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Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi / Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2146-1880 - ISSN (Online) 2146-698X
Published by Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi

[2 journals]

Mitotic effect of Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle in Allium tuncelianum
(Tunceli Garlic) root tip cells
- Authors: Neslihan TAŞAR
  Abstract: With the rapid increase in the world population, industrial activities and unconscious consumption of natural resources cause environmental pollution. Materials obtained using nanoparticles are used in many fields. Devices used in the medical field, food production and packaging, electronics, energy production and cosmetics can be counted at the beginning of these fields. As a result of nano-industrial activities, it is thought that this NP will accumulate in soil, water, and air with the increase in the use of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NP). In this study, it was aimed to reveal the mitotic effect on root meristem cells of Allium tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay, B.Mathew & Şiraneci (Tunceli garlic), which is an indicator organism and exposed to 20-40 nm Fe2O3 NP prepared at different doses (125, 250 and 500 ppm). Fe2O3 NPs, such as loss of genetic material, deconstructed prophase, adhesion, chromosome groupings in metaphase, deconstructed metaphase, deconstructed anaphase, fragment, polar deviation, bridge, going forward, asynchronous division, star anaphase, multipolarity, deconstructed telophase caused some mitotic abnormalities. All these results showed that Fe2O3 NP has genotoxic and clastogenic effects. Briefly, these results show that Fe2O3 NP taken by organisms may pose a danger to both the organism and the upper consumer. Again, these findings reveal that the controlled production and use of Fe2O3 NP’ s affecting organisms to reduce their bioaccumulation must ultimately be safely disposed of.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Effects of salt water intrusion on biochemical components of Alder and Ash
tree fresh leaves in Karacabey Coastal Forested Wetland
- Authors: Temel SARIYILDIZ; Raghad Sami Sahib MOHAMMED ALİ
  Abstract: Coastal forested wetlands provide substantial benefits to society, such as wave attenuation, erosion control, biodiversity support, and carbon sequestration. Many of these unique coastal ecosystems have been drained for various reasons, while those that remain are now threatened by salt water intrusion and sea level rise due to climate change. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of soil salinity on the biochemical components of the fresh leaves of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn) and ash tree (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) which are the dominant tree species in Karacabey coastal forested wetland next to the Sea of Marmara in Türkiye. For this purpose, fresh leaf and soil samples of alder and ash trees were collected from three zones (Z1: 0-1 km, Z2: 1 to 2 km and Z3: 2 to 3 km) from the inner border (Z3) of the forested wetland to the coastline (Z1) of the Sea of Marmara. The fresh leaf samples were analyzed for photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids), anthocyanin, xanthophylls, free amino acids, total nitrate, proline, total polyphenols, total soluble tannins, total phenolic compounds, glucose, sucrose and total carbohydrates. The soil samples were analyzed for soil pH, electrical conductivity and soil texture. The results showed that the soil salinity decreased from the coastline (Z1) towards the inner border (Z3). Similarly, mean photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanin, xanthophyll also decreased from the Z1 towards Z3, whereas mean total polyphenols and total soluble tannin concentrations increased for the both tree species. The other biochemical compounds showed either an increase or a decrease according to the tree species. These pioneer results illustrate the important point that biotic or abiotic environment in which tree grows significantly change the specific biochemical components in the fresh leaves of alder and ash trees in the coastal forested wetlands. In turn, these changes may result in variation in nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, and organic matter turnover rates in these forest ecosystems.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
The effect of thermo-mechanical densification process on the physical
properties of wood material
- Authors: Abdi ATILGAN
