 Subjects -> GARDENING AND HORTICULTURE (Total: 37 journals)
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- Effect of different sowing densities and substrates on the growth of
arugula seedlings
Authors: Janine Farias Menegaes, Tatiana Tasquetto Fiorin
Pages: e15648 - e15648
Abstract: Arugula is known for the spicy flavour of its leaves, and it is an important crop due to its high productivity and multiple harvests per year. However, seedling quality may limit its production. This study examined arugula seedling emergence and production at different sowing densities and substrate compositions. In a greenhouse, the broadleaf cultivar was randomized with a 5×3 factorial design (substrate compositions: 100% medium textured sand (SD), 100% Carolina Soil® commercial substrates (CS), 50%SD+50%CS, 75%SD+25%CS, and 25%SD+75%CS, and sowing densities: 5; 10 and 15 seeds/alveolus); with five replications. Analyzes were carried out on emergence speed index and mean emergence time, as well as on relative frequency, lengths of aerial and root parts, number of leaves, and rating scales according quality for tuft formation (or bouquets) and clod stability. All seeding densities and substrate compositions showed good seedling formation, except for the 100% SD composition, which showed low adherence in the substrate-plant-container-water system for tuft formation and clod stability. Except for 100% SD composition, an average of 70% of seedling emergence was at 9.7 d. For the production of commercial seedlings, it is indicated the use of 10 or more seeds per alveolus, and all substrate compositions tested in this study, except 100% SD.
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15648
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
- Native plants from the genus Vaccinium in Colombia and their potential
uses. A review
Authors: Stanislav Magnitskiy
Pages: e15503 - e15503
Abstract: The Andean Region of Colombia has a large variety of species with diverse ethnobotanical uses, including industrial, medicinal and food uses. Among these plants are several wild species from the genus Vaccinium, which are native to the mountainous regions of the country. This review deals with potential uses for agraz (V. meridionale) and agracejo (V. floribundum) in Colombia, focusing on the nutritional potential of these plants and their importance for food security in terms of products made from their fruits and leaves. In addition, this review looks at possible negative effects from anthropic activities and climate change on wild plants from the genus Vaccinium.
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15503
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
- Agronomic evaluation of Cannabis sativa (L.) cultivars in northern
Colombia
Authors: Hermes Araméndiz-Tatis, Carlos Cardona-Ayala, Miguel Espitia-Camacho, Andrea Herrera-Contreras, Alisson Villalba-Soto
Pages: e15695 - e15695
Abstract: Cannabis sativa (L.) is used to obtain fiber, seeds and phytocannabinoids for medicinal and recreational purposes. The commercial production of this species is limited by the lack of knowledge of the agronomic behavior and the content of phytocannabinoids, hence the need for evaluation of genetic diversity, for the selection of cultivars, in accordance with the legal provisions in force in Colombia. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and cannabinoid content of 10 cultivars, in Pueblo Bello-Cesar, northern Colombia. The study was conducted in 2022, under greenhouse conditions with polycarbonate cover and anti-aphid mesh. We evaluated 10 clones of territorial seed source, using cuttings of 13 cm in length, of female plants. The rooted cuttings were planted in 6 L bags, in a mesh house until harvest. The randomized complete block design was used, with 10 treatments and three repetitions. Each experimental unit consisted of 20 plants, with a density of 16 plants/m2, both in the vegetative and reproductive phases, with distances between plants and rows of 14 cm. Genetic variability was estimated in both vegetative and reproductive characteristics and phytocannabinoid content. Three groups of genotypes were identified, according to the combinations of alleles coding for the phytocannabinoid content: high THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), similar THC-CBD ratio and high CBD (cannabidiol), which determines their potential use, mainly in medicine.
