JournalTOCs

Work, Employment & Society
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.615

Citation Impact (citeScore): 2
Number of Followers: 54

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0950-0170 - ISSN (Online) 1469-8722
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

Caring in the Gig Economy: A Relational Perspective of Decent Work
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  Authors: Maria Hameed Khan, Jannine Williams, Penny Williams, Robyn Mayes
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  The rapidly expanding gig economy has been criticized for creating precarious and indecent working conditions. These critiques draw on decent work debates centred on employment classification, regulation and platform fairness, with less focus on the interactions between workers, platforms and clients, which are central to the experience of platform-mediated work. This article adopts a worker-centric relational perspective to explore decent work in the gig economy. Drawing on the experiences of workers in platform-mediated domestic care work, the insights from this study highlight the importance of social interactions and relationships, using an ethics of care lens, to elucidate how relational aspects shape workers’ experiences. The findings reveal platform workers centre mutuality of interests, responsiveness and reciprocity, attentiveness and solidarity to maintain a balance of care (care-for-self and care-for-others) when negotiating platform-mediated care work. This article contributes relationality as a key dimension of decent work currently overlooked in studies exploring gig work arrangements.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-05-25T10:20:20Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231173586
Worker-Led Dissent in the Age of Austerity: Comparing the Conditions of
Success
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  Authors: David J Bailey
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  The decline of the power of organised labour, which is a central feature of neoliberalism, was compounded during the ‘age of austerity’. Yet, the potentially disruptive agency of workers remains. This article presents a qualitative process-tracing exercise for over 150 prominent episodes of worker-led dissent in the period 2010–2019 in the UK, the results of which are also made available in a website accompanying the article: ‘Contesting the UK’s neoliberal model of capitalism: worker-led dissent (2010–2019). The article identifies seven configurations of causal conditions that proved sufficient for workers to successfully pursue their stated aims during this period. While ‘standard’ national disputes led by mainstream trade unions were on the whole not sufficient to achieve success during this period, nevertheless a number of alternative combinations of conditions did prove to be sufficient, especially locally-focused campaigns, those undertaken by grassroots ‘indie’ unions and those in the transport sector.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-05-18T05:51:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231169675
Book Review Symposium
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  Authors: Elena Shulzhenko
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-04-24T06:04:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231167088
Book Review Symposium
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  Authors: Alex J Wood
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-04-24T05:59:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231167083
Book Review Essay
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  Authors: Chris Warhurst
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-04-24T05:58:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231166259
Book Review: Virginia Doellgast, Exit, Voice, and Solidarity: Contesting
Precarity in the US and European Telecommunications Industries
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  Authors: Stephen J Frenkel
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-04-18T09:08:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231166262
‘Basically He’s a Pet, Not a Working Dog’: Theorising What Therapy
Dogs Do in the Workplace
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  Authors: Nickie Charles, Carol Wolkowitz
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article takes the case of therapy dogs who visit hospitals, care homes, schools and universities in Britain and asks whether we should conceptualise what they are doing as work. Marx defined the capacity to work as what sets humankind apart from other animals, but more recent analysts see similarities between animals and humans in their capacity to work. Animal work is often defined through training and the acquisition of skills; for therapy dogs, however, training is not required, and their skills go unrecognised. Drawing on a study of therapy dog visits to a British university and using a methodology that attends to the experiences of the dogs as well as the human actors, we argue that therapy dogs engage in emotional work and body work and that the concepts of ‘encounter value’ and ‘feeling power’ need to be deployed to theorise the work they are doing.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-04-18T09:00:59Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231161495
Avoiding, Resisting and Enduring: A New Typology of Worker Responses to
Workplace Violence
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  Authors: Ellen T Meiser, Eli R Wilson
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Drawing on research on chefs and aspiring chefs in commercial kitchens, this article typologises workers’ strategic responses to violence and illustrates how these responses are shaped by occupational status and work experience, as well as industry structures. While previous scholarship indicates that workers actively avoid or resist violence in the workplace, this literature largely neglects ways in which workers endure violence in strategic ways. Based on ethnographic data and in-depth interviews, this article explores three key responses to violence – avoidance, resistance and endurance – and argues that while these reactions may complement workers’ occupational self-interest, they ultimately serve to reinforce, normalise and even exacerbate violence within commercial kitchens and other similar workplaces.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-04-17T10:36:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231159845
Sexual Orientation, Workplace Authority and Occupational Segregation:
Evidence from Germany
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  Authors: Lisa de Vries, Stephanie Steinmetz
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  An extensive body of research has documented the relationship between sexual orientation and income, but only a few studies have examined the effects of sexual orientation on workplace authority. This article investigates the probability of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people having (high-level) workplace authority and the effects of occupational gender segregation. It analyses four waves of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel study (N=37,288 heterosexual and N=739 LGB observations). The results show that gay and bisexual men do not differ from heterosexual men in their probability of having workplace authority, but they have a lower probability of attaining high-level authority. Lesbian and bisexual women have a higher probability than heterosexual women of having workplace authority, but no advantages in attaining high-level authority. These insights into occupational segregation suggest that gay and bisexual men experience similar levels of disadvantages across occupations, whereas lesbian and bisexual women have an advantage in female-dominated occupations.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-31T12:48:07Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231158513
Unpromising Futures: Early-Career GPs’ Narrative Accounts of Meaningful
Work during a Professional Workforce Crisis
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  Authors: Louise Laverty, Katherine Checkland, Sharon Spooner
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Over the past few decades, the intensification and reorganisation of work have led to growing precarity, insecurity and uncertainty for employees, affecting even professionals tied to traditionally model employers. Doctors, in particular, have seen substantial changes to their work: having to work harder, longer and more intensely with reductions in expected autonomy, deference and respect. This article focuses on how early-career GPs make sense of and navigate meaningful work in the context of a current workforce crisis. Drawing on 15 narrative interviews and 10 focus groups with early-career GPs, the findings show that meaningful work during a crisis is understood temporally, with imagined futures perceived as increasingly impossible due to changes to the structure and orientation of medical work, leading to different career plans. Utilising Adam and Groves’ approach to futures as a conceptual lens, the article focuses on how multiple, often clashing, future orientations impact meaningful work.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-27T12:59:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231157543
The Equality Hurdle: Resolving the Welfare State Paradox
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  Authors: Erling Barth, Liza Reisel, Kjersti Misje Østbakken
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article revisits a central tenet of the welfare state paradox, also known as the inclusion-equality trade-off. Using large-scale survey data for 31 European countries and the United States, collected over a recent 15-year period, the article re-investigates the relationship between female labour force participation and gender segregation. Emphasising the transitional role played by the monetisation of domestic tasks, the study identifies a ‘gender equality hurdle’ that countries with the highest levels of female labour force participation have already passed. The results show that occupational gender segregation is currently lower in countries with high female labour force participation, regardless of public sector size. However, the findings also indicate that high relative levels of public spending on health, education and care are particularly conducive to desegregation. Hence, rather than being paradoxical, more equality in participation begets more equality in the labour market, as well as in gendered tasks in society overall.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-18T12:54:49Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155293
Trans People in the Workplace: Possibilities for Subverting
Heteronormativity
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  Authors: David Watson, Angelo Benozzo, Roberta Fida
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores possible subversions of heteronormativity through transgender performativity in the workplace. Drawing on insights from Judith Butler we focus on how employees construct (un)intelligible subject positions that can create ‘moments’ of subversion, which go against the disciplinary, powerful and normative gender binary. We explore this possibility through an analysis of qualitative material generated through encounters with 11 Italian trans workers. Our analysis shows that subversion manifests in diverse ways according to how individual performativities combine with organisational context. Within this diversity we highlight three moments of subversion: subversion through intrigue; subversion through incongruence; and subversion through betrayal. We argue that where transgender identity contrasts strongly with gender norms, subversion is most intense. The subversion of strongly heteronormative working contexts is difficult as moments of subversion are unpredictable, varied and can come at personal cost, but are necessary in order to accommodate different gender identities.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-16T12:01:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155059
Book Review: William Monteith, Dora-Olivia Vicol and Philippa Williams
(eds), Beyond the Wage: Ordinary Work in Diverse Economies
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  Authors: Konstantinos Kerasovitis
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-10T07:31:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155796
Technological Change, Tasks and Class Inequality in Europe
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  Authors: Carlos J Gil-Hernández, Guillem Vidal, Sergio Torrejón Perez
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Neo-Weberian occupational class schemas, rooted in industrial-age employment relations, are a standard socio-economic position measure in social stratification. Previous research highlighted Erikson-Goldthorpe-Portocarero (EGP)-based schemas’ difficulties in keeping up with changing labour markets, but few tested alternative explanations. This article explores how job tasks linked to technological change and rising economic inequality might confound the links between employment relations, classes, and life chances. Using the European Working Conditions Survey covering the European Union (EU)-27 countries, this article analyses over time and by gender: 1) the task distribution between social classes; and 2) whether tasks predict class membership and life chances. Decomposition analyses suggest that tasks explain class membership and wage inequality better than theorised employment relations. However, intellectual/routine tasks and digital tools driving income inequality are well-stratified by occupational classes. Therefore, this article does not argue for a class (schema) revolution but for fine-tuning the old instrument to portray market inequalities in the digital age.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-07T09:42:41Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155783
Book Review: Lars Meier Working Class Experiences of Social Inequalities
in (Post-) Industrial Landscapes: Feelings of Class
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  Authors: Bishnuprasad Mohapatra
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-07T09:40:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155780
Making Markets Material: Enactments, Resistances, and Erasures of
Materiality in the Graduate Labour Market
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  Authors: Olga Loza, Philip Roscoe
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Scholarship on the graduate labour market, preoccupied by structure, agency, and power, has largely focused on the market’s discursive composition. It has not yet paid significant attention to the concrete, material apparatus of the market and how this shapes market outcomes. In contrast, we approach the construction of the graduate labour market from a new materialist perspective and with reference to the growing literature of ‘market studies’. We consider the empirical case of a graduate recruitment hackathon to show how the hackathon’s material features were implicated in enacting a specific occurrence of the graduate labour market. The agendas of the hackathon’s designers and their visions of the graduate labour market were enacted in the hackathon’s material arrangements, but this enactment was not always reliable: in some instances materiality resisted and erased corporate agendas. Our article contributes to the sociology of work by highlighting the dynamic relationship between materiality and power (re)production in the graduate labour market.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-07T09:22:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155280