  Abstract: It can be made into high strength, and valuable products by compacting low density, and low commercial value wood species. In this study, black pine (Pinus nigra) and Uludağ fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana) tree species were densified by using Thermo-mechanical (TM) method, which is an environmental modification method, at 140 oC and two different ratios of 25% and 50% (in the radial direction). Compression ratio in air-dry moisture, spring-back ratio after densification, and physical properties of air-dry densities were determined. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis in the MSTAT-C program. According to the results, wood type, densification type, and all their interactions were found to be effective on the compression ratio, and spring-back ratio in air dry moisture. The compression ratio in air-dried moisture was lower in Uludağ fir (Uludağ fir: 0.40 gr/cm³, black pine: 0.49 gr/cm³) compared to black pine due to the spring-back effect. While the volumetric recovery (spring-back) rates were 15.44% in Uludağ fir, it was determined as 19.40% in black pine. After the condensation process, the air-dry density value increase was lower in black pine compared to Uludağ fir, and it was determined as 35.94% in Uludağ fir and 34.53% in Black Pine
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Analysis of environmental literacy for children
- Authors: Nilüfer KART AKTAŞ; Hande Sanem ÇINAR
  Abstract: The environment not only contributes positively to children's creativity and development, but also provides them with a fun-filled environment and gives them the excitement and responsibility of taking care of the environment. Environmental literacy is a very important issue in environmental protection and child development. The proliferation of nature-based schools is a good example in this context. However, not all individuals receive education in this context. The aim of this study is to measure children's reactions to behaviors such as environmental knowledge, environmental problems, solutions to these problems, knowledge about nature, attitudes towards the environment, fears arising from environmental problems, restlessness, value judgments and readiness to solve environmental problems, physical behaviors observed in the field, and how children evaluate the elements that provide space and equipment in the environment they are in for play while playing in an environment where they are in touch with nature. In this context, Emirgan Park, one of the most important parks of Istanbul, with its natural richness and many different children's playgrounds, was selected as a sample area. A survey was conducted with children in Emirgan Park. The sample size was taken as 100 in the survey study in which the respondents were randomly selected and conducted with the interview technique. As a result of the research, it was determined that in order to increase environmental literacy, it is important to gain habits such as perceiving the environment in all aspects and developing thinking, and that it would be useful to use different educational environments and methods besides schools for children to gain experience.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Spatiotemporal changes of carbon storage in Çaltepe Forest Planning
Unit
- Authors: Durmus Ali CELİK; Abdurrahman ŞAHİN
  Abstract: Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating climate change as they are the largest carbon sinks. The objective of this study was to reveal the potential effects of forest dynamics on carbon sequestration and to contribute to planning studies. In this study, the changes in biomass and carbon storage areas in the 1999 and 2014 planning periods of the Çaltepe Forest Planning Unit. This calculation was carried out using widely accepted guidelines and coefficients, and the spatial distribution of biomass and C storage was mapped using GIS. As a result, the total biomass of the forested area increased by 53.42% in the period 1999-2014, from 781039.2 Mg to 1198263.51 Mg. On the other hand, the total amount of carbon storage increased from 1146019.35 Mg to 1448400.56 Mg in the period 1999-2014, an increase of about 26.39%. The contributions to the carbon (C) pool came from soil organic carbon with 60.12% and 53.28% of total C storage; from aboveground with 26.64% and 32.38%; from belowground with 7.66% and 9.27%; from litter with 5.33% and 4.77%; and from deadwood with 0.25% and 0.30% in 1999 and 2014, respectively. The average annual C sequestration was 1.95 Mg ha-1 yr-1, of which 1.06 Mg ha-1 yr-1 occurred in aboveground, 0.53 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in soil, 0.3 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in belowground, 0.05 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in litter and 0.01 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in deadwood. Results have shown that; to increase the amount of biomass and carbon sequestration capacity in forest areas, it is necessary to increase maintenance activities, select appropriate species in afforestation areas, and ensure sustainable carbon management by reducing social pressure on forests. As long as the sustainability of carbon pools on land is ensured, the effects of climate change will be mitigated.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Measurement and evaluation of urban growth and urban sprawl: Tekirdağ
Example
- Authors: Tuğba ÜSTÜN TOPAL
