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FUTY Journal of the Environment
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ISSN (Print) 1597-8826
Published by African Journals Online

[261 journals]

Landuse Landcover Analysis and Prediction using Marcov Chain in Parts of
Rivers State, Nigeria
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  Authors: O.A. Fapohunda, L. Hart, T.A. Opuaji
  Pages: 1 - 14
  Abstract: Landuse / Landcover changes and its effects on our environment has been a phenomenon of great concern. This study focuses on the need to identify and monitor the Landuse changes within the study area with a view to detect the land consumption rate and the changes that have taken place within a temporal scale of 1989 - 2019. ArcMap 10.1 and Erdas Imagine were deployed for change detection analysis. The prediction of Landuse changes was carried out using Markov Chain analysis. Seven Landuse / Landcover classes were developed. Supervised and post-classification algorithms were employed. Landcover maps were generated and change detection analyses were performed using ArcMap 10.1 and Erdas Imagine software. The statistic evaluation of Landuse Landcover change reveal that built-up areas between 1989 and 1999 increased by 27.44%, the increase was 29.41% between 1999 and 2009 then the increase observed between 2009 and 2019 is 179.4%. The evaluations from the first and last dates reveal that built-up areas, thick forest, bare land and water bodies increased by 360.8%, 127%, 128% and 123.9% respectively while farmland, light forest and swamp decreased by 93%, 33.3% and 20.5% respectively. The overall classification accuracies for 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019 are 87.00%, 90.00%, 94.53% and 94.14% respectively. The transition probability grid from Markov Chain Analysis reveals that Farm Land and bare Land would be the highest contributors in the Landuse classes to the future increase that would be experienced in the built-up areas in 2029 and 2039.Classified maps from the spatio-temporal Landuse/Landcover changes in the study area would be used as a tool for Land administration, urban planning and environmental management.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
Socio-economic Impact of Street Trade in Jimeta- Yola Adamawa State,
Nigeria
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  Authors: A. Liman
  Pages: 15 - 25
  Abstract: This paper provides an overview of socio-economic impact of street trade in Jimeta-Yola. Research problem shows the indiscriminate street hawking in Jimeta-Yola leading to encroachment on right of way and traffic congestion. This occurs as vehicles and pedestrians cannot pass easily due to perpetual display of goods along road sides. The survey conducted among some 140 respondents randomly selected from 10% of the street vendors with the aid of stratified random sampling techniques. The vendors that squat along the major streets and open spaces around major markets and public places were selected as respondents. Data were obtained from the relevant respondents and establishments and the target population is 1,400 vendors. Ten percent of the target population is used as the sample size. Results show that inability of government to provide adequate utilities and spaces for street traders lead to road and drainage blockages. This study therefore recommends for a law regulating the distribution of street markets in Jimeta-Yola and provide sanctions to regulate the use of public spaces and roads to curb the nuisance.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
The production and Finishing of the Prototypes of the International
traditional narrow strip Fabrics as the basis of Motorizing the Modified
floor loom
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  Authors: M.Y. Waziri, J.I. Titikus
  Pages: 26 - 37
  Abstract: The aim of this study is to the production and finishing of the prototypes of the international traditional ‘Tukurdi’ fabrics as the basis of motorizing the modified steel frame floor loom. Nine different samples were woven before getting the exact prototypes of the traditional narrow strip fabrics. Out of the nine samples the last two were selected and dyed through the traditional indigo dyeing methods and the finishing was done using the special traditional calendering techniques. The main objectives of this study were successful, because the mechanised modified loom constructed can weave the prototypes and the traditional process of finishing of the fabrics were successful. The two finished prototype fabrics were a breakthrough in production of the modified loom. . Extra effort need to done on the production process of the modified steel loom in order the get the exact appearance of the traditional veil after the finishing process. Inter disciplinary research of the Industrial Textiles Designers, Mechanical and Electrical Engineers must came together for a proper motorization of the modified steel frame loom for fabric production.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
An Assessment of Spatio Temporal Variation of Rainfall and Temperature
Using Different Weather Station Types in Zaria, Kaduna State
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  Authors: M. Suleiman, E.L. Udeh, S.S. Dahiru
  Pages: 38 - 48
  Abstract: The concept of climate has gained much relevance because of its dynamic and complex nature and the significant influence it has on various aspects of the environment, including the threat of global climate change. Rainfall and temperature data for a period of 10 years (2006-2015) in three stations (A, B and C); Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT) and Federal College of Education (FCE), were statistically analysed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to test for variation of monthly and annual rainfall-temperature distribution. In addition, the mean annual temperature shows that Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) has the highest mean annual temperature in 2011, Federal College of Education (FCE) has its highest in 2013 and Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT) has its highest in 2012. For the rainfall variability, the mean monthly rainfall increases in an ascending manner from the month of March that has the lowest to August that has the highest peak. The study also reveal the mean annual rainfall for year 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012 receives the maximum rainfall at the three stations while year 2011 receives the lowest rainfall at all stations. However, it is recommended that Standardized synoptic stations to give uniformed and accurate data in monitoring weather and climatic conditions should be put in place. Further studies should be carried out for continuous monitoring of the trend of rainfall and temperature to provide up to date information. Lastly, Government and private individuals should take the issue of climate change seriously so as to combat the negative effect it has on activities dependent on climate.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