Choreographies of Care: A Dance of Human and Material Agency in
Rehabilitation Work with Robots
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  Authors: Angelo Gasparre, Lia Tirabeni
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article seeks to advance the understanding of how human and material agency enmesh in human-robotic workplaces. By means of a qualitative study, the practical use of robots is investigated within two organisations for medical rehabilitation. The theoretical framework combines Andrew Pickering’s ‘dance of agency’ with a process-oriented view of technology as technical rationality. It shows how resistances and accommodations are enacted by both humans and nonhumans as analytical loci of the dance of agency, and it explains how the experimental activities that are concerned with technology adoption and use are emergently fixed in formal or informal rules of coordination of action – the ‘choreographies of care’. By extending the processual orientation of Pickering’s ‘dance of agency’, and by further elaborating on the organisational implications of technological change within it, the article increases understanding of how the transformation of material agency may enact processes of change in the organisational culture.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-03-06T05:47:00Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221144396
Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Work, Employment and Society:
Extending the Debate on Organisational Involvement in/Responsibilities
around Fertility and Reproduction
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  Authors: Krystal Wilkinson, Clare Mumford, Michael Carroll
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  A relatively recent development in the field of work and employment is organisational provisions around employee fertility – notably policies and benefits related to assisted reproductive technologies, also known as fertility treatment. Work, employment and organisation scholars have only scratched the surface of this issue. This Debates and Controversies article takes an intersectional political economy approach to explore the opportunities, challenges and dilemmas at the interface between assisted reproductive technologies, society, employment and work. We consider how ‘stratified reproduction’ may be affected by employer interest in assisted reproductive technologies; what employers may gain, risk or lose by developing provisions; how assisted reproductive technologies-related ‘reproductive work’ intersects with paid employment; and the possible consequences, including occupational stratification due to assisted reproductive technologies-related career penalty. We call for further research, especially focusing on the most disadvantaged in society and employment, and approaches to workplace support led by compassion over cost-benefit calculation.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-27T10:50:39Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155752
Matching Candidates to Culture: How Assessments of Organisational Fit
Shape the Hiring Process
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  Authors: Gerbrand Tholen
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Organisational fit represents a crucial criterion in the hiring process. This article aims to understand how employers and external recruitment consultants define and apply organisational fit in professional labour markets, such as engineering, marketing and finance. It also investigates how the use of organisational fit in hiring can lead to social bias within these labour markets. It relies on semi-structured interviews with 47 external recruitment consultants who assist employers in these sectors. The article draws on Relational Inequality Theory to demonstrate how hiring managers and consultants use organisational fit to create and justify boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable candidates. Claim-making supports the rationalisation and legitimisation in the exclusion of groups of candidates. The article critically informs human resource management, business and psychology literature that perceive organisational fit as a largely benign criterion for recruitment. It also extends sociological and critical management literature by delineating three main exclusionary mechanisms in matching candidates for organisational fit.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-27T10:50:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155294
Labour Market Engineers: Reconceptualising Labour Market Intermediaries
with the Rise of the Gig Economy in the United States
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  Authors: Ashley Baber
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Gig work – accessing job opportunities through an app – has brought renewed attention to precarious non-standard labour arrangements. Scholars have begun to consider the intermediary role that platforms such as Uber, Lyft and Doordash play in exploiting and controlling workers. Yet, literature on labour market intermediaries has muddied conceptions of their role, impact and outcomes for workers by lumping a variety of institutions under the same umbrella term. Drawing from previous theoretical and empirical works throughout the temporary help and gig industries, this article proposes a reconceptualisation of labour market intermediaries as labour market engineers highlighting four mutually reinforcing features. This sociological reconceptualisation updates the understanding of for-profit labour market intermediaries by demonstrating the market making behaviours of firms of on-demand labour in the US context. Likewise, this reconceptualisation notes how gig firms have adapted and expanded these features in ways that increase precarity for workers.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-23T05:23:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221150087
Book Review: Raven Bowen Work, Money and Duality: Trading Sex as a Side
Hustle
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  Authors: Fabio Cescon
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-17T05:37:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170231155791
Sustaining Solidarity through Social Media' Employee Social-Media Groups
as an Emerging Platform for Collectivism in Pakistan
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  Authors: Syed Imran Saqib, Matthew M C Allen, Miguel Martínez Lucio, Maria Allen
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Forging solidarity among seemingly privileged white-collar professionals has been seen as a challenging process. However, many banking employees in Pakistan feel marginalized and lack formal collective mechanisms to voice their concerns, leading some to participate in social-media groups. Drawing on various discussions linked to labour process perspectives, we examine how these banking employees use social media as a means to create broader and diverse collective bonds within their profession and build bridges to their counterparts in other organizations within the sector. By doing so, we reveal that employees post on social media to express and affirm their concerns, offer broader support with one another, ‘cope’ with existing circumstances, highlight their unrewarded professionalism, and share relevant information around collective issues and experiences and not solely to critique their work environment. The article draws on and contributes to new debates on collectivism and solidarity, revealing the opportunities for actions on social media.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-17T05:36:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221148301
Book Review: Johan Alvehus The Logic of Professionalism: Work and
Management in Professional Service Organizations
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  Authors: Stephen J Frenkel
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-07T12:50:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221150097
Book Review: Nicole Brown (ed.) Lived Experiences of Ableism in Academia:
Strategies for Inclusion in Higher Education
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  Authors: Emily Yarrow
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-06T12:17:49Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221146908
The Role of Community Organisations in the Collective Mobilisation of
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  Authors: Joyce Jiang, Marek Korczynski
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  In examining the collective mobilisation of migrant workers, scholars have explored the emergence of community organisations as alternative forms of worker representation. However, community unionism scholars tend to adopt a union-centric perspective, which leaves unexplored the complex nature of community organisations. We argue that it is important to adopt a ‘community’-oriented perspective. Such a perspective allows us to explore varied capacity for collective actions and different forms of identity framing across community organisations. We argue that these can affect the union–community relationship and organising outcomes. By comparing ethnographic case studies of the role of two community organisations vis-a-vis the collective mobilisation of migrant workers, we conclude that community organisations which focus on participatory internal relations, and which frame collective identities (including class) in an intersectional way, are more likely to have reciprocal relationships with trade unions and contribute to collective mobilisation.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-03T05:48:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221138008
Framing Unions and Nurses
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  Authors: Susan Cake
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Union communication and framing are important for how union members, as well as how unions as organizations, are represented. In the context of declining union density and therefore fewer direct union members, unions’ daily communication material on social media may be one of the most common interactions people have with unions. This case study focuses on United Nurses of Alberta, the union for most registered nurses in Alberta, Canada, where unionization rates are among the lowest in Canada. This case study shows how United Nurses of Alberta uses two collective action frames, nurses-as-distinct and nurses-as-advocates, in their daily communication to members and the public. In creating and promoting these frames, United Nurses of Alberta draws from and pushes against the industrial relations framework under which they operate and the historical narrative of nurses as caring and self-sacrificing, which may reinforce common understandings of nursing and also limit United Nurses of Alberta’s ability to represent their members.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-03T05:46:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221144525
Book Review: Kenneth Abrahamsson and Richard Ennals (eds) Sustainable Work
in Europe: Concepts, Conditions, Challenges
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  Authors: Joern Janssen
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-03T05:44:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221144406
Goldin’s Last Chapter on the Gender Pay Gap: An Exploratory Analysis
Using Italian Data
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  Authors: Sergio Destefanis, Fernanda Mazzotta, Lavinia Parisi
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores the application to Italy of Goldin’s hypothesis that the unexplained gender pay gap is crucially linked to firms’ incentive to disproportionately reward individuals who work long and particular hours. The study draws mainly on Italian responses to the 2014 European Structure of Earnings Survey for data on earnings and the individual characteristics of employees and their employer, but also uses data from the Occupational Information Network and the Italian Sample Survey on Professions to measure characteristics reflecting the work context within occupations. For graduate and non-graduate workers, the results reveal a positive relationship between various measures of the unexplained gender pay gap and the elasticity of earnings with respect to work hours. For graduate workers, in accordance with Goldin’s hypothesis, both these variables are correlated with the occupational characteristics that impose earnings penalties on workers seeking more workplace flexibility.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-03T05:29:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221143724
Are All the Stable Jobs Gone' The Transformation of the Worker–Firm
Relationship and Trends in Job Tenure Duration and Separations in Canada,
1976–2015
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  Authors: Xavier St-Denis, Matissa Hollister
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  The literature on flexibilization documents the decline of the standard employment relationships, resulting in greater job insecurity. Consequently, the stability of career trajectories is expected to have decreased. However, existing studies in many countries pose a significant challenge: the available evidence shows no clear downward trend and possibly even an increase in job stability since the 1970s, as measured by trends in job tenure duration or job separations. This article highlights important limitations of such studies and provides novel evidence on the transformation of career trajectories. It is the first to provide evidence of a decrease in average job tenure duration for men in Canada and a decrease in five-year and 10-year retention rates over the four decades between 1976 and 2015, adjusting for sociodemographic shifts unrelated to flexibilization. We also find that average job tenure has increased for women, while their long-term job retention rates declined.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-02T05:51:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221146916
Beyond the Dormitory Labour Regime: Comparing Chinese and Indian
Workplace–Residence Systems as Strategies of Migrant Labour Control
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  Authors: Charlotte Goodburn, Soumya Mishra
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores two examples of worker housing in India, and compares these with China’s ‘dormitory labour regime’, arguing that these methods of labour accommodation are part of a broader, increasingly global, workplace-residence regime aimed at migrant labour control for the purposes of value extraction. Previous studies to Pun and Smith, it argues that China’s system is not unique, but part of the political economy of contemporary global capitalism. Although there exist historical and contextual variations between the two Indian case studies, drawn from the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) garment sector and the Andhra Pradesh electronics industry, as well as between the Indian and Chinese contexts, the aims and many of the outcomes are similar. Moving beyond a focus on the country- and space-specific ‘dormitory labour regime’ facilitates a broader understanding of the crucial role contemporary workplace-residence systems play in enhancing control of migrant labour for the benefit of global accumulation networks.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-02T05:49:41Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221142717