  Abstract: With the increasing population, today's cities are undergoing rapid change and transformation. Increased human activities in cities result in numerous negative outcomes, such as the decline in biodiversity, increased environmental pollution, and the disruption of ecosystem cycles, ultimately leading to the degradation of nature. Especially, the uncontrolled growth and expansion of cities in response to increasing needs and demands can result in inappropriate land use, putting natural resources under pressure and leading to their loss. Indeed, especially in cities that are experiencing rapid population growth, this situation is more evident. In this context, urban sprawl, which indicates urban spread, has many negative effects if not managed correctly. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate urban growth and detect urban sprawl in three districts of Tekirdağ province, namely Süleymanpaşa, Çorlu, and Çerkezköy, which have been receiving rapid immigration and thus have seen a significant increase in their populations. In line with this, using the high-resolution data from the Urban Atlas, the land use situation for the years 2012 and 2018 has been presented. The results have shown an increase in artificial areas and a decrease in agricultural lands for all districts. For the detection of urban sprawl, the Normalized Urban Atlas Sprawl Indicator (NUASI) developed by Petrescu (2019) has been utilized. According to the NUASI findings, the urban sprawl trend in the Süleymanpaşa, Çorlu, and Çerkezköy have been determined as -1.90%, 0.70%, and 0.96%, respectively. This result indicates that Çerkezköy is the district with the highest urban sprawl development. Recommendations for spatial planning have been provided within the scope of the study.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
The effect of wood ash on the germination of Bladder-Senna (Colutea armena
Boiss. and Huet.) seeds
- Authors: Neslihan ATAR; Zafer ÖLMEZ, Halil Barış ÖZEL, Aşkın GÖKTÜRK
  Abstract: Colutea armena (Baldder Senna) is among the important plant species that have an important place in biodiversity and can spread on the edges of stands in fire-sensitive ecosystems. In this study, the effects of wood ash and different germination media on the germination of seeds of C. armena species were investigated in order to evaluate whether the fires occurring in the areas where it naturally spreads will have an effect on the spread of the species. A total of 15 different media obtained by mixing equal proportions of wood ash, soil, sand and peat media were used as germination media. The germination experiment was carried out in four replications under laboratory conditions, with 50 seeds in each replicate. As a result of the study, it was determined that the germination media were effective on the germination of C. armena seeds (p
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
A research on visitor management of Boraboy Lake Nature Park
- Authors: M. Bihter BİNGÜL BULUT; Sultan Sevinç KURT KONAKOĞLU
  Abstract: It is important to establish a balance between resource adequacy and recreation needs for nature parks used recreational purposes within the framework of sustainability. To make the most of the unique attractiveness of the natural environment and to minimize the impact on the resource values of recreational areas and the quality of the experience of users, it is necessary to include visitor management strategies and actions in development plans. In this study, visitor management strategies and actions were evaluated based on data collection, observation, and evaluation of Boraboy Lake Natural Park and Its’ development plan. As a result, it was determined that Boraboy Lake Natural Park included some of the approaches classified as 'hard' and 'soft' approaches from the visitor management tools within the framework of the development plan. Contradictions arising from the lack of a complete understanding of the concept of visitor management discussed and some suggestions have been made.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Activated carbon production from chestnut shell: temperature and
phosphoric acid effect
- Authors: Emrecan ARPACI; Sami İMAMOĞLU, Murat ERTAŞ
  Abstract: Currently, waste management is focused on recycling waste for the production of valuable products. In this context, activated carbon is a very popular topic due to its ability to be produced from almost any type of organic matter and its wide range of applications. In this study, chestnut shells with a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, which were not subjected to any pretreatment, were activated with phosphoric acid at 1:1 and 1:2 (shell/phosphoric acid) ratios, and then subjected to pyrolysis for 30 minutes at a flow rate of 100 ml/min of nitrogen gas in a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C. The maximum activated carbon yield was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C and an activation ratio of 1:2. Furthermore, the surface morphology and crystal structure of the obtained activated carbon samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results indicate that chestnut shells are a suitable raw material source for the production of activated carbon.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Effect of hot press speed on mechanical, physical, and formaldehyde
