JournalTOCs

Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.441

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 11

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 2211-3452 - ISSN (Online) 2211-3460
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

Correction to: Prediction of strawberry fruit yield based on
cultivar-specific growth models in the tunnel-type greenhouse
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  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Correction: Antioxidant activity of edible sprouts and phytosterol
contents by HPLC/UV analysis
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  PubDate: 2023-06-01
De novo transcriptome assembly for the basal angiosperm Illicium anisatum
provides insights into the biosynthesis of shikimate and neurotoxin
anisatin
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  Abstract: Illicium anisatum, an ancient angiosperm belonging to the ANITA grade, contains abundant plant metabolites with antimicrobial activity, including shikimate and sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) such as anisatin. The aim of this study was to generate a full-length transcriptome resource for identifying genes related to the shikimate and STL biosynthetic pathways in I. anisatum and for studying the evolution of Illicium species. We performed RNA isoform sequencing of I. anisatum leaf, stem, flower, and floral bud samples and annotated the assembled transcripts based on a homology search. A total of 148,593 transcripts with an average length of 2.2 kb and high assembly completeness were generated. Functional pathway analysis revealed the evolutionary conservation of the shikimate and aromatic amino acid (AAA) biosynthetic pathways in I. anisatum and the upregulation of genes that encode chorismite synthase, which is highly associated with the production of shikimate and serve as a precursor for the biosynthesis of AAAs, in floral organs. I. anisatum germacrene A oxidase (IaGAO) and germacrene D synthase (IaGDS), which participate in STL biosynthesis, showed evolutionary divergence from their homologs in the plants of the family Asteraceae, and their genes were mainly expressed in flower organs. Interestingly, alternative splicing isoforms of IaGDS transcripts were found, probably resulting in differential expression in flower and floral bud. We also constructed a map of the I. anisatum chloroplast genome. Isoform sequencing provided a high level of transcriptome assembly completeness and gene annotation and enabled effective prediction of protein domains. The reported long-read sequencing-based de novo assembly of the I. anisatum transcriptome should aid in exploring genes related to the shikimate and STL biosynthesis pathways and associated molecular mechanisms in Illicium species.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Morphological and anatomical characterization of colchicine-induced
polyploids in watermelon
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  Abstract: This study aimed to elucidate the effective colchicine concentration to induce polyploidization distinction based on morphological and anatomical features in watermelon. Watermelon seeds were soaked in different colchicine concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5%) for several durations (24, 48 and 72 h) to induce polyploidization. Putative polyploids were evaluated regarding their morphological and anatomical traits compared to diploids (control). A colchicine concentration of 0.5% for 72 h resulted in the lowest germination percentage with high mortality in putative polyploids compared to in diploids. Morphological traits revealed vigorous growth in putative tetraploids with slower germination speeds, whereas the putative octoploids had suppressed growth compared to tetraploids and diploids. Regarding reproductive biology, the petal number (6), pollen size and viability were remarkably higher in induced polyploids, which confirmed successful tetraploid induction by 0.5% colchicine treatment for 72 h. Similarly, a bigger stomatal size with a lower density was also noticed in induced tetraploids compared to in diploids using the same treatment after anatomical analyses. Meanwhile, a PCA and correlation matrix illustrated that, among the 20 variables, polyploid induction efficiency (PIE), leaf length (LL), guard cell distance (GCD), and pollen viability (PV) were recognized as the most effective morphological and anatomical indicators for successful polyploid induction confirmation with colchicine in watermelon. The present findings provide a basis for distinguishing colchicine-induced polyploids as improved genetic resources to enhance seedless triploid breeding in watermelon.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Transcriptomic analysis of tomato growth inhibition in response to an
aqueous extract from soil continuously cropped with okra