Book Review: Chris Baldry and Jeff Hyman Sustainable Work and the
Environmental Crisis: The Link between Labour and Climate Change
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  Authors: Rahul Singh
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-01T05:40:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221146925
Book Review: Wilfredo Alvarez Everyday Dirty Work: Invisibility,
Communication, and Immigrant Labor
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  Authors: Frances Myers
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-02-01T05:33:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221146919
The Dualisation of Teacher Labour Markets, Employment Trajectories and the
State in France
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  Authors: Caroline Bertron, Anne-Elise Vélu, Hélène Buisson-Fenet, Xavier Dumay
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  In a context of growing dualisation of the workforce that in France takes the form of a ‘contractual dualism’, this article analyses the mechanisms supporting the resort to contract observed in the public teaching sector otherwise modelled on (statutory, long-term) civil service. It departs from analyses mainly focused on the institutional variations of dualism and their outputs, and contributes to the literature on labour market segmentations by adopting an analysis of workers’ experiences and professional trajectories. Findings reveal that contract teachers receive little support from the state to secure their careers and develop professionally, but nonetheless commit to their careers despite the differential in employment and work conditions, which they seemingly consider as acceptable comparatively with their previous work and employment conditions, and given their social origins and aspirations. Analyses thus bring forth new evidence of intersections between institutionalised forms of dualism, social reproduction and the employment trajectories of individuals.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-01-27T12:46:53Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221128681
Temporary Migrants as Dehumanised ‘Other’ in the Time of COVID-19:
We’re All in This Together'
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  Authors: Dimitria Groutsis, Annika Kaabel, Chris F Wright
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Temporary migrants comprise a substantial component of the Australian workforce. Evidence of the tensions and contradictions in Australia’s reliance on temporary migrant workers was spotlighted during the COVID-19 global health crisis, particularly with regards to the actions and responsibilities of key players in the attraction, recruitment, deployment and ultimately abandonment of these workers. In this article, we interrogate the public framing of temporary migrant workers within the context of the pandemic. We employ a discourse analysis and build upon theories of precarity and dehumanisation. In doing so we demonstrate how the precarious state within which temporary migrant workers found themselves saw them cast as a dehumanised and unwelcome ‘other’, a burden to the labour market, the state and the broader society.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-01-20T05:31:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221142723
Precarity and Subcontracting Relationships: The Case of Parcel Delivery
Drivers in France
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  Authors: Pétronille Rème-Harnay
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article seeks to show, taking the example of delivery drivers, how inter-firm relations affect worker precarity. It is based on an in-depth field study carried out in the Paris region and backed up by the statistical analysis of national surveys. It focuses in particular on the role played by firms’ dependence in the precarity of work and employment, considering that both dependence and precarity should be considered ubiquitous. It then seeks to measure this dependence and highlight the factors that may increase it as the relative size of the firms, the chain of dependence and the position of firms in this chain. In this way, it sets out to show why the contractual status of employees can no longer provide job security in the context of unbalanced subcontracting relationships.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-01-20T05:24:27Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221142721
The Impact of Remote Work on Managerial Compliance: Changes in the Control
Regime over Line Managers
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  Authors: Francisca Gutiérrez-Crocco, Angel Martin-Caballero, Andrés Godoy
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Labour process approaches have extensively documented the impact of digitalisation and remote work on managerial control, though the role of managers has been less explored. This article fills that gap in the extant literature by examining how adopting remote work affects managerial compliance with corporate goals. Particularly, it shows that this development entails a process of de-institutionalisation and re-institutionalisation of the control regime operating over lower-level managers to act on behalf of companies. These processes are driven by corporate decisions but also by the managers’ attempts to negotiate this regime. Overall, the article claims the need to study managers as agents rather than as a mere extension of the management function or passive subjects of corporate restructurings. The arguments are based on a study conducted in a multinational mining company operating in Chile, which adopted a research-in-action approach and included interviews, document reviews and a survey of line managers.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2023-01-20T05:21:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221142713
Higher Rates of Bullying Reported by ‘White’ Males: Gender and
Ethno-Racial Intersections and Bullying in the Workplace
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  Authors: Tina G Patel, Daiga Kamerāde, Luke Carr
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Existing workplace bullying literature suggests that ethno-racial minorities and women are more likely to be bullied in relation to their ethnicity, race or gender. However, very few studies apply an intersectional framework of analysis to consider, for instance, how ethno-racial status and gender interacts to affect general workplace bullying experiences and their reporting decisions. This article uses an intersectional analytical framework and a cross-sectional quantitative analysis of the British Workplace Behaviour Survey (2007–2008) to examine bullying in the workplace, as experienced by the intersections of ethno-racial status and gender. In discussing how some groups report particular dimensions of bullying more than others, this article closely examines the somewhat unexpected finding that ‘white’ men were significantly more likely to report instances of workplace bullying. This article argues for the use of an intersectional analytical approach to understand and progressively address the nuances of identity, power and workplace bullying experiences.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-12-30T12:33:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221134397
Towards ‘Racialising’ the Union Agenda on the Front Lines of
Healthcare Professions
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  Authors: Gill Kirton, Cécile Guillaume
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  A persistent problem in trade unions is the discrepancy/tension that exists between their progressive national equality-seeking agenda and the translation of equality principles into workplace activism and their application to members’ everyday working lives. Building on the notion of ‘feminising’ the union agenda, this article explores professional unions’ efforts towards ‘racialising’ the agenda, which is a neglected equality focus in extant literature. The study is located within nursing and midwifery in NHS workplaces where the existence of racism has long been recognised by all employment relations actors. It investigates how the national union anti-racism project is implemented by workplace union representatives. While it reveals recognition of the existence of workplace racism among union representatives, a degree of denial and discomfort also exists. This, combined with the absence of the empowering union strategies that might be expected, hinders the delivery of a racially inclusive union agenda on the front lines of healthcare.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-12-30T05:46:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221135260
How Does Precarious Employment Affect Mental Health' A Scoping Review and
Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence from Western Economies
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  Authors: Annie Irvine, Nikolas Rose
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article offers a scoping review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research on the relationship between precarious employment and mental health. Systematic searches of primary qualitative research in western economies, focused on insecure contracts and a broad conceptualisation of mental health, identified 32 studies. Thematic synthesis revealed four core experiences of precarious employment: financial instability, temporal uncertainty, marginal status and employment insecurity, each connected with multiple, interrelated experiences/responses at four thematic levels: economic, socio-relational, behavioural and physical, leading to negative mental health effects. Reported mental health outcomes could be predominantly understood as reductions in ‘positive mental health’. Findings are theoretically located in models of work-family conflict and latent deprivation; insecure work constrains access to benefits of time structure, social contacts, social purposes, status and identity, which correlate with psychological wellbeing. Frequently failing also to provide the manifest (financial) benefits of work, insecure employment poses mental health risks on both fronts.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-12-07T06:30:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221128698
Book Review: Calla Hummel, Why Informal Workers Organize: Contentious
Politics, Enforcement, and the State
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  Authors: Stephen J Frenkel
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-12-07T06:23:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221132421
Education-Occupation Linkage in the Highly-Educated Workforce: Patterns
and Sources of Difference by Race/Ethnicity
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  Authors: Yao Lu, Xiaoguang Li, Benjamin Elbers
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  The present study investigates education-to-occupation linkage by race/ethnicity in the increasingly diverse educated workforce of the United States. We use a recently introduced linkage approach and identify two dimensions of linkage between educational credentials and occupation (vertical and horizontal linkage). Using data from the 2014 –2018 American Community Survey, we find notable differences in the total strength of education-occupation linkage by race/ethnicity. Highly-educated Black workers experience weaker vertical and horizontal linkage than their white counterparts; this is also true for Hispanic workers, though to a lesser extent. Ethnoracial differences in vertical linkage are stronger and more consistent than those in horizontal linkage. We decompose group differences in linkage strength and find that differences in occupational distributions and the composition-invariant structural component account for a large part of the overall difference in linkage strength. Separate analyses by degree levels show that, while the linkage is generally stronger for advanced degree holders than bachelor’s degree holders, ethnoracial differences remain similar between the two groups of highly-educated workers.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-11-14T05:23:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221133714
Book Review: Jana Costas, Dramas of Dignity: Cleaners in the Corporate
Underworld of Berlin
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  Authors: Stephen J Frenkel
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-11-09T08:37:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221132423
Work Therapy: Extractive Labour as Therapeutic Intervention
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  Authors: Erin Hatton
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article examines ‘work therapy’ in the US, a sprawling but overlooked realm of work in which people are put to work—usually without pay and employment rights—in the name of ‘therapy’. For whom is work constructed as ‘therapy’, this article asks, what is deemed therapeutic about labour, and what are its consequences' Through content analysis of organisational documents, this article finds ‘work therapy’ to be a mechanism for disciplining and extracting labour from already-marginalised populations. Yet not all ‘work therapy’ programmes are equally disciplinary and extractive, and so this article distinguishes between those of extractive exclusion and extractive inclusion. Despite such variation, however, the commonalities between these programmes overshadow their differences. For, when organisations discursively frame work as ‘therapy’, their goal is to put marginalised groups to work in underpaid or unpaid jobs, while justifying workers’ low or non-existent wages with unfounded claims of medical treatment.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-11-09T08:32:37Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221128694
Inter-Union Solidarity and Strategic Group Identity: Insights from Works
Councils in the French Car Industry
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  Authors: Ruth Reaney, Niall Cullinane
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  In many countries, unions, with conflicting political identities, compete for works council positions. However, inter-union solidaristic forms of cooperation can occur within these same institutions. This article advances the concept of strategic group identity to explain the makeup, success, failure and longevity of inter-union cooperation in this context. Based on case studies of inter-union conflict and cooperation on works councils in the French automotive industry, the article highlights the importance of inter-union identity congruence in examining responses to shared threats. Several implications for understanding inter-union solidarity are developed.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-11-09T08:28:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221122693