emission properties of particle board
- Authors: Osman ÇAMLIBEL; Ümit AYATA
  Abstract: In this study, the effect of variations in the hot pressing speed on the physical, mechanical, and formaldehyde emission values of particleboard (PB) was investigated. For PB production, wood raw materials consisting of 40% oak (Quercus petraea L), 50% Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L), and 10% poplar (Populus alba) planer shavings were utilized. A urea-formaldehyde adhesive (UF) was used at a 65% concentration (1/1.35 mol), ammonium sulfate (AS) was employed as a hardener at a 20% concentration, and liquid paraffin (LW) was used as a water-repellent chemical at a 60% concentration. During the preparation of PB test samples, production recipe values were kept constant, and only the production speed was altered. Press speeds were adjusted to 240 mm/s (PH240), 245 mm/s (PH245), and 258 mm/s (PH258). The physical, mechanical, and emission characterization of PB samples was conducted according to the relevant TSE standards. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis, revealing significant differences among them. It was observed that these differences were attributed to the hot pressing speed. An increase in press speed positively influenced the mechanical properties and resistance tests of PB, while an increase in press speed reduced the mechanical resistance of the board.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Estimation of current and future potential distribution areas of Pistacia
terebinthus L. by random forest regression algorithm
- Authors: Almira UZUN; Ayşe Gül SARIKAYA
  Abstract: Pistacia terebinthus L. (Terebinth), one of the members of the Anacardiaceae family, is among the medicinal plants in our country, and it is used in coffee, soap, etc. There are usage patterns. It is a matter of curiosity how this species, which has economic value in the country with its use for different purposes, will show in our country with climate change. In this study, Random Forest regression algorithm was used to determine the effect of climate change on the distribution areas of Pistacia terebinthus L. in Türkiye. For the model, asset data of Terebinth and current and future bioclimatic variables were used. In order to determine the future distribution areas, 2041-2060 (~2050) and 2081-2100 (~2090) periods of the HadGEM3-GC31-LL climate change model SSP2 4.5 and SSP5 8.5 scenarios were preferred. When the current and future distribution areas of Pistacia terebinthus L. are compared according to two different scenarios, it is estimated that there will be narrowing in the distribution areas of the species and the distribution areas considered very suitable will not be in the future. Today, while the suitable and very suitable distribution areas are 288896.243 km2 in total, this number will decrease to approximately 50% and 40% in the SSP2 4.5 scenario ~2050 and ~2090 periods, and in the SSP5 8.5 scenario ~2050 and ~2090 periods, respectively 45% and 15% it is seen that it will decrease approximately.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Arm race between plant and ınsects: gall wasps and gall formation
- Authors: Serap MUTUN
  Abstract: Since the emergence of life on Earth, numerous different life forms have interacted with both each other and their environment and evolved over time. One of the most remarkable interactions is observed between plants and gall forming insects, where gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) represent one of the most significant examples of adaptive radiation through inducing very complicated gall structures. For the formation of these extraordinary gall structures, herbivorous insects bypass the plant's defense barriers and reprogram the host genome, utilizing its resources for their own benefit. Through gall formation, a series of genes, molecules, metabolic pathways, and routes are utilized, starting from the initiation of cell proliferation to the formation of entirely new and extraordinary structures for the host. While there has been an increase in molecular studies in recent years, gall formation, molecular mechanisms, and evolutionary relationships within gall communities have not been completely understood yet. This review aims to provide a brief summary of gall formation based on oak gall wasps (Cynipidae, Cynipini), incorporating morphological and current molecular information.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Analysis of green area routes within the nature tourism in
Çankırı province
- Authors: Gamze SEÇKİN GÜNDOĞAN; Pelin ŞAHİN KÖRMEÇLİ