Influence of Project Setting on the Constructability Practices of
Indigenous Road Construction Firms in Nigeria
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  Authors: C.P. Ogbu, V.B. Ebiminor
  Pages: 49 - 64
  Abstract: Previous studies on the constructability of construction projects hardly explain the influence of project complexity and setting on constructability practices. This study analysed the constructability practices of indigenous road construction firms (IRCFs) in Nigeria and ascertained the differences in the practices for different complexities of road work and project settings. Quantity surveyors and highway engineers were surveyed, and the data analysed using Kruskal Wallis H test, multiple comparisons and mean scores. It was found that environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) is least carried out in roads of <1Km. Also, cost optimization and adequate allowance for temporary/protective works are practised more in federal government projects than in private sector projects. Constructability practices hardly lead to better stakeholder management and absence of construction disputes. Future studies on constructability should take into cognizance the effects of project complexity and setting since these could determine the extent of constructability practice, and the outcome of the practice. Constructability practices by IRCFs should cover dispute and stakeholder management strategies. This study explicates the differences in the adoption of constructability practices for road projects of different complexities and organisational settings. It also demonstrates the relationship between constructability practices and project performance.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
Floristic Structure of Some Selected Plots in Olokemeji Forest Reserve,
Ogun State, Nigeria
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  Authors: S.O. Olubode, D.M. Taiwo, A.I. Woghiren
  Pages: 65 - 72
  Abstract: Deforestation disrupts forest structure and function with negative impacts on biodiversity and natural regeneration of the forests. In Nigeria, forests are lost through burning, shifting cultivation and logging of trees. These describe the state of degradation in Olokemeji forest reserve. Hence, a need to evaluate the species composition and floristic structure of the woody species in selected plots of the forest reserve. The forest reserve, situated in the lowland rain forest of south-western Nigeria occupies a total land area of 58.88 km2. Six sample plots of 50 m2 each were randomly selected and designated as Frequently Burnt Plot 1, Frequently burnt Plot 2, Harvested Plot, Unharvested unburnt Plot, Arable Plot 1 and Arable Plot 2. One hundred and eighty two stands were enumerated, with Unharvested unburnt plot having the highest number of trees at 50. The highest percentage cover was recorded at frequently burnt plot 1, Frequently burnt plot 2 and Unharvested unburnt plot which ranged from 21-50%. Trees in Unharvested Unburnt Plot had the highest mean diameters at breast height (78.46cm) and mean heights (14.44 m), while the Arable Plots had lowest mean diameters at breast height and mean heights. There is a high level of anthropogenic interference at the forest reserve, and the structure and composition of the tree species enumerated in the study plots reflected some of the nature of impact. Indiscriminate logging of trees as fuelwood should be greatly curtailed and improvised by the neighbouring communities.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
The Impact of Climate Parameters on Leachate Quality and its Effects on
Water Quality of River Benue at Yola, Nigeria
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  Authors: B.R. Burmamu, A.B. Umaru
  Pages: 73 - 82
  Abstract: This study analyses meteorological data and leachate parameters impact on water quality in River Benue of Yola. Climate parameters were collected from Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority (UBRBDA), Yola from 2004-2014; while leachate and water samples were collected from the beneath of decayed waste dumpsites and from three other locations along River Benue (upstream, middle stream, downstream) respectively. Pollutants in form of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, As, Mn, Mg) and other conventional pollutant parameters (DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, TS, pH, NO-3, Turb.) were determined in the laboratory using: Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), BOD, COD reactors, pH meter, Turbidity meter, Nitrate testing equipment and some reagents. Available results showed that the mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures of the area were 22.56 ºC and 34.34 ºC. Total annual rainfall during the study year was 1015.3 mm. There was decrease in the concentration of Pb and BOD from 4.3 mg/l to 0.4716 mg/l and from 14.2 mg/l to 8.0082 mg/l as they were transported downstream due to reaction with micro-organisms and sediments. This implies that there was dilution of the wastes in the river and the presence of increased values of temperature, moisture content, relative humidity, solar intensity and rainfall amount all influenced the leachates production at dumpsites. This impacts on the quality of water in the Benue river as most of the concentration levels of pollutants obtained were higher than the standard threshold requirements.With urbanization and population wastes management policies should be formulated to minimize pollution and safeguard public health.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
An Appraisal of Nigeria’s Rural Development Programmes and Policies:
Lessons Learnt and the way forward
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  Authors: A.O. Ahmed, O.V. Gbadebo, F. Iselobhor, A.M. Tokede
  Pages: 83 - 92