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  Abstract: A single-tillage system, monocropping, and the excessive pursuit of economic efficiency have exacerbated impediments to continuous cropping in greenhouse production systems. Crop rotation is an effective strategy to avoid the deleterious impacts of continuous cropping. However, in practice, the rotation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) inhibits the growth and fruiting of tomato. To explore the mechanism by which tomato growth is disrupted, tomato seedlings were grown for 9 days in nutrient solution supplemented with an aqueous extract (0, 250, or 500 mg/mL) from soil continuously planted with okra for 10 years. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and physiological and biochemical analyses were conducted to characterize the response. In total, 4035 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the leaves. Compared with the control, 3239 and 2990 DEGs were detected in the leaves of seedlings treated with 250 and 500 mg/mL extract, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the DEGs participated in diverse biological processes, such as chlorophyll metabolism and lignin biosynthesis. The expression of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes was significantly inhibited, whereas chlorophyll decomposition-related gene expression and H2O2 content were promoted by the soil extract, which was not conducive to normal chlorophyll metabolism. The soil extract significantly increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and the transcript levels of lignin biosynthesis-related genes (PAL, HCT, CYP98A, CCoAMT1, CCoAMT2, CCR1, and CAD2), thereby promoting lignin biosynthesis and accumulation to enhance stress resistance, but the extract reduced 4CL1, CCR2, and CAD1 expression. The results from this study suggest that the soil aqueous extract is not conducive to normal chlorophyll metabolism in tomato leaves. Although tomato plants exposed to stress are capable of enhanced lignin synthesis through self-regulation to maintain higher water transport efficiency and stress resistance, long-term treatment is ultimately detrimental to lignin biosynthesis.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutritional needs of halophytes for
saline aquaponics
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  Abstract: To evaluate the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of Salicornia neei, Apium graveolens and Paspalum vaginatum for use in saline aquaponics, plants were hydroponically cultivated with distinct concentrations of sole and mixed nitrogen forms, under low and high phosphorus concentrations. The low nitrogen concentration (0.2 mg L− 1) caused inhibition of many growth parameters. All species can take up both nitrogen forms, but S. neei and A. graveolens prefer nitrate. The high ammonium concentration as the sole nitrogen form (10 mg L− 1) negatively affected S. neei and A. graveolens, and the toxicity may be explained by rhizosphere acidification, since the negative effect was relieved by increasing the nutrient solution pH. Paspalum vaginatum was not sensitive to the high ammonium concentration. Mixed nitrogen forms resulted in plentiful growth of all species, which increased markedly towards the nitrate rich treatment. High ammonium might be applied once the nitrate concentration is ≥ 10 mg L− 1. Phosphorus was not an issue but may limit S. neei and A. graveolens production under a highly nitrifying condition in the water, a common feature of intensive aquaculture systems.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Effects of kaolin particle film coatings on the water-saving efficiency
and fruit quality of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grape plants
in the Ningxia region of China
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  Abstract: Water is the main limiting factor for plant growth, especially in arid areas where viticulture requires extremely high amounts of water. The leaves of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L.) in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, were sprayed with kaolin particle film (KPF) before the color change of grapes in 2020 and 2021. The study aimed to determine ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes photosynthetic index, water use efficiency, and the ripening fruit’s primary physicochemical index and phenolic content. KPF had no significant effect on overall plant growth indicators and yield of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. In contrast, reduced their net photosynthetic rate (27.45-40.57%), stomatal conductance (34.23-72.5%) and transpiration rate (30.94-72.34%) under deficit irrigation; thereby improving water use efficiency (18.45-64.40%). KPF increased reducing sugars (4.19-11.74%) and soluble solids (2-16.09%) in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes while reducing the 100-berries weight and titratable acid of the grape. Moreover, it increased the anthocyanin content (4.71-29.23%) of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape skins and decreased the total phenolic content. KPF spraying significantly decreased in total flavonoids, flavanols and total phenols under deficit irrigation, however, no significant effect was observed on tannins in the seeds. Spraying KPF increased the overall content of monomeric anthocyanins compared to the no-sprayed controls. These results suggest that KPF can improve the water use efficiency of Cabernet Sauvignon grape plants and alter the total flavonoid content (TFo), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total flavanol content (TFa)and total phenolic content (TPC) of the grapes. Thus, KPF has the potential to be applied as an anti-transpirant agent to improve water conservation and fruit quality in arid and semi-arid regions.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Field evaluation of CRISPR-Cas9-driven brachytic and jointless pedicel
tomatoes identifies an association between the high extra-large-sized
