 Subjects -> GARDENING AND HORTICULTURE (Total: 37 journals)
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- Impact of pre-harvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit
quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’
apple-
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Abstract: Abstract The ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is widely used in the apple industry as a post-harvest fumigation application to slow down the ripening process and maintain fruit quality during storage. With the development of a sprayable formulation (Harvista™, Agrofresh Inc, USA), it is becoming increasingly common in the apple industry to apply 1-MCP as a pre-harvest spray. This study investigated the impact of pre-harvest 1-MCP applied 1 week prior to harvest as a foliar application at 11.4 L ha−1 in 1000 L water, on the quality and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apples grown in the Huon Valley, Southern Tasmania, Australia. Two trials were undertaken, trial 1 examined fruit quality, flesh browning (FB) and fruit softening in 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit while trial 2 compared the respiration rate of 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit. Despite no effect on fresh fruit quality attributes, pre-harvest spray application of 1-MCP influenced post-harvest fruit quality, storability, and respiration rate of apples. Fruit treated with 1-MCP showed higher malic acid concentration (1.2 g L−1 vs 0.9 g L−1) and lower juice pH (4.6 vs 4.9) even after 7.5 months of regular air cold-storage along with a six-fold reduction in fruit softening in comparison to untreated fruit (2% vs 13%). Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCP reduced respiration rate by 32%, and incidence of CO2 injury by over 40%. The incidence of radial type (senescent related) FB was reduced by 100%. A significant proportion of treated apples still suffered from severe CO2 injury. This study has demonstrated that pre-harvest application of 1-MCP to ‘Scilate’ fruit can be useful in maintaining long-term fruit quality during storage, reducing respiration rate, and lowering the incidence of FB in general. However, the risk of severe CO2 injury remains, especially with larger fruit harvested from trees with lighter crop loads.
PubDate: 2024-08-07
- Evaluation of genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat markers and
analysis of cross compatibility in hydrangeas-
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Abstract: Abstract Hydrangeas with large inflorescences are widely used as cut flowers and in floral arrangements. However, the genetic diversity of commercially grown hydrangeas has been limited owing to the breeding focus on popular species. Therefore, this study was conducted to suggest interspecific breeding strategies for expanding the genetic diversity in Hydrangea L. by evaluating genetic diversity in the seven main species collected in Korea and analyzing cross compatibility via intra- and interspecific hybridization. Interspecific diversity evaluation using simple sequence repeat markers resulted in the segregation of 35 varieties accounting for seven species into five groups as follows: (1) Hydrangea paniculate group, (2) Hydrangea arborescnes group, (3) Hydrangea anomala and Hydrangea aspera group, (4) Hydrangea quercifolia group, and (5) Hydrangea macrophylla and Hydrangea serrata group. Cross compatibility was confirmed via intra- and interspecific crossing, and hybrids were obtained in 18 crossing combinations. Intraspecific hybrids tend to be easy to obtain, but interspecific hybrids are difficult to obtain due to a variety of factors. While most of the interspecific hybrids were obtained using ovule culture, the crossing between H. macrophylla and H. serrata created hybrids from seed sowing, indicating that H. serrata is a subspecies of H. macrophylla. Bilateral and unilateral incompatibilities were observed across the obtained hybrids. Particularly, weak bilateral compatibility was observed between H. serrata and H.paniculata. Accordingly, it was proposed that hybrids between H. macrophylla and H. serrata can be successfully used as parental materials in crossing with H. paniculata to improve cold tolerance. In addition, cross compatibility was improved in interspecific crossing using H. macrophylla and H. arborescens as maternal plants. It is anticipated that these finding will help improve the genetic diversity in commercial hydrangeas.
