Subjects -> STATISTICS (Total: 130 journals)
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 MetrikaJournal Prestige (SJR): 0.848 Citation Impact (citeScore): 1Number of Followers: 4      Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 1435-926X - ISSN (Online) 0026-1335 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2469 journals]
• Bayesian estimation for an item response tree model for nonresponse
modeling

Abstract: Abstract Nonresponse data are common in achievement tests or questionnaires. Chang et al. (Br J Math Stat Psychol 74:487–512, 2021) proposed an Item Response tree model, namely TR4, for modeling some potential mechanisms underlying nonresponses so that the estimates of parameters of interest would not be biased due to missing not at random (Rubin in Biometrika 63:581–592, 1976). TR4 has two notable degenerate cases, both with insightful practical meanings. When TR4 is fitted to data originated from some degenerate cases, there exist model identifiability issues so that the existing frequentist inference for the TR4 model is not suitable. In the current study, we propose a Bayesian estimation procedure that incorporates the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique for estimating the TR4 model. We conducted simulation studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Bayesian estimation procedure in solving the model unidentifiability issue. In addition, the TR4 model is further extended in the present study to effectively accommodate the complexity underlying some real data. The advantage of the extended models over TR4 is demonstrated in the real data analysis where we apply our method to the data of a geography test for college admission in Taiwan.
PubDate: 2022-11-01

• Distribution-free specification test for volatility function based on
high-frequency data with microstructure noise

Abstract: Abstract In this paper, we propose a two-step test for parametric specification of volatility function based on high-frequency data with microstructure noise. The latent prices are first recovered at high precision under the assumption that the noise is a parametric function of observable trading information. An asymptotically distribution-free test is then built on the estimated latent prices using Khmaladze martingale transformation. We establish asymptotic theory associated with the test under both the null and alternative hypotheses. Moreover, an extension of the proposed method to incorporate intraday pattern is also formally discussed. Simulation results corroborate our theoretical findings demonstrating clear advantage of our method over an existing distribution-free method that does not take microstructure noise into account. We finally apply the test to the high-frequency data of Standard & Poor’s depository receipt (SPDR) that tracks the S&P 500 index.
PubDate: 2022-11-01

• Non asymptotic expansions of the MME in the case of Poisson observations

Abstract: Abstract In this paper the problem of one dimensional parameter estimation is considered in the case where observations are coming from inhomogeneous Poisson processes. The method of moments estimation is studied and its stochastic expansion is obtained. This stochastic expansion is then used to obtain the expansion of the moments of the estimator and the expansion of the distribution function. The stochastic expansion, the expansion of the moments and the expansion of distribution function are non asymptotic in nature. Several examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
PubDate: 2022-11-01

• Universally optimal balanced block designs for interference model

Abstract: Abstract The interference model has been widely used and studied in block designs where the treatment in a particular plot effects on ones in its neighbor plots. There are many experiments specially in agricultre that block size (k) is greater than the number of treatment (t). If $$k>t$$ , the universally optimal designs under the interference models are usually difficult to obtain. In this paper, we consider an interference model with equal left- and right-neighbor effects for uncorrelated errors when $$k>t$$ . Based on Kushner’s method, we obtain the universally optimal designs on the class of circular block designs. We also present some methods to construct these designs. Then, we generalize our results for one-sided interference models.
PubDate: 2022-11-01

• Consistency of the MLE under a two-parameter Gamma mixture model with a
structural shape parameter

Abstract: Abstract Finite Gamma mixture models are often used to describe randomness in income data, insurance data, and data in applications where the response values are intrinsically positive. The popular likelihood approach for model fitting, however, does not work for this model because its likelihood function is unbounded. Because of this, the maximum likelihood estimator is not well-defined. Other approaches have been developed to achieve consistent estimation of the mixing distribution, such as placing an upper bound on the shape parameter or adding a penalty to the log-likelihood function. In this paper, we show that if the shape parameter in the finite Gamma mixture model is structural, then the direct maximum likelihood estimator of the mixing distribution is well-defined and strongly consistent. We also present simulation results demonstrating the consistency of the estimator. We illustrate the application of the model with a structural shape parameter to household income data. The fitted mixture distribution leads to several possible subpopulation structures with regard to the level of disposable income.
PubDate: 2022-11-01