  Abstract: The city of Çankırı, with its natural, cultural, social and ecological values as its geographical location, provides the development of tourism. It is important that the city's location is at the transit point, that it is adjacent to many cities and that it should be developed within the scope of tourism with its natural beauties. In this study, it is aimed to design the route and determine the prominent destinations within the scope of the nature tourism potential of Çankırı. In the first stage of the study, nature tourism routes within the scope of green areas were created with the information obtained from official web sites. In the second stage of the study, the relations according to the transportation on the tourism route created by using the data-network analysis method were examined in Graph Commons platform. As a results of the analysis, the five destinations with high centrality according to the degree of access in Çankırı were seen as follows: Istiklal Road National Park, Kenbağ Nature Park, Alpsarı Recreation Area, Kırkpınar Plateau and Işık Mountain Recreation Area. At the end of the study, five different route were suggested according to the access of tourism destinations. The results of the research contribute to the protection of the environment and to the development of the tourism potential in Çankırı.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Ecosystem services provided by woody landscape plants in campuses: the
case of AÇU Seyitler Campus
- Authors: Derya SARI; Banu KARAŞAH
  Abstract: Nowadays, natural ecosystems are adversely affected by rapid urbanization and climate change.Increasing construction threatens the sustainability of green spaces, especially in urban areas. In this context, green infrastructure systems and ecosystem services help to establish a sustainable relationship between natural areas and cities at the design and planning scale. Ecosystem services are classified in 4 main categories as providing, supporting, regulating and cultural ecosystem services in the literature, provide direct or indirect benefits to people in a wide range. However, studies on ecosystem services provided by plants used in urban green areas are limited.This study investigated the ecosystem services provided by the plant material of campuses, which are an important component of urban green spaces. In this context, a total of 147 native and exotic woody landscape plant taxa used in Artvin Çoruh University (AÇU) Seyitler Campus were discussed. The ecosystem services provided by the plant taxa were evaluated according to a total of 17 parameters under the headings of providing, regulating, supporting and cultural services. Results showed that the woody landscape plants used in the campus provide primarily regulating (air quality regulation, erosion control, pollination) and supporting (nutrient and water cycling, photosynthesis) ecosystem services, but also cultural ecosystem services such as aesthetic values, recreation, and educational value. Woody landscape plants play an important role in supporting green infrastructures and planting design strategies in campuses and urban areas with providing the many valuable ecosystem services.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Evaluation of urea formaldehyde (UF) as a surface coating material: Black
pine wood and oriented strand board (OSB) coating by enhanced UF
- Authors: Orhan KELLECİ; Süheyla Esin KÖKSAL
  Abstract: In this study, the applicability of a urea formaldehyde (UF) resin as a wood surface coater was investigated. Organic fillers were used in the resin solution to prevent crack formation on the surface covered with UF resin. Oriented strand board (OSB) and Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) massive wood were used to prepare the samples. To prepare the control group, 4 g of ammonium sulfate (AS) was added to 100 g of UF and blended at 1000 rpm for 5 min. The first group was prepared using 5 g of wheat flour (WF) in 100 g UF as an organic filler. The second group was prepared by adding 5 g of cellulose fiber (CF) to a 100 g of glue solution, and the results were compared with those of the control group. The mechanical characterization of the samples (abrasion and scratch analysis) and staining analyses of the samples were determined according to the relevant standards. In addition, the samples were subjected to accelerated weathering by manually applying periodic moisturizing and drying. According to the results, the abrasion and scratch resistances of the black pine samples were higher than those of the OSB samples. Although the addition of WF reduced the abrasion and scratch resistance of the surfaces, it also eliminated the crack formation on the surface before weathering. The abrasion and scratch analysis results of boards coated with UF were much higher than those of the particleboards and fiberboards covered with decorative paper. The weathering process increased stain visibility in all samples, especially in the WF-added sample. After weathering, an approximately 30-40% decrease in scratch and wear resistance was observed in all the samples. As a result, it was concluded that UF can be used to coat the surfaces of wooden boards together with organic fillers in semi-outdoor environments.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Determination of the effects of different IBA (Indole-3-Butyric Acid)
doses on the growth and development of Argyranthemum frutescens (L.)
