 Subjects -> GARDENING AND HORTICULTURE (Total: 37 journals)
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- Climate change impacts on tuber crops: vulnerabilities and adaptation
strategies
Authors: Raju Saravanan, Sridhar Gutam
Pages: 1 - 18
Abstract: Climate change poses significant challenges to root and tuber crops, requiring robust adaptation strategies to mitigate vulnerabilities. This review examines the impacts of climate change on root and tuber crops, including rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, extreme weather events, and changes in pest and disease dynamics. These changes significantly affect root and tuber crop production, leading to lower yields, compromised quality, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, and limited access to water resources. Adaptation strategies encompass various approaches, such as agronomic practices, crop diversification, improved water management, breeding for climate resilience, and agroecological methods. However, addressing knowledge gaps and research needs is crucial for better-understanding climate change impacts and developing effective adaptation strategies for root and tuber crops. Future research should prioritize resilient cultivar identification, enhanced cropping systems, improved pest and disease management, and exploring socio-economic dimensions of adaptation. This review emphasizes the urgent need to address climate change impacts on tropical root and tuber crops. It highlights the critical role of adaptive measures in ensuring long-term sustainability and food security in a changing climate
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2129
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Evaluation of intergeneric F1 hybrid progenies of papaya (Arka Prabhath x
Vasconcellea cauliflora and Arka Prabhath x Vasconcellea cundinamarcencis)
for morphological, fruit and yield traits coupled with PRSV tolerance
Authors: Megha Arun, C Vasugi, M Krishna Reddy, Gangadhar Narabenchi, R Rajeshwari, K V Ravishankar, Linta Vincent
Pages: 19 - 26
Abstract: Papaya is one of the most important fruit crops of tropical and subtropical regions of the world including India. Though India stands first in production in the world, the productivity is low as compared to other countries due to high incidence of papaya ring spot virus (PRSV-P) attack. As all the cultivated varieties under genus Carica are susceptible to PRSV, investigations were carried out to evaluate fifteen intergeneric hybrid progenies of Arka Prabhath x V. cauliflora and eighty-five progenies of Arka Prabhath x V. cundinamarcencis for morphological, fruit and yield traits coupled with PRSV- P tolerance. Out of fifteen, seven progenies of ‘Arka Prabhath’ x V. cauliflora viz., IGHF1S4-1, IGHF1S4-12, IGHF1S4-13, IGHF1S4-14, IGHF1S4-15, IGHF1S4-17, IGHF1S4-18 and out of eighty-five, six progenies of ‘Arka Prabhath’ x V. cundinamarcensis viz., IGHF1S1-
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2142
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Determination of mutagenic sensitivity and its manifestations on papaya
(Carica papaya L.) cv. Arka Prabhath
Authors: Navya Bhat, M R Dinesh, H S Vageeshbabu, G C Acharya, S N Dash, S C Swain
Pages: 27 - 34
Abstract: Papaya is an important fruit crop of the family Caricaceae which needs the improvement in terms of virus resistance and shelf life with dwarf stature. Mutation breeding technique has been considered as an efficient tool adopted by plant breeders to create variability in papaya. The mutation frequency and population structure of the mutants directly depend upon the type of mutagen and the time of exposure. Irrespective of the used mutagens, the ultimate induced mutations are random and therefore determination of mutagenic sensitivity is important pre-requisite. Based on this, investigation on the induction of mutation in papaya cv. Arka Prabhath was carried out with the objective of creating genetic variability through physical mutagen. In this study, papaya seeds were irradiated with five different dose of gamma rays ranging from 50 Gy to 500 Gy. The results revealed that gradual reduction in germination, survival of seedlings and delayed germination with increase in dosage of gamma rays. Based on probit analysis, LD50 (Lethal dose) was fixed at 186.24 Gy. Total seven types of chlorophyll mutants were observed as a result of mutation. Mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness were higher in a lower dose of gamma treatment (50 Gy).
