 Subjects -> METALLURGY (Total: 58 journals)
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- An overview on the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered
aluminum-based composites
Authors: Shoba Chintada, Siva Prasad Dora, Dorathi Kare
Pages: 1 - 16
Abstract: Sintered composites have revolutionized as a thermal treatment to consolidate a wide range of engineering materials where the transition of powders takes place thermally in a thermodynamical equilibrium state with a decrease in free surface energy in materials owing to their specific capability. Sintering aids in providing effective bonding between the reinforced powder particles. However, the inadequate understanding of the sintering mechanism may limit the practical application of a few materials such as aluminum metal matrix composites. In addition to the rapid growth of various sintering related technologies, researchers need attention to highlight the structural barriers and forecast the emerging demands while dealing with such composites. A review report is made in this paper regarding the sintering mechanisms and sintering techniques. Common sintering techniques such as traditional, microwave assisted, hot pressing, hot isostatic sintering, and spark plasma sintering are identified and discussed here. As a result, the key challenges in sintering aluminium metal matrix composites that can affect sintering parameters are investigated. From the review, spark plasma is identified to attain densified and pore-free green composites and, microwave sintering is the best technique for achieving uniform microstructure in powder metallurgy samples.
PubDate: 2022-03-31
DOI: 10.30544/687
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- A study on Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of Al-4032/SiC/GP
Hybrid Composites
Authors: Deepak kumar, Pardeep Saini, Pradeep Kumar Singh
Pages: 33 - 45
Abstract: The pattern of metal matrix composites can be enhanced by integrating the concept of hybrid metal matrix composite to produce newer engineering materials with improved properties. The morphological and mechanical characteristics of Al-4032/SiC/GP hybrid composites have been investigated. The aluminium alloy (Al-4032) based hybrid composites have been fabricated through the bottom pouring stir casting set up, by reinforcing the silicon carbide (SiC) and granite powder ceramic particles as the reinforcement material at various fraction levels i.e. 0, 3, 6, 9 weight% in equal proportion. The reinforcement particle size is up to 54μm. The microstructural characterization of the hybrid composite samples has been carried out using an optical microscope, SEM, and XRD. The study reveals that the reinforcement hybrid particles (SiC + GP) are almost uniformly distributed throughout the matrix phase. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, impact strength, and microhardness) of the hybrid composite samples have been obtained and found to be better than the unreinforced alloy.
PubDate: 2022-03-31
DOI: 10.30544/728
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Investigation of material removal rate and surface roughness during
Authors: Abbas Fadhil Ibrahim, Abdullah Hamad Singal, Diana Abed al kareem Noori
Pages: 47 - 60
Abstract: Electrode Discharge Mechanism (EDM) is a manufacturing process using controlled sparks that occur between an electrically conductive workpiece and an electrode in the presence of an insulating liquid. The EDM process is commonly used to manufacture metallic matrix compounds that have wide applications in the railway sectors and the aircraft industry. Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are one of the important kinds of metallic matrix compounds due to their advanced characteristics, such as lightweight and high strength. This lightweight material was developed and used in various manufacturing processes, like the automobile industry to reduce vehicle weight and thus reduce fuel consumption. This paper discussed the experiments of the EDM that were conducted to examine the effect of machining parameters, including peak current (10, 20, and 30 A), pulse on different times (50, 100, and 200 µsec), duty factors (4, 6, and 8) on the material removal rate, and surface roughness of the Al (6061)-5%SiC-10%B4C hybrid composite as workpiece using copper electrode tool by Box-Behnken design. The analysis data for the dependent and independent variables manifested that the influence of machine parameters whenever Ip and Pon increase, the MRR and Ra increase.