Sch.Bip. (Marguerite Daisy) cuttings
- Authors: Ömer Lütfü ÇORBACI; Erdi EKREN, Fırat BAYRAM
  Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different IBA doses (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000 and 8000 ppm) on the growth and development of Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. (Marguerite Daisy) cuttings. It is important to increase the production of this taxon, which has a high landscape value and is frequently used in aesthetic and functional application projects. 100% perlite was used as the rooting medium for cuttings. The study, which was carried out in the greenhouse environment of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Zihni Derin Campus, Department of Landscape Architecture between August (2022) and February (2023), in 8 repetitions and 30 cuttings were taken in each replication. After Argyranthemum frutescens cuttings were kept in perlite medium for six months, the length of the cuttings, rooting rate, root length, and underground and above-ground biomass density were measured. As a result of the study, the most suitable IBA hormone for the cuttings of Argyranthemum frutescens plant was determined as 1000 ppm among the hormones used. It was determined that the hormone with the highest average height of the cuttings was 5000 ppm, and the hormone with the shortest average height was 3000 ppm. Since good results are generally obtained at low levels of IBA concentrations in the study, it is recommended to conduct new studies using IBA concentrations below 1000 ppm.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Effect of Dwarf Elderberry (Sambucus ebulus L.) fruit extract on drought
tolerance in maize seedlings
- Authors: Cansu ALTUNTAŞ
  Abstract: Sambucus ebulus L. (SE) fruit extract, which is widely used for therapeutic purposes in traditional medicine for human health, has an important antioxidant value. Recent studies on experimental animals to reveal the role of the aqueous extract of SE fruit (FAE) on human health, it is shown how SE FAE plays a role in response to various stresses occurring in humans. However, no studies have been found in the literature on the role of SE FAE on the abiotic stress response in plants. In this study, it was evaluated whether SE FAE has an effective role in alleviating stress damage under drought stress. Firstly, maize seedlings were exposed to three different concentrations of SE FAE (1, 2 and 4 mg/mL) for 24 h and then 10% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) for drought. Under drought conditions, relative water content (RWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pigment content and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthesis rate (PN), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductivity (gs)) significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and proline (Pro) levels significantly increased in maize seedlings. However, it was observed that all SE FAE applications significantly increased RWC, Pro, pigment contents and PN, E and gs, significantly declined the TBARS and H2O2 levels under drought conditions. Another important result, 2 mg/mL of SE FAE application concentrations was determined to be the most effective concentration in increasing RWC, Pro, pigment and gas exchange levels, and reducing TBARS and H2O2 levels. According to findings, exogenous application of all SE FAE can alleviate oxidative damage (TBARS, H2O2), maintain water status, improve gas exchange, and chlorophyll synthesis in maize seedlings at different levels. As a result, it was determined that SE MSE applications had a positive effect on drought tolerance in plants.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Possible effects of soil structure on the epidemic of Halyomorpha halys
(Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
- Authors: Mimar Sinan ÖZKAYA
  Abstract: The Brown Marmorated Stinkbug (BMS) Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an important pest in Türkiye as well as all ver the world. Since 2016, when it was detected in Artvin in the Eastern Black Sea region, it has spread to many regions and continues to spread. There are more than 300 hosts, more herbaceous, in the region. This study was carried out to investigate the population density in the region and the relationship between population density and soil properties. Population densities were determined with pheromone traps hung in areas, and soil analyzes were made and tried to be correlated. An average of 3.138 adults were caught in the pheromone traps hung in are as where the population is dense. In the analysis of soil samples taken from areas where H. halys is concentrated and less concentrated; According to the statistics of sand+clay+dust values, the soil type was sandy loam in both fields. According to the results of the soil analysis, no statistically significant difference was found between the very dense and less dense areas of the pest in terms of soil properties.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Occupational health and safety measures in pandemic conditions: COVID-19
practice
- Authors: Hafiz Hulusi ACAR; Kemal ÜÇÜNCÜ
  Abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first appeared in China and spread globally in a short time. It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Pandemics are a human problem. Due to the risk posed by COVID-19 on human health, all production and service workplaces around the world have slowed down their activities. These developments have caused significant labor and production losses. The most effective and practical way to prevent the transmission of the coronavirus; although there are physical distance, personal hygiene and mask applications, these do not constitute a definitive solution. Governments, organizations, employers and workers are facing important challenges to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and protect safety and health in the workplace. Unsafe workplace conditions and inappropriate working principles lead to significant health risks in the workplace. COVID-19 causes negative effects in all areas where people are present, such as health, social, economic, education, construction, manufacturing, transportation and trade. In this study, protective measures that can be taken are evaluated by reviewing the literature on the negative effects of COVID-19 on human health and therefore on workforce loss. In addition to additional safety measures in the prevention of COVID-19, basic occupational health and safety (OHS) control methods were evaluated in the following order: (1) elimination / substitution, (2) engineering controls, (3) organizational controls, and (4) personal protective equipment (PPE). In addition to the protection of health, due to the effective safety measures, the stress caused by COVID-19 will decrease in people, so comfort in their social lives and productivity in their work lives will be increased. Therefore, governments, employers and workers' organizations have to form a joint organization with universities and health institutions.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
A new hybrid record of the genus Lophiolepis (=Cirsium sect. Epitrachys)
(Asteraceae, Carduinae) from Türkiye
- Authors: Melahat ÖZCAN
  Abstract: Lophiolepis Cass., belonging to the tribe Cardueae of the family Asteraceae (subtribe Carduinae) is newly separated from the genus Cirsium Miller in the light of recent molecular studies. It has a high affinity to form interspecific and intersubspecific hybrids under certain circumstances. In the present study, one hybrid combination, Lophiolepis x trifurca (Petr.) Bureš, Del Guacchio, Iamonico &P. Caputo which was previously described as Cirsium x trifurcum Petrak by Petrak in 1914 is newly recorded for Turkish Flora. The hybrid specimens have intermediate characters with parental species; Lophiolepis kosmelii (Adams) Bureš, Del Guacchio, Iamonico & P. Caputo and L. caucasica (Adams) Bureš, Del Guacchio, Iamonico & P. Caputo. Plant samples including parental species were collected from Şavşat district of Artvin province in sympatric populations. These specimens were carefully examined and compared with the putative parents, and morphological character measurements of hybrid plants, as well as parental species were carried out. The samples’ natural habits were photographed, cauline leaf drawings were supplied using a stereomicroscope, leaf micromorphological characters were determined and anatomical characteristics were compared with parents, in detail. In conclusion, intermediate morphological characteristics between L. x trifurca and its parents were determined in terms of features such as cauline leaves, phyllaries, capitula and corolla. It has spines on adaxial sides, and uniseriate multicellular tomentose trichomes in abaxial ones. Cuticle has striate appearance near to the stomata/ trichome bases in the abaxial surface and scale/granules are shown in adaxial parts. This taxon has amphistomatic leaves and dorsiventral mesophyll as in the parental species.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
The properties of urea formaldehyde adhesive modified with Red Pine bark
tannin
- Authors: Kadir YEŞİLTEPE; Oktay GÖNÜLTAŞ
  Abstract: In this study, the performance properties of urea formaldehyde adhesive modified with red pine bark tannin were investigated. Tannin was obtained by extraction from red pine bark and it was added to the urea formaldehyde adhesive in proportions ranging from 5% to 50% relative to the adhesive's solid content to obtain modified urea formaldehyde adhesive, and the performance properties of this adhesive were revealed. The modified adhesive samples were analyzed for viscosity, solid content, gel time, pH, and free formaldehyde content. Lap Shear tensile strength tests were conducted on beech veneer to determine the wet and dry strength values of the adhesive samples. Additionally, FTIR analysis and microscopic imaging were performed on the modified adhesive samples.As the tannin utilization rate increased, the viscosity and gelation time of the adhesive also increased. The U4 modified adhesive group, with a 15% tannin ratio, had a gelation time of 340 seconds. The amount of free formaldehyde in the adhesive decreased with increasing tannin ratio, with the U5 sample having the lowest value of 0.32% compared to 0.90% in the urea formaldehyde (U1). FTIR analysis revealed peak shifts and broadening in the 1123 cm-1 region, indicating chemical modification and the formation of new bonds in the modified adhesive samples. Additionally, sharpening and clarification were observed at 2972 and 2901 cm-1 peaks.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Investigation of visual properties of wood used in log furniture
production in Türkiye
- Authors: Kamile TIRAK HIZAL; Emel ÖZTÜRK