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  Abstract: Fresh-market tomato is one of the most important vegetables in the United States (US), and novel, cost-effective labor solutions are an important issue in current fresh-market tomato production. The shortened stem driven by the brachytic (br) and the jointless pedicel driven by the jointless2 (j2) are two important traits that would contribute to knowledge-based breeding; based on these traits, an appropriate plant architecture can be designed for ground cultivation systems that will ultimately enable mechanical harvesting. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CRISPR-Cas9-driven shortened plant architecture and jointless pedicel on the yield and horticultural performance of fresh-market tomatoes using a ground cultivation system in an open field. We conducted field trials during three successive seasons in 2020 and 2021 using the fresh-market tomato variety Fla. 8059 (a non-brachytic jointed pedicel tomato; BR/BR:J2/J2; wild-type) and its three different CRISPR-Cas9-driven mutants, a brachytic jointed pedicel Fla. 8059 (br/br:J2/J2), a non-brachytic jointless pedicel Fla. 8059 (BR/BR:j2/j2), and a brachytic jointless pedicel Fla. 8059 (br/br:j2/j2). Field evaluations confirmed that the total yield of the mutants was not significantly different from the yield of the wild-type. However, there was a significant association between the high extra-large-sized fruit yield of the br mutant and the j2 mutation. Field evaluations also revealed a clear positive impact of the br mutation on the high proportion of fruits laying on the raised plastic bed. Our results contribute to the optimization of fresh-market tomato architecture for developing shortened jointless pedicel varieties and the adoption of low input management practices.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Different combinations of red and blue LED light affect the growth,
physiology metabolism and photosynthesis of in vitro-cultured Dendrobium
nobile ‘Zixia’
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  Abstract: The aims of this study were to evaluate how different light qualities alter the physiological and biochemical characteristics, of Dendrobium nobile. To determine the best light quality for in vitro culture of D. nobiles plantlets, the relationships between growth, antioxidant capacity, nutrient and chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence were evaluated. Growth under five Light-Emitting Diode (LED) light treatments, red light (R), blue light (B), 8R:2B, 7R:3B, and 5R:5B, were compared to white fluorescent light. The 8R:2B and 7R:3B mixtures of red and blue LED light were beneficial to root number, root length, root activity, fresh and dry weight, antioxidant ability, and chlorophyll content and fluorescence. The carotenoid content and ΦPSII significantly correlated with root length, while NPQ significantly correlated with root activity, length of root, fresh and dry weight and SSC. qP was significantly correlated with fresh and dry weight and the activities of FPC, POD and APX. Comprehensive scores, derived from Principal Component Analysis (PCA), of the plants grown under the 8R:2B and 7R:3B light treatments were similar to each other, while significantly higher than plants grown under the other light treatments. In conclusion, D. nobile seedlings grown under 8R:2B and 7R:3B exhibited suitable plant architecture for the controlled environment.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Mutation in the GA3ox gene governs short-internode characteristic in a
korean cucumber inbred line
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  Abstract: Here, we identified a new natural mutant, si-2, from a Korean cucumber inbred line. The genes responsible for dwarf (DW) and/or short internode (SI) in cucurbits were selected and used to identify the gene(s) controlling the si-2 phenotype. We evaluated the transcript levels of the candidate genes between wild type (WT) and si-2 mutant and identified sequence polymorphism from the differentially expressed genes between the WT and si-2 mutants. Finally, we identified that CsGy7G019320 encodes GA3ox (gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1-like protein) with an SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism; A ◊ G) in an intron and a 20 bp deletion in the si-2 mutant. This fact strongly speculates that the GA3ox-mediated gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway could be involved in the si-2 mutant. It is well known that GAs have a significant impact on plant growth and development. In the si-2 mutant, a 20 bp deletion in the promoter may abolished the transcript levels of CsGy7G019320. Promoter analysis indicated that the 20 bp deleted promoter sequence of CsGy7G019320 may be considered as the AT-hook protein binding site. Although the involvement of the genes encoding GA3ox and AT-hook protein in GA signaling has been well identified, a 20 bp deletion in the promoter sequence of GA3ox in cucumber has not been revealed in other studies. Our data suggests that a mutation in the promoter sequence of CsGy7G019320 caused the si-2 mutant phenotype by suppression of GA3ox expression, possibly leading to decreased GA content in cucumber.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
The miR156x + p/SPL13-6 module responds to ABA, IAA, and ethylene, and
SPL13-6 participates in the juvenile–adult phase transition in Pyrus
