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Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi / Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2146-1880 - ISSN (Online) 2146-698X
Published by Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi

[2 journals]

Impact of forest management activities on soil fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in
Karacabey forested wetland ecosystems
- Authors: Temel Sarıyıldız
  Abstract: Impacts of forest management activities on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes were studied from May to September in Karacabey forested wetlands. To understand the main factors that affect CO2 and CH4 fluxes, a field study was carried out in both managed and natural stands of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and ash tree (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) stands at c and d development stages. The static (soda lime) and dynamic (LI-8100A, LI-COR) methods were used to measure CO2 fluxes. The surface flux of CH4 was measured by using closed static chamber method. Stand characteristics and soil properties were also determined. A portable electronic penetrometer was used to measure soil penetrometer resistance (SPR) in the study sites. The results showed that the soils in the managed sites were compacted, as indicated by higher bulk density and SPR. Soil CO2 flux was higher in the managed stands. In natural stands, CO2 fluxes ranged from 1.298 to 1.723 g C m-2 d-1 for ash tree, and from 1.011 to 1.368 g C m-2 d-1 for alder, while in the managed stands, they ranged from 1.658 to 2.687 g C m-2 d-1 for ash tree, and from 1.112 ile 1.987 g C m-2 d-1 for alder. In contrast to CO2, soil CH4 flux was lower in the managed stands. In natural stands, CH4 fluxes varied from 0.198 to 0.726 mg C m-2 h-1 for ash tree, and from 0.124 to 0.511 mg C m-2 h-1 for alder, while in the managed stands, they varied from 0.054 to 0.278 mg C m-2 h-1 for ash tree, and from 0.022 to 0.197 mg C m-2 h-1 for alder.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Osmanthus decorus (Oleaceae)
Kasaplıgil species growing naturally in Artvin province
- Authors: Ömer Faruk Avcı; Deniz Canbolat, Burak Kılıç, Mehmet Demiralay
  Abstract: The present study aimed to compare the antioxidant properties of leaf and fruit samples taken from Osmanthus decorus (Boiss. & Balansa) Kasaplıgil plant, which grows naturally in Artvin province, with rosehip (Rosa canina L.) and linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) plants obtained from herbalists. Osmanthus leaves and fruits have been preserved by two different methods: drying and lyophilisation. Rosehips and linden were obtained as dried samples from herbalists. DPPH, FRAP, ABTS tests, total polyphenolic compounds and total flavonoids were analysed to determine the antioxidant capacity of the plant samples. The results showed that all three species have antioxidant capacity, but Osmanthus samples had lower antioxidant capacity than rosehip and linden except for the total flavonoid content. It was also observed that the method of sample preparation (such as drying and lyolifization) influenced the antioxidant capacity of Osmanthus samples. It was concluded that O. decorus has an antioxidant activity that varies depending on the preparation method.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Ecological, morphological, and anatomical investigation of Sorbus L.
(Rosaceae) taxa distribution in Rize province (Türkiye)
- Authors: Vagif Atamov; Kemal Paşa Aksoy, Esra Demir
  Abstract: This research was carried out to determine the Sorbus L. species distributed within the borders of Rize province between 2011-2013 and to reveal the differences (morphological, anatomical, and ecological) between them. It was determined that four taxa belong to the genus Sorbus L. in the research area, which is located in the A8 square according to the grid system. Identified taxa, Sorbus aucuparia L., Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss, Sorbus caucasica (Zinserl) var. Yaltırikii, Gökşin and Sorbus umbellata. var. cretica (Lindl) Schneidear. The morphological, anatomical, and ecological characteristics of these taxa, which are naturally distributed in the flora of the research area, were comparatively examined. Localities of Sorbus L. taxa distributed in the region, habitat characteristics, and species identification keys were identified. The localities of the taxa that naturally spread in the region were determined, and their maps were processed according to the GPS coordinate data.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Applicability of monumental buildings with different 3D modeling programs
and tree types
- Authors: Evren Osman Çakıroğlu
  Abstract: There are monumental works to highlight the period in which important events and heroism took place in history and to remind future generations. A visual structure is created by applying these events and figures with materials such as stone, mosaic, metal, marble and wood. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the relief of the Şerife Bacı monumental statue, the heroic symbol of Kastamonu, with 3D modeling and to create smooth wooden tables. At the beginning of the study, photographs were taken from 20 different angles with a camera in Kastamonu. It was applied to wood with a CNC machine using Zbrush and Alphacam modeling programs. Within the scope of the study, 2 types of 3D modeling programs and 3 different tree species were used. For the CNC machine, the rotation speed for all wood types is determined as 18000 rpm, plunge speed is 4000 mm/min, and cutting speed is 8000 mm/min. The cutting tool diameter was chosen as 2 mm for 3D machining, and 10 mm and 20 mm for rough machining. An attempt was made to produce 50×55 cm paintings from chestnut, sapele and beech wood materials, and a 150×200 cm main painting from only beech wood materials. The results showed that Zbrush and Alphacam modeling programs worked in harmony with each other, and that the beech type may cause some cracking and structural defects in large-sized productions. While producing a large-sized 3D model using wood material, it has been observed that it can be designed and implemented piece by piece rather than as a whole.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Determination of climate types according to thornthwaite method: Bursa