Between Settlement and Mobilization: Political Logics of
Intra-Organizational Union Communication on Social Media
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  Authors: Nana Wesley Hansen, Mark Friis Hau
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Since both ‘conflict and co-operation are at the heart of employment relations’, unions need to strike a balance between mobilizing workers against employers and ‘social dialogue’ when communicating with members and the public. Drawing on a case study of unions and grassroots communication on Facebook during sector collective bargaining, this article develops a framework of politico-communicative logics that inform the social media strategies of unions and their grassroots: a logic of mobilization and a logic of settlement. These logics are reflected in how unions and grassroots engage with followers, their choice of words and the topics they address. These theoretical developments on politico-communicative logics on Facebook open up the door for further studies of intra-organizational union communication in an increasingly digitalized world.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-11-07T02:03:32Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221122537
There and Back Again: Neuro-Diverse Employees, Liminality and Negative
Capability
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  Authors: Louise Nash
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  The workplace challenges faced by neuro-diverse employees are currently under-researched. This article considers how such employees experience the world of work, focusing on the demands they face to conform to established expectations around self-presentation and performance and how they utilise spatial resources in order to transcend them. Drawing on data generated from a series of in-depth interviews, it explores both their everyday experiences of frustration alongside how the mobilisation of liminal spaces can assist them in transitioning to and from the demands of the ‘neuro-typical’ workplace. The article seeks to contribute to an understanding of the lived experiences of neuro-diverse employees and how the design and practices of the workplace can contribute to feelings of marginalisation and even exclusion. It highlights the potentially empowering and emancipatory potential of embracing liminality and explores the relationship to ‘negative capability’ as a conceptual and diagnostic lens in studies of workplace diversity.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-11-07T01:59:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221117420
The Scarring Effect of First Job Precarity: New Evidence from a Panel
Study in Hong Kong
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  Authors: Duoduo Xu, Shuheng Jin, Ngai Pun, Jiao Guo, Xiaogang Wu
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Does entering the labour market via precarious employment have a long-term scarring effect on one’s career' Prior research proposes diverse arguments, but firm conclusions remain elusive. Using panel data from Hong Kong, this study rekindles this debate by revealing the long-lasting effect of first job precarity on workers’ subsequent career prospects. A comprehensive measure of precarious employment is constructed to simultaneously account for employment status, contractual status and occupational status, and random effects models are used to test the scarring effect of first job precarity on subsequent monthly income, job satisfaction and fringe benefits. It is also observed that macroeconomic situations, particularly periods of economic crisis, have a detrimental effect on entry into precarious employment. Importantly, the results show the substantial negative consequences of initial precarious employment, highlighting the adverse impact of economic crises on first job precarity and the subsequent scarring effect on career prospects.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-11-03T04:32:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221112221
Gender Composition and the Symbolic Value of Occupations: New Evidence of
a U-shaped Relationship between Gender and Occupational Prestige Based on
German Microdata
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  Authors: Sabine Krueger, Christian Ebner, Daniela Rohrbach-Schmidt
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Occupational prestige is an important yet understudied factor in gender labour market inequality. This study examines the relationship between the gender composition of occupations and the prestige of those occupations, and investigates whether men and women differ in their evaluations. A multilevel analysis based on German microdata generated two key findings. First, occupations that are predominantly male or female tend to be rated as more prestigious than mixed-gender occupations when controlling for pay and educational requirements, suggesting a segregation premium in the symbolic valuation of work in Germany. Second, there is no evidence of a gendered in-group bias in Germany; both men and women consider gender-segregated occupations to be more prestigious, with no preference for occupations dominated by their own gender.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-10-22T05:57:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221117415
Vice-Chancellor Pay and Performance: The Moderating Effect of
Vice-Chancellor Characteristics
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  Authors: Mohamed H Elmagrhi, Collins G Ntim
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article investigates the association between UK higher education institutions (HEIs) long- and short-term performance measures, and the pay of vice-chancellors/principals (VCs) in an era of intense neoliberalism/financialisation of HEIs, and consequently ascertains the extent to which the VC pay–performance nexus is moderated by VC characteristics. Using a longitudinal sample of UK HEIs, our baseline findings suggest that HEIs that prioritise meeting long-term social performance targets tend to pay their VCs low pay packages, whereas HEIs that focus on achieving short-term reputational performance targets pay their VCs high pay packages. We show further that the VC pay–performance relationship is moderated/explained largely by VC characteristics. Our findings are robust to controlling for alternative governance mechanisms, endogeneities, alternative performance measures and different estimation techniques. Our findings offer empirical support for optimal contracting and prestige theories with significant implications for the sector.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-10-07T10:49:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221111366
Wage Theft and the Struggle over the Working Day in Hospitality Work: A
Typology of Unpaid Labour Time
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  Authors: Matthew Cole, Mark Stuart, Kate Hardy, David Spencer
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Drawing on Marxist political economy, this article examines wage theft in hospitality work. Through a detailed, qualitative study of workers’ experiences in London hotels, a novel typology is developed that reveals how managers extract additional unpaid labour time through wage theft. The article argues that both the legal definition and existing academic formulations of wage theft fail to encompass the full range of ways that employers extract unpaid labour time. They also overlook the systemic dimension of unpaid labour time under capitalism. The article contributes new insights into the sociological dimensions of exploitation by proposing an alternative conceptualisation of wage theft that incorporates both formal violations of the law and the more subtle, informal means by which the theft of wages is secured.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-10-04T12:58:59Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221111719
Book Review: Eva Fodor, The Gender Regime of Anti-Liberal Hungary
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  Authors: Zuzana Dančíková
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-10-04T12:31:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221112619
Disguising ‘Taking Money Out of a Firm’: Disconnection and Detrimental
Consequences for Workers
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  Authors: Ian Clark
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  ‘Disconnected capitalism’ is a thesis defined and developed in Work, Employment and Society. This article contributes to the sociology of work by further developing the thesis both theoretically and empirically. The article does so by specifying how accounting practices enable investor-owner managers to take money out of firms with detrimental consequences for workers. Empirically, this development of the thesis is based on four case studies where the theoretical and empirical contributions add to the thesis by highlighting a contemporary dialectic in light-touch regulation that is illustrated by these studies. The article is important because the further development of the thesis provides an analytical device that illustrates how investor-owner managers take advantage of moral hazard provisions in light-touch regulation enacted by the state to deliberately exploit and strategize these provisions through management accounting strategies.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-10-04T01:51:43Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221112872
‘Finally, We Are Well, Stable’: Perception of Agency in the
Biographies of Precarious Migrant Workers
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  Authors: Lucie Trlifajová, Lenka Formánková
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article examines how experience with precarious work influences the notions of control and empowerment among female migrant workers. Instead of focusing on migrant workers as victims of a continuous chain of precarious employment, the article aims to enrich the current knowledge by focusing on the complexity of elements involved in subjective assessments of agency. Based on research of Ukrainian female migrants, we show how precarious jobs can be perceived as enabling, allowing women more control over their lives. To understand these perceptions of agency, we show how important it is to focus on the embeddedness of migrants’ reflective choices in their life trajectories. In the context of migration, this implies a shift in understanding from one in which migrants compare their experience (of labour or gender structures) between country of origin and country of destination towards a more nuanced approach.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-09-09T04:37:12Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221092351
Modes of Incorporation: The Inclusion of Migrant Academics in the UK
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  Authors: Toma Pustelnikovaite, Shiona Chillas
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article examines the internationalisation of professions in a qualitative study of migrant academics, drawing on social closure theory to understand how professions respond to the growing numbers of migrants. While studies of closure in professions tend to focus on forms of exclusion based on ascribed characteristics, this article is concerned with how professions include migrants in their ranks. Analysis of interviews with 62 foreign-born academics working in the UK reveals differences in degree of closure towards migrant academics, indicating that inclusion and exclusion are not binary opposites. The article captures degrees of closure in a novel concept – ‘modes of incorporation’ – identifying three inclusion patterns: integration, subordination and marginalisation. ‘Modes of incorporation’ extends closure theory by showing how inclusion is controlled and designed to preserve the status quo, thereby restricting internationalisation.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-29T08:18:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221092337
Conceptualising Work as a ‘Safe Space’ for Negotiating LGBT
Identities: Navigating Careers in the Construction Sector
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  Authors: Sarah Barnard, Andrew Dainty, Sian Lewis, Andreas Culora
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Despite sustained focus in recent years on understanding the experiences of underrepresented groups in construction, there has been a paucity of work that has explored the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) workers. Research has shown homophobia is commonplace in the construction industry and very few gay employees feel able to be open about their sexuality. Using qualitative data garnered from 16 in-depth interviews and a focus group with LGBT workers in the UK construction sector, this article analyses how participants negotiate identities at work and navigate their careers. Drawing on the concept of heteronormativity we consider how organisational contexts frame, constrict and liberate identities in the workplace. Significantly, our findings show that despite enduring heteronormative structures, work was described by participants as a ‘safe space’. By demonstrating how workers assess, move between and create ‘safe spaces’, this article contributes novel insights into the challenging of heteronormativity in heteronormative work contexts.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-29T08:16:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221090164
Advancing Workers’ Rights in the Gig Economy through Discursive Power:
The Communicative Strategies of Indie Unions
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  Authors: Davide Però, John Downey
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Finding limited representation in established unions, a growing number of precarious and migrant workers of the gig economy have been turning to self-organization. Yet little is known about how these workers can compensate for their lack of material resources and institutional support and negotiate effectively with employers. Drawing on interviews, frame, and content analysis grounded in ethnographic research with the precarious and migrant workers of British ‘indie’ unions, we examine the significance of self-mediation practices in facilitating effective negotiations. We find that the effectiveness of campaigns can be enhanced by strategically integrating vibrant direct action of workers and allies with self-mediated messages, which are framed to resonate with the general public and mainstream media – a practice that we call communicative unionism. These findings extend labour movement scholarship by showing the analytical importance of considering workers’ discursive power-building practices. They also contribute to addressing social movement studies’ historical neglect of workers’ collective engagements with employers.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-20T05:05:53Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221103160
Neither Employee nor Contractor: A Case Study of Employment Relations
between Riders and Platform-Based Food-Delivery Firms in Taiwan
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  Authors: Bo-Yi Lee