  Abstract: In Nigeria, development programmes and policies have been formulated over the years with a view to achieving greater social equity and maintaining socio-economic balance particularly among rural households. However, there are enormous gaps, between policy formulation, implementation and reality in the level of development among the rural populace. It is within this context that this paper appraised the various policies and programmes targeted towards rural development which were put in place by various administrations in Nigeria. These programmes includes several ADPs, OFN, the Green revolution programme, Better life for African rural women, the various programmes implemented by the RBDAs as well as those carried out under the DFRRI. The paper went further to establish the various factors responsible for the failure of these programmes such as Exclusion of relevant professionals in policy formulation, planning and implementation, Conflicting programs and projects, Policy somersault and inconsistency, Corruption and embezzlement, Misplaced priority, Inadequate manpower and technical know-how. Based on the identified lapses in the implementation procedures, the study recommends that well balanced interactions should be established between the government and the various stakeholders in the rural sector not only when policies and programmes are formulated but also when they are being implemented and evaluated so that the much desired developmental activities can manifest. Concerted efforts should also be made to ensure that any policy or programme initiated is accomplished to the letter.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
Assessment of Observations with GPS and GPS/GLONASS Satellites in rapid
static mode for Precise Point Positioning
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  Authors: T. Abubakar , N.T. Hermann
  Pages: 93 - 103
  Abstract: The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has become a common way of determining planimetric and vertical coordinates used in geodesy, engineering surveying, and related disciplines. The GNSS observation can be achieved using the static baseline, real Time kinematics (RTK) or the continuously operating reference system (CORS). The three are good methods of positioning that gives good and accurate coordinates. The static mode of observation considered by some researchers as the best in determining position of points at a good accuracy is used in this research in addition to its convenience. The satellites are tracked as standalone Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite and as GPS and Global Navgation Satellite System (GLONASS) combined. A ground surveying method using total station is also employed to run traverse and leveling on the same points for the purpose of comparison of the results. The GNSS observations were accomplished using Hi target V30 while traversing and leveling were carried out using a South NTS 352 total station instrument. The observations were done on the same points with the two instruments which give three sets of data comprising of planimetric and vertical coordinates. Discrepancies among the data set were obtained and subjected to statistical test. The result shows some discrepancies among the data sets, the statistical test indicated a significant difference among the methods and data of the three methods on the planimetric coordinates. However in the vertical coordinates, the methods show no significant difference but the vertical coordinate showed a significant difference among the three data sets.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
Effect of Double Skin Facade Air Cavity and Orientation on Energy
Efficiency in Hot-Dry Clime Buildings
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  Authors: M.Y. Aliyu, F. Abdulhamid
  Pages: 104 - 111
  Abstract: Institutional buildings are very important facilities that contribute to the development of every nation. Previous studies indicated that energy efficiency is the key challenge in hot dry climate buildings. This is due to the nature of building form, orientation and the risk of exposing building envelope to solar radiation, which attracts consumption of energy in tropical climate. This study aims at employing double skin facade to reduce the level of energy consumption for cooling in hot-dry climate buildings. The study examined energy performance of double skin facade with respect to effect of different horizontal distances in air cavity and orientation. Experimental study was conducted through Ecotect simulation software to study energy performance of double skin facade in hot dry clime using weather data of the same climate region. The study established that 900mm double skin facade air cavity depth reduced cooling energy by 31% in hot-dry climate and designing double skin facade on south orientation in hot-dry climate reduced cooling energy consumption by 4%.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)
The Modification of the Traditional Horizontal Loom from Wooden to Steel
Frame for the Production of the Narrow Band Fabric
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  Authors: M.Y. Waziri
  Pages: 112 - 120
  Abstract: The aim of this study is to construct a steel frame modified loom from the modified traditional men’s horizontal loom already produced in wooden frame to serve as a model for mass production to sustain Nigerian traditional weaving industry and form the basis for experimental research in small scale textile machinery production. Very few people who buy hand-woven products have the background to understand the time and effort traditional weavers put behind the production of their materials. The modified loom already constructed with wood was reproduced with steel metal. The result is a standard four harness loom that can weave visually any hand woven fabric. Weaving yarns of different spinning methods were used for the warps in order to achieve aesthetic and design qualities of the traditional fabrics. The fabrics tested on the metallic frame loom were in the form of joined strips multiplying the works of many traditional weavers on one loom. The metallic frame loom constructed can weave the equivalent of the works of up to 42 traditional weavers at the same time. The modified traditional men’s horizontal loom should not only be motorised, but should be computerized and be a foundation for a small scale textile machinery production.
  PubDate: 2021-09-22
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021)