province example
- Authors: Esin Erdoğan Yüksel; Ömer Faruk Karan
  Abstract: The climate phenomenon, known as the long-year average of meteorological events of a place, has a very important role in the characteristic structure of the weather conditions of the region and in the formation of different plant communities depending on the changes. Various climate classifications have been made by scientists in order to identify similar and different aspects of many climate types. Climate types can be classified by looking at meteorological phenomena such as temperature, precipitation and humidity. Thornthwaite method is one of the classification methods used to determine climate type. In this study, the climate types and water balances of Bursa province and its districts were tried to be determined by using long-term climate data obtained from meteorology and the Thornthwaite climate determination method. As a result of the analyzes made according to the Thornthwaite method, Büyükorhan district was determined as "Semi-Arid"; "Semi-humid, semi-arid" districts of Gemlik, Harmancık, İznik, Karacabey and Yenişehir; "Semi Humid" of Gürsu, İnegöl, Kestel, Mustafakemalpaşa, Mudanya, Orhangazi, Osmangazi, Orhaneli, Nilüfer and Yıldırım districts; It has been determined that the Keles district is in the "Humid" climate class, and the data of the Uludağ station is in the "Very Humid" climate class. It has been determined that Uludağ has "Low Temperature, close to Continental climate" and other districts have "Medium Temperature, close to Oceanic climate". In the study, it was observed that there was a lack of water in the summer, an excess of water in Uludağ in the winter, and a medium level of water in other districts.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Location selection of medicinal and aromatic plant processing facility
with fuzzy EDAS method: Artvin example
- Authors: Enis Küçük; Ertan Dinç, Tayfun Öztürk
  Abstract: Climate change, biodiversity and good soil management, together with the rapid population growth in the world, increase the importance of better management and efficient use of such scarce resources. Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are among these resources and have an economic added value potential. Facility location selection for the processing of MAPs produced directly from nature or through culture is an important strategic decision element, and in general, the facility location selection problem emerges as one of the most fundamental strategic decision-making problems faced by businesses or organizations. To analyze this complex decision-making process, where many factors have minor or significant effects, this study followed the steps of the EDAS (The evaluation based on distance from average solution) methodology, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM). In addition, by taking advantage of the fuzzy theory's ability to deal with uncertainty and incomplete information (here with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers), a significant advantage has been achieved in terms of saving time and resources to solve the problem. In the solution process, three decision-makers evaluated six alternative locations in linguistic terms. A priority order was formed, and the most suitable location (A2- Seyitler Campus) was determined.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Effect of different white rot fungi and incubation period on the chemical
composition of wood in the biopulping process
- Authors: Ayhan Tozluoğlu; Recai Arslan
  Abstract: One of the alternative methods developed in recent years to eliminate the negative effects such as high energy and chemical consumption in pulp production is the use of biotechnological applications in this sector. In this method, wood chips are treated with white rot fungi and thus, preliminary delignification of lignin can be achieved and pulp production can be achieved in a more environmentally friendly way. Thanks to this alternative modified method called biological pulp production (biopulping), some of the lignin in the wood is removed from the structure by biological degradation of white rot fungi.In our study, biological pre-treatment was carried out by inoculating black pine chips with the Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora fungi, which have an active delignification effect from white rot fungi, and the effect of biological modification processes on the chemical composition of wood was evaluated, especially considering lignin delignification.Although there was a decreasing increase in weight loss depending on the incubation period, it was determined that the fastest weight loss occurred at the end of the 4th week. The fastest lignin loss was observed at the end of the 4th week. The fastest increase in the holocellulose ratio occurred after the 2nd week, and this increase continued with a decreasing acceleration until the 8th week, depending on the incubation period. As a result of studies on the chemical composition of wood depending on different incubation periods, 4 weeks for P. chrysosporium and 6 weeks for P. ostreatus and C. subvermispora were determined to be optimum.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Evaluation of hydrological parameters and sediment dynamics in the Borçka