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  There have been numerous legal battles in Western countries concerning employment relations between platform-based food delivery firms and their riders; however, no such legal battles have occurred in Taiwan. This qualitative case study applies the theory of institutional logics to examine the reason such legal action is absent in Taiwan, focusing on how different stakeholders apply different logics to employment relations in Taiwan’s platform-based food-delivery sector. Through this investigation, this article shows that most stakeholders in this sector quickly came to a consensus that the ‘quasi-employee’ hybrid logic should be applied to riders, and that this was due to a convergence of worker and capitalist theories of profit, motivation to maintain the profitability of these platform firms (who are regulatory entrepreneurs performing symbolic compliance) and the techno-developmentalism of the Taiwanese government.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-20T05:04:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221103147
Hiring Temps but Losing Perms' Temporary Worker Inflows and Voluntary
Turnover of Permanent Employees
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  Authors: Rocio Bonet, Marta Elvira, Stefano Visintin
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article investigates the effect of hiring temporary workers on the voluntary turnover of permanent employees. It argues that inflows of temporary workers erode the working conditions of permanent employees, prompting their voluntary departure. Using a unique panel dataset of individual-level monthly payroll data over an eight-year period in a sample of Spanish companies, a positive association between temporary worker inflows and the voluntary turnover of permanent workers is found. The results are robust to diverse specifications and are strongest for firms in non-manufacturing sectors and for firms that hire proportionally more low-skilled workers, contexts where the hiring of temporary workers may be more disruptive for permanent employees. Since the hiring of temporary workers is unlikely to threaten the employment of permanent employees in the dual labour market of Spain, the results indicate serious disruption costs associated with temporary hiring in organisations.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-20T05:03:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221103135
A Relational Work Perspective on the Gig Economy: Doing Creative Work on
Digital Labour Platforms
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  Authors: Ana Alacovska, Eliane Bucher, Christian Fieseler
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Based on interviews with 49 visual artists, graphic designers and illustrators working on two leading global digital labour platforms, this article examines how creative workers perform relational work as a means of attenuating labour commodification, precarity, and algorithmic normativity. The article argues that creative work on online labour platforms, rather than being entirely controlled by depersonalised, anonymised and algorithm-driven labour market forces, is also infused in relational infrastructures whose upkeep, solidity and durability depends on the emotional efforts undertaken by workers to match economic transactions and their media of exchange to meaningful client relations. By applying a relational work perspective from economic sociology to the study of platform-mediated gig work, the article elucidates the micro-foundations of creative work in the digital gig economy, including how labour inequalities are produced and reproduced within and around micro-level interpersonal interactions.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-10T04:59:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221103146
The Dynamics of Control of Migrant Agency Workers: Over-Recruitment,
‘The Bitchlist’ and the Enterprising-Self
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  Authors: Chloe Tarrabain, Robyn Thomas
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores migrant workers’ experiences of organisational control while undertaking temporary agency work. This study is based on a ‘covert’ ethnographic study set at a temporary employment agency that short-term contracts workers to the catering and hospitality industry. The findings show how control is perceived by workers to emerge from the over-recruitment, coupled with the allocation of work through an informal ranking system. Migrant workers’ specific socio-economic circumstances and their race and gender identities informed their responses to these systems, resulting in the buy-in to discourses of enterprise. The result was actors who are complicit, if not active, participants in self and peer regulation. As such, this article contributes to the literature on enterprising-selves, control of temporary agency workers and the wider manufacturing consent literature.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-08T06:25:12Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221100934
‘The Biggest Problem We Are Facing Is the Running Away Problem’:
Recruitment and the Paradox of Facilitating the Mobility of Immobile
Workers
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  Authors: Katharine Jones, Leena Ksaifi, Colin Clark
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Fee-charging recruitment industries in Asia have become gatekeepers to temporary employment in low-wage occupations for millions of migrant workers. One of these jobs is live-in domestic work in private households. Increasingly, workers’ recruiters are depicted as contributing to their precarious, sometimes exploitative, working conditions. However, these narratives misunderstand the systemic and regulatory functions of agencies as transnational labour market actors. This article analyses the relationship between domestic work placement agencies in Jordan and Lebanon and their clients (the employers) as they negotiate the recruitment of women from Bangladesh. Drawing on data from 146 qualitative interviews, it addresses the mechanisms of how exploitative, controlling practices are constructed and normalised by agencies in their everyday interactions with their clients as well as with workers. The article argues that placement agencies play a paradoxical role; whilst facilitating global mobility they also broker worker immobility.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-08T06:22:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221094764
Managerial Technique and Worker Subjectivity in Dialogue: Understanding
Overwork in China’s Internet Industry
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  Authors: Xiaotian Li
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  The article theorises three different organisational processes that uniquely organise and normalise overwork in China’s Internet industry: coercive formalised overtime schedule, normative informal overtime culture, and disguised work-related time expenditure, work-for-labour. It reveals the ‘double flexibility’ in management strategy, namely, flexible, combined use of coercive and normative control techniques inside the company in addition to its pursuit of flexibility in employment relationships. It then theorises the pendulum movement of worker subjectivity between the ‘self-as-property’ metaphor, which justifies market competition as meritocracy and encourages individuals to polish ‘employability’ in overwork efficiently, and ‘self-as-business’ metaphor, which reflects a conventional, Marxist understanding of employment relationships. The pendulum movement is manifested in the spectrum of workplace behaviours, ranging from the individualised psychological distancing to the collective noncompliance and online activism. The article provides a dynamic understanding of labour relations through the management-labour dialogue in the Chinese Internet industry.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-05T04:50:16Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221092585
Trade Union Solidarity in Crisis: The Generative Tensions of Worker
Solidarities in Argentina
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  Authors: Adam Fishwick, Lucila D’Urso
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  The article identifies how tensions between different levels of worker solidarity helped shape the possibilities of collective action in automobile and related sector trade unions in Argentina. It advances the framework proposed by Morgan and Pulignano in two ways. First, it highlights the interrelation of both the complementarities and the tensions between different solidarity practices. Second, it extends the understanding of how these solidarity practices connect the workplace and community. The contribution is based on thematic analysis of interviews with trade union leaders, representatives and activists that shed light on solidarities produced, as well as tensions and complementarities between them. This is contextualised by the impact of crisis in the automobile sector after 2015, showing how increased worker vulnerabilities affected emergent solidarities. Overall, the article demonstrates the significance of these dynamics for understanding the continued resilience and limitations of trade unions in Argentina and beyond.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-01T04:47:07Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221100935
‘I Had to Take a Casual Contract and Work One Day a Week’: Students’
Experiences of Lengthy University Placements as Drivers of Precarity
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  Authors: Nicole Oke, Lisa Hodge, Heather McIntyre, Shelley Turner
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  University students are increasingly required to undertake lengthy unpaid placements, and for many students this needs to be balanced with the paid work they already do. The literature about internships has focused on whether internships help students get jobs post-graduation, or if placements are exploitative, given pay is minimal or non-existent. This article contributes to this literature by examining how placements affect students’ current paid employment. Vosko’s framework, published in 2010, which identifies the precarious features of the employment relationship and interrogates the social context and location of this employment, is drawn on here. The article is based on a quantitative and qualitative survey of social work students at an Australian university, who need to complete a lengthy placement. The argument made here is that the requirements of lengthy placements restrict the conditions in which students can engage in the workforce and by doing so increase the precarity of their workforce participation.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-01T04:46:07Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221091679
Recoupling Corporate Culture with New Political Discourse in China’s
Platform Economy: The Case of Alibaba
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  Authors: Tommy Tse, Xiaotian Li
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Previous research on the corporate culture construction in China primarily highlights how Chinese firms draw on its traditional culture and socialist heritages as two crucial intellectual resources. The highly marketised high-tech sector with declining employment security and changing political environment renders a new context and dual process for the ‘engineering’ of corporate culture in China’s platform economy. An ethnographic study of Alibaba unveils the resources the management draws on to construct its culture, including not only the founder’s entrepreneurial stories but also the economic and social changes allegedly brought by Alibaba’s platforms and technologies. This article theorises a new tripartite state–employer–employee relationship manifested through corporate culture by showcasing how the discourses of market meritocracy in China’s reform era and national renaissance based on technological progressivism have both fuelled the corporate culture construction, delineating its simultaneous yet paradoxical decoupling from and recoupling with the national political discourse in China’s high-tech industries.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-08-01T04:43:53Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221083106
From Unwoven Societal Relationships to a Broad-Based Movement' Union Power
in Societal Networks in Quebec (Canada)
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  Authors: Lorenzo Frangi, Anthony C Masi, Bénédicte Poirier
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Power resources are embedded in societal ties. Using qualitative network analysis, our fieldwork in Quebec (Canada), based on 30 interviews and three focus groups, explored union-societal ties, their resource properties and the extent to which unions weave them into a network. We identified five different types of union-societal ties: instrumental, civil society organizations, identity-based, satellite and fishing line. These ties were mostly unwoven. Analysis of networking provides insights into how unions frame issues, identify grassroots leaders and leverage societal power resources in broad-based movements.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-07-14T12:50:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221092546
Predicting Child-Labour Risks by Norms in India
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  Authors: Jihye Kim, Wendy Olsen, Arkadiusz Wiśniowski
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article aims to understand how social and gender norms affect child labour in India, which is mainly defined by a work-hours threshold. It develops a regression model using two datasets – the Indian Human Development Survey 2011/2012 and the World Value Survey India 2012 – to predict child-labour risks based on such norms. The gender and development approach provides a theoretical foundation for applying norms in association with social and gender relations. The results of the regression model have revealed that a norm supportive of women’s work and a benevolent attitude norm help reduce the risk of child labour. In contrast, seclusion norms show an opposite association with child labour. Child-labour practices are varied because agents accept or deny norms as part of the social structure. Our findings confirm that the transformation of restricted norms on gender could help reduce child labour in India.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-07-14T12:46:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221091886
Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention
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  Authors: Niels van Doorn, Fabian Ferrari, Mark Graham
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  In urban gig economies around the world, platform labour is predominantly migrant labour, yet research on the intersection of the gig economy and labour migration remains scant. Our experience with two action research projects, spanning six cities on four continents, has taught us how platform work impacts the structural vulnerability of migrant workers. This leads us to two claims that should recalibrate the gig economy research agenda. First, we argue that platform labour simultaneously degrades working conditions while offering migrants much-needed opportunities to improve their livelihoods. Second, we contend that the reclassification of gig workers as employees is by itself not sufficient to counter the precarisation of migrant gig work. Instead, we need ambitious policies at the intersection of immigration, social welfare, and employment regulation that push back against the digitally mediated commodification of migrant labour worldwide.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-07-06T04:27:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221096581