• Prediction of future censored lifetimes from mixture exponential
distribution

Abstract: Abstract On the basis of a Type-II censored sample, Barakat et al. (Predicting future lifetimes of mixture exponential distribution, Commun Stat Simul Comput https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2020.1715434, 2020) considered the problem of predicting the unobserved censored units from a mixture exponential distribution with known parameters. They then discussed how to use the pivotal quantity for obtaining prediction intervals for non-random and random sample size when all parameters are known. In this work, we consider the same problem of prediction where the model parameters involving the scale parameters as well as the mixing proportion parameter are all unknown. Further, we propose different prediction methods for obtaining prediction intervals of future lifetimes including likelihood, highest conditional median, and parametric bootstrap methods. In this set-up, two cases are considered. In the first case, we assume that the sample size is non-random, while in the second case, the sample size is assumed to be random number. It is shown from our numerical results that the parametric bootstrap-based prediction intervals are comparable in terms of coverage probability and very competitive in terms of average length when compared to all other prediction intervals considered in this paper.
PubDate: 2022-10-01

• Asymptotic Z and chi-squared tests with auxiliary information

Abstract: Abstract The main goal of this article is to study how an auxiliary information can be used to improve the efficiency of two famous statistical tests: the Z-test and the chi-square test. Many definitions of auxiliary information can be found in the statistical literature. In this article, the notion of auxiliary information is discussed from a very general point of view and depends on the relevant test. These two statistical tests are modified so that this information is taken into account. It is shown in particular that the efficiency of these new tests is improved in the sense of Pitman’s ARE. Some statistical examples illustrate the use of this method.
PubDate: 2022-10-01

• An extension of the Gumbel–Barnett family of copulas

Abstract: Abstract The Gumbel–Barnett family of bivariate distributions with given marginals, is frequently used in theory and applications. This family has been generalized in several ways. We propose and study a broad generalization by using two differentiable functions. We obtain some properties and describe particular cases.
PubDate: 2022-10-01

• A note on the coverage behaviour of bootstrap percentile confidence
intervals for constrained parameters

Abstract: Abstract The asymptotic behaviour of the commonly used bootstrap percentile confidence interval is investigated when the parameters are subject to linear inequality constraints. We concentrate on the important one- and two-sample problems with data generated from general distributions in the natural exponential family. The focus of this note is on quantifying the coverage probabilities of the parametric bootstrap percentile confidence intervals, in particular their limiting behaviour near boundaries. We propose using a local asymptotic framework to study this subtle coverage behaviour. Under this framework, we discover that when the true parameters are on, or close to, the restriction boundary, the asymptotic coverage probabilities can always exceed the nominal level in the one-sample case; however, they can be, remarkably, both under and over the nominal level in the two-sample case. Using illustrative examples, we show that the results provide theoretical justification and guidance on applying the bootstrap percentile method to constrained inference problems.
PubDate: 2022-10-01

• Estimating a gradual parameter change in an AR(1)-process

Abstract: Abstract We discuss the estimation of a change-point $$t_0$$ at which the parameter of a (non-stationary) AR(1)-process possibly changes in a gradual way. Making use of the observations $$X_1,\ldots ,X_n$$ , we shall study the least squares estimator $$\widehat{t}_0$$ for $$t_0$$ , which is obtained by minimizing the sum of squares of residuals with respect to the given parameters. As a first result it can be shown that, under certain regularity and moment assumptions, $$\widehat{t}_0/n$$ is a consistent estimator for $$\tau _0$$ , where $$t_0 =\lfloor n\tau _0\rfloor$$ , with $$0<\tau _0<1$$ , i.e., $$\widehat{t}_0/n \,{\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{P}}\,\tau _0$$ $$(n\rightarrow \infty )$$ . Based on the rates obtained in the proof of the consistency result, a first, but rough, convergence rate statement can immediately be given. Under somewhat stronger assumptions, a precise rate can be derived via the asymptotic normality of our estimator. Some results from a small simulation study are included to give an idea of the finite sample behaviour of the proposed estimator.
PubDate: 2022-10-01

• Statistical analysis of the non-ergodic fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck
process with periodic mean