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  Abstract: Perennial woody fruit trees usually have a long juvenile period, which greatly restricts the breeding process. The miR156/squamosa promoter binding protein-like (SPL) module and hormones participate in phase transition. To determine which miR156s and SPLs play roles in the juvenile–adult phase transition in pear (Pyrus) trees, and whether hormones affect the expressions of miR156 and target SPLs, we constructed and sequenced juvenile and adult sRNA libraries and then analyzed the expression patterns of differentially expressed miRNAs/targets pairs in the process of ontogenic development as well as under abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and ethylene precursor 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) treatments. SPL13-6 was identified as a candidate gene, and the function of its product was verified in transgenic Arabidopsis. Compared with in the juvenile phase, 65/62 miRNAs were up-/down-regulated in the adult phase, including two miR156 members, miR156x and miR156p. According to the mRNA database for the juvenile–adult phase transition, 11 pairs of miRNAs/targets participate in the juvenile–adult phase transition, including four pairs of miR156/SPLs. With ontogenic development, the expression level of miR156x + p decreased and those of four SPLs increased. ABA and IAA inhibited the expression of miR156, while low and high concentrations of ACC increased and decreased miR156 expression, respectively, compared with control levels. Among the four SPLs, SPL13-6 displayed an opposite expression patterns compared with that of miR156 under hormone treatments. Overexpression of SPL13-6 in Arabidopsis resulted in earlier abaxial trichome production and flowering phenotypes compared with the wild-type phenotype. These results suggest that the miR156x + p/SPL13-6 module responds to ABA, IAA, and ethylene and that SPL13-6 participates in the juvenile–adult phase transition. This research lays a foundation for further studies on regulation mechanisms involved in the juvenile–adult phase change in pear trees.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Comparative study of strawberry growth and fruit quality parameters in
horizontal and vertical production systems
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  Abstract: Innovative farming technology for alternative and sustainable production has been intensively popular in the last few decades. Therefore, the scientific community deeply attracted their technology under a vertical cultivation system. Moreover, scanty research on the strawberry plant growth and fruit quality compared with the horizontal and vertical systems. To analyse the significant effect on the growth and fruit quality in the cultivation system, four treatments as vinyl greenhouse single-layer system (T), single-layer glasshouse (T1), double-layer glasshouse (T2), and triple-layer glasshouse (T3) vertical production systems were assayed. Morphometric parameters like a strawberry leaf and soil moisture and chlorophyll content were measured. Subsequently, biometric characteristics such as fruit weight, major axis length, and medium axis length were measured, and yield attribute parameters like the number of fruits per plant and fruit quality parameters such as pH and total soluble solids (TSS) were measured at the end of the reproductive stage sixteen weeks after planting. The effects of horizontal and vertical production systems on strawberry growth and productivity were analysed using completely randomized block designs by analysing the variance with a significance level of p < 0.05. Consequently, T3 attained the maximum leaf moisture content, soil moisture content, chlorophyll content, number of fruits per plant, TSS content, and biometric characteristics such as fruit weight, major axis length, and medium axis width, followed by T2, T1, and T, respectively. However, a high pH value of strawberries was observed at T due to the low assimilate photosynthates implying low acids production. Comparing the relative strawberry growth and fruit quality at the horizontal single-layer greenhouse and vertical glasshouse system under the same conditions, T3 implied better performance. The adaptation of the triple-layer glasshouse (T3) vertical structure is a better source for strawberry production under the same conditions, according to this study.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Comparative effects of mineral fertilizer and digestate on growth,
antioxidant system, and physiology of lettuce under salt stress
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  Abstract: Salt stress in plants presents a major challenge to future agricultural production. Digestate has various effects on plant growth, but little information is available on its effects on the antioxidant system and physiological characteristics of lettuce under salt stress. In this study, the impacts of mineral fertilizer and digestate application on edible parts of lettuce were compared under three salinities. Experimental treatments comprised application of two types of fertilizer (mineral fertilizer and digestate) and three NaCl concentrations (0, 3, and 7.5 dS m− 1). High NaCl concentrations resulted in significantly lower photosynthesis, growth, and physiological indices compared with those under no NaCl addition. However, under the 7.5 dS m− 1 NaCl condition, digestate application (DA) increased the fresh weight (42%), dry weight (27%), photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthesis (20%) of lettuce compared with that under mineral fertilizer application (MFA). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species was markedly lower, and the membrane stability index was therefore higher, under DA compared with under MFA within the same salinity level. Lipid peroxidation was lower under DA compared with under MFA in all salinity treatments. Salt stress up-regulated the antioxidant system and DA further increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capability compared with that under MFA. In addition, the total water use was lower and water-related indices, such as water use efficiency of fresh weight, water use efficiency of dry weight and relative water content, were higher under DA compared with under MFA. The application of digestate instead of mineral fertilizer could be a promising practice to alleviate the negative impact of salt stress on the productivity and physiological characteristics of lettuce plants.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Comparing heat unit requirements for flowering and fruit harvest of