Dam watershed using the SWAT model
- Authors: Saim Yıldırımer; Mehmet Özalp
  Abstract: Various human-originating interventions and/or activities have been playing the major role for substantially impacting natural flow regime, water quality, and sediment transport amounts of running waters (streams, creeks etc.) in a negative way. While many studies using in-field measurements of such impacts have proven these changes, applying modeling methods in order to assess such effects are still improving. This study used the SWAT model to assess annual changes in water regime, quality, and sediment yield for Murgul, Hatila, Fabrika, and Godrahav Creeks based on field measurements. The model estimated the highest annual surface flow at Murgul Creek (2.41 m3/s) and the lowest at Fabrika Creek (0.19 m3/s). Sediment yields were 61855 t/yr at Murgul, 29826 t/yr at Hatila, 3165 t/yr at Fabrika, and 7835 t/yr at Godrahav. The model also provided reliable predictions for most sub-creeks, with R2 values between 0.85 and 0.91 and NSE values between 0.72 and 0.84. For run-off, Hatila, Fabrika, and Godrahav showed high reliability with R2 and NSE values around 0.85 and 0.80, respectively, while Murgul had lower scores (R2: 0.53, NSE: 0.22). Sediment yield was reliable in Hatila and Fabrika with R2 around 0.82, but less so in Godrahav and Murgul, with NSE values showing significant variability. Water quality predictions for NO3 were acceptable across all creeks, with R2 values around 0.82 and varied NSE values, indicating generally reliable outcomes. However, the model predicted less favorable outcomes for Murgul Creek due to significant human-induced alterations. While the SWAT model was generally promising, the study emphasizes the need for detailed, long-term data to improve prediction accuracy.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Investigation of the cytotoxic effect of Lallemantia Fisch. & C.A. Mey.
species growing in Türkiye on various cancer cell lines
- Authors: Ali Kaya Çelik; Pelin Yılmaz Sancar, Irmak Icen Taskın, Murat Kürşat
  Abstract: The genus Lallemantia (Lamiaceae) is popularly known as "Dragonhead". The genus, which has been proven to have extremely rich compounds, is used in the treatment of many diseases among the people. The genus is represented by 5 taxa in the world and 3 taxa are naturally distributed in Türkiye. In this study, the cytotoxic properties of methanolic extracts of the above-ground parts of Lallemantia peltata, Lallemantia iberica and Lallemantia canescens taxa were investigated against BEAS-2B, SH-SY5Y, HCT 116 and Hep G2 cell lines. Changes in the viability of cancer cells were determined using the MTT method. The results showed that all three species had varying degrees of cytotoxic effect. This effect was maximum in L. canescens with 53.54% (p
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
A study on the adequacy of gathering areas as urban spaces
- Authors: Büşra Onay
  Abstract: Türkiye is located in a geography of the world that can be classified as a “high risk” in terms of earthquakes. During and after an earthquake, people feel the need to leave the structures they are in and reach open areas to protect themselves and feel safe. In addition to contributing to the city in a social, psychological, economic and aesthetic sense, these areas should be increased in number and quality, as they are used in accordance with the needs of people for the purpose of escaping from the earthquake disaster, shelter, housing. The open areas scattered throughout the city have been designated as disaster and emergency gathering areas according to the fact that they meet some of the standards mentioned in this study. The main question here is whether the urban open and green space system used as ’gathering areas' is in sufficient and appropriate conditions to respond to the needs after the earthquake and shorten the return to normalcy process. This study was designed to raise awareness of students about the use of urban spaces after the earthquake that occurred on February 6, 2023 and to reveal the level of gathering areas around them. Within the scope of the Urban Design course, students who are in different provinces due to online education were asked for information about the closest gathering area to them, including the distance of their places of residence to the gathering areas, the size of the gathering areas and their current use. In this context, the data related to the collection areas were collected from the students and discussed with the relevant literature. As a result, suggestions were made about the issues that should be taken into account when planning and designing the assembly area.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Investigation of some stress parameters in oriental beech (Fagus
orientalis Lipsky.) origins exposed to drought stress
- Authors: Sümeyra Işık Çakmakçı; Sinan Güner
  Abstract: It is expected that forests will be negatively affected as a result of increased drought due to climate change. Conducting studies such as identifying genes resistant to drought stress among the members of forests, developing species resistant to drought, and determining tolerance mechanisms have become even more important in the face of drought danger. At the same time, comparing the drought tolerance of the origins is also important for future seed transfer and breeding studies. This study, it was aimed at determining the responses of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) origins exposed to drought stress. Seeds originating from Bolu, İstanbul, Zonguldak and Giresun were supplied in 2021. The seeds were planted in Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry Greenhouse, after germination, they were cared for until they were 2 years old, and drought stress treatments were applied to the seedlings that turned 2 years old in July 2023. Three different irrigation regimes (watered once a day (control), watered once every two days, and no watered) were created to apply drought stress to the seedlings. After 15 days of drought stress applications, leaf samples taken from the seedlings were analyzed for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and melondialdehyde (MDA), the end products of lipid peroxidation. It was observed that the H2O2 content and MDA level increased in the groups exposed to drought stress of the origins grouped according to irrigation regimes, compared to the control groups. This increase is highest in Giresun and Bolu origins; It is less in Zonguldak and İstanbul origins. As a result, it is suggested that the İstanbul origin is the most tolerant among the origins exposed to drought stress.