 Subjects -> GARDENING AND HORTICULTURE (Total: 37 journals)
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- Sunburn disorder in tropical and subtropical fruits. A review
Authors: Gerhard Fischer, Javier Orlando Orduz-Rodríguez, Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante
Abstract: The increase in solar radiation and temperature as a result of climate change and variability has increased sunburn damage to fruits, which highly affects quality and yield in tropical and subtropical fruit plants. Solar injuries increase because of conditions with low relative humidity, fruits left uncovered by foliage, and plantations at higher altitudes as a result of increased UV radiation. Three different types of sunburn on fruits are distinguished: photooxidative sunburn, sunburn browning, and necrosis on the epidermis. Fruits employ self-protection mechanisms against this stress through the production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Fruit growers try to mitigate the impact of sunburning by planting species and varieties that are tolerant to this stress, pruning and conducting plants, leaving enough leaves above the fruit, efficient irrigation and intercropping for shading. More technical sunburn mitigation strategies include 1) improving the microclimate (shading nets, fruit bagging, evaporative cooling), 2) suppressors (kaolinite clay particle films, calcium carbonate) or 3) chemical protection (tocopherol, abscisic acid, ascorbic acid, anti-transpirants). This paper presents the state of research and its results for this abiotic stress in some tropical and subtropical fruit trees, such as avocado, banana, citrus, mango, pineapple and pitaya, along with observations for other fruit trees in tropical altitude zones. Continued research is recommended for this stress in different varieties with the use of environmentally friendly protective materials, along with studies on molecular mechanisms that direct the acclimatization of plants to a combination of these two types of stress, excessive radiation and temperature.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15703
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
- Base temperature for a phenological stage in plum cultivar Horvin (Prunus
salicina Lindl.)
Authors: Mayerlin Orjuela-Angulo, Alfonso Parra-Coronado, Jesús Hernán Camacho-Tamayo
Abstract: The plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is affected by the amount of water provided by its environment, as conditioned by climatic factors, especially temperature. Fruit development, in terms of physiological time or growing degree-days (GDD), is more accurate than quantification in terms of crop scheduling dates. The objective of this research was to determine the base temperature (Tb) of the phenological period between fruit set and harvest in Horvin plums and to express this duration in terms of GDD to determine the harvest date. Twenty trees were marked per locality at four different altitudes (2,449; 2,285; 2,215 and 2,195 m) in the municipality of Nuevo Colon, Boyaca. During 2015 and 2016, the dates of fruit set and harvest were recorded. Tb was estimated using different methods, as well as the GDD required to go from fruit set to harvest. The variance showed the best statistical fit between coefficient of variation and standard deviation for estimating Tb, with a high degree of correlation. The Tb for this phenological period was 2.9ºC. The results showed that a mean of 1,528 GDD and 81 days were required to pass from fruit set to fruit harvest.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15179
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
- Phenology analysis growing and degree days of flower bud growth in three
Dianthus caryophyllus L. varieties under greenhouse conditions
Authors: María Fernanda Leguízamo-Medina, Elberth Hernando Pinzón-Sandoval, Helber Enrique Balaguera-López
Abstract: The production of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in Colombia is a very important economic activity. Therefore, predicting harvests is vital for the market. The phenological behavior and growth of carnations during the flowering season in the cultivars Idilio, Ilusion, and Moon light were determined in greenhouse using a functional growth analysis. This research was based on the phenological stages and accumulation of growing degree day (GDD), relating the temperature in terms of thermal time with the development of flower buds from the rice point phenological stage to cut-off point 5. There were eight stages of carnation flower bud development; rice, pea, chickpea, barrel, star, bullet, cut point 3, and cut point 5. The fresh and dry mass of the flower buds in the three varieties presented a simple sigmoid growth pattern that was adjusted to a logistic model. There were three growth phases: phase 1, which was from the pea stage to barrel stage with accumulation of 380.7 GDD in the Idilio cultivar, 381.5 GDD for ‘Ilusion’, and 361.6 GDD for ‘Moon light’. Phase 2 ended with the bullet stage, where the accumulation was 294.4 GDD, 397.7 GDD, and 293.5 GDD for ‘Idilio’, ‘Ilusion’ and ‘Moon light’, respectively. In phase 3, ‘Idilio’ accumulated 108.9 GDD, ‘Ilusion’ had 110.8 GDD, and ‘Moon light’ showed 99.9 GDD. Moon light was the earliest cultivar, and Idilio was the latest variety.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15296
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