cucumber in open field, shade net and greenhouse conditions
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  Abstract: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is cultivated in a wide range of growing environments, and the time from planting to flowering and harvest varies depending on the environment. Studies were conducted to assess flowering and harvest time of three cucumber cultivars grown in parallel under open field, net house and two passive solar greenhouses representing varying thermal regimes. Depending on environment and cultivar, the number of days to flowering varies as much as 41-days, and 61-days difference in first harvest was observed. Total accumulated heat units (HUs) from transplanting to the onset of flowering and first harvest varies significantly under the four production environments. Comparison of seven methods of calculating HUs results in different trends when compared with days to flowering and harvest. The cucumber yield of all the three cultivars followed the same order from high to low: polycarbonate greenhouse (3.7 ± 0.2), polyethylene greenhouse (3.1 ± 0.2), red shade net (1.4 ± 0.4) and open field (1.0 ± 0.2 kg per plant). However, the HUs computed using the seven methods did not follow the same order. Any attempt to explain the flowering and fruit harvest of a particular cultivar using a temperature model alone is an over-simplification. However, when sufficient information is not available and crops are grown under varied production environments, we suggest that calculating growing degree days (GDDs) is a reliable method to determine date of flowering and crop yield in high mountain trans-Himalayan region.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Microstructural and histochemical modifications in leaves at successive
stages of in vitro development of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis
plicata Blume
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  Abstract: Substantial progress has been made in the micropropagation of orchid species using biotechnological interventions, but the commercial viability of the technique has been hindered by increased mortality of plantlets out of culture vessels. This is attributed to the development of in vitro-induced structural and physiological abnormalities in the plantlets. This research investigated the chronological series of foliar microstructural and histochemical responses at the microscopic level during various stages of plantlet development in Spathoglottis plicata, an important terrestrial orchid. Plants that were grown under in vitro heterotrophic conditions displayed underdeveloped foliar anatomical and histochemical traits such as a thin cuticle, unorganized epidermal cells, and fewer mesophyll tissue density and vascular elements with reduced deposition of lignins, cutin, pectin, tannins, and polyphenolic compounds. Ex vitro hardening of the plantlets in a mixotrophic environment improved the development of the cuticle and histochemical traits, created a uniform epidermal layer, increased mesophyll and vascular elements. The field-developed plants had well-developed dermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems along with increased deposition of primary and secondary metabolites. These gradual changes positively impacted the microstructural and physiological status of in vitro-propagated plantlets of S. plicata to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses in field conditions. This study suggests that subsequent hardening and an acclimatization period would enhance the structural and histochemical parameters of in vitro-propagated S. plicata plants resulting in the production of healthy regenerants with 100% survival success.
  PubDate: 2023-06-01
Characterization of 14-3-3 gene family and their expression patterns under
abiotic and biotic stresses in melon (Cucumis melo L.)
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  Abstract: Several studies have shown that the plant 14-3-3 gene family plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as its response to abiotic and biotic stresses. At present, the 14-3-3 gene family has been found successively in many plants; however, no detailed characterization and expression profiles of the 14-3-3 gene family are found in melon. Thus, the author performed genome-wide identification, characterization and expression pattern in different tissues and under various abiotic and biotic stresses by analyzing the published RNA-Seq raw data from NCBI database. Nine 14-3-3 genes in melon were identified and classified as non-epsilon and epsilon groups based on the orthologs of Arabidopsis 14-3-3 genes and dispersedly distributed on five chromosomes. The majority of melon 14-3-3 members contained 300 amino acids or less, which might localize in the nucleus. Members of the epsilon group commonly contained more exons or introns than those of the non-epsilon group. Gene duplication analysis indicated that segmental duplication was dominant in the expansion of the melon 14-3-3 family. Many cis-elements in response to different stresses and hormones were predicted by using the PlantCARE server. The published RNA-Seq showed that several 14-3-3 genes showed significant expression changes in different tissues, during fruit development and under salt, cold and pathogen stresses at a certain time point. These results provided a general introduction to melon 14-3-3 genes and a preliminary basis for later functional verification.