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15695
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
- Symptoms and growth components in feijoa (Acca sellowiana [O. Berg]
Burret) plants in response to calcium, magnesium and boron deficiencies
Authors: Sebastián Buitrago, Manuel Leandro, Gerhard Fischer
Pages: e15753 - e15753
Abstract: Nutrient deficiency symptoms are widely used to determine the nutrient demands of a crop and to clarify nutritional disorders, especially when they are nutrient specific. Until now, a calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and boron (B) deficiency experiment has not been carried out on feijoa, and diagnostic symptoms have not been described. For this reason, 9-months-old ‘Quimba’ feijoa plants were studied using the missing nutrient method. A modified Hoagland and Arnon solution was applied for each treatment, leaving out one element in each treatment. The treatments were: (1) complete fertilization (control); (2) complete fertilization -Ca; (3) complete fertilization -Mg; (4) complete fertilization -B; and (5) without fertilization (negative control). Deficiency symptoms in the plants were described, and photographic records were made. The Ca deficiency was noted early in the shoot tips and later in fully-expanded, young leaves. The Mg-deficiency was observed in older and fully-expanded leaves, mainly as interveinal chlorosis, while the B deficiency generated a variety of symptoms, interveinal and total chlorosis in fully and not fully-expanded leaves and a mosaic of symptoms in adult leaves. For the growth components, the Mg deficiency reduced the number of apical shoots, while the Ca- and Mg- deficiencies reduced the seedling growth rate significantly. For future experiments, the authors suggest an experiment period longer than 102 d to achieve more conclusive results.
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15753
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
- Temporal distribution of Botrytis cinerea and its relationship to the
production of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch., Monterrey variety)
subjected to biological treatments with microbial antagonists
Authors: Mario Cano, Aquiles Darghan, Jairo Cuervo
Pages: e15284 - e15284
Abstract: In the Bogota Plateau (Bogota Savanna-Colombia), strawberry cultivation (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is established from 2,000 to 2,800 m a.s.l. In this environment the relative humidity is generally greater than 70% and the temperature fluctuates between 14 and 22°C; this is a favorable climate for the development of fungal diseases. Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is the most important disease here and fruit losses can exceed 40% of production. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the use of microbial antagonists in the biological regulation of B. cinerea and its relationship to production. Fragaria × ananassa Duch, cv. Monterrey plants were inoculated and co-inoculated (combination) at the time of transplantation with microbial consortia made up of mycorrhizal fungi, antagonistic bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum. We evaluated the temporal incidence of B. cinerea and the production of healthy fruits at 90, 180 and 270 days after transplantation. We observed a temporary increase in the incidence of the disease from 6.59 to 23.08% in the control plants, and higher values than those observed with biological treatment. Treatment with mycorrhizae showed the lowest values of B. cinerea with values from 0.89, 13.78% and the best treatment in fruit production. Inoculation and co-inoculation are an alternative for reducing the incidence of disease and for increasing fruit production.
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15284
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
- Physicochemical characterization and antioxidant capacity of quinoa
progenies from Colombia, Brazil and Ecuador produced in the Brazilian
Savanna
Authors: Wilson Anchico-Jojoa, José Ricardo Peixoto, Antônio Alves De Oliveira Júnior
Pages: e15696 - e15696
Abstract: In agroindustry, quinoa is considered a functional food due to its health benefits. However, it is necessary to identify genotypes that have better physicochemical characteristics and high antioxidant capacity for selection in breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of quinoa genotypes originating from Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador grown in the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado) environment. The sowing was carried out at Fazenda Água Limpa, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, located at 15º56' S and 47º55' W, at an altitude of 1,100m. The physicochemical analysis was performed in 2021 at the Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentação of the Universidade Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, and the antioxidant capacity analysis was carried out at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile. The moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrates (CHO), crude fiber, lipid, and antioxidant capacity were determined. The original data was submitted to analysis of variance, by the F test (P≤0.05), and the means compared by the Tukey test. Linear correlations (Fischer) (P≤0.01) and (P≤0.05) and hierarchical clustering analysis by the Ward method were performed. The genotypes showed variability in physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity. CHO was the major compound present in the seeds, exhibiting an average of 50.16%, the protein average was 15.27%, with the P88 genotype standing out with 16.28%. The lipids, fiber, and ash average content were 3.24, 14.13, 6.0%, respectively. CHO showed a positive correlation with the lipid parameter (r=0.858) and a significant negative correlation with protein (r=-0.785). The Aurora cultivar expressed the highest antioxidant activity (1.96±0.01 mg Trolox/g).