Is Rising Self-Employment Associated with Material Deprivation in the
UK'
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  Authors: Andrew Henley
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Rising self-employment may indicate growing precarity. This article investigates poverty in self-employment in the UK using a large-scale official household survey for 2010 to 2019 through a focus on material deprivation. The principal finding is that, after controlling for the selective nature of self-employment, self-employed households may experience higher levels of material deprivation than employed ones. This is particularly so for those without children and access to welfare and other support that children may bring. This finding is consistent with previous research on the reliability of self-employment earnings data. It also may highlight the impact of precarious self-employment on low earning households. This is apparent in detailed analysis of earnings and material deprivation gaps at different points of the distribution, where self-employed households rely more on the income of one self-employed earner.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-07-04T12:46:23Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221092640
Reconceptualising Work and Employment in Complex Productive Configurations
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  Authors: Martine D’Amours, Leticia Pogliaghi, Guy Bellemare, Louise Briand, Frédéric Hanin
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Increasingly, work and employment take place within network firms, value chains, and other organisational forms extending control beyond the firm’s legal boundaries. This article proposes a model rooted in sociological concepts (work organisation, control, and risk) to analyse how social relations of work and employment are structured, and how inequalities are manufactured, in these organisational forms. First, we change the level of analysis, moving from firm to productive configuration. Second, we propose the notion of social labour relations, to grasp the relationship between workers and any entity likely to control their conditions of work and employment. Social labour relations articulates five dimensions that could be used to compare groups of workers who are participating in the same configuration. Third, we analyse how control is exercised by which entity/entities and over which social labour relation dimension. Such an understanding is essential to provide avenues for institutional renewal: namely to reconnect control and responsibility.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-07-04T12:22:53Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221103131
Radical Change and Institutional Resilience: The Case of Labour Market
Reforms in Southern Europe
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  Authors: Ignacio Álvarez, Jesús Cruces, Francisco Trillo
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Over the last decade southern European labour markets have been transformed in a common neoliberal direction, as a consequence of the reforms enacted after the 2008 financial crisis. In our research we investigate to what extent these labour market reforms, aimed at promoting a radical decentralisation of collective bargaining, have actually led to such change. For that purpose, we developed a comparative study of Spain and Portugal, using the notions of path dependency and socio-political coalitions developed by historical institutionalism. Our study leads to the conclusion that institutional trajectories resulting from these labour market reforms merge profound changes with significant resilience. The neoliberal transformations of southern European labour markets have not led to the emergence of new bargaining models, nor to an institutional convergence towards the decentralised collective bargaining systems of liberal market economies. Rather, these reforms have triggered a disorganised fragmentation of collective bargaining systems, resulting in a lack of institutional coherence.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-07-04T12:21:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221090166
Invisible Room Attendants: Outsourcing as a Dispositive of (In)visibility
and the Resistance of Las Kellys in Spain
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  Authors: Alan Valenzuela-Bustos, Ana Gálvez-Mozo, Verna Alcalde-Gonzalez
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Outsourced room attendants have been described as invisible to both guests and management. However, room attendants in Spain have managed to create a movement called Las Kellys, which has raised their visibility and earned them respect in society. The article questions how outsourcing leads to the invisibility of room attendants in Spain and how Las Kellys renders them visible. Based on a study conducted with room attendants who were working at hotels in different parts of Spain in 2020, the results show how outsourcing works as a dispositive that creates invisibility through a socio-spatial and socio-legal segregation, while workers are seen as a number to be managed. Against the dispositive of invisibility, Las Kellys has raised their visibility as social actors to contest these ways of being (in)visible.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-07-04T01:00:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221092353
‘They Exist but They Don’t Exist’: Personal Assistants Supporting
Physically Disabled People in the Workplace
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  Authors: Jane Maddison, Jenni Brooks, Katherine Graham, Yvonne Birks
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Employment rates in England for disabled people are persistently lower than for non-disabled people. Support from a Workplace Personal Assistant is one way of narrowing this gap. Personal assistance is an empowerment-driven model in which the disabled person controls their support: who provides it, when, how and where. Previous research has focused on the personal assistant role in the home setting. This article draws on data from 32 qualitative interviews in the first UK study to explore personal assistance in the workplace for people with physical and/or sensory impairments. To maintain their enabling role in this external setting, Workplace Personal Assistants needed to strive for occupational invisibility when among the disabled workers’ colleagues: to ‘exist but not exist’. This article examines the Workplace Personal Assistant role as invisible work, applying Hatton’s conceptual framework. The analysis contributes to understanding of workplace personal assistance and ways in which mechanisms can intersect to produce multiple invisibility.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-06-13T06:36:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221075532
Between Frustration and Invigoration: Women Talking about Digital
Technology at Work
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  Authors: Sarah Mosseri, Ariadne Vromen, Rae Cooper, Elizabeth Hill
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This study addresses the dearth of gender analysis within debates about technological innovation and workplace change. Qualitative analysis of 12 focus groups conducted with women in ‘frontline’ and ‘professional’ roles discussing their use and engagement with digital technologies at work reveals contrasting narratives of ‘digital frustration’ and ‘digital invigoration’. To explain these distinct narratives, we synthesise insights from science and technology studies with findings from scholarship on gendered work and labour market inequality to show that these differences are not driven solely by a technology’s form or the degree of automation it ostensibly represents. Instead, women’s narratives reflect an interplay between technological design, employment context and workers’ own voice and agency. These findings challenge assumptions about the totalising and transformative power of work-related technologies, redirecting attention to how social and political contestations over digital technologies inform worker experiences and shape the future of work.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-06-09T08:36:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221091680
Emotional Pasts in Swedish Rescue Services: Bringing Temporality to the
Fore in the Field of Emotional Regimes
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  Authors: Clary Krekula, Stefan Karlsson
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article centres on emotions within the Swedish rescue services in terms of the concepts of emotional regime and emotional pasts, partly with a focus on the role of emotional pasts in emotional regimes, partly on how the (re)construction of emotional pasts relates to the organisation of the workplace. The empirical material consists of qualitative interviews with five female and 13 male firefighters in Sweden, aged 28–58. Results show that individual experiences are used as emotional pasts to define work situations in the present and that work teams, through informal conversations and formal debriefing, create stories out of central events, thus constructing shared emotional pasts. All in all, the analysis shows that temporalities and their narrative expressions are a vital part of how emotional regimes are sustained within the rescue services, which has implications for the understanding of the rescue services as an organisation.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-06-08T10:33:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221084615
Manufacturing Managerial Compliance: How Firms Align Managers with
Corporate Interest
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  Authors: Devika Narayan
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Although the domain of labour process research is vast, few studies analyse compliance among managers. This article advances a neglected strand of analysis, focusing on how firms shape managerial actions. Organizational goals, such as downsizing, intensification, and reskilling, demand that professional managers cooperate and act in accordance with firm objectives, at times even at personal cost to themselves. To theorize this, I use the case of information technology (IT) firms in India that recently shed a large number of managerial jobs, fostering an environment of insecurity. Those who lost their jobs were positioned between lower-level employees and top management. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork, I contribute a two-part framing that theorizes the dualities of the managerial subject position and how it is instrumentalized. The article foregrounds the intersection of managerial insecurity and managerial hierarchy, emphasizing how firms utilize these to meet organizational goals.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-05-28T09:49:42Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221083109
Why Female Employees Do Not Earn More under a Female Manager: A
Mixed-Method Study
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  Authors: Margriet van Hek, Tanja van der Lippe
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Previous studies found contradictory results on whether women benefit in terms of earnings from having a female manager. This mixed-method study draws on survey data from the Netherlands to determine whether female employees have higher wages if they work under a female manager and combines these with data from interviews with Dutch female managers to interpret and contextualize its findings. The survey data show that having a female manager does not affect the wages of female (or male) employees in the Netherlands. The interviews revealed different ways in which managers can improve outcomes for female employees and suggest several reasons as to why some female managers experience a lack of motivation to enhance female employees’ earnings. This detailed focus on mechanisms that underlie female managers position to act as ‘cogs in the machine’ emphasizes the importance of incorporating context and looking at outcomes other than earnings in future research.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-05-26T07:57:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221083971
Gurkha Warriors as Entrepreneurs in Britain: A Social Anchoring Lens on
Martial Heritage and Migrant Enterprises
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  Authors: Pawan Adhikari, Shovita Dhakal Adhikari, Shoba Arun, Thankom Arun
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Using the social anchoring approach, this article investigates the entrepreneur experience of one of the newest migrant groups in Britain, the Nepali Gurkhas. The findings derived from the semi-structured interviews show how these migrant entrepreneurs employ multiple ‘anchors’ to engage in family-based enterprises and to navigate structural constraints. Their military heritage, which has provided them with psycho-social resources in the form of subjective and mixed anchors, has been central to their exercise of agency and enabling them to gain a foothold in Britain. This has rendered Gurkha entrepreneurs a distinct group within migrant entrepreneurship. The article contributes to the literature on migrant entrepreneurship by delineating how agential capacity, by deploying different anchors, can cause variations in migrant enterprises, which in turn imbue migrant entrepreneurship with distinct characteristics.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-05-13T04:51:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221080394
Restructuring, Redeployment and Job Churning within Internal Labour
Markets
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  Authors: Robert MacKenzie, Christopher J McLachlan
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores the phenomenon of recurrent internal redeployment, through a case study of restructuring at a UK based steel firm. While redeployment reflected one of the key functions of the traditional internal labour market at SteelCo, frequent restructuring events meant some workers experienced redeployment on a recurrent basis. For these workers the experience of repeated redeployment was analogous to churning in and out of jobs on the external labour market. Adapting this term to internal organisational processes, the article presents a new way of analysing recurrent redeployment through the formulation of the concept of Internal Labour Market Churn. This new contribution to internal labour market theory highlights problems with human capital development, career progression and in-work insecurity associated with internal churning, which tarnishes the sense of mutual commitment traditionally associated with and engendered by internal labour markets.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-05-13T04:49:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221080389