Abstract: Abstract Consider a periodic, mean-reverting Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process $$X=\{X_t,t\ge 0\}$$ of the form $$d X_{t}=\left( L(t)+\alpha X_{t}\right) d t+ dB^H_{t}, \quad t \ge 0$$ , where $$L(t)=\sum _{i=1}^{p}\mu _i\phi _i (t)$$ is a periodic parametric function, and $$\{B^H_t,t\ge 0\}$$ is a fractional Brownian motion of Hurst parameter $$\frac{1}{2}\le H<1$$ . In the “ergodic” case $$\alpha <0$$ , the parametric estimation of $$(\mu _1,\ldots ,\mu _p,\alpha )$$ based on continuous-time observation of X has been considered in Dehling et al. (Stat Inference Stoch Process 13:175–192, 2010; Stat Inference Stoch Process 20:1–14, 2016) for $$H=\frac{1}{2}$$ , and $$\frac{1}{2}<H<1$$ , respectively. In this paper we consider the “non-ergodic” case $$\alpha >0$$ , and for all $$\frac{1}{2}\le H<1$$ . We analyze the strong consistency and the asymptotic distribution for the estimator of $$(\mu _1,\ldots ,\mu _p,\alpha )$$ when the whole trajectory of X is observed.
PubDate: 2022-10-01

• Predicting future failure times by using quantile regression

Abstract: Abstract The purpose of the paper is to study how to predict the future failure times in a sample from the early failures (type II censored data). We consider both the case of independent and dependent lifetimes. In both cases we assume identically distributed random variables. To predict the future failures we use quantile regression techniques that also provide prediction regions for them. Some illustrative examples show how to apply the theoretical results to simulated and real data sets.
PubDate: 2022-09-27

• Design efficiency for minimum projection uniform designs with q levels

Abstract: Abstract Minimum projection uniform designs and high efficient designs are two kinds of excellent designs in design of experiment. In this paper, design efficiency for minimum projection uniform designs with q levels is discussed. Firstly, the uniformity pattern of q-level designs is proposed based on the centered $$L_2$$ -discrepancy. Secondly, the analytical connection between uniformity pattern and design efficiency is established for the q-level orthogonal arrays with strength 2, and for the orthogonal arrays with strength 3, the minimum projection uniformity criterion is equivalent to the design efficiency criterion. Finally, a tight lower bound of uniformity pattern is presented, which is used as a benchmark for measuring the uniformity of projection designs.
PubDate: 2022-09-19

• On the consistency of mode estimate for spatially dependent data

Abstract: Abstract This paper is concerned with estimating the density mode for random field by kernel method under some $$\alpha$$ -mixing condition. The almost sure uniform convergence of the density estimator is proved. The rate of almost sure uniform convergence of the density gradient estimator is given under mild conditions. The unknown density is supposed unimodal and its mode is estimated by a kernel estimate. The strong consistency of the mode estimate is investigated and the rate of convergence is given. An optimal bandwidth selection procedure is proposed and a simulation study is used to obtain empirical results.
PubDate: 2022-09-14

• A semiparametric multiply robust multiple imputation method for causal
inference

Abstract: Abstract Evaluating the impact of non-randomized treatment on various health outcomes is difficult in observational studies because of the presence of covariates that may affect both the treatment or exposure received and the outcome of interest. In the present study, we develop a semiparametric multiply robust multiple imputation method for estimating average treatment effects in such studies. Our method combines information from multiple propensity score models and outcome regression models, and is multiply robust in that it produces consistent estimators for the average causal effects if at least one of the models is correctly specified. Our proposed estimators show promising performances even with incorrect models. Compared with existing fully parametric approaches, our proposed method is more robust against model misspecifications. Compared with fully non-parametric approaches, our proposed method does not have the problem of curse of dimensionality and achieves dimension reduction by combining information from multiple models. In addition, it is less sensitive to the extreme propensity score estimates compared with inverse propensity score weighted estimators and augmented estimators. The asymptotic properties of our method are developed and the simulation study shows the advantages of our proposed method compared with some existing methods in terms of balancing efficiency, bias, and coverage probability. Rubin’s variance estimation formula can be used for estimating the variance of our proposed estimators. Finally, we apply our method to 2009–2010 National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey to examine the effect of exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids on kidney function.
PubDate: 2022-09-12