- Effect of some edaphic conditions on physicochemical and physiological
characteristics of ‘Horvin’ plum fruit
Authors: Mayerlin Orjuela-Angulo, Saúl Dussán-Sarria, Jesús Hernán Camacho-Tamayo
Abstract: Edaphic conditions are determinant factors of fruit quality at harvest. The objective was to establish which edaphic variables influence fruit harvest and to determine the influence of these variables on some physicochemical and physiological characteristics of ‘Horvin’ plum fruits at harvest. In the municipality of Nuevo Colon (Boyaca, Colombia), records of two harvests were made in four locations during 2015 and 2016. Ten trees per row and twenty trees per location were marked, for a total of 80 trees for the four locations. For the chemical soil analyses, four samples were taken per location at a depth between 20 and 30 cm, for a total of 16 soil samples. For the physical analysis, 6 samples were taken per location at a depth between 20 and 30 cm, for a total of 24 soil samples. The results showed that the bulk density in the four locations was high, which is evidence of high levels of compaction in each location, resulting in low fruit development at harvest. A relationship was found with fruits at harvest in characteristics such as weight and diameter for some chemical variables, such as pH, phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, boron and sulfur.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15180
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
- Effect of cyclodextrin on the quality of blueberry fruits (Vaccinium
corymbosum L.) cv. Biloxi
Authors: Richard Alexander Roncancio-Chaparro, Javier Giovanni Álvarez-Herrera, Julián Mauricio Molano-Díaz
Abstract: Blueberries production has increased in Colombia due to the environmental conditions that facilitate their production, especially in areas of altitude greater than 2,000 m. Blueberry fruits are highly perishable and many producing companies do not have refrigeration systems, so the application of products to increase their conservation at room temperature is necessary. The postharvest behavior of blueberry fruits was evaluated with the application of different doses of cyclodextrin (CyDs) (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 or 1,000 µg L-1). The control fruits reached 13 days after harvest (dah), while the applications of 200, 400 and 600 µg L-1 maintained consumption quality for 15 days. The dose of 400 µg L-1 of CyDs showed the best performance in parameters such as mass loss (PM), firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), maturity ratio (RM) and respiratory intensity with respect to the control, while the application of 600 µg L-1 had the highest values of pH, total anthocyanins (AnT), luminosity (L*), chromaticity and hue. The AnT increased up to 13 dah in blueberry fruits, and thereafter, they decreased, indicating senescence and loss of nutritional value. During the storage of blueberry fruits, the values of L* decreased while chromaticity from green to red (a*) increased. The application of CyDs did not affect the organoleptic properties of the treated fruits in relation to the control, therefore, the CyDs do not affect the quality of consumption.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15398
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
- Selection of stevia elite genotypes aiming at the development of cultivars
adapted to the Brazilian Savanna
Authors: Fellipe Celestino de Castro, Fábio Gelape Faleiro, Jamile da Silva Oliveira, Renato Fernando Amabile, João Victor Pinheiro Melo
Abstract: In this work, the objective was to evaluate morphoagronomic traits, correlate and select elite genotypes of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Hemsley with high productivity, and adapted to Brazilian Savanna conditions. A total of 230 genotypes were evaluated, from the Embrapa Cerrados Working Collection, from 2018 to 2019, with 24 evaluations, carried out in six cuts, with each cut representing a certain moment of generation of the response data of the analyzed genotypes. Four traits were analyzed: green biomass production (g), plant height (cm), tillering number and juvenile period of each individual. The means of the characteristics of each genotype were correlated according to Pearson's correlation coefficient. The Mulamba and Mock index was applied, with a selection intensity of 10%, to choose the superior genotypes. There are high positive correlations between juvenile period, height and green biomass production. The selected population were 23 superior genotypes, based on the application of rank sum resulting in high selection gains for the traits of interest. Finally, the selection of elite stevia genotypes with high production of green biomass, greater insensitivity to length of the daily light period, as well as taller plants, are essential for the continuity of the stevia breeding program on the Brazilian Savanna.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14727
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
- Effect of rootstock/scion compatibility on fruit and foliar nutrient
composition in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass in Colombia
Authors: Álvaro de Jesús Tamayo-Vélez, Jorge Alonso Bernal-Estrada, Cipriano Arturo Díaz-Díez, Lucas Esteban Cano-Gallego, Oscar de Jesús Córdoba-Gaona