  PubDate: 2023-05-25
Development and authentication of Panax ginseng cv. Sunhong with high
yield and multiple tolerance to heat damage, rusty roots and lodging
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  Abstract: Ginseng (Panax ginseng) has been used as a valuable medicinal plant in Asia, and the demand for ginseng production for health functional food is increasing worldwide after the COVID-19 crisis. Although a number of cultivars have been developed to increase ginseng production, none of them were widely cultivated in Korea because they could not resist various environmental stresses while being grown in one place for at least 4 years. To address this, Sunhong was developed as a ginseng cultivar with high yield and multiple stress tolerance by pure line selection. Sunhong showed high yield and heat tolerance comparable to Yunpoong, a representative high-yielding cultivar, and exhibited 1.4 times lower prevalence of rusty roots than Yunpoong, suggesting that Sunhong can keep its high yield and quality during long-term cultivation. In addition, distinct color and lodging resistance were expected to increase the convenience of cultivation. To supply pure seeds to farmers, we also established a reliable high-throughput authentication system for Sunhong and seven ginseng cultivars through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis. The GBS approach enabled to identify a sufficient number of informative SNPs in ginseng, a heterozygous and polyploid species. These results contribute to the improvement of yield, quality, and homogeneity, and therefore promote the ginseng industry.
  PubDate: 2023-05-22
Expression profiles of genes involved in sugar metabolism during fruit
development and ripening of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)
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  Abstract: Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) is a mild pepper with larger fruit and thicker fruit skin than common chilli and bell peppers. The process of fruit development in paprika is relatively more complex, including expansion, sweetening, and pigmentation. However, the lack of genetic information in this species impedes our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and ripening of paprika fruit. We preformed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing analysis to characterize gene expression profiles of paprika fruit during development and ripening. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that 725, 684, and 652 genes were detected in transcriptome comparison of early fruits with mature green fruits, mature green fruits with breaker fruits, and breaker fruits with mature red fruits, respectively. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that sugar metabolism-related pathways were highly enriched during fruit development and ripening, and starch and sucrose metabolic pathways were most highly enriched. Based on the pathway regulation analysis, sugar metabolism–related genes function to regulate sucrose hydrolysis and starch, cellulose, and trehalose biosynthesis; and these genes were specifically expressed at different stages of development in paprika fruit. The expression profiles investigated in our study lay the foundation for further research into genes correlated with sugar metabolism in the developmental stages of paprika fruit.
  PubDate: 2023-05-20
Efficacy of indole-3-acetic acid-producing PGPFs and their consortium on
physiological and biochemical parameters of Trigonella foenum-graecum L
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  Abstract: Fungi produce phytohormones like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which stimulates the growth of plants. In the present study, Aspergillus niger (AN) and Aspergillus caespitosus (DS-3) were identified in screens for highly efficient IAA-producing fungi. Initially, IAA production was assessed through UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis using Salkowski’s reagent. HPTLC confirmed the presence of IAA in all fungal extracts when compared with the standard IAA. HPTLC analysis revealed that AN exhibit the highest IAA production, which was 251.86 ± 0.7 µg ml−1. AN, DS-3 and a combination of both strains as a growth-promoting consortium (GPC-1) were applied to Trigonella foenum-graecum L seeds for 6 h. After 14 days, the fenugreek plants were used for both the physiological and biochemical analysis. Results indicated that the GPC-1 induced more desirable physiological properties, with higher protein content, carbohydrate content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to treatment with individual PGPFs or distilled water. The extract from fenugreek plants treated with GPC-1 had the maximum diosgenin content (342.374 ± 0.67 µg ml−1), as assessed by HPTLC. Graphical abstract
  PubDate: 2023-05-16
Canopy-applied silicon is an effective strategy for reducing sweet cherry
cracking
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  Abstract: Fruit cracking caused by rainfall prior to harvest, a major problem in sweet cherry production, is being exacerbated by climate change. Currently, pre-harvest spraying with calcium salt solutions is the prevalent technique to reduce fruit cracking in cherry orchards not covered by plastic roofs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of canopy-applied silicon in the reduction of sweet cherry cracking under different field conditions. Four field trials were conducted on mature trees of the cultivars Van, New Star, and Emperor Francis. Treatments included water (control), calcium chloride, and sodium silicate. Multiple sprays (three) were applied weekly from fruit onset of color to approximately 1 week before harvest. The results showed that under conditions conducive to cracking, sodium silicate reduced the percentage of cracked fruits to a similar or larger extent than calcium chloride. This study highlights how canopy-applied silicon sources may effectively contribute to reducing cherry cracking, acting as an alternative technique to other preventive methods.
  PubDate: 2023-03-30