PubDate: 2024-08-05
- UV-C treatment elicits resistant responses against Botrytis cinerea
infection and the improvement of fruit characteristics in grapevines-
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Abstract: Abstract UV-C exhibits efficient growth inhibition against a wide range of microorganisms and has an elicitor impact on the induction of resistance against pathogens in host plants, emerging as a promising alternative to fungicides. This study examined the defense elicitor effect of both low (0.05 W/cm2) and high (0.133 W/cm2) powered UV-C (275 nm) against Botrytis cinerea on grapevines. Gene expression, total stilbene content, and the quality of the berries were assessed in ‘Kyoho’ grapevines irradiated with UV-C. Low and high-powered UV-C reduced the in vitro growth of B. cinerea by 40–50% and lowered the in vivo infection and disease severity by 40–85% in the leaves. Lesion formation was reduced by 20–50% in berries treated with UV-C. The spores of B. cinerea did not infect the unwounded berries of ‘Shine Muscat’ and ‘Kyoho’ grape treated with UV-C. The augmented levels of total soluble solids, color values, and reduced titratable acidity improved the quality of the UV-C-irradiated ‘Kyoho’ berries compared to the control. The total stilbene content was four to five times higher with 37.48 µg g−1 fresh weight (FW) using low UV-powered UV-C and 43.11 µg g−1 FW using high UV-powered UV-C in ‘Kyoho’ berry skins treated with UV-C compared to the control (9.24 µg g−1 FW), with predominant levels of trans-resveratrol. The genes involved in stilbene synthesis, defense, and antioxidant activity were strongly upregulated in the leaves and berries of grapevines in response to the low and high UV-C treatments. The low and high UV-C treatments elicit the induction of resistances in grapes against B. cinerea and improve the quality of berries. Future research will be needed on other parameters before UV-C irradiation can be applied to inhibit the incidence of grey mold in vineyards.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Growth, flowering and morphological responses of petunia, a photosensitive
plant, to light conditions in a greenhouse modified by dye-sensitized
solar cells and light-emitting diodes-
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Abstract: Abstract Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be used as greenhouse-glazing materials because of their translucent properties, varied colors, and ability to produce electricity. To assess their effect on plant growth and physiological responses, Petunia ×hybrida ‘Madness Red’ was investigated under four different light treatments: transparent polycarbonate panels (T) as the control, T + 50% shade (S), red-colored DSSCs (D), and D + cool-white light-emitting diodes (LED) (D + L). Compared to T, S increased the leaf area and the number of days to flowering and decreased the number of flowers and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD). D increased the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and the number of days to flowering and reduced the SPAD and number of leaves and flowers due to a lower daily light integral (DLI) and blue light than T. Compared to S, D increased the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight while reducing the number of leaves and flowers due to the lower blue light. D + L increased the number of leaves and flowers, flowering rate, dry weight, and SPAD but inhibited stem and leaf elongation compared to D, due to an increase in DLI and blue light. The deployment of red DSSCs in greenhouses could potentially induce unfavorable morphological and developmental responses in light-sensitive plants. However, these effects can be mitigated using DSSC-powered LED supplemental lighting.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Ability of near infrared spectroscopy to detect anthracnose disease early
in mango after harvest-
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Abstract: Abstract Determining anthracnose-infested mango can involve laborious and time-consuming assays, resulting in delayed postharvest management and decreased fruit marketability. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is proposed to detect the fungus in fully matured ‘Namdokmai Sithong’ mango. Inoculation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (1 × 106 conidia/mL) was artificially made onto one side of the fruit’s peel at the center of mango fruit while the other side was left intact. Interactance measurements were conducted at both inoculated and intact locations for 104 mango samples every 24 h until anthracnose symptoms visibly appeared. The classification approaches included a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and a conventional artificial neural network (ANN). Results of our study revealed increased absorbance values corresponding with days after inoculation. Relatively high classification accuracies were obtained from all chemometrics approaches (˃ 89%). In the early hours after inoculation (24 h), the best classification result was obtained from the ANN model (98.1%), confirming that early detection was possible. Applications of PLS-DA and ANN are discussed.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- A comprehensive analysis of gibberellic acid and prohydrojasmon treatments