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15696
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
- Traditional use and qualitative chemical composition of medicinal plants
in the communities of Sardinata and Cúcuta in Norte de Santander -
Colombia
Authors: Erika Andrea Ascanio, Giovanni Chaves-Bedoya, Luz Yineth Ortiz-Rojas
Pages: e15527 - e15527
Abstract: Traditional medicine is part of the culture of the people, it is an expression of intangible cultural heritage that combines different traditional knowledge and practices. Medicinal plants have been used as an alternative method to conventional medicine, and their use in developing countries has been inherited generationally. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of use in traditional medicine and preliminary identification of secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants used for the treatment of ailments in two municipalities from Norte de Santander-Colombia. The research method used for the development of the project is qualitative and experimental. Interviews were conducted with 40 herbalists in the markets of the municipalities of Sardinata and Cúcuta. Experimentally, the ethanolic extract of 17 medicinal plants was obtained to identify the secondary metabolites present using the technique of thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results suggests that the secondary metabolites of higher prevalence in the most used medicinal plants are flavonoids and terpenes. Information gained from traditional and medicinal plants maintains an important cultural value and represents an alternative use for the management of ailments at low cost, highlighting the importance of phytotherapy for communities. The results of the study not only confirm the relevance of medicinal plants in the region, but also highlight the importance of continuing to research and document the applications and benefits of these plants in traditional and modern medicine.
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15527
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
- Variability, correlation, and path analysis in erect and prostrate
cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)
Authors: Hérmes Araméndiz-Tatis, Miguel Espitia-Camacho, Carlos Cardona-Ayala
Pages: e15508 - e15508
Abstract: The cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) is the most important legume in the Colombian Caribbean, and is cultivated with genotypes having prostrate growth habit, with yields that do not exceed 700 kg ha-1. Manual harvesting is very expensive for crop rotation in commercial agriculture, which is why cultivars with erect growth habit are required. The research was carried out in the first semester of 2022, in the experimental area of the Universidad de Córdoba (Monteria-Colombia). Sixteen erect genotypes and five prostrate genotypes, including the control, were evaluated under a randomized complete block design with five repetitions. Each experimental unit consisted of two rows of 5 m in length, with a distance between plants of 0.15 m and between rows of 0.40 m for a population density of 166.000 plants/ha. The results indicated genetic variability, which enables successful phenotypic selection, according to the estimated genetic parameters. Likewise, there was positive and significant correlations of performance components with yield. In addition, the unfolding of genotypic correlations by means of path analysis indicated that grain thickness is an important and easy to measure characteristic to increase yield.
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15508
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
- Technical and economic study of commercial varieties of green beans with
plastic mulch
Authors: Andrés Mauricio Ospina-Ruiz, Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar, Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre
Pages: e15733 - e15733
Abstract: Green beans are consumed worldwide due to their healthy nutritional properties. These are an important part of the modern “Grab-and-Go” diet, along with the traditional diet. Green beans are rich in protein, vitamins, fiber, folic acid and numerous minerals. In Colombia, the production of green beans is concentrated in the eastern mountain range, where there are currently low yields due to the phytosanitary problems associated with the traditional Blue Lake variety, added to the little implementation of production strategies such as plastic mulches. Thus, four varieties of green beans with plastic mulch were technically and economically evaluated. The experimental design used was complete randomized blocks with eight treatments, resulted of factors combination of the varieties (UNAPAL Milenio, Blue Lake Pole, Blue Lake National and Blue Lake S-7) and with and without plastic mulch, with four repetitions and an experimental unit of 25 plants. Planting distances were 0.25 m between plants and 1.2 m between rows for a population density of 33,333 plants/ha. The variables evaluated were: yield components, production per plant (g) and crop yield (t ha-1). The plastic mulch (black-black) had no differential effect on the agronomic behavior of the green bean varieties in the study area. The UNAPAL Milenio variety, with 9,134 kg ha-1, reached an agronomic behavior similar to the conventional Blue Lake variety with 9,717 kg ha-1. The Blue Lake variety presented the best economic behavior with a cost-benefit ratio of 1.15 and a rate of return of 14.85%.
PubDate: 2023-01-01
DOI: 10.17584/rcch.2023v17i1.15733
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 1 (2023)
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