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of particleboards
manufactured from rice husk
- Authors: Fatih Şahin; Alperen Kaymakcı
  Abstract: The effect of rice husk ratios on some physical and mechanical properties of particleboard was investigated. To meet this objective, particleboards with different proportions of wood, rice husk, urea-formaldehyde glue, and other chemicals were produced. The density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength, and screw withdrawal resistance of the particleboards were determined. Experimental results indicated that using rice husk in particleboard production improved the dimensional properties of the particleboards. Also, it was found that mechanical properties decreased as the amount of rice husk increased in particleboard production. This is thought to be due to the fact that silica, which is one of the main components of rice husk, weakens the bonding between lignocellulosic raw materials and glue used in particleboard production.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Phytopathogenic hyphomycetes determined in Yedigöller National Park,
Bolu Province
- Authors: Gökhan Doğan; Makbule Erdoğdu, Zeki Aytaç, Ali İhsan Karayel, Tuğba Ertuğrul, Zekiye Suludere
  Abstract: Sixteen cercosporoid and ramularioid species belonging to nine genera are reported from Yedigöller National Park, Bolu Province, Türkiye. The species were identified based on conventional methods. Of these, Cercospora datiscicola, Cercospora mercurialis, Filiella pastinacae, Pseudocercospora sambucigena, Ramularia linaria, and Ramularia sphaeroidea are new records for Türkiye mycobiota. The description of the new recorded species are presented and discussed with their macro and micromorphological photographs.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Isolation, identification and occurrence of Plectosphaerella cucumerina
(Lindf.) W. Gams, 1968 on sugar beets cultivation areas in Türkiye
- Authors: Meltem Avan; Rıza Kaya
  Abstract: As a result of the research conducted on the detection of severe root rot and drying in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields in the Konya region of Türkiye in 2015-2017, a fungus named Plectosphaerella cucumerina was detected together with many different root pathogens. This fungus, which is known to occur in many hosts and on different substrates, is a new record for Türkiye. There are not many studies on this fungus, which was found to be low virulent in our study, neither in the world nor in our country. However, according to the limited number of studies, it has been found that there are pathogen strains of the pathogen that infect sugar beet in the Netherlands. Furthermore, it is a necrotrophic fungus that is used as a potential biological control agent against potato cyst nematodes, so it is considered a fungus that should be studied for this reason. We define this contribution as a new record for Türkiye mycobiota from P. cucumerina sugar beet seedlings
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Comparison of object-based classification results and field data for
forested areas
- Authors: Duygu Bıyıklı; Aycan Murat Marangoz
  Abstract: The aim of this study, which was carried out in the forest area, was to investigate both the success of the object-based classification method and whether the field study would be sufficient for the reference data needed before classification. In the object-based classification method, before classification, reference data such as aerial photographs, layouts, stand maps, field data are often needed in the selection of both segmentation parameters and training areas for the accuracy analysis. In this study, firstly, eCognition Developer 9.1 software was used on high resolution GeoEye-1 satellite image for a detailed extraction of "Coniferous, Broad-leaved, Agricultural field, Open field and Building" class types determined within the 12x12 km study area of Kastamonu Central Forest Department. Evaluation was made by using object-based classification method. After the evaluation, field studies were conducted with the Differential Global Navigation System method using a total of 150 points, 30 from each class, and the results were analyzed on a point basis with object-based classification results. According to the findings, it was concluded that the field data was sufficiently compatible with the classified satellite image and could be used as reference data.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Classification of wooden wastes with machine learning approaches
- Authors: Mehtap Erdil; Nural Yılgör, Ozan Kocadağlı