for mitigating rind puffing and rind disorder of early-maturing cultivar
of satsuma mandarin-
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Abstract: Abstract Increasing climatic temperatures and precipitation in the autumn may lead to increased injury and decay during extended storage of mandarin fruits. In this study, we examined the internal fruit quality, rind color, ultrastructure of the peel, inorganic composition of albedo, and flavonoid contents of the flavedo at harvest in the early-maturing cultivar satsuma mandarin ‘Miyagawa Wase.’ Fruits were treated with a mixture of gibberellic acid (GA; 25 mg L− 1) and prohydrojasmon (PDJ; 100 mg L− 1) denoted as (GP), only GA (25 mg L− 1), and only PDJ (100 mg L− 1) in August and September. Specific gravity and titratable acidity (TA) of the GA-treated fruits were higher than those of the non-GA-treated fruits (PDJ and control), while lower ratios of soluble solids content (SSC) and TA were observed. The GA-treated fruits’ L* (lightness), a* (bluish-green/red-purple hue component), b* (yellow-blue hue component), and C* (chroma) values were significantly lower than those of non-GA-treated fruits. In particular, a* value of GP (0.5) was significantly lower than that of control (24.6). The non-GP-treated fruits had higher epicuticular wax on the peel than GP-treated fruits. The distributions of N, P, and Mg in the GA-treated fruits were higher than those in non-GA-treated fruits. Nobiletin and tangeretin contents of the flavedo were the highest in the GP treatment, followed by the GA, PDJ, and control treatments. The occurrence of rind disorder after 20 d of storage was the lowest in GP, whereas PDJ and control treatments showed 18% over. These results indicate that the combined treatment with GA and PDJ has a more substantial effect than treatment with only GA or PDJ in controlling peel ripening at harvest and rind disorder after storage in satsuma mandarin fruits.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Ectopic expression of an AtBMI1a homolog from Vitis vinifera accelerates
flowering time in transgenic Arabidopsis-
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Abstract: Abstract BMI1 is the main component of the Polycomb Group Complex 1 (PRC1), which functions as an important epigenetic inhibitor of various regulatory genes associated with shoot apical meristem, embryonic development, flowering, senescence and so on. However, its role in the regulation of grapevine development is still unclear. In order to explore the function of VvBMI1a gene in the regulation of flowering in Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, the subcellular localization, expression pattern, yeast two-hybrid, two-molecule fluorescence complementation and flowering time of transgenic Arabidopsis were analyzed. The results showed that VvBMI1a, a member of RING domain-containing proteins family from grapevine (Vitis vinifera), is involved in controlling plant flowering time. Expression of VvBMI1a was abundant in the shoot tips and inflorescence meristems of grapevine. VvBMI1a protein is localized in the nucleus. VvBMI1a could interact with VvRING1a protein which belonged to PRC1. Phenotypic analysis showed that VvBMI1a over-expression lines had earlier flowering time than wild-type plants under long-day (LD) conditions. Further analysis by qRT-PCR and transcriptome suggests that both the suppression of FLC and activation of FT, SOC1, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 5 (SPL5), AGL8 were observed in VvBMI1a-overexpressing lines, resulting in early flowering. Our results provide the evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of manipulating VvBMI1a to alter the flowering time of plants. In a word, ectopic overexpression of VvBMI1a inhibited the expression of FLC, activated the expression of FT, SPL5, AGL8 to alter the flowering time of Arabidopsis plants.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Impact of ε-PL treatment on postharvest quality of ‘Jinxiu’ yellow
peach (Prunus persica L.)-
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Abstract: Abstract To investigate the effectiveness of ε-polylysine (ε-PL) on fruit senescence related to quality and antioxidase activity in ‘Jinxiu’ yellow peach, and to explore the relationship between cold injury and antioxidant activity of peach fruit. Peaches reached an eighth mature stage were subjected to postharvest immersion treatment with five concentrations (0, 100, 300, 600 and 900 mg L−1) of ε-PL solutions for 15 min. Treated peaches were stored at (0 ± 0.5) °C and 80–85% relative humidity for 42 days. The results confirmed that the ε-PL treatment effectively reduced weight loss, delayed total color changes, reduced internal flesh browning and improved the peach quality. And this was correlated with delayed senescence, which is due to the inhibition of respiration rate and peak, decrease in