PubDate: 2022-03-31
DOI: 10.30544/798
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Machinability study on Al7075/Al2O3-SiC hybrid composites
Authors: RAVIKUMAR MUKUNDAIAH, Reddappa H N, Suresh R, Ram Mohan Y S, Babu E R, Nagaraja C Reddy
Pages: 61 - 77
Abstract: In the present research, the effects of volume fraction of SiC+Al2O3 particles and aging temperature on the machinability of stir-casted Al7075 metal matrix composites (MMC) have been investigated. The hybrid composites were fabricated using the liquid metallurgy route. Al7075 was reinforced with different wt. % of SiC (3%, 6%, and 9%) and Al2O3 (2%, 4%, and 6%) which were used to fabricate the hybrid metal matrix composites. The samples were aged at different temperatures (140 ºC, 160 ºC, and 180 ºC) for 4 h and cooled at furnace temperature (27 ºC). The machinability of hybrid metal matrix composites was studied by carrying out L27 orthogonal array experiments. Three process parameters were selected, such as 0.2 mm/min of the depth of cut, 0.1 mm/min of feed rate, and 1500 rpm of spindle speed. The obtained results indicate that the surface roughness and machining force of MMCs increase with an increase in weight percentage of Al2O3/SiC and decrease with the increase in aging temperature. Optimum machining force and surface roughness were obtained at 2% Al2O3 + 3 % SiC and 180°C of aging temperature.
PubDate: 2022-03-31
DOI: 10.30544/749
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Assessment of mechanical and tribological performance of hybrid
Al/MoS2/Al2O3 composite by GFRA
Authors: Hari Kiran Vuddagiri, Sivasankara Raju Rallabandi, Srinivas Vadapalli, Thimothy Pandi
Pages: 79 - 102
Abstract: This work emphasizes the mechanical and tribological performance of Al-Si/Al2O3/MoS2 hybrid matrix composites. The composites are reinforced by varying weight percentages of Al2O3 (8%, 12%, and 16%) and MoS2 (0%, 2%, and 4%), and were prepared by stir casting. As the weight percentage of Al2O3 in a composite grows, so does its hardness and tensile strength. The addition of 2% wt. MoS2 enhances the specific strength and tribological properties, according to the research. However, when compared to other composites studied, the Al/16% Al2O3 composite had improved mechanical properties. MoS2 also aids the hybrid composite in achieving higher tribological characteristics while marginally lowering the specific strength. Taguchi orthogonal array (L27) is used to design tribological performances with process parameters viz. applied load, sliding speed and weight % of Al2O3 as well the percentage of MoS2 whereas wear rate (mm3/m), wear (µm) and coefficient of friction were considered as the responses. A hybrid Grey–Fuzzy Reasoning Approach (GFRA) is used to optimize a multi-response for avoiding vagueness in decision making. The statistical analysis revealed that Al/2%MoS2/16%Al2O3 composite has exhibited better wear resistance than other composites. The confirmation test is also conducted to validate the optimal condition obtained by ANOVA.
PubDate: 2022-03-31
DOI: 10.30544/764
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Compressive behavior of perlite/sodium silicate composite foam modified by
boric acid
Authors: Pranto Karua, Md Arifuzzaman
Pages: 103 - 124
Abstract: In this work lightweight expanded perlite/sodium silicate composite foams were manufactured with varying quantities of boric acid (BA) 0-2.88 wt.%. The composites were characterized for density, compressive strength (CS), compressive modulus (CM), and energy absorption (EA) up to 50% strain. The compression tests were also conducted at various crosshead speeds to evaluate the strain rate dependency of the foams. The hygroscopic tests were done to evaluate water absorption properties and investigate the effects of water absorption on the compressive properties of the foams. The CS, CM, and EA of the foams increased for a boric acid content of 0.74 wt.%, but further addition of BA caused a gradual decrease in these characteristics. The range of sp. CS (3.80-5.93 MPa/(g/cm3)) achieved were found to be well compatible with the values of building materials in the literature. The foams appeared to be sensitive to the strain rate in compression, causing variations in the compressive properties as well as the trends of stress-strain curves. Furthermore, the addition of BA in the composite reduced water absorption up to a BA content of 1.46 wt.%. The compressive properties were also highly influenced by the hygrometric test.