Gender in the Flesh: Allostatic Load as the Embodiment of Stressful,
Gendered Work in Canadian Police Communicators
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  Authors: Arija Birze, Elise Paradis, Cheryl Regehr, Vicki LeBlanc, Gillian Einstein
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Gender and work are important social determinants of health, yet studies of health inequities related to the gendered and emotional intricacies of work are rare. Occupations high in emotional labour – a known job stressor – are associated with ill-health and typically dominated by women. Little is known about the mechanisms linking health with these emotional components of work. Using physiological and questionnaire data from Canadian police communicators, we adopt an embodied approach to understanding the relationship between gender norm conformity, emotional labour, and physiological dysregulation, or allostatic load. For high conformers, emotional labour leaves gendered traces in the flesh via increased allostatic load, suggesting that in this way, gendered structures in the workplace become embodied, influencing health through conformity to gender and emotion norms. Findings also reveal that dichotomous conceptions of gender may mask the impact of gendered structures, obscuring the consequences of gender for work-related stress.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-05-12T12:53:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221080388
Developing or Degrading Young Workers' How Business Strategy and the
Labour Process Shape Job Quality across Different Industrial Sectors in
England
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  Authors: Edward Yates
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores variations in job quality for young workers by analysing six employers across three industrial sectors of Greater Manchester, an English city-region. Four aspects of job quality are examined because of their centrality in shaping how youth labour-power is deployed in the labour process: technological utilisation, work-rate, autonomy and discretion, and opportunities for training and career progression. Primary data were collected from 30 semi-structured interviews with business owners, managers, young workers and from workplace observations. Findings reveal job quality is high in advanced manufacturing and creative and digital sectors, but low in business services. Job quality is shaped by the nature of commodity production and accompanying labour process. Development or degradation of young workers in the labour process depends largely on the requirements of the employer, as few countervailing pressures exist. Training provision improves job quality, but demand-side interventions are required to generate sustainable good jobs for young workers.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-05-10T06:43:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211070447
Work in the Gig-Economy: The Role of the State and Non-State Actors Ceding
and Seizing Regulatory Space
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  Authors: Cristina Inversi, Tony Dundon, Lucy-Ann Buckley
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Using the concept of regulatory space, this article asks how both the state and non-state actors influence employment regulations particular to the gig-economy. To address this question a mixed method approach is used, including interviews with strategically placed informants involved in policy formation at national and international levels, content analysis of legal cases, parliamentary inquiry transcripts and policy reports. The analysis contributes to an understanding of employment regulation by the state in two ways. First, it reports distinct ‘levers’, which lead to a particular state role of ‘ceding and seizing’ regulatory power. Second, it argues that these levers ultimately serve the accumulation interests of capital over the legitimacy of employment rights for labour. The findings have wider societal implications for issues of equity, justice and employment regulation applicable to the gig-economy.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-05-07T08:19:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221080387
Mobility Power, State and the ‘Sponsored Labour Regime’ in
Saudi Capitalism
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  Authors: Anita Hammer, Ayman Adham
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article draws on the ‘double indeterminacy of labour power’, a key conceptual development in labour process theory, to examine mobility power in Saudi Arabia. State control over the mobility of migrant workers is crucial to the labour process and the wider political-economy of Saudi Arabia. However, little is known about mobility–effort bargaining and the specific forms of mobility power in the Saudi context. This article argues that not only is mobility–effort bargaining at the core of capital–labour relations in Saudi Arabia, but that mobility and effort are variably controlled by different sponsors/agents of control. Importantly, the control exercised by the state, capital and other sponsors over migrants’ mobility is not absolute. Developing mobility power further, the article details the multiplicity of mobilities and labour contracts to delineate a ‘sponsored labour regime’, and highlights the underexplored role of the state, and other agents of control, in conceptualising mobility–effort bargaining.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-05-07T06:17:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170221080373
Union Equality Structures and the Challenge of Democratic Legitimacy: The
Case of the Fire Brigades Union
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  Authors: Tessa Wright, Sian Moore, Phil Taylor
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article examines two commonly adopted trade union strategies to increase the representation of under-represented groups – first, reserved seats on union decision-making bodies and second, self-organisation, involving separate structures. It does so through the case of the Fire Brigades Union (FBU), whose equality reforms were considered remarkable within the union movement and fire service due to the union’s small size and highly male-dominated, white membership. However, reserved seats at senior levels were later removed following objection on the grounds of democratic legitimacy. The article examines this decision using original data comparing UK union rules for additional representation. It exposes the tensions for small, male-dominated unions of reconciling Young’s theoretical principles of ‘group-differentiated democracy’ with the realities of perceived democratic legitimacy, and argues that progress on union equality is contingent on both the particular forms of democratic representation and the political and industrial context.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-04-02T06:38:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211072796
Migrants and Undeclared Employment within the European Construction
Sector: Challenging Dichotomous Approaches to Workers’ Agency
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  Authors: Iraklis Dimitriadis
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Drawing upon qualitative data on Albanians residing in Italy and Greece, this article furnishes new insights into the topic of undeclared migrant construction workers’ agency. It analyses different types of undeclared work through Katz’s theoretical framework that suggests a disaggregated conceptualisation of agency. In so doing, it adds to thinking on the factors shaping fluidity between types of agency and challenges dichotomous views on passive or voluntary participation. The article also highlights that mutual interests between workers and employers enable migrant builders to defy and resist state regulations, despite the impacts of undeclared work on workers and the fact that power dynamics are unequal. Thus, the main contribution the article makes is to suggest a more nuanced understanding of labour agency that may go beyond the conflict between employers and workers. Overall, the article highlights the relevance of this study for different economic sectors, geographical areas and migrant groups.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-03-23T02:03:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211072777
The Making of the Academic Precariat: Labour Activism and Collective
Identity-Formation among Precarious Researchers in Germany
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  Authors: Aslı Vatansever
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article investigates the political potency of ‘precarity’ as an organising axiom in contingent workers’ grassroots organisations. It studies a nationwide network of precarious researchers in Germany and deploys Frame Analysis to illuminate how the Network articulates diverse criticisms as parts of a coherent struggle against precarious academic work. Empirically, the article substantiates the postulate of ‘precarity as a mobilising source’ by depicting the construction of precarity on strategic, organisational and individual levels, drawing on protest campaigns, coordinative work and in-depth interviews, respectively. On a theoretical level, it contributes to the literature by proposing a refinement of the concept of ‘master frame’. Arguing that ‘precarity’ creates a broader class actor with branches in different sectors, to which the contingent academics link their struggle by derivatively describing themselves as the ‘academic precariat’, the article proposes the novel category of ‘class-formative frame’ in difference to operational (diagnostic/prognostic) or relational (supportive/oppositional) frames.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-03-12T04:53:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211069830
Learning about Pay at Work: A Labour Process Approach to Pay Transparency
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  Authors: Fuk Ying Tse
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Using a labour process approach, this article examines how workers in three factories in China learnt about the workplace-level pay systems governing their employment relationships. By outlining the processes through which workers learnt about pay at work, this article sheds light on how workers, faced with a perplexing variable pay system and managerial control over pay disclosure, can overcome the pathways towards ignorance and ultimately challenge the workplace-level pay communication regime. It is shown that pay transparency, rather than being merely an outcome of managerial practices to improve employee motivation and organisational performance, is an outcome of dynamic and contested social interactions between management and labour.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-03-10T06:12:20Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211070442
Union Coalitions and Strategic Framing: The Case of the Agricultural
Advisory Panel for Wales
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  Authors: Leon Gooberman, Marco Hauptmeier
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article analyses the creation of a union coalition that introduced a new employment relations institution: the Agricultural Advisory Panel for Wales. Building on social movement theory, the article argues that the union’s strategic framing within a conducive political opportunity structure enabled the coalition to form and pursue its goals. The union engaged in a specific frame alignment strategy, frame bridging, to explore and mobilize intersections and shared interests between its own frame and those of its coalition partners. Frame bridging prompted actors to reverse their policy preferences and participate in the coalition, which was facilitated by a political opportunity structure formed from the political salience of the agricultural sector and pre-existing social ties in the ‘small state’ political economy of Wales. The article contributes to the literature by developing and extending the frame bridging concept as a process enabling union coalitions.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-03-10T06:11:00Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211069787
Gendered Housework: Spousal Relative Income, Parenthood and Traditional
Gender Identity Norms
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  Authors: Joanna Syrda
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Despite women’s increased market employment and earnings, the gender housework gap persists. Drawing on US data from 1999 to 2017 waves of Panel Study of Income Dynamics (6643 dual-earner heterosexual couples, 19,602 couple-year observations) and using couples fixed effects, this study examines the impact of having children on the relationship between partners’ housework time and spousal relative income. While parenthood could theoretically incentivize a more efficient division of labour, I find it has a traditionalizing effect and parents’ housework exhibits significant gender deviance neutralization, while housework division of childless couples is independent of relative income. In fact, these effects are so sizeable, that parents’ gender gap in the division of domestic labour increases in the higher range of women’s relative income. As the gender earnings gap closes and women’s relative income increases, the gender housework gap opens. Additionally, the traditionalizing parenthood effect is identified only among married and not cohabiting parents.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-03-10T06:10:20Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211069780
Labour Commodification in the Employment Heartland: Union Responses to
Teachers’ Temporary Work
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  Authors: Susan McGrath-Champ, Scott Fitzgerald, Mihajla Gavin, Meghan Stacey, Rachel Wilson
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article analyses the commodification of professional labour and union responses to these processes within the employment heartland. It explores the category of fixed-contract or ‘temporary’ employment using Australian public school teaching as the empirical lens. Established to address intensifying conditions of labour market insecurity, the union-led creation of the temporary category was intended to partly decommodify labour by providing intermediate security between permanent and ‘casual’ employment. However, using historical case and contemporary survey data, we discern that escalation of temporary teacher numbers and intensifying work-effort demands concurrently increased insecurity within the teacher workforce, constituting recommodification. The article contributes to scant literature on unions and commodification, highlighting that within the current marketised context, labour commodification may occur through contradictory influences at multiple levels, and that union responses to combat this derogation of work must similarly be multi-level and sustained.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-03-09T04:45:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211069854
Conceptualising ‘Meta-Work’ in the Context of Continuous, Global
Mobility: The Case of Digital Nomadism
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  Authors: Jeremy Aroles, Claudine Bonneau, Shabneez Bhankaraully