MDA accumulation, reduce relative membrane permeability and PPO, and enhance antioxidase activity of the fruit. PCA analysis results identified that comparatively better response of ε-PL application on peach fruit storage quality, accompanied by the extension of cold storage time, indicating significant differences among groups. Furthermore, the 600 mg L−1 ε-PL group was better at lengthening storability; the percentage of MDA, relative membrane permeability and PPO was 19.35%, 18.54% and 30.44% lower than the control at 42 days, respectively. The group also maintain the sensory quality of the yellow peach for up to 42 days during cold storage than other groups. Consequently, these findings suggested that applying ε-PL to peach during postharvest is practical way to reduce chilling injury, delay fruit senescence and preserve the fruit quality.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Genetic diversity of Thailand reserved mulberry germplasm based on
morphological characteristics and newly developed EST-SSR and SRAP markers
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Abstract: Abstract Mulberry (Morus L.) is an important crop for the sericulture industry, serving as the primary food source for the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Thailand has a long history of practicing sericulture and has imported and improved upon many indigenous cultivars to create new hybrid offspring. It is crucial to understand the genetic divergence of these accessions for their conservation and utilization in selection and breeding. In this study, 85 representative mulberry accessions in Thailand were observed morphology and analyzed for their genetic relationships using SRAP and EST-SSR markers. The findings indicate that the morphological traits of Thai mulberry are distinctive enough to differentiate between M. macroura Miq. and wild hybrid mulberry, and a group consisting of M. alba L. and M. australis Poir., and their hybrids. 12 SRAP primer combinations produced 193 polymorphic amplicons with an average of 17.0 bands per primer set, and the mean of PIC was 0.259. Eleven novel EST-SSR primers generated 35 amplicons with an average of 3.2 alleles per primer set, and the average PIC was 0.139. The dendrogram obtained using the UPGMA algorithm in R studio showed that the wild and wild hybrid mulberry were genetically distant from the domesticated species studied here. These findings have important implications for the characterization, improvement, molecular systematics, and conservation of Thai mulberry germplasm.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Advanced assessment of nutrient deficiencies in greenhouse with
electrophysiological signals-
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Abstract: Abstract Nutrient deficiencies are one of the main causes of significant reductions in commercial crop production by affecting associated growth factors. Proper plant nutrition is crucial for crop quality and yield therefore, early and objective detection of nutrient deficiency is required. Recent literature has explored the real-time monitoring of plant electrical signal, called electrophysiology, applied on tomato crop cultivated in greenhouse. This sensor allows to identify the stressed state of a plant in the presence of different biotic and abiotic stressors by employing machine learning techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of electrophysiology signal recordings acquired from tomato plants growing in a production greenhouse environment, to detect the stress of a plant triggered by the deficiency of several main nutrients. Based on a previously proposed workflow consisting of continuous acquisition of electrical signal then application of machine learning techniques, the minimum signal features was evaluated. This study presents classification models that are able to distinguish the plant’s stressed state with good accuracy, namely 78.5% for manganese, 78.1% for iron, 89.6% for nitrogen, and 78.1% for calcium deficiency, and therefore suggests a novel path to detect nutrient deficiencies at an early stage. This could constitute a novel practical tool to help and assist farmers in nutrition management.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Hydrogen-based irrigation increases yield and improves quality of Chinese
cabbage by enhancing nutrient composition and antioxidant capabilities-
