disease outbreaks. This paper concludes with a research agenda on how scholars can support tourism practitioners and governments in reducing the likelihood of future epidemics and pandemics.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-11-23T06:27:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221127718
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- Rational and Moral Antecedents of Tourists’ Intention to Use Reusable
Alternatives to Single-Use Plastics-
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Authors: Issahaku Adam
First page: 949
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Though rational and moral antecedents to tourists’ pro-environmental behavioral intentions have been separately established, the literature remains inconclusive on whether tourists’ pro-environmental intentions are underpinned by rational or moral considerations. Based on the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model, this study examines the competing rational and moral antecedents of intention to use reusable alternatives to single-use plastics using data obtained from 653 tourists and analyzed with the structural equation modeling. The results indicate that though morality better explained the intention to use reusable alternatives to single-use plastics amongst all tourists, rationality underpinned the intention amongst domestic tourists while morality better explained the intentions of international tourists. The implications of these findings regarding future theorization of tourists’ pro-environmental behavior and measures to reduce single-use plastic marine pollution in coastal destinations are discussed.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-06-30T05:30:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221105860
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- When the Future is Now: An Experimental Study on the Role of Future
Thinking and Affective Forecasting in Accommodation Decision-Making-
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Authors: Marion Karl, Florian Kock, Alexander Bauer, Brent W. Ritchie, A. George Assaf
First page: 969
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
When people make travel decisions, they consult their imagination, considering how they would feel in the respective travel situation. Both, researchers who examine this phenomenon and practitioners executing it, commonly hold the vague assumption of an evaluative cognitive process that enables tourists to factor such information into their decision-making process. The nature and functioning of such a process is largely unknown. The authors suggest that travelers, often subconsciously, mentally simulate future hotel stays and predict future feelings to inform their decision-making, a process referred to as affective forecasting. Executing an experimental design, the authors show that actively engaging in episodic future thinking to trigger affective forecasting increases travelers’ intentions toward holiday accommodations. This effect is mediated by hotel trust and risk perception, demonstrating that affective forecasting is an effective way for regaining tourists’ trust and reducing their perceived risk during a pandemic. Contributions to theory and practical implications are discussed.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-13T10:34:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221109825
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- High Expectations: How Tourists Cope With Disappointing Vacation
Experiences-
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Authors: Muhammad Ismail Hossain, Harmen Oppewal, Dewi Tojib
First page: 989
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study investigates how expectations, locus attribution and disappointment determine coping behaviors when tourists encounter a negative vacation experience. Drawing upon cognitive appraisal theory, it is first hypothesized that individuals with high expectations are more likely to engage in coping behaviors than individuals with low expectations. Disappointment mediates this relationship. Next it is hypothesized that locus attribution of the negative experience moderates these effects. Results from two scenario-based experiments support the hypotheses. Specifically, attribution has a greater effect on disappointment when the provider is the locus instead of the situation. This is particularly so when expectations are low. Greater amounts of confrontative than support-seeking coping result when expectations are high and the provider is the locus. Instead, there is no difference in coping when expectations are low. These findings suggest that tourist services can influence disappointment and related coping behaviors by managing not only tourists’ expectations but also tourists’ attributions.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-07T09:29:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221109828
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- How Does Globalization Influence the Impact of Tourism on Carbon Emissions
and Ecological Footprint' Evidence from African Countries-
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Authors: Kizito Uyi Ehigiamusoe, Muhammad Shahbaz, Xuan Vinh Vo
First page: 1010