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2143
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Performance of Apple ber on different training systems in hot arid
condition
Authors: Prashant Nikumbhe, P R Meghwal, Om Prakash Meena, Pramendra, Hari Mohan Meena
Pages: 35 - 39
Abstract: Ber is an indigenous and common fruit of India. It is commercially grown under wide climatic and soil conditions. Apple ber (Zizyphus jujube Mill) cultivar is gaining momentum in sub-tropical and tropical climatic conditions of West Bengal, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat and in several northern parts of India. It is precocious in bearing habit with bold and crispy fruits. Many factors including training practices affect vegetative and fruit quality parameters. Due to bolder and heavier fruits, the cultivar is prone for limbs breakage or complete tilting of plants which results in uneven fruiting, reduced fruit set, and higher fruit drop. Considering its appealing fruit taste and quality and to address the above mentioned issues, different training systems were evaluated to see its performance on three to four years old apple ber orchards. Plants were trained on different training systems viz. Y-Shape, Espalier training system and control. Observations were recorded on vegetative and fruit quality parameters. Training systems significantly influenced various vegetative, yield and fruit quality parameters. Vegetative parameters such as leaf area, physical and quality attributes viz., fruit weight and size, TSS, ascorbic acid, yield, and B: C ratio were better in Y-Shape training system. Hence, Y- Shape training system can be adopted to improve yield and fruit quality parameters in Apple ber.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2147
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Genetic diversity and screening for bacterial wilt in tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum)
Authors: M P Athulya, P Anitha, T Pradeepkumar, M Sangeeta Kutty, P Sainamole Kurian, P Sindhumole
Pages: 40 - 45
Abstract: Thirty-four tomato genotypes from different geographical locations were evaluated for genetic diversity and screened for bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Results revealed that plant height, fruits per cluster, fruit weight, fruit diameters, locules per fruit, fruit firmness, yield per plant, and quality parameters exhibited high heritability and genetic advance. Clustering based on D2 analysis, classified genotypes into four clusters. Maximum intra-cluster distance was recorded within cluster I and maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster II and IV followed by cluster I and IV, indicating existence of wide genetic variability. Genotypes in cluster IV (AVTO 1711, AVTO 1717 and AVTO 1718) recorded high fruit weight coupled with high yield. These may be explored as promising donors for developing large sized bacterial wilt resistant tomatoes. The large fruited genotypes in cluster IV can also contribute to the genetic improvement of existing bacterial wilt resistant varieties placed in cluster I. Out of 34 genotypes screened for BW disease, 5 genotypes were classified as resistant and 7 as moderately resistant.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2141
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- SSR analysis to assess genetic diversity and population structure in
parthenocarpy cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Manpreet Kaur, Parveen Sharma, Akhilesh Sharma, Hem Lata, Nimit Kumar
Pages: 46 - 52
Abstract: The genetic diversity and population relationship was determined in 14 genotypes of parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. In this study, fifty-nine SSR markers comprehensively showed polymorphism among cucumber genotypes. Total 252 alleles were identified with an average of 4.27 alleles per locus, while the polymorphism information content (PIC) of the primers ranged from 0.34 to 0.84 with a mean value of 0.62. The major allele frequency and heterozygosity ranged from 0.21 to 0.75 and from 0.43 to 0.89, respectively. Maximum major allele frequency was reported with primer Cs- Female-4, whereas the maximum value of polymorphic information content was found with the primer SSR11742. The dendrogram clustered genotypes into two main groups A and B with 8 and 6 genotypes, respectively. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.63 to 0.86 with maximum similarity between genotypes DDPCG3 and PLP-1, whereas minimum similarity was observed between DDPCG8 and PLP Gy-1-08B. The population structure revealed three sub-populations with some admixtures. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) with SSR markers revealed that the genotypes were uniformly distributed across the two axes in both the plots with 41.76% of cumulative variation. The genetic divergence within indigenous genotypes allow genotypic identification, gene mapping and cloning for improvement in cucumber breeding.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2146
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Transcriptome analysis and identification of leaf, tuberous root and
fibrous root tissue-specific high temperature stress-responsive genes in
sweet potato
Authors: K M Senthilkumar, Saravanan Raju, Ravi Velumani, Sridhar Gutam
Pages: 53 - 59
Abstract: Sweet Potato is an important food crop, and its production is affected by environmental stresses, including high temperature. The gene expression patterns and molecular responses in different tissues of sweet potato under high temperature stress were studied using microarray data sets. Analysis revealed that modulation in the expression of key genes and pathways associated with various proteins including enzymes under high temperature stress in leaf, fibrous root and storage root tissues. Tissue-specific responses, with both common and unique cellular responses were observed among the tissues. Pathway analysis revealed the differential regulation of genes involved in DNA replication, metabolism, transport, signaling, and stress response during high temperature stress. Six genes viz., DnaJ-domain protein (IpDnaJ), nuclear protein (IpELF5), heat shock protein 90.1 (IpHsp90.1), ABC transporter (IpABC) hydrolase (IpNUDX1) and alternative oxidase 1a (IpAO1a), were up-regulated in the leaf, fibrous root and tuberous root tissues. These six genes might play an important role in imparting high temperature stress tolerance in the leaf, fibrous root and tuberous root tissues of sweet potato. The information generated provides valuable insights on leaf, tuberous root and fibrous root tissue-specific high temperature stress-responsive genes in sweet potato. These datasets will be helpful in selecting candidate genes and pathways for further functional and genomic analyses, facilitating the genetic improvement of sweet potato with enhanced stress tolerance.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2131
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Evaluation of tuberose genotype IIHR 17-23SP-08 (IC0642158) for flower
yield, quality and response to biotic stress
Authors: T U Bharathi, Rajiv Kumar, S A Nair, R Umamaheswari, P Sonavane, D Kalaivanan, V K Rao
Pages: 60 - 66
Abstract: Tuberose (Agave amica, family Asparagaceae) is an important commercial flower crop valued for its spectacular fragrant flowers. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the single petalled tuberose genotypes for growth, flowering, flower yield, concrete yield and response to biotic stress for two consecutive years from 2020 to 2022. Tuberose genotype IIHR 17-23SP-08 was found to be superior with highest plant height (55.53 cm), early flowering (94.93 days), highest number of spikes/plant (8.47), longest spikes (114.61cm) and rachis (32.11cm) and maximum number of florets/spike (54.87). The matured bud weight of IIHR 17-23SP-08 was 1.29 g, which is preferable in the medium segment range with higher number of flower buds (725 buds per kg). It is a high yielder producing the highest number of spikes/m2 (76.20) and loose flower yield 18.88 t/ha/year among the genotypes evaluated. The genotype IIHR 17-23SP-08 was also found to be a good multiplier with the maximum bulb production of 8.94 bulbs per clump. It was found to be resistant to root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and tolerant to leaf burn disease (Alternaria polianthi) under field conditions. It was found suitable as loose flower for garland preparation with the shelf life of 2 days under ambient conditions and for concrete extraction with the concrete yield of 0.095%. It produces white buds (RHS colour: NNI55D, white group, Fan 4) with green tinge on the tip. Thus, the genotype IIHR 17 23SP 08 was found promising and novel among the single types with better flower and bulb yield parameters.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2148