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Abstract: Abstract To meet the increasing demands for higher-value and nutrient-rich vegetables, this work aims to investigate whether molecular hydrogen (H2)-based irrigation, in the form of hydrogen nanobubble water (HNW), could improve yield and quality of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.). Field trials showed that compared to surface water (SW) irrigation (control group), HNW irrigation significantly increased Chinese cabbage yield by 32.70 ± 12.15%, and the single plant weight, height, the maximum leaf length and width were also significantly increased. Higher nutritional value, including the increased contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, mineral nutrients (P, Fe, Zn, and Cu), and secondary metabolites (total carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid), as well as decreased nitrate content and higher antioxidant capability (assessed by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values) were also observed. Molecular evidence further revealed that the expressions of genes related to Fe, Zn, and P absorption as well as ascorbic acid biosynthesis were obviously up-regulated, consistent with changes in Fe, Zn, P, and ascorbic acid accumulation achieved after HNW irrigation. These results clearly suggested that HNW might have a practical value in improving yield and quality of horticultural crops.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- The first genetic linkage map of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and
QTL mapping of growth-related traits-
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Abstract: Abstract Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a hardy deciduous shrub of the family Elaeagnaceae, is known for its economic and ecological importance due to its wide use in medicine, food, windbreaks, and sand fixation. In this study, the first genetic linkage map of H. rhamnoides was constructed based on an F1 population (H. rhamnoides subsp. mongolica ‘wulangemu’ × H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis ‘wucixiong’) by using start codon targeted (SCoT), sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The linkage map contained 1143 markers with a total length of 1889.46 centimorgans (cM), including 12 linkage groups (LG) and covering 97.17% of the estimated genome, with an average marker density of 1.67 cM. According to the phenotypic variation analysis, 61 QTLs were identified. Among these QTLs, there were 18 QTLs for seedling height, 27 QTLs for ground diameter, two QTLs for primary branching angle, 11 QTLs for leaf width, and 3 QTLs for leaf shape index. The range of phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs was 10.7 ~ 21.9%. The QTLs identified by high-density linkage mapping reported in this study will be useful for the molecular breeding of sea buckthorn.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Improvement of seed germination in winter strawberry (Rubus buergeri Miq.)
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Abstract: Abstract Seeds of winter strawberry (Rubus buergeri Miq.) germinate at a low rate over an extended period due to their hard coat and deep dormancy. This study compared the effects of different physicochemical treatments on the germination rate and duration of the germination period of winter strawberry seeds. Seeds were treated by sandpaper scarification, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) scarification, and gibberellic acid (GA3). Of these physicochemical treatments, sandpaper scarification produced the greatest improvement to the germination rate and shortening of the germination period. Treatment with GA3 also produced positive effects, albeit to a lesser level. By contrast, sulfuric acid scarification decreased the germination rate relative to the control group. Although GA3 treatment had positive effects on true leaf formation and subsequent growth of seedlings, sandpaper scarification was the most effective method of inducing true leaf formation within a short period and, subsequently, for ensuring normal growth. Sandpaper scarification of seed resulted in > 90% germination, representing an approximately 80% improvement compared with the control group by week 6. Moreover, true leaves emerged in ~ 70% of seedlings within 6 weeks. Sandpaper scarification was thus a very effective seed treatment, not only for improving the germination rate and shortening the germination period of winter strawberry seeds but also for producing healthy seedlings.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Effect of nitrogen and iron synergistic application on physiological
growth, berry quality, and flavonoid content of wine grapes-
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Abstract: Abstract This study evaluates and contrasts the concurrent application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and diverse forms of iron (Fe) fertilizer on the physiological growth and components of wine grape berries. The objective is to provide both theoretical insights and practical support to enhance berry quality and optimize wine fermentation processes. Eight treatments were established encompassing two main treatments (without urea and with urea application) and four sub-treatments (ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, EDTA-Fe, and ferric citrate). Results indicate that the synergistic application of N fertilizer and chelated Fe fertilizer significantly improves the photosynthetic characteristics of grape leaves, leading to a remarkable enhancement in leaf chlorophyll content (13.7–83.9%). Moreover, the combined application of N and Fe fertilizers significantly boosts berry tannin levels (11.2–21.5%), anthocyanins (2.8–117%), and total phenols (1.9–41.2%). Additionally, there