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Meta-work – the work that makes work possible – is an important aspect of professional lives. Yet, it is also one that remains understudied, in particular in the context of work activities characterised by continuous and global mobility. Building on a qualitative approach to online content analysis, this article sets out to explore the meta-work underlying digital nomadism, a leisure-driven lifestyle premised on a ‘work from anywhere’ logic. This article explores the four main dimensions of meta-work (resource mobilisation, articulation, transition and migration work) of digital nomads. In doing so, it shows the distinctiveness of the meta-work activities of digital nomads, thus conceptualising meta-work in the context of continuous, global mobility. Importantly, this article also challenges mainstream depictions of digital nomadism as a glamorous lifestyle accessible to anyone with the ‘right mind’ and the willingness to work less, be happier and live in some far-away paradisiac setting.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-03-09T04:41:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211069797
Fragmented Capital and (the Loss of) Control over Posted Workers: A Case
Study in the Belgian Meat Industry
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  Authors: Anne Theunissen, Patrizia Zanoni, Koen Van Laer
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Based on the case of a Belgian meat processing company that relies on posted workers employed by two subcontractors, this study investigates how posting affects client capital’s ability to control labour. Analysed through a Labour Process Theory lens, the findings reveal that posting fragments capital and substantially reduces the client firm’s control over workers’ effort and mobility power. This is due to the low-cost, temporary nature of posting, the disembeddedness of posted workers and their stronger relations with their employer than with the client firm. Competing to control posted labour, both units of capital enact practices commonly associated with trade unions: client capital advocates for posted workers in its interactions with the subcontractor, and the subcontractor promotes posted workers’ reduction of effort and increased mobility against the interests of client capital. Because of their structural vulnerability, posted workers might leverage conflicts within capital to resist the harshest forms of exploitation.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-03-09T04:40:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211059733
Embedded Strangers in One’s Own Job' Freelance Interpreters’ Invisible
Work: A Practice Theory Approach
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  Authors: Deborah Giustini
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article investigates invisible work, as voiced by professionals in the interpreting sector in the UK. Informed by a practice theory approach alongside the sociology of invisible work, it re-frames invisibility as enacted according to the elements that organise and motivate work in terms of purposeful, normative and skilful actions. Drawing on a qualitative dataset of 20 observations and 46 interviews with interpreters, the article conceives invisibility as a functional labour logic in which compliance and resistance to being unseen are the twofold cornerstone of professionalism but also of devaluation. As a freelance workforce, interpreters face contradictions between deontological and stakeholders’ expectations of invisibility, and the individual need of displaying an expert role for securing work continuity. This article contributes to social practice and invisible work literature by uncovering the performative interrelation of the work dynamics which demand a negotiation of hidden/visible status.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-02-21T01:09:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211059351
Disability Discrimination: Employer Considerations of Disabled Jobseekers
in Light of the Ideal Worker
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  Authors: Kaja Larsen Østerud
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Labour market stratification and discrimination of disabled people remains a less researched topic compared to other minorities despite being a notably disadvantaged group. This article explores the employer side of discrimination against disabled jobseekers by using a field experiment conducted in Norway as its point of departure. Through qualitative follow-up interviews, this article investigates employers’ assessments of equally qualified mobility-impaired candidates in a field experiment. The article employs the theoretical perspective of the ideal worker to shed light on how employers evaluate disabled jobseekers against an able-bodied ideal. Although previous literature on disability and the ideal worker has shown the imperative of asserting productivity, the findings in the current article reveal a stronger emphasis on social considerations as grounds for exclusion. The findings show how tacit constructions of the ideal worker not only relate to productivity but also to the creation of the socially integrated workplace.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-02-21T01:08:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211041303
Employer Participation in Active Labour Market Policies in the United
Kingdom and Denmark: The Effect of Employer Associations as Social
Networks and the Mediating Role of Collective Voice
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  Authors: Danat Valizade, Jo Ingold, Mark Stuart
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Active labour market policies (ALMPs) have evolved as pivotal social policy instruments designed to place the unemployed and other disadvantaged groups in sustainable employment. Yet, little is known about what drives employer participation in such initiatives. This article provides a nuanced account of the socio-economic aspects of the demand-side of ALMPs, by investigating employer embeddedness in wider social networks created by employer associations and employee collective voice as enabling mechanisms for employer participation in ALMPs. Drawing on an original survey of employers in the United Kingdom (UK) and Denmark, we found that the extent of employer embeddedness in such social networks is positively associated with employer participation in the UK but not in Denmark, where the effect was indirect and mediated through collective bargaining. The effects of employer network ties and employee collective voice affirm the importance of a more integrated analysis of the interactions between network ties and institutions in ALMP research.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-02-12T11:39:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211063094
Refugee Subentrepreneurship: The Emergence of a Liquid Cage
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  Authors: Deema Refai, Gerard McElwee
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article conceptualises refugees’ endeavours for upward social mobility through subentrepreneurship. Subentrepreneurship refers to various self-employment forms that are undeclared to relevant authorities to escape superimposed historical, temporal, spatial, institutional and social contexts, which constrain actors’ entrepreneurial activities. Using a mixed theoretical underpinning combining Mixed Embeddedness (ME) with Weber’s Iron Cage of Rationality (ICR), we signify liquidity of refugee subentrepreneurship, which is neither linear nor long-term rational. A liquid cage is envisaged to allow more freedom as refugees become embedded within intersections between transformative journeys and Constrained Institutional Contexts (CICs). This new theorising signifies a pronounced emphasis on agency whereby refugees cleverly contemplate implicit skills (i.e. unrecognised or downgraded skills), opportunities and processes to escape CICs. The article adds clarity as to how contexts become part of the production of entrepreneurial actions through two-way interactions that promote liquidity, enabling a strong foundation for future research exploring subentrepreneurship.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-02-12T11:35:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211062817
From Crunch to Grind: Adopting Servitization in Project-Based Creative
Work
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  Authors: Johanna Weststar, Louis-Étienne Dubois
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  The digital game industry has embraced servitization – a strategic orientation toward customer centricity in production-based firms – to deeply monetize digital games. Though some note the resource-intensive nature of delivering services and suggest inherent risks in its adoption, extant literature is uncritical. This article draws on labour process theory to critique the impact of servitization on workers at the point of production. We conducted in-depth interviews at a large North American game development studio. The results show the human cost of servitization, generally overshadowed by financial considerations. Specifically, we theorize that servitization increases the indeterminacy of labour and this must be compensated for if servitization is to realize its cost-benefit potential. The result is an intensification of labour through additional control imperatives which make workers accountable to consumers through deterministic success metrics, impact the creative process and direct creative outputs in real time.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-02-12T11:28:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211061228
Unpacking Super-Exploitation in the 21st Century: The Struggles of Haitian
Workers in Brazil
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  Authors: Francis Portes Virginio, Paul Stewart, Brian Garvey
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  Emerging patterns of south–south migration and rapid economic growth in developing countries have highlighted the need for new conceptual contributions accounting for the experiences of migrant workers in the Global South. The concept of super-exploitation has been among those contributions with reference to appalling working conditions and the dependence of developing countries on the export of commodities. However, this article argues that the understanding of contemporary forms of super-exploitation experienced by migrant workers remains underdeveloped. Drawing upon 42 semi-structured interviews with Haitian workers in Brazil, this study makes an innovative contribution to the conceptualisation of super-exploitation in the 21st century, particularly from the perspective of social reproduction theory. This article argues that super-exploitation can be defined more accurately as a combination of economic and non-economic forces that entangle productive–reproductive–exploitative relationships, thereby shaping the dependence of workers on wages below the value necessary for their social reproduction.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-02-10T04:59:32Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211060748
Rethinking Mobilization Theory for Union Revitalization within the SSA
Theory Framework
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  Authors: Sadık Kılıç
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  This article offers to rethink John Kelly’s mobilization theory within the social structure of accumulation (SSA) approach, a long-wave theory version. The SSA theory claims that institutional changes shape long waves with the decisive roles of capital–labour conflict, economic crises and political decisions. The SSA theory also introduces a different long-wave chronology that is more consistent with Kelly’s approach. Such a chronological reorganization allows Kelly’s expectation of union revitalization to be maintained. By drawing an intersection of these two theories, it is conceivable to conceptualize long waves more in line with the character of mobilization theory. Therefore, the article suggests that union revitalization is still possible in the context of these theories.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-02-05T05:37:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211062813
Representing Solo Self-Employed Workers: The Strengthening of Relations
between Traditional and New Collective Actors in Industrial Relations
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  Authors: Petr Mezihorak, Annalisa Murgia, Paolo Borghi, Mathilde Mondon-Navazo
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  To date, the emergence of representation of hitherto under-represented workers has mainly been analysed in terms of strategic choices of traditional industrial relations actors. This study – focused on solo self-employed workers (SSE) – instead analyses the interactions between unions, employer organisations and new collective actors, namely SSE associations. More specifically, drawing on a comparative ethnography conducted in three European countries, it conceptualises the representation of SSE as a ‘subfield’ of the ‘parent field’ of employee and employer representation and shows how interactions between traditional and new collective actors consolidate the subfield of SSE representation by also shaping the industrial relations’ institutions. This article thus contributes, first, to the debate about the representation of under-represented workers by emphasising the importance of interactions between traditional and new actors in industrial relations, and second, to the theory of fields by conceptualising interactions as a central element of field-level change.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-01-27T09:56:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211061227
Marketisation and Regulatory Labour in Frontline Disability Work
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  Authors: Georgia van Toorn, Natasha Cortis
  Abstract: Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print.
  In many liberal welfare states, market-based reforms aimed at enhancing competition and choice in disability services have necessitated extensive regulatory reforms to ensure quality service provision. This article explores how the changing regulatory environment surrounding an individualised funding scheme is transforming frontline disability work. Drawing on data from a survey of 2341 Australian disability support workers, the article contributes to sociological understandings of market regulation by foregrounding the importance of frontline workers’ labour to the regulation of social service markets. Various regulation-related tasks and duties are identified which, while practically embedded among the client-focused components of care work previously documented, are analytically distinct from them. This category of undertheorised, unrecognised, often unpaid work is referred to as ‘regulatory labour’. The article illuminates the mechanisms through which workers enact and resist regulatory processes and help absorb market risks and failures in ways previously underexplored in theories of marketised social care.
  Citation: Work, Employment and Society
  PubDate: 2022-01-27T09:54:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/09500170211058024