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Exploring genetic diversity of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis Desf.) germplasm
using multivariate statistics
Authors: Simrat Singh, Kiranjeet Kaur Dhatt, Pankaj Kumar Bodla
Pages: 67 - 76
Abstract: Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) is a tuberous-rooted flower crop, exhibiting rich diversity in flower color and inflorescence form. The study was conducted to quantify diversity in 24 dahlia genotypes based on agronomic traits. The dahlia accessions were grouped based on their similarity for phenotypic resemblance following hierarchal clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the dahlia accessions into three distinct clusters viz., C1, C2 and C3 comprising 8, 3 and 13 genotypes, respectively. The 24 dahlia genotypes were found scattered across the whole variation observed by PC1 and PC2 (explaining nearly 55.2% of the cumulative total variation). The two-dimensional PCA analysis revealed that the most appropriate traits for grouping the dahlia accessions were plant height, flower weight, stalk length, vase life and number of flowers per plant. The study signifies the importance of germplasm collection, characterization and utilization of dahlia to popularize its commercial cultivation among the flower growers.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2149
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Assessment of genetic variability, character association and path
coefficient analysis in Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema x grandiflora Tzvelev)
Authors: Anamika Gurung, Rajiv Kumar, C Aswath, P Tejaswini
Pages: 77 - 83
Abstract: Thirty-one genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema x grandiflora Tzvelev) were evaluated for nine growth and flowering related traits to assess the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis. Significant differences among genotypes for all the growth and flowering related traits were observed through analysis of variance. The range of variation was high for number of leaves plant-1 (66.17-164.50) followed by number of flowers plant-1 (30.67-116.83). The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied. High (>20%) PCV and GCV was recorded for plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, days to bud initiation, days to first flower opening and number of flowers plant-1. Heritability estimates ranged from 77.72% (days to optimum flowering) to 96.93% (number of flowers plant-1). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for all the traits studied. Number of flowers plant-1 exhibited positive and highly significant correlation with
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2150
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Assessment of genetic diversity in China aster [Callistephus chinensis
(L.) Nees
Authors: Bhargav Veluru, Rajiv Kumar, T U Bharathi, M V Dhananjaya, T M Rao
Pages: 84 - 89
Abstract: China aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees] is a flowering annual mainly cultivated for loose flower and cut flower, bedding and pot culture. To assess the genetic diversity, 42 genotypes were evaluated for fourteen quantitative traits. The genotypes were found to be highly variable for the traits such as plant height, plant spread, flower stalk length, 100 flower weight, number of flowers per plant, weight of flowers per plant and flower yield per hectare. However, low variability was recorded for vase life and shelf life. The genotypes were broadly grouped into two clusters, which were further divided into cluster 1a, 1b and cluster 2a, 2b, respectively. All the genotypes in cluster 1a were vigorous and medium flowering, whereas, genotypes in cluster 1b were tall, erect, vigorous and late flowering. The cluster 2a comprises of the genotypes with short stature, small flower and early flowering, however, cluster 2b contains only two genotypes. In principal component analysis (PCA) PC1 was highly correlated to flower yield, weight of flowers/plant, flower stalk length and plant height and PC2 was highly positively correlated to shelf life and vase life and negatively correlated to 100 flower weight. The results suggested that the existing variation in China aster genotypes could be used for the development of trait-specific novel genotypes.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2138
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Stability analysis of yield, yield attributes and essential oil content in
fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) evaluated under a long-term organic
production system
Authors: shiv Lal, Gopal Lal, N K Meena, R D Meena, N Chaudhary, M K Choudhary, S N Saxena
Pages: 90 - 97
Abstract: Eight varieties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were evaluated under field trial for their stability of yield, yield attributes and essential oil content under the organic production system in six consecutive years from 2016 to 2021. Mean square due to environment + (variety × environment) was significant for all the traits studied indicating the existence of variety × environment interaction. Based on the mean performance, regression coefficient and deviation from regression values, it was found that stability of yield and yield components are imparted in the varieties, GF-12 and AF-1 across the years through the stable performance of characters and like numbers of primary and secondary branches, number of umbels and umbellate and seed yield. However, variety RF-101 for essential oil content can be considered as most suitable, stable and adopted to organic production system compared to other varieties. Correlation analysis revealed highly positive relationship in plant height, number of primary branches, number of umbels and umbellate per plant and seed yield. Based on the findings, fennel growers are apprised to select stable high-yielding fennel varieties for the organic production systems in semi-arid regions of India. Along with their use in hybridization programmes to converge the stability characteristics of seed yield for the development of a stable variety adapted to a wider range of environments under organic production systems.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2151
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Effect of growth regulators and micronutrients on quality parameters in
cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Lakshamipathy, J D Adiga, D Kalaivanan, H P Bhagya, V Thondaiman, Babli Mog, G N Manjesh, G L Veena, M Shamsudheen, K Vanitha, K Manjunatha
Pages: 98 - 103
Abstract: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important tropical nut crop of social and economic importance worldwide. However, the crop is threatened with the low yield. In the present study, an attempt was made to test the effects of plant growth hormones as well as micronutrients on nut and apple quality of cashew var. Bhaskara. Significant differences in kernel weight, shelling percentage, carbohydrates and starch content of cashew kernel and juice content of cashew apple were observed with the foliar application of growth hormones and micronutrients. The foliar application of ethrel @ 50 ppm increased shelling percentage (35.8%), carbohydrate content (21.63%), sugar content (6.26%), protein content (32.4%), starch content (31.42%), juice content (78.3%) and total soluble solids (120 Brix). Further, the foliar spray of zinc sulphate (0.5%) + borax (0.1%) increased shelling (36.13%), protein content (32.15%), starch content (32.03%) among all the treatments tested. Furthermore, higher cashew apple juice content (78%) and total soluble solids (120Brix) was also recorded with the foliar spray of zinc sulphate (0.5%) + borax (0.1%).