is a notable increase in the relative abundance of amino acids and flavonoids, contributing to an augmented yield (3.9–36.1%). Correlation analysis suggests that the synergistic application of N and Fe improves berry quality by augmenting N and Fe content in the leaves, promoting photosynthesis, improving water-use efficiency, and increasing leaf chlorophyll content. Overall, the comprehensive score of the principal component analysis reveals that the synergistic application of N fertilizer and chelated Fe fertilizer has the most significant effect, leading to substantial improvements in the quality and yield of the berries. These findings provide critical theoretical support for future fertilizer strategies aimed at enhancing the quality and nutritional value of berries and wine.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Mining of differentially expressed genes from Korean wild grapes
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Abstract: Abstract Grapevine leaf rust (GLR) caused by Phakopsora euvitis is a serious disease that results in severe leaf necrosis and early plant defoliation. This study sought to understand the plant host response against GLR at the molecular level and select useful genes for the breeding of resistant grapes. Hence, transcriptome analysis was conducted in two pathogen-inoculated Korean wild grape genotypes, namely, Vitis coignetiae Pulliant (Vc) and V. flexuosa Thunb (Vf), resistant and susceptible to GLR, respectively. RNAs were extracted from uninfected and infected leaves 24 h post-inoculation (hpi). In transcriptome analysis, a total of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 3979 and 2436 in the resistant and susceptible genotypes, of which 1765 and 1162 were up-regulated, and 2214 and 1274 were down-regulated, respectively. The top five up-regulated genes in Vc compared to Vf were homolog of carrot EP3-3 chitinase, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL)-interacting protein kinase 20 (CIPK20), chalcone and stilbene synthase family protein, osmotin 34, and major latex protein (MLP)-like protein 423 (MLP423). The five most down-regulated genes in Vc compared to Vf were RADIALIS (RAD)-like 1, flavonol synthase 1, glutamine synthetase 2, RAD-like 6, and GDSL-like lipase/acylhydrolase superfamily protein, which were validated for their expression by real-time PCR. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, most of the up-regulated genes in Vc were associated with metabolic processes, whereas, most of down-regulated genes in Vf were associated with catalytic activity. The down-regulated genes in Vc and up-regulated genes in Vf were mostly associated with metabolic processes and catalytic activity. Defense-related genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses were differentially expressed against the infection by the pathogen. This is the first report on the transcriptome analysis of grapevines in response to GLR and provides a basis for further studies on the discovery of resistant genes and the development of GLR-resistant grapevine varieties.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
- Korean flowering cherry (Prunus × yedoensis Matsum.) response to elevated
ozone: physiological traits and biogenic volatile organic compounds
emission-
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Abstract: Abstract Ozone (O3) absorption through leaf stomata disrupts plant physiological processes, prompting various defense mechanisms to mitigate O3-induced harm. This study measured parameters including cell structure, gas exchange, carbon assimilation, lipid peroxidation, and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions to evaluate the physiological impact of Prunus × yedoensis under elevated ozone (E-O3) exposure. The seedlings exhibited a slight stimulatory effect during the early phases of E–O3 exposure; however, E–O3 beyond a specific threshold significantly and negatively affected photosynthetic parameters, pigment content, and potential antioxidant capacity, and E–O3 was significantly correlated with the BVOCs emission rate. After three weeks of E–O3 exposure, no significant differences were observed in leaf stomatal appearance in the field emission scanning electron microscopy results, but according to the results of leaf mesophyll cell ultrastructure, grana degradation, membrane decomposition, cell wall thickening, wart–like protrusion formation, and increased plastoglobulus density within the chloroplasts were observed. Chlorophyll content significantly decreased by 38.71%, and solute leakage increased by 20.57% in the E–O3 group. The net photosynthetic rate was almost two times lower with E–O3. In contrast, there were no significant differences in stomatal conductance. In conclusion, E–O3 can induce a hormetic stimulatory effect during the early exposure phase. However, when the critical threshold is exceeded, O3 adversely affects the physiology of P. × yedoensis seedlings. Therefore, E–O3 is a harmful air pollutant that hinders the growth of woody plants, and urban trees require the continuous management of O3 phytotoxicity.