• A note on the partial likelihood estimator of the proportional hazards
model for combined incident and prevalent cohort data

Abstract: Abstract The proportional hazards model has been well studied in the literature for estimating the effect of covariate data on the failure time hazard rate. This model is routinely applied to right-censored incident cohort failure time data as well as left-truncated right-censored failure time data obtained from a prevalent cohort study with follow-up. In a meta-analysis or complex study design, data from both incident cohort and prevalent cohort studies with follow-up may be available. We compare two partial likelihood estimation approaches for the covariate effects using combined incident and prevalent cohort data under the proportional hazards model. We validate the partial likelihood methods through the concept of ancillarity and utilize simulated cohort data to compare the two procedures.
PubDate: 2022-09-09

• Fractional factorial designs for Fourier-cosine models

Abstract: Abstract Fourier-cosine models, rooted in the discrete cosine transformation, are widely used in numerous applications in science and engineering. Because the selection of design points where data are collected greatly affects the modeling process, we study the choice of fractional factorial designs for fitting Fourier-cosine models. We propose a new type of generalized resolution and provide a framework for the construction of fractional factorial designs with the maximum generalized resolution. The construction applies level permutations to regular designs with a novel nonlinear transformation. A series of theoretical results are developed to characterize the properties of the level-permuted designs. Based on the theory, we further provide efficient methods for constructing designs with high resolutions without any computer search. Examples are given to show the advantages of the constructed designs over existing ones.
PubDate: 2022-09-05

• Communication-efficient distributed estimation for high-dimensional
large-scale linear regression

Abstract: Abstract In the Master-Worker distributed structure, this paper provides a regularized gradient-enhanced loss (GEL) function based on the high-dimensional large-scale linear regression with SCAD and adaptive LASSO penalty. The importance and originality of this paper have two aspects: (1) Computationally, to take full advantage of the computing power of each machine and speed up the convergence, our proposed distributed upgraded estimation method can make all Workers optimize their corresponding GEL functions in parallel, and the results are then aggregated by the Master; (2) In terms of communication, the proposed modified proximal alternating direction method of the multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is comparable to the Centralize method based on the full sample during a few rounds of communication. Under some mild assumptions, we establish the Oracle properties of the SCAD and adaptive LASSO penalized linear regression. The finite sample properties of the newly suggested method are assessed through simulation studies. An application to the HIV drug susceptibility study demonstrates the utility of the proposed method in practice.
PubDate: 2022-08-11

• Nonparametric tests in linear model with autoregressive errors

Abstract: Abstract In the linear regression model with possibly autoregressive errors, we construct a family of nonparametric tests for significance of regression, under a nuisance autoregression of model errors. The tests avoid an estimation of nuisance parameters, in contrast to the tests proposed in the literature. A simulation study illustrate their good performance.
PubDate: 2022-08-03

• Construction of group strong orthogonal arrays of strength two plus

Abstract: Abstract Strong orthogonal arrays (SOAs) have received more and more attention recently since they enjoy more desirable space-filling properties than ordinary orthogonal arrays. Among them, the SOAs of strength $$2+$$ are the most advisable as they satisfy the same two-dimensional space-filling property as SOAs of strength 3 while having more columns for given run sizes. In addition, column-orthogonality is also a desirable property for designs of computer experiments. Existing column-orthogonal SOAs of strength $$2+$$ have limited columns. In this paper, we propose a new class of space-filling designs, called group SOAs of strength $$2+$$ , and provide construction methods for such designs. The proposed designs can accommodate more columns than column-orthogonal SOAs of strength $$2+$$ for given run sizes while satisfying similar stratifications and retaining a high proportion of column-orthogonal columns. Orthogonal arrays and difference schemes play important roles in the construction. The construction procedures are easy to implement and a large amount of group SOAs with $$s^2$$ levels are constructed where $$s \ge 2$$ is a prime power. In addition, the run sizes of the constructed designs are s times the ones of the orthogonal arrays used in the construction procedure. Thus they are relatively flexible.
PubDate: 2022-08-01
DOI: 10.1007/s00184-021-00843-0

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