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2152
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Standardisation of fertigation in papaya for higher productivity and
profitability
Authors: B L Manjunath, Sridhar Gutam, H B Raghupathi
Pages: 104 - 112
Abstract: A field experiment conducted to standardize the fertigation in papaya (Carica papaya L.) variety Arka Prabhat with 12 treatments in split plot design, indicated that fertigation with 75% recommended fertilizers (250:250:500 g NPK/plant/year) through water soluble fertilizers recorded significantly higher fruit yield (47.34 t/ha), fertilizer use efficiency (20.45 kg fruit yield/kg of nutrient applied) and increase in 31% higher yield over soil application. The TSS of papaya fruit was although not significantly influenced by both doses and sources of fertigation, significantly lower cavity index (3.12%) was observed when RDF was supplied with organics to the soil. Fertigation with 100% RDF through water soluble fertilizers recorded significantly higher soil organic carbon (1.16%). However, fertigation of 75% RDF with inorganic fertilizers was found more economical with higher gross returns (Rs.7.10 lakh/ha), net returns (Rs.4.7 lakh/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.96)
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2133
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Influence of container, potting media and nutrients on production and
post-production consumer acceptance of potted marigold (Tagetes patula L.)
Authors: S A Nair, G R Smitha, D Kalaivanan
Pages: 113 - 121
Abstract: Production of potted plants is influenced by factors viz., type of container, potting medium, nutrient dose. A study was conducted to standardize these factors for potted French marigold var. Arka Pari. The treatments comprised of two type of containers (plastic and coir), three potting media [red soil + FYM + sand (1:1:1 v/v), Arka fermented cocopeat (AFC), AFC + vermicompost (1:1 v/v)] and four nutrition concentrations (160:30:180 ppm N:P: K, 128:24:144 ppm N:P: K, 96:18:108 ppm N:P:K and 3% Jeevamrutha) laid out in factorial completely randomized design replicated thrice. Plants grown in potting media combination of Arka fermented cocopeat (AFC) + vermicompost (1:1 v/v) along with weekly application of nutrient solution (128:24:144 ppm NPK) produced maximum number of flowers plant-1 (147.61) and registered highest uptake of nitrogen (2.87 g plant-1), phosphorus (0.53 g plant-1), potassium (3.24 g plant-1), magnesium (0.85 g plant-1) and sulphur (0.21 g plant-1). Based on the attributes of the potted plants, this treatment combination also registered the highest score (81.2 on a scale of 100), willingness of the consumers to purchase (4.5 on a scale of 5), overall acceptability (2.7 on a scale of 3) and the benefit cost ratio of 1.18.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2153
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Impact of carbohydrate metabolism pathways on bearing habit of mango
(Mangifera indica L.) genotypes
Authors: Hatkari Vittal, Nimisha Sharma, Mukesh Shivran, Neha Sharma, Anil Kumar Dubey, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Radha Mohan Sharma, Bikram Pratap Singh, Haritha Bollinedi, Mahesh Chand Meena, Rakesh Pandey, Sridhar Gutam
Pages: 122 - 127
Abstract: Heterozygosity is the major constraint in perennial fruit crop like mango for regular bearing breeding. Majority of the popular mango varieties have irregular bearing habit. Many external and internal factors affect the bearing habit of perennial fruit crops. Among internal factors, the level of carbohydrate reserves and phytohormones plays a major role on bearing habit of fruit crops like apple, citrus, mango, litchi etc., Therefore, present research work aimed to study the carbohydrate metabolism pathways in regular and irregular mango genotypes of varying origin. A total of 30 primers were designed using in silico mining of four key genes coding for citrate synthase, alcohol dehydrogenase, sucrose phosphate synthase and trehalose phosphate synthase. These genes play important role in sugar and starch metabolism in mango. Of these specific primers, 14 showed polymorphism among the genotypes studied. Gene diversity (GD), average number of alleles per locus (An), polymorphism information content (PIC) and major allele frequency (Maf) observed were 0.45, 2.14, 0.35, 0.59, respectively. Simple sequence repeats markers grouped 63.15% studied mango genotypes of regular bearers together. Further, these markers could be utilized in a greater number of genotypes for regularity.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2135
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Effect of maturity stages on the quality indices of wood apple (Feronia
limonia) and modeling of its kinetics by applying machine learning
approaches
Authors: J Goyary, C B Khobragade, S Chakraborty, A Tiwari
Pages: 128 - 137
Abstract: In the present investigation, an inexpensive and non-destructive method was tested for the appropriate maturity classification of wood apple (Feronia limonia). The investigation was conducted to establish the pronounced effect of maturity stages on the growth kinetics, physico-chemical properties, and other quality indices of wood apple. A systematic trend was observed for all the properties namely sphericity, bulk density (g/cm3), true density (g/cm3), pH, total soluble solids TSS (°Brix), titratable acidity (%) and TSS/TA ratio, etc. of the fruit. In contrast, regular changes were also observed in the color properties at various maturity stages of the wood apple. The maturity kinetics was formulated by applying recurrent neural network (RNN) in compliance with K means cluster algorithm. RNN modeling was applied by considering color property (redness value) as input and six maturity indices as the output of the formulated structure. The RNN architecture, 1-6-6 showed the best results for forecasting the wood apple maturity based on color features. Further, based on the results of the K means cluster algorithm, the maturity stages were classified into three main categories, illustrated in the form of a simplified color chart. Hence, this investigation can be useful for proper control and identification of wood apple maturity during the processing.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2155