PubDate: 2022-03-31
DOI: 10.30544/755
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Water hyacinth (EichhorniaCrassipes) polymer composites properties -
aquatic waste into successful commercial product
Authors: Ajithram Arivendan, Winowlin Jappes J T, Siva Irulappasamy, Brintha N Chris
Pages: 157 - 169
Abstract: In modern times, the demand for natural fibers is increased due to low density, low cost, recyclability, and biodegradable properties. Following work deals with the aquatic waste of water hyacinth plant fiber. The main intent of this work is to utilize the hyacinth plant into a successive manner and convert this plant into some commercial products. It is used as reinforcement material and epoxy polymer resin in matrix material with a suitable percentage of hardener (10:1). A new method such as a mechanical way of extraction process is introduced in this work. The different weight percentage of the hyacinth fiber is reinforced with matrix material like 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35%. With the help of a compression molding, machine water hyacinth reinforced fiber composite is produced by using 1500 PSI pressure and 110 °C, 100 °C of upper and lower plate temperature. A composite sample is cut into as per ASTM standards and the mechanical tests like tensile, flexural, impact test is conducted by using universal testing machine (UTM), and Charpy impact test machine. Based on the final mechanical test results, the 30% of hyacinth composite sample tensile 36.48 MPa, flexural 48.62 MPa, impact 0.5 J, and hardness 98 attained then, the hyacinth composite samples are adopted into water and chemical absorption test with 10 hours, 1week, 1month of continuous monitoring. Based on the final results, hyacinth fiber is strongly recommended to use an alternative of synthetic fibers and conventional natural fibers. The hyacinth composite is strongly recommended for the usage of commercial and household applications.
PubDate: 2022-03-25
DOI: 10.30544/752
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Mechanical characterization and fractography of 100 micron sized silicon
carbide particles reinforced Al6061 alloy composites
Authors: MADEVA NAGARAL, Murali Mohan R, V Auradi, Bharath V
Pages: 17 - 32
Abstract: In the current exploration, the impact of the 100 to 125 micron size addition of silicon carbide (SiC) on the mechanical performance of Al6061 alloy has been studied. The Al6061 alloy dispersed with 6, 9, and 12 wt.% of SiC particles were synthesized by a two-step stir cast route. Two-step addition of the preheated particles into the melt helps avoid the agglomeration of the particles, which further contributes to enhancing the properties of composites. The orchestrated composites were exposed to microstructural examines and mechanical properties evaluation. Microstructural portrayals of acquired examples were completed by SEM microscopy, EDS, and XRD patterns. The event of SiC particles were affirmed by the XRD patterns. The density of the Al6061-SiC composites was increased with the addition of high-density silicon carbide particles. The hardness, ultimate, and yield qualities of metal composites have been improved with the increase in the content of SiC support. The ductility of SiC reinforced composites decreased with hard ceramic particles' incorporation in the Al matrix alloy. Various fracture mechanisms were observed in the Al6061-SiC composites using SEM.
PubDate: 2021-10-04
DOI: 10.30544/639
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2021)
- Thermal aging and catalyst concentration effects on thermo-dynamical and
mechanical properties of a polyester fiberglass composite
Authors: Belaid Salim, Salem Fouad Chabira, Pascale Balland, Ahmed Maati, M. Sebaa
Pages: 125 - 139
Abstract: This work deals with the characterization by physicochemical and mechanical analysis performed on composite polyester fiberglass plates molded by contact and aged in thermo-stated ovens to simulate their deleterious environment of use. The DSC analysis revealed that the catalyst concentration affected the thermal behavior of the composite. Indeed, the addition of a higher catalyst concentration slightly lowered the glass transition temperature. From a mechanical point of view, it was observed that the catalyst addition made the material stiffer. The properties at fracture were also affected by the catalyst concentration and varied irregularly with aging.
PubDate: 2021-09-10
DOI: 10.30544/630
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2021)
- Tensile and flexural behaviour of graphite filler particles and pineapple
leaf fiber (palf) reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Mahadeva Reddy, Adaveesh B, Mohankumar T S, Madeva Nagaral
Pages: 141 - 155
Abstract: New composites materials are developed to meet the demand for medical devices, vehicles, protective equipment, sporting goods, etc. In present investigations, the effects of graphite filler particles in the epoxy were studied separately by preparing epoxy with 5 and 10 vol.% of graphite filler particles composites by hand layup technique. Further, the combined effect of graphite filler particles and pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) on the mechanical behaviour of epoxy composites was studied by preparing epoxy with 5 vol.% of graphite -30 vol.% of PALF and epoxy with 10 vol.% of graphite -30 vol.% of PALF composites. Prepared composites were subjected to evaluating various mechanical properties like tensile strength, elongation, and flexural strength as per ASTM standards. By adding graphite filler particles and PALF fibers tensile, and flexural strength were improved with a slight reduction in the percentage elongation. Further, these conventional results were validated by FEM analysis using MSC Patran and Nastran Student Version.
PubDate: 2021-11-10
DOI: 10.30544/659
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2021)
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