PubDate: 2024-07-19
- Morphophysiological and biochemical investigation of the potential of
citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) rootstock under
different irrigation regimes-
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Abstract: Abstract Drought has emerged as a significant abiotic stress in vegetable production. Sweet watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) is susceptible to drought stress (DS) and requires adequate irrigation for optimal yield and quality. The current study sought to shed light on the potential of citron watermelon as a rootstock for watermelon by studying changes in its morphological and physio-biochemical features under deficit irrigation. Crimson Tide F1 (CT) was grafted onto ten morphologically distinct citron watermelon (CW) rootstocks, with Strong Tosa (ST) commercial rootstocks and nongrafted (NG) and self-grafted (SG) Crimson Tide F1 serving as plant material. We used three irrigation (I) levels (I100, I75, and I50) while investigating multiple agronomic and biochemical properties. Increasing water stress negatively affected several plant growth parameters in watermelon. Furthermore, I50 inhibited photosynthesis and pigment content, increasing malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leaf temperature, and membrane permeability. I50 significantly reduced stomatal conductance and leaf relative water content. Rootstocks responded differently to irrigation regimes and had varying water use efficiency (WUE). Based on the evaluated parameters, we classified ST, CW9, CW16, and CW17 as tolerant; CW4, CW6, CW8, CW11, CW13, CW14, and CW15 as moderately tolerant; and CT as highly susceptible. Combining I75 and citron rootstock will benefit targeted watermelon production and provide significant water savings for sustainable agriculture.
PubDate: 2024-07-17
- Correction to: Morphology-based genetic diversity analysis reveals
introgressive hybridizations obscure species boundaries of three wild
roses endemic to Taiwan Island-
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PubDate: 2024-07-10
- Classification of dormancy types and breakout conditions in Reynoutria
sachalinensis exhibiting seed dormancy polymorphism-
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Abstract: Abstract Reynoutria sachalinensis is an herbaceous plant that has gained attention as a promising functional ingredient in bio-health. However, information on the propagation of this plant remains limited, and information on the germination and dormancy characteristics of R. sachalinensis seeds native to Korea is yet to be established. This study aimed to determine the optimal method for breaking dormancy by classifying the dormancy types in R. sachalinensis seeds collected from Ulleungdo. Initial observations revealed that R. sachalinensis seeds exhibited water permeability and fully developed embryos. However, further investigation into seed dormancy was warranted due to the low germination percentage of less than 20%. To address this dormancy, a cold stratification treatment lasting four weeks was employed, which confirmed the presence of physiological dormancy (PD) in R. sachalinensis seeds. Additionally, prolonged after-ripening, without any special treatment, led to the loss of dormancy. Both treatments demonstrated that the dormancy of R. sachalinensis seeds could be overcome by alternative methods for non-germinated seeds. Accordingly, scarification was used to treat seeds whose dormancy was broken by after-ripening, and all viable seeds germinated. Therefore, it is assumed that R. sachalinensis seeds have two types of PD—non-deep and intermediate, exhibiting polymorphism as an adaptive strategy to thrive in challenging environments. Through this study, the scope of industrial use can be expanded based on stable and uniform seedling production by establishing conditions that efficiently break dormancy in R. sachalinensisseeds that exhibit polymorphism.
PubDate: 2024-06-28
- Alleviation of irrigation water salinity impact on the growth and yield of
sweet potato by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria inoculation-
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Abstract: Abstract The present study investigates the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation to enhance sweet potato growth and yield under irrigation saline water conditions in the 2021 and 2022 seasons. The PGPR strains (Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus megatherium) were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants growing in saline soil, and sweet potato plants were inoculated with a mixture of these PGPR strains in equal volumes. A field experiment was designed and performed in a split-plot design to determine the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, yield, and tuber content of starch, vitamin C, and total soluble sugars of sweet potato plants under three different saline irrigation water conditions (1.90, 4.70, and 6.25 dS∙m⁻¹). The results demonstrated that increasing irrigation water salinity levels substantially reduced plant vine length, branch number, leaf number, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, tuber root number per plant, tuber root weight, and tuber yield and, meanwhile, enhanced starch, vitamin C, and total soluble sugars content. The PGPR inoculation dependently enhanced all the aforementioned parameters. However, it did not significantly impact the starch and vitamin C content of the tuber under irrigation water salinity-affected conditions. Overall, these results suggested that the PGPR inoculation of sweet potato plants can alleviate the harmful effects of saline irrigation water stress on plant growth.
PubDate: 2024-06-14
DOI: 10.1007/s13580-024-00598-3
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