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Manipulating female flower intensity in ‘Yu Her Pau’ Litchi by
delayed winter pruning
Authors: J Chang, L Tang
Pages: 138 - 141
Abstract: 'Yu Her Pau’ litchi (Litchi chinensis) has excellent fruit quality. However, its production on Taiwan is limited by low productivity despite being regarded as a high-quality fruit. It is known that litchi’s leaves play a critical role in floral induction under low temperature. Thus, we hypothesized that the flower intensity in spring could be manipulated by altering the leaf quality in winter, thereby increasing crop load. In this pilot study, ‘Yu Her Pau’ trees were pruned in mid-December [early pruning (EP)], one of the common cultural practices carried out by growers in the region, as control or mid-January [late pruning (LP)]. This resulted in 50% and 100% canopy foliage for EP and LP trees, respectively, between mid-December and mid-January. At the peak blooming time in March, LP trees produced significantly more female flowers than EP trees (95.8 and 56.1/panicle, respectively) with no negative effects on initial fruit set number, fruitlet abscission, or fruit quality at harvest. Our results suggest additional mature leaves present on trees in mid-December onward may benefit litchi flower formation without affecting fruit retention. Thus, preserving leaves with delayed pruning might potentially mitigate the negative impacts of warmer winters due to climate change on litchi flowering.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2156
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Stionic effects on leaf mineral nutrient contents in Pummelo (Citrus
maxima Merr.) grafted on different rootstocks
Authors: D Kalaivanan, M Sankaran, Prakash Patil
Pages: 142 - 149
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the mineral nutrients concentration in the index leaf of pummelo accessions. Index leaf samples from 25 pummelo accessions grafted on pummelo and 12 pummelo clones grafted on Rangpur lime rootstocks were collected for assessing leaf mineral nutrient status. The results revealed that pummelo plants grafted on pummelo, the concentration of leaf N (1.43-2.49 %), P (0.17-0.22 %), K (0.75-4.45 %), Ca (2.37-6.29 %), Mg (0.60-1.04 %), S (0.06-0.22 %), Fe (124-245.45 mg kg-1), Mn (9.85-50.05 mg kg-1), Zn (17-69 mg kg-1) and Cu (8.8-25.15 mg kg-1) showed significant variation with different accessions. Out of 25 pummelo accessions, twenty-four accessions were deficient in N and S, fourteen were deficient in K, four were deficient in Mn and five were deficient in Zn and all accessions were sufficient in P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu. The observed trends in the leaf nutrient concentration of pummelo accessions clearly indicated the significance of the genotypic variation when chemical analysis is used for diagnosing the leaf nutrient status of pummelo trees. Similarly, leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu and Zn varied significantly among twelve pummelo clones grafted on Rangpur lime. Among the clones grafted on Rangpur lime, 18-3 and 18-5 found to have higher and lower leaf nutrient content in most of the mineral nutrients, respectively. The leaf nutrient content of pummelo varies among genotypes, but there is no genotype that stands out in all macro and micronutrients evaluated. The N, P, K, Ca, S, Fe, Mn and Cu leaf contents in pummelo were always higher in plants grafted on Rangpur lime. However, the foliar Mg and Zn contents were continually higher in plants grafted on ‘pummelo’ compared to Rangpur lime which eventually reduces leaf yellowing/chlorosis in pummelo. Pummelo rootstocks were found to respond well in terms of Mg and Zn nutrient uptake and tolerance t...
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2157
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Physio-biochemical responses of polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.)
genotypes to varying levels of salinity stress
Authors: P K Nimbolkar, M R Kurian, K K Upreti, R H Laxman, K S Shivashankara, L R Varalakshmi
Pages: 150 - 161
Abstract: Mango genotypes that are salinity tolerant can possibly be used as clonal rootstock for sustained production of salinity sensitive commercial mango cultivars in salt affected soils. Present study was carried out to elucidate the effect of salinity stress induced by salts of NaCl+CaCl2 (1:1) at concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM on fifteen polyembryonic mango genotypes. The physio-biochemical parameters such as relative water content, chlorophyll content, epicuticular wax content, water potential (Ψ), carbohydrate content, lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation and antioxidant enzymes were determined at each level of salinity in all genotypes. On the basis of these physio-biochemical changes, the study illustrated that the polyembryonic genotypes, Turpentine, Deorakhio, Olour, Bappakkai, Vattam, Nekkare, Kurukkan, Kensington, Muvandan, EC-95862, Manipur, Sabre, Vellaikolamban, Kitchener and Mylepelian were in the decreasing order in response to salinity stress tolerance.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2158
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Optimization of explants, media, plant growth regulators and carbohydrates
on callus induction and plant regeneration in Citrus jambhiri Lush.