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Tourism and globalization are considered as drivers of economic growth since they boost income, job opportunities, infrastructural development, international trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, and technological diffusion. However, the economic benefits of tourism and globalization could occur at the expense of increased energy consumption (from fossil fuels) and other pollution-intensive activities that worsen environmental degradation, especially in countries with lax institutions and environmental standards. The roles of tourism, globalization, and their interaction term on environmental degradation have not been thoroughly investigated. Hence, this study analyzes the moderating role of globalization on the impact of tourism on environmental degradation (carbon emissions and ecological footprint) in 31 African countries using different dimensions of tourism and globalization. It uncovers the marginal effect of tourism on environmental degradation at different levels of globalization. It utilizes strategies that account for cointegration, dynamism, endogeneity, heterogeneity, cross sectional dependency, and causality. Evidence from this study shows that globalization and its dimensions play favorable moderating roles on the impact of tourism on carbon emissions. The marginal effect of tourism on carbon emissions decreases as globalization increases, suggesting that a simultaneous increase in tourism and globalization can mitigate carbon emissions. However, no evidence to show that globalization can mitigate the environmental impact of tourism on ecological footprint. The findings differ probably because carbon emissions and ecological footprint measure different aspects of environmental degradation. This analysis emphasizes the need for countries to consider the interaction between tourism and globalization in their quest to ensure environmental sustainability.JEL Classification: F64, Q53, Z32
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-28T06:06:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221113886
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- Tour Leader–Member Exchange (TLMX): Scale Development and Validation
-
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Authors: Sheng-Hshiung Tsaur, Tien-Ming Cheng, Ci-Yao Hong
First page: 1033
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Exchanges between tour leaders and tour members can affect the smooth operation of a group tour, yet measures of this relationship have not been addressed by previous studies. The main purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid scale of the TLMX relationship from the perspectives of both tour leaders and tour members. The initial items of the scale were obtained from in-depth interviews based on the critical incident technique and with rigorous content analysis. First, an Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed by investigating 221 tour leaders, and six factors were identified: harmony, trust, concerted effort, respect, information sharing, and tolerance. Second, the validity of the derived TLMX scale was then tested by confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 432 tour members. The scale serves as a useful tool for tour members to measure the extent of TLMX and provide management implications for travel agencies.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-28T06:03:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221109826
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- Engendering Pro-Sustainable Performance Through a Multi-Layered Gender
Diversity Criterion: Evidence From the Hospitality and Tourism Sector-
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Authors: Ali Meftah Gerged, Mi Tran, Eshani S. Beddewela
First page: 1047
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
This study seeks to examine the influence of multi-layered gender diversity mechanisms on firms’ decision to engage in pro-sustainable performance in the context of Hospitality and Tourism (H&T) firms worldwide. Using Powell’s Panel Quantile Regression (PQR) model, this paper finds that females on boards and sub-boards tend to display a more communal, participative, and democratic leadership style, demonstrating greater responsibilities toward stakeholders’ concerns and engaging with sustainability strategies to make a positive contribution to society. Our findings also reaffirm that women on the boards of H&T firms are more community-oriented and philanthropically driven than women in senior management positions who can be perceived as being profit-oriented rather than stakeholder-oriented as managers. Our results offer implications for policymakers and practitioners, and we suggest several avenues for future studies that could build upon our research.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-15T08:45:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221111754
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- There is No Place Like Home for the Holidays: Who Travels in the Midst of
a Deadly Pandemic'-
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Authors: Stephen W. Litvin, Daniel Guttentag
First page: 1077
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The 2020 year-end holidays were a time of much apprehension regarding COVID-19, with U.S. health officials concerned that travel would result in a post-holiday surge of the disease. As such, much effort was expended encouraging people to forego their normal travel. Many Americans, however, ignored this advice and a strong uptick of travel within the U.S. was soon followed by an alarming increase in COVID cases. A U.S. online survey was conducted to better understand those individuals who made the risky decision to travel despite being encouraged by their government not to do so. Those who traveled for the holidays were compared with those who stayed home, based on their attitudes toward COVID, various psychographic characteristics associated with risk, political attitudes, and demographics. The between-group differences, shared herein, were startlingly clear. The findings are of theoretical value and will prove useful when setting policy and messaging during future crises.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-28T09:44:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221113888
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- Airlines: Standardize Your International Advertising!