  Abstract: In this study, 200 wood waste samples from different origins were analysed by Inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for 11 elements (lead, cadmium, aluminium, iron, zinc, copper, chrome, arsenic, nickel, mercury and sulphur) that are likely to present in wood waste. In the study, the data as non-hazardous and hazardous was evaluated based on the standard (TS EN ISO 17225-1, 2021). Artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) analyses were then applied to better analyze and interpret the data. In this way, statistical separation of wood wastes as non-hazardous and hazardous was realized. Accordingly, it was shown that random forest analysis with an accuracy rate of 100% was better than artificial neural network analysis with an accuracy rate of 99%. Results suggested that wood wastes could be recycled and entered the production cycle in a way to contribute to the national economy or be incinerated with appropriate methods in bioenergy production in an environmentally friendly way which would be possible with the accurate classification of these wastes. In this study, the classification of wood wastes as hazardous and non-hazardous with 100% accuracy rate using ICP data with machine learning approaches, which is not encountered in the literature review.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Determination of whiteness index, color, and gloss values in Iroko
(Milicia excelsa Welw. C.C. Berg) wood treated with waste vegetable oils
- Authors: Osman Çamlıbel; Ümit Ayata
  Abstract: Today, there are many different methods (heat treatment, impregnation, bleaching, etc.) of changing the color of wood material. The use of environmentally friendly products during these processes is important for both human health and wood industries. In this study, some surface properties that occur after the application of waste vegetable oils (olive oil, corn oil, and walnut oil) to the surfaces of iroko (Milicia excelsa Welw. C.C. Berg) wood were investigated. Whiteness index values (WI*) [perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (║)], color parameters (∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, ∆C*, ∆H*, ∆E*, a*, C*, L*, b*, and ho) and glossiness values [perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (║) to the fibers at 20o, 60o, and 85o] were determined on wooden surfaces before and after the application. While a* and C* values increased in experimental samples where all waste vegetable oil types were applied, decreases in L*, b* and ho values were observed. The lowest ∆E* value was found in waste corn oil (23.70), while the highest value was found in waste olive oil (24.48). The WI* values for both directions in the samples treated with used cooking oil were found to be lower compared to the control samples. Decreases in WI* values were determined with the applied waste oils. While it decreased at 20o and 60o for glossiness values in the perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers in all 3 types of waste oil, it increased at 85o. It has been observed that all used cooking oils have a modifying effect on the surface properties of iroko wood.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and GC/MS
profiling of the endemic species Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. asperulum
- Authors: Begüm Birgül; Handan Şapcı Selamoğlu, Cem Vural
  Abstract: Due to their potential therapeutic applications, there has been a growing fascination in the investigation of natural bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. asperulum, an endemic species in Türkiye, has been studied for its potential antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics. Various solvents were utilized for the extraction of plant material, and the antimicrobial activity was tested against various antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and a yeast using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar disc diffusion methods. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was assessed using total phenolic content, the DPPH radical-scavenging assay, and total flavonoid content methods. The extracts have exhibites significant inhibitory effects against several bacterial strains, with the methanol extract showing the most potent antimicrobial activity. The most effective inhibition activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 1.56 mg/ml. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed numerous phytochemical compounds, including phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. The study highlights the potential of V. cheiranthifolium var. asperulum as a valuable and natural bioactive compound source with antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics, making it a promising candidate for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030
Determination of antimicrobial effect of Lactarius controversus (Pers.)
Pers
- Authors: Şule İnci; Sevda Kırbağ
  Abstract: Lactarius controversus (Pers.) Pers., known as willow mushroom, is an edible species by the public. Although many people in the world do not prefer to consume it due to its acrid taste, it is widely consumed in our country. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of methanol and ethanol extracts of L. controversus against some microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DMS50071, Bacillus megaterium DSM32, Staphylococcus aureus COWAN1, Candida albicans FMC17, Candida globrata ATCC 66032 and Trichophyton sp.) were investigated. According to the disk diffusion method, it has been determined that methanol and ethanol extracts of L. controversus have an antimicrobial effect (8.3-25.3mm) against microorganisms used. According to the microdilution method, it was determined that the minimum inhibitory concentration value of methanol and ethanol extracts of the same species was between 31.25-250 µg/mL. As a result of the study, it may be recommended to use L. controversus as an antimicrobial agent against bacteria, yeast, and dermatophytes.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 May 2024 00:00:00 +030

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