Authors: G S Sidhu, P K Malhotra, H S Rattanpal
Pages: 162 - 172
Abstract: Callus induction was attempted from the four explants viz. root, cotyledon, epicotyl, and leaf segments excised from in vitro raised seedlings of C. jambhiri. Among various MS media supplementations with growth regulators and carbohydrates, the maximum (95.50%) and the earliest (8.30 days) callogenesis was obtained in epicotyl segments, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA (10.0 mgl-1) + BAP (1.0 mgl-1) + sucrose (8%). The modified MS (macro and micro-nutrients reduced to half) fortified with BAP (5.0 mgl-1) + GA3 (3.0 mgl-1) recorded maximum shoot regeneration (43.10%) from callus, with an average of 5.30 shoots per callus after 35.50 days of culturing. However, prolonged exposure to GA3 resulted in thin elongated shoots and leaves. The age of the callus substantially influenced the plant regeneration frequency. The potency of the callus to regenerate decreased significantly with an increase in the age of the callus. Shoot regeneration was recorded maximum (43.43%) in 60 days old calli, followed by 90 days old (30.48%) calli, whereas it was minimum (10.46%) in 150 days old calli. The maximum (79.50%) shoot proliferation was recorded in MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mgl-1
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2159
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Standardization of sterilization protocol for explants and its suitability
for direct organogenesis in tuberose cv. Arka Vaibhav
Authors: Mahananda Patil, T U Bharathi, T R Usharani, Rajiv Kumar, B S Kulkarni
Pages: 173 - 180
Abstract: A study was carried out to standardize the sterilization protocol for different explants (terminal stem scale,
immature flower bud and tepal segment) and to select the suitable explant for the direct organogenesis of tuberose cv. Arka Vaibhav. The highest survival per cent (100) and uncontaminated cultures (0.00) of terminal stem scale explant was observed in pre-treatment with overnight soaking of terminal stem scale in the solution comprising carbendazim (0.1%), chlorothalonil (0.05%) and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (cetrimide) (0.05%) and subsequently surface sterilization with 70% ethanol (1 min), 4% sodium hypochlorite (10 min) followed by 0.1% HgCl2 (15 min). The explant immature flower bud recorded the highest survival per cent (100) and maximum aseptic cultures in the treatment T1 comprised of 1.0 drop Tween-20 + 70% ethanol (30 sec) and 1% sodium hypochlorite (3 min). Pre-treatment of tepal segment explant in 0.1% carbendazim (30 min) solution followed by surface sterilization with combination of 1.0 drop Tween-20 + 70% ethanol (30 sec) followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite (3 min) registered 91.66% of survival with the minimum contamination (10%) in the treatment. Among the three explants used, the terminal stem scale was found suitable for direct organogenesis with early greenness (5.72 days) and highly responsive to shoot induction (100%) in MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L BAP + 0.1mg/L IAA. Other two explants viz., immature flower bud and tepal segment failed to respond for direct organogenesis by shoot induction instead produced profuse callus.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2160
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Efficient in vitro plantlets regeneration from leaf explant of Haworthia
retusa, an important ornamental succulent
Authors: Thi Trinh Huong, Tuan Trong Tran
Pages: 181 - 188
Abstract: This study was conducted to establish an efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration protocol using the ex vitro leaves as explants for Haworthia retusa. Leaf tissues were cultured on liquid full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L indole 3-butyric acids (IBA) for callus induction, followed by sub-cultured to solid medium for callus proliferation. Callus was then transferred to a fresh medium supplemented with 6-benzyl amino adenine (BA) for shoot development. The result showed that the maximum rate of shoot regeneration (100%), number of shoots per explant (43), and shoot height (9.4 mm) were recorded on the solid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA and 30 g/L sucrose. IBA improved rooting, whereas, NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) causes calli to form at the base of the shoots. The half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA provided the best rooting response for the shoot. This medium formulation resulted in the highest rooting rate (100%) and the highest mean root number (5 roots/explant). The result of the present study would be helpful for the mass propagation of commercially important H. retusa.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2161
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Effect of hot water treatments on physiological and biochemical changes in
mango cv. Banganapalli during storage at ambient temperature
Authors: Anusree Anand, D V S Rao, C K Narayana, M R Kurian, K Ranjitha, K S Shivashankara
Pages: 189 - 194
Abstract: Mango fruits majorly suffers from anthracnose and fruit fly infestations during storage, transportation and marketing. Hot water treatments (HWTs) at specific levels have shown to control the incidence of these important threats. Application of HWT not only act as a quarantine measure, but also maintains the quality and enhance the marketability of fruits, even at room temperature (RT), leading to its vast applicability in local / international markets. In this study, post harvest application of HWTs (48°C for 60 min and 55°C for 10 min) in mango cv. Banganapalli recorded reduced ethylene production rate, physiological loss in weight, improved sugar content, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, phenolics and antioxidants compared to control. Combination of HWTs (48°C for 60 min followed by 55°C for 10 min) resulted in degradation of some quality parameters compared to individual HWT and control.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2162
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Post-harvest melatonin application reduced browning in minimally processed
lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) during low temperature storage
Authors: P S Gurjar, S R Singh, A K Verma, M Mishra
Pages: 195 - 200
Abstract: The investigation was carried out to assess the effect of post-harvest dipping of minimally processed fresh cut lettuce with various concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 μmolL-1) of melatonin on shelf-life and sensory quality of lettuce stored at 6±2ºC for 8 days. Melatonin treatment was found effective in maintaining freshness and sensory quality of lettuce during storage. Browning was reduced by 45% and visual quality index increased by 44.10% compared to control in 100 μmol L-1 melatonin treated samples on the 6th day of storage. Maximum total chlorophyll, total phenol and total antioxidants and least activity of browning related enzyme i.e., peroxidase (POD) was observed in 100 μmol L-1 melatonin treated samples during storage. No significant variation was observed between 10 μmol L-1 melatonin treated and control samples. Browning index value had significant negative correlation with total chlorophyll, total phenol and total antioxidants whereas POD activity had significant positive correlation. It can be inferred from the present investigation that post-harvest treatment of 100 μmol L-1 melatonin extended shelf-life of minimally processed lettuce for 6 days by preserving phenols, chlorophyll, antioxidants and inhibiting POD activity.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2163
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Dragon fruit peel extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles
and their antifungal activity against Colletotrichum truncatum causing
anthracnose in chilli
Authors: S Gowda, S Sriram
Pages: 201 - 208
Abstract: Plant extracts have been used as reducing and stabilising agents to synthesise various metal-based nanoparticles due to their cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. In the present work, a green and environment-friendly method is adopted for synthesising silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a biowaste of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) peel aqueous extract at 80ºC in an alkaline condition. The Ag NPs were characterised through various analytical and microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis spectra of Ag NPs showed a characteristic peak between 400 - 410 nm. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies confirmed spherical monodispersed particles with an average size of 7 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of silver and silver chloride among the principal elements. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra showed the crystalline nature of synthesised silver and silver chloride nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles showed potential antifungal activity against Colletotrichum truncatum spores in both in vitro conidial germination and spread plate assays. The efficacy of the synthesised NPs confirmed that these NPs could be used as potential antifungal agents against C. truncatum to control anthracnose in chilli.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2165
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Screening for resistance to gummy stem blight, powdery mildew and cucumber
green mottle mosaic virus in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.)
Standl.]
Authors: M V Dhananjaya, G M Sandeep Kumar, B Mahesha, B Varalakshmi
Pages: 209 - 215
Abstract: Investigations were carried out to identify the source of resistance in 67 bottle gourd genotypes for gummy stem blight, powdery mildew and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) diseases, under natural field epiphytotic conditions. The genotypes BG-95 (105.13), BG-114-1 (131.04), BG-114-3 (208.81) and BG-77-6-1 (221.80) were resistant for gummy stem blight with low AUDPC values, while, BG-125-5 (232.22), BG-6-3 found (250.00), BG-125-4 (307.78), BG-8-1 (308.89), BG-125-2 (311.11) and BG-124-2 (423.33) resistant with low AUDPC values for powdery mildew. Further, the two genotypes such as IIHR-19 and BG- 131 showed field level resistance against CGMMV. The selected genotypes based on field evaluation were subjected for artificial screening under glass house conditions. The genotypes, recorded consistent resistant reactions were BG-114-3, BG-77-6-1 and BG-95 for gummy stem blight disease and BG-6-3, BG-8-1, BG-125-4 and BG-125-2 for powdery mildew. The stable and durable source of resistance identified for gummy stem blight and powdery mildew in bottle gourd genotypes will hasten the process of developing resistance varieties in bottle gourd.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2166
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Seasonal incidence, population dynamics and morphometric traits of exotic
coconut whiteflies in southern Tamil Nadu
Authors: S Suriya, G Preetha, N Balakrishnan, J Sheela
Pages: 216 - 222
Abstract: Survey was conducted at fortnightly intervals to assess the intensity of damage caused by the invasive whiteflies in coconut in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli, Tenkasi and Kanyakumari from December 2020 to August 2021. Among the four districts, Kanyakumari recorded the highest whitefly incidence (56.30%), whereas, Tenkasi showed the lowest infestation (48.83%). Two whitefly species viz., rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin and bondars nesting whitefly (BNW), Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi were observed in all the surveyed districts. The rugose spiralling whitefly nymphs and adult populations were found to be highest in Kanyakumari (49.46 nymphs/leaflet; 36.99 adults/leaflet) and lowest in Tenkasi (32.76 nymphs/leaflet; 26.71 adults/leaflet). Similarly, the population of bondars nesting whitefly nymphs and adults were highest in Kanyakumari (35.31 nymphs/leaflet; 34.84 adults/leaflet), whereas, the lowest nymphal population was observed in Tenkasi (22.79 nymphs/leaflet) and adult population in Thoothukudi (24.19 adults/leaflet). In morphometric analysis, length and breadth of egg (0.24 ± 0.03 mm and 0.13± 0.02 mm), nymphal (0.83 ± 0.08 mm and 0.38 ± 0.04 mm), pupal (1.08 ± 0.09 mm and 0.70 ± 0.09 mm), adult (female: 2.59 ± 0.09mm, 1.71 ± 0.14 mm; male: 2.27 ± 0.21 mm, 1.30 ± 0.05 mm) was recorded for A. rugioperculatus and egg (0.15 ± 0.02 mm and 0.08 ± 0.01 mm), nymphal (0.46 ± 0.02 mm and 0.36 ± 0.02 mm), pupal (0.59 ± 0.16 mm and 0.41 ± 0.09 mm), adult (1.09 ± 0.08 mm and 0.73 ± 0.07 mm) for P. bondari