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Authors: Jean-Marc Décaudin, Denis Lacoste
First page: 1090
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
The aim of this article is to determine whether it is appropriate to standardize airline communication at the international level. Most previous research on international services advertising has carried out content analyses only, without measuring effectiveness. The contribution of this article lies in measuring the effectiveness of advertising strategies in an international service sector. The reaction of consumers to specific advertisements in France and the United Kingdom (UK) was measured. A sample of 200 consumers from these two countries were exposed to various airline advertising campaigns representing the five main advertising strategies presented in the literature. The effectiveness of each advertising strategy was measured. The results show that there are no major differences in the effectiveness of the different advertising strategies in France and the UK. These findings seem to indicate that when airlines are present in the two countries, they should standardize their advertising communication.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-29T12:32:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221115176
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- Which Public Attraction Gets (and Gets More) Government Funding' The
Effects of Internal and External Factors-
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Authors: Junya Liu, Suiwen (Sharon) Zou, Jamie M. Chen
First page: 1105
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Public attractions’ financial viability heavily depends upon sufficient government funding. However, research on government allocations has historically been rare. Drawn on the public administration and finance literature, this study addresses this gap by using a panel dataset of 262 public attractions in China from 2015 to 2018. Double-hurdle models, Heckman two-stage approach, multiple-hurdle approach, and quantile regressions are employed to examine the relationship between government funding, attraction characteristics, and local economic conditions. The findings suggest that attraction characteristics are associated with the amount of government appropriations, but they are less impactful on the attractions’ likelihood of receiving funding. The effects of attraction characteristics on government funding are asymmetric—as attractions’ government funding level increases, attraction type and quality exert stronger impacts while other characteristics influence less. The local economic condition is a significant factor in the amount of government funding. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-26T10:04:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221113885
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- Does Economic Globalization Shape the International Tourism Structure'
A Cross-National Panel Data Estimation-
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Authors: Yuhong Shao, Tingting Huo, Yang Yang, Zhiyong Li
First page: 1121
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Economic globalization, the primary mechanism of globalization, has driven the flourishing of international tourism. However, little research has empirically revealed how it affects international tourism from a structural perspective. Based on network theory, this study applies network analysis and fixed-effects panel data estimation techniques to examine the impact of economic globalization on the structure of international tourism and the moderating role of uncertainty avoidance as an inertia factor in this relationship. The statistics are derived from panel data for 47 countries from 1995 to 2018. The empirical results indicate that there is a positive relationship between economic globalization and countries’ network prominence in both outbound and inbound tourism, and the effects vary under different degrees of uncertainty avoidance. This study offers insights and practical implications for policymakers, tourism marketers, and transnational tourism corporations to formulate tourism recovery strategies against the de-globalization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-08-29T12:47:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221119128
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- Delineating the Effects of Social Media Marketing Activities on Generation
Z Travel Behaviors-
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Authors: Juan Liu, Chaohui Wang, Tingting (Christina) Zhang, Haohao Qiao
First page: 1140
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Generation Z (Gen Z) has emerged as the largest and most challenging consumer group for destination marketers. This study investigates the varying effects of social media marketing activities (SMMAs) on Gen Z travel behaviors. A comparative analysis approach between Gen Z and other generations was used to assess the attributes of SMMAs and their role in tourism destination visits. Gen Z tourists were more susceptible to the four traits of SMMAs (entertainment, trendiness, interaction, and word-of-mouth) when choosing destinations and were more likely to pay a premium for visiting than their generational counterparts. Gen Z females were more likely to be influenced by SMMA customization and word-of-mouth features, while Gen Z males were more sensitive to the entertainment features of SMMAs. These findings deepens marketers’ understanding of Gen Z travelers’ preferences and behaviors so that they provide constructive directions for marketers to implement effective SMMAs strategies.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-07-04T09:12:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221106394
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- Originality in Research Publication: Measure, Concept, or Skill'
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Authors: Ralf Buckley
First page: 1159
Abstract: Journal of Travel Research, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Travel Research
PubDate: 2022-05-11T12:44:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/00472875221095214
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