 Subjects -> OCCUPATIONS AND CAREERS (Total: 33 journals)
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- Precarious Employment and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini
Conference and Special Issue- Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-05-09T04:13:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884211016974
- McKersie, R. B. (2018). A Field in Flux: Sixty Years of Industrial
Relations- Authors: J. Ryan Lamare
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-04-04T05:09:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884211008208
- Unemployment Experts: Governing the Job Search in the New Economy
- Authors: Patrick Sheehan
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
In recent years, sociologists have examined unemployment and job searching as important arenas in which workers are socialized to accept the terms of an increasingly precarious economy. While noting the importance of expert knowledge in manufacturing the consent of workers, research has largely overlooked the experts themselves that produce such knowledge. Who are these experts and what kinds of advice do they give' Drawing on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork conducted at three job search clubs, the author develops a three-fold typology of “unemployment experts”: Job Coaches present a technical diagnosis that centers mastery of job-hunting techniques; Self-help Gurus present a moral diagnosis focused on the job seeker’s attitude; and Skill-certifiers present a human capital diagnosis revolving around the job seeker’s productive capacities. By offering alternative diagnoses and remedies for unemployment, these experts give job seekers a sense of choice in interpreting their situation and acting in the labor market. However, the multiple discourses ultimately help to secure consent to precarious labor markets by drawing attention to a range of individual deficiencies within workers while obfuscating structural and relational explanations of unemployment. The author also finds that many unemployment experts themselves faced dislocations from professional careers and are making creative claims to expertise. By focusing on experts and their varied messages, this paper reveals how the victims of precarious work inadvertently help to legitimate the new employment regime.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-03-20T08:22:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884211003652
- The Organizational Context of Supervisory Bullying: Diversity/Equity and
Work-Family Policies- Authors: Anthony Rainey, Silvia Maja Melzer
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
The impact of harmful social relations in the workplace, such as workplace bullying, has become abundantly clear to the social sciences. However, data limitations have prevented researchers from fully examining the organizational component of workplace bullying. Using a sample of linked-employer-employee data collected from the German working population, this paper shows how the interaction of organizational attributes and individual characteristics of workers (specifically, gender) is associated with how workplace bullying manifests itself. A series of diversity/equity and work-family policies are examined. Results show that some programs, but not all, are associated with workplace bullying. More frequent organizational use of mentoring programs for women is associated with higher levels of supervisory bullying, while more frequent use of work-family policies is associated with higher levels of supervisory bullying in cases where the employee and supervisor are different genders.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-03-08T10:08:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888421997518
- Groeger, C. V. (2021). The Education Trap: Schools and the Remaking of
Inequality in Boston- Authors: Hannah Ingersoll
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-03-05T03:56:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884211000401
- Murray, J., & Schwartz, M. (2019). Wrecked: How the American Auto Industry
Destroyed Its Capacity to Compete.- Authors: Marc Dixon
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-03-05T03:56:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/07308884211000408
- Vosko, L. F. (2019). Disrupting Deportability: Transnational Workers
Organize- Authors: Rachel Meyer
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-02-26T05:02:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888421997899
- Osterman, P. (2017). Who Will Care for Us' Long-Term Care and the
Long-Term Workforce- Authors: Patrice M. Mareschal
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-02-21T03:35:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888421996787
- Katz, S. (2019). Reformed American Dreams: Welfare Mothers, Higher
Education, and Activism- Authors: Elizabeth Klainot-Hess
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2021-02-19T04:04:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888421996788
- Creating “Risky” New Roles in Healthcare: Identities, Boundary-Making,
and Skilling Under Rationalization and Consumer Demand- Authors: Cindy L. Cain, Caty Taborda, Monica Frazer
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Healthcare is experiencing two countervailing pressures: to increase efficiency and be more responsive to consumer demands. Healthcare organizations often create new work arrangements, including “lay healthcare” roles, to respond to these pressures. Using longitudinal qualitative data, this article analyzes how one set of new lay healthcare workers attempted to construct a workplace identity, sell their value to existing professional workers, and navigate the precarious conditions of the new role. The authors find that workers in these new roles faced immense challenges stemming from their positions as “risk absorbers,” which ultimately harmed workers and reduced the efficacy of the new role.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2020-12-30T03:53:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888420983396
- Does the Black/White Wage Gap Widen During Recessions'
- Authors: Shinjinee Chattopadhyay, Emily C. Bianchi
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Researchers have long documented a significant wage gap between White and Black workers, at least some of which is attributable to discrimination. Drawing on research suggesting that discrimination increases during recessions, we test whether the racial wage gap expands during economic downturns. Using longitudinal wage data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics over a 40-year time period (N = 18,954), we find that the wage gap between Black and White workers increases with the unemployment rate. Moreover, we find that the cyclical wage gap is more pronounced in states in which Whites hold more negative attitudes about Blacks and in states with larger Black populations, suggesting that the racial wage gap expansion during recessions is at least partially driven by discrimination. Finally, we find evidence for at least two mechanisms by which the wage gap expands during recessions. First, we find that Black workers are more likely to lose their jobs during downturns and earn lower wages upon reemployment than comparable Whites. Second, we find that Black hourly workers are slightly more likely to have their hours reduced during recessions than White hourly workers, thereby resulting in lower earnings. These findings suggest that the racial wage gap widens during recessions and that discrimination accounts for at least some of this expansion.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2020-11-29T06:20:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888420968148