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2167
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Production function analysis for vegetable cultivation in Kullu valley of
Himachal Pradesh: Application of Cobb-Douglas production model
Authors: Ishita Mandla, M K Vaidya
Pages: 223 - 227
Abstract: Vegetable cultivation plays a vital role in the agricultural economy of India. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Himachal Pradesh. Vegetable cultivation is facing challenges in profitability and economical use of resources. But a limited research has been done on resource use efficiency and elasticity of production in tomato, cauliflower and peas which are the major vegetable crops grown in Kullu. The present study was carried out in Kullu valley in the year 2019-2020 and multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select sixty farmers from different panchayats and villages on the basis of area they had under these crops. The elasticity of inputs used in the production of vegetables was worked out by fitting Cobb-Douglas production function. The sum of elasticity coefficients in case of tomato (Σbi = 1.22), cauliflower (Σbi = 1.56) and pea (Σbi = 1.31) were greater than unity which is statistically significant and shows increasing returns to scale. The ratio of marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) represented by value of r, was greater than unity in tomato for plant protection (8.38) and labour (1.05) which indicated their under-utilization. Value of plant protection (0.30) on the other hand was less than unity in cauliflower, which shows its over-utilization. In case of peas, values for fertilizer (-1.09), seed (-2.44) and FYM (0.87) showed these were over utilized. It is suggested that the farmers should be trained for judicious use of resources.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2168
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Over expression of anti-apoptotic gene in banana cv Rasthali enhances
resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1
Authors: M Umesha, C Sunisha, T R Usharani, H D Sowmya, S Sriram
Pages: 228 - 232
Abstract: The most popular banana cv Rasthali was transformed with anti-apoptotic gene, AtBAG4 regulated with two different promoters viz., ZmBgl and ubiquitin to enhance the tolerance levels to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 (FOC1). The differences in gene expression driven by two promoters revealed that stronger expression of AtBAG4 gene under the ubiquitin promoter suppressed the infection and spreading processes of FOC1 in transgenic banana under standard bioassay systems. Analysis using the real time PCR showed the varying levels of AtBAG4 gene expression under two promoters. It was evident that ZmBgl driven AtBAG4 lead to lower gene expression in leaves which correlated with lesser levels of resistance to FOC1. Constitutive expression of AtBAG4 under the control of ubiquitin promoter showed increased transgene transcripts which directly correlated with the enhanced tolerance against FOC1 from seedlings stage to active vegetative phases. This study reveals the importance of constitutive expression of anti-apoptotic gene showing enhanced tolerance against the most dreaded FOC1 in highly susceptible variety Rasthali.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2169
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Spectrum of chlorophyll mutations and morphological variations in
Abelmoschus esculentus L. induced through gamma radiation
Authors: S Sasipriya, S Gangaprasad, B M Dushyantha Kumar, A Nagarajappa, H Basavaraj, B N Harish Babu
Pages: 233 - 239
Abstract: Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], is an economically exploited important traditional vegetable crop of the world. The present investigation examined the variability in induced chlorophyll mutants and other
morphological variations in okra. Seeds of two open pollinated popular varieties of okra namely Arka Anamika and Arka Abhay were irradiated with gamma doses of 30, 50 and 80 kR. The treatment 50 kR enhanced plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, single fruit weight and total fruit yield per plant. Spectrum of several chlorophyll mutants were observed in the M1 generation. Other macro-mutants such as early and late flowering types, dwarf statured plants, leaf and flower mutants were also noticed at different doses of gamma radiation. The total number of visible mutation followed a trend of increasing frequency with the increase in dose of radiation.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2170
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
- Morphological characterization of standard chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum
morifolium Ramat.)
Authors: K Abhishek, Madhu Bala
Pages: 240 - 243
Abstract: Ten diverse chrysanthemum varieties were evaluated for their suitability as cut flower, flower arrangement and pot plant. The maximum plant height at bud appearance (71.82 cm) and at anthesis (77.23 cm) was recorded in Snow Ball, while, it was recorded minimum at bud appearance (44.08 cm) and flower opening stage (48.10 cm) in Purnima. The longest duration of flowering (33.73 days) was recorded in Thai Chen Queen, whereas, the least flowering duration (23.63 days) was recorded in Swan Dance. The variety Pusa Centenary exhibited the longest vase life (22.00 days), however, the least vase life (16.00 days) was recorded in Valliant. Depending upon the compactness, medium size and vase life, Thai Chen Queen, Purnima, Pusa Centenary, Otam Blaze and Denise Oatridge were found suitable for pot culture, cut flower and flower arrangements, whereas, the varieties with big flower such as Snow Ball, Kikobiory, Sonar Bangla, Valliant and Swan Dance were identified for pot culture and exhibition purpose.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2171
Issue No: Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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