Abstract: There is limited information in Colombia on the effect of rootstock compatibility on the amount and concentration of nutrients in avocado cv. Hass. This study aimed to determine the effect of rootstock/scion compatibility on fruit and leaf nutritional concentration. This experiment was developed in 9-year-old commercial avocado ‘Hass’ orchards in three locations with a moderately cold climate in Colombia (Rionegro, El Peñol, and Anserma). The scion cv. Hass was grafted on rootstocks with an Antillean origin. 15 trees were selected and marked in each orchard and location, and 25 fruits per tree and per treatment were taken at random (compatible and incompatible grafting). Subsequently, the fresh and dry weight of the skin (epicarp), the pulp (mesocarp), seed, and the seedcoat were obtained. The concentration of major and minor elements was analyzed in each tissue. There was no significant effect on the concentration of nutrients in the fruits from trees with and without compatibility between rootstock and scion. Statistical differences were observed at three locations in the concentration of nutrients in the different parts of the fruit. The nutrient with the highest concentration in the four fruit tissues was K, followed by N. The seed coat had the highest concentration of nutrients for all locations. The embryo had the lowest concentration of the major elements, such as N, K, Ca, Mg, S, and P. The order of the concentration in the fruit tissues was: K> N> Mg> P> Ca> S> Fe> B> Zn > Mn. The compatibility did not show significant differences between the leaf mineral content, nor did it affect the nutrient balances for each element at the foliar level.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14833
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
- Morphological responses of Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)
plants growing in three environments at different altitudes
Authors: Andrés David Becerra, Santiago Quevedo-Rubiano, Stanislav Magnitskiy, Héctor Orlando Lancheros
Abstract: The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a promising fruit crop that has gained importance in the market because of its nutritional and medicinal properties; however, there are few studies on the optimal conditions for growth and production. In this study, the vegetative growth of Andean blueberry plants was evaluated for 200 days in three sites at different altitudes in the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia): municipality of San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.), Bogota (Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, 2,556 m a.s.l.), and Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.). For the evaluation, 2-year-old plants were used that were propagated in vitro. The experiment had a repeated measures design, with 3 treatments (locations) and 5 data collection times, with destructive measurements at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Data for leaf area per plant, plant height, stem width, number of primary branches, branch length, and chlorophyll contents in leaves were taken. The tallest plants, with the largest leaf area and most dry matter, were found at the UNAL (2,556 m a.s.l.). Morphological and physiological variations were observed in response to each of the environments, with correlations between the growth variables and the environmental variables. The highest percentage distribution of dry matter in leaves was in the plants from the Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.), while the percentage distribution of dry weight in the stem was higher in the plants from San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.). The percentage distribution of root dry weight was greater in the plants from San Francisco than those from other locations. The results indicated that the Andean blueberry plants had the most suitable conditions for vegetative growth at altitudes close to 2,556 m a.s.l.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15034
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
- Potential use of electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles on
Rice Panicle Blight Pathogen Burkholderia glumae
Authors: Giovanni Chaves-Bedoya, Hilda Angélica Padilla, Luz Yineth Ortiz-Rojas, Gabriel Peña-Rodríguez
Abstract: Burkholderia glumae is the main causal agent of Bacterial Panicle Blight (BPB) in rice (Oriza sativa L.), a disease that generates losses in production worldwide. Despite its economic importance, effective control measures and varieties of rice with complete resistance to the disease have not yet been available. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against B. glumae was evaluated. For the AgNPs synthesis, a DC power supply (UNI-T®) regulated at 24 V was used, which was connected to two cylindrical electrodes of high purity silver (Aldrich-99.99%), using distilled water as electrolyte. The concentration of AgNPs was determined by measuring the total dissolved solids (TDS) through the multiparameter HandyLab 680 FK. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles against B. glumae was determined by the method of broth macrodilution method, at different concentrations (1-10 mg L-1). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined in 5 mg L-1 of AgNPs. The results of this study revealed that AgNPs could be considered as promising nanopesticide to control BPB disease in rice.
PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.14738
Issue No: Vol. 16, No. 3 (2022)
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