- Controlling or Channeling Demands' How Schedule Control Influences the
Link Between Job Pressure and the Work-Family Interface- Authors: Philip J. Badawy, Scott Schieman
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Schedule control is theorized as a job resource that should reduce the extent to which work demands bleed into nonwork time and decrease work-to-family conflict. However, schedule control might also come with greater expectations that workers fully devote themselves to work even during non-conventional work times; in this scenario, schedule control might act as a channel through which job demands can more easily permeate nonwork roles and generate conflict. Drawing on four waves of panel data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Health Study (2011–2017), the authors use fixed effects regression techniques to discover some contradictions in the resource functions of schedule control. The authors find that schedule control exacerbates the effect of job pressure on role blurring, and these observed downsides of schedule control are stronger for women. By discovering gendered effects in the moderating role of schedule control, this study sharpens prevailing knowledge about its functions as a resource and the ways that it might channel stressful work-related demands.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2020-10-20T05:00:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888420965650
- Production Regimes and Class Compromise Among European Warehouse Workers
- Authors: Nadja Dörflinger, Valeria Pulignano, Steven P. Vallas
First page: 111
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
The orderly functioning of global capitalism increasingly depends on the labor of logistics workers. But social scientists have yet to produce nuanced accounts of the labor process in the many ports, warehouses, and distribution centers that lie at the heart of logistics work. In this study, the authors seek to connect the nascent field of critical logistics studies to theories of the labor process in an effort to understand the production regimes that arise in warehouse work under different economic and regulatory conditions. Using qualitative data gathered at four European warehouses owned by the same third-party logistics firm, the authors identify several distinct types of production regimes at these warehouses and analyze the conditions accounting for each. Even in this globally oriented industry in which firms seek to standardize their international operations, locally rooted conditions play a significant role, generating sharply different forms of labor control even within the same firm.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2020-07-21T04:09:03Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888420941556
- Employment Quality as a Health Determinant: Empirical Evidence for the
Waged and Self-Employed- Authors: Jessie Gevaert, Karen Van Aerden, Deborah De Moortel, Christophe Vanroelen
First page: 146
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
In this study, the authors investigate the health associations of different employment arrangements in the contemporary European labor market. In doing so, a new approach based on the concept of “employment quality” is introduced. Employment quality refers to the multiple dimensions characterizing the employment situation of wage- and self-employed (European Working Conditions Survey 2015 – N = 31,929). Latent class cluster analyses were applied to construct an overarching typology of employment quality for the waged and self-employed. Using logistic regression analyses, strong associations were found with mental well-being and self-reported general health, pointing at a disadvantaged situation for the most precarious employment arrangements. The study shows that employment quality should be taken seriously as a health determinant both among waged workers and the self-employed. Our (novel) holistic approach offers an alternative to current analyses of the health associates of labor market segmentation that were criticized for being overly simplistic and amounting to inconclusive findings.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2020-08-06T03:55:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888420946436
- Intrinsically Rewarding Work and Generativity in Midlife: The Long Arm of
the Job- Authors: Harvey J. Krahn, Matthew D. Johnson, Nancy L. Galambos
First page: 184
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
Work is a productive activity that can also contribute to the well-being of the next generation. Using two waves of data from the Edmonton Transitions Study, this research examined the link between intrinsically rewarding work and generativity, or one’s perceived contributions to society. Controlling for relevant variables, more intrinsically rewarding work at age 43 predicted increasing generativity over the next seven years, and increases in intrinsic work rewards were associated with increased generativity between age 43 and 50. The results demonstrate the potential of the workplace to prompt growth in midlife generativity.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2020-10-08T05:11:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888420964942
- Choosing Bad Jobs: The Use of Nonstandard Work as a Commitment Device
- Authors: Laura Adler
First page: 207
Abstract: Work and Occupations, Ahead of Print.
With nonstandard work on the rise, workers are increasingly forced into bad jobs—jobs that are low-paying, part-time, short-term, and dead-end. But some people, especially in cultural industries, embrace this kind of work. To understand why some might choose bad jobs when better options are available, this paper examines the job preferences of aspiring artists, who often rely on bad day jobs as they attempt to achieve economic success in the arts. Using interviews with 68 college-educated artists, I find that their preferences are informed not only by utility and identity considerations—two factors established in the literature—but also by the value of bad jobs as commitment devices, which reinforce dedication to career aspirations. The case offers new insights into the connection between jobs and careers and enriches the concept of the commitment device with a sociological perspective, showing that these devices are not one-time contracts but ongoing practices.
Citation: Work and Occupations
PubDate: 2020-08-26T03:56:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/0730888420949596
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