  Abstract: In today's world, where the concepts of protecting ecological systems, environmental orientation, sustainability, recycling, accessible and clean energy, responsible production, and consumption are coming to the fore, there is a return to natural materials. Wood is a material that has been used in all aspects of life since the existence of mankind. Various forms of wood, such as raw, processed, or composite, form the basic component of furniture. In an era where customization and personalized products are in the forefront, the fact that furniture is unique is one of the reasons why log furniture is preferred.This study focuses on log furniture, which has gained widespread production and use in recent years with the advent of natural forms in furniture. Manufacturers of log furniture made with natural forms of the tree were reached through the internet and social media platforms and a content analysis was conducted on the locations of the enterprises, the wood species used in the production of log furniture, and the visual characteristics of the wood material used.As a result of the study, it was found that the enterprises concentrated in 25 provinces and 5 geographical regions are micro and small scale, most enterprises are located in Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, and Bursa, and most of the dining tables and coffee tables are produced as furniture type, and the products are combined with metal and epoxy materials. It was found that the most commonly used trees are walnut, oak, chestnut, and olive and that irregular annual rings, rot, dark streaks, and trunk protrusions are the most common defects.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Causality relationship between economic growth and foreign trade of paper
and paper products industry
- Authors: Kadri Cemil AKYÜZ; Nadir ERSEN, İlker AKYÜZ
  Abstract: The effect of foreign trade on economic growth and development is one of the basics in the scientific literature. The countries' use of their production power on the basis of international trade contributes to economic growth periodically in different ways. Although it varies according to the countries, the manufacturing industry and sub-sectors have a significant impact on foreign trade figures. The relationship between the development achieved by the sectors in international trade and economic growth is important in terms of determining the leading sectors of development. In this study, it is aimed to examine the causality relationship between the growth in the Turkish economy and the foreign trade data of the paper and paper products industry. Export and import growth rates and GDP (economicgrowth) values of the paper and paper products industry are used and cover the 2002-2021 period. According to the results of the Granger causality test applied over the VAR model, there is a one-way causality relationship from exports to economic growth, from economic growth to import, and from export to import.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Evaluation of the air pollution reducing effect by urban parks: The case
of Altınpark, Ankara
- Authors: Pelin ŞAHİN KÖRMEÇLİ
  Abstract: Due to a rising air pollution in cities, human health is adversely affected nowadays. Urban parks provide important contributions to the ecosystem in terms of improving air quality in cities with urbanization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the benefits of vegetation in terms of improving air quality in Altınpark sample of Ankara, which is affected by the problem of urbanization. The distribution of land cover classes, the amount of carbon storage /sequestration and the effects of air pollution were analyzed by i-Tree canopy tool. As a result of the analyzes in the i-Tree-Canopy tool, it was estimated that the vegetation canopy covering 39.89% of the study area removed a total of 2094.52 kg of pollutant gas and particles from the air. It was also found that 74.58 tonnes of carbon sequestered annually, and 1873.10 tonnes of carbon stored by vegetative land cover in the park. The economic value of the regulatory ecosystem services provided by the vegetative land cover was calculated as approximately $ 366956 in Altınpark. It was revealed that the park’s vegetative land cover formed by variety of tree and shrub species provide significant contributions to improving the air quality. The study will help future planning and design practices to improve urban ecology by providing insight into understanding the benefits of urban vegetation in improving air pollution.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
Comparison of some fuel properties of biopellets obtained from
agricultural wastes with ınternational pellet standards
- Authors: Zehra YILDIZ; Eşref TOPKOÇ
  Abstract: Fossil fuels used owing to cheap, extensive, good known technology and high energy although environmental harmful for long time. Fossil fuels, it is important local fuels in term of both great economic and ecologic that is biopellets as an alternative green fuels that is less ash and Sulphur and a higher calorific value when it is stability in the fuel price. Biopellets are obtained by giving form to biomass with physical processes such as cutting, grinding and pressing. Biopellets are solid cylindrical biofuels derived from the wastes of agriculture, livestock and forests with binder or not binding agent. The fuel properties of the seven different biopellets such as greenhouse waste pellet, woody waste pellet, pine pellet, pine+mdf pellet, sunflower shell pellet, hazelnut pulp pellet and poplar+cone pellet examined in this study. It was determined properties such as diameter, length, moisture content, ash content, particulate density, calorific value, nitrogen and sulfur content of the biopelets. Physical and chemical properties of the biopelets as result of these analyzes to compared internaional biopellet standards. In biopellet standards, its physical properties are range was found to vary 6-10 mm in diameter, 3.15-40 mm in length, 16.5-19.5 MJ kg-1 calorific value, 7-12% moisture content, 0.5-2% ash content and 600-1400 kg m-3 particle density. Nitrogen content varied between 0.3-1% and sulfur content in the range of 0.03-0.08%. It was determined fuel properties of seven biopellets used in the study 5-10 mm, length 10-31 mm, calorific value 15,887-19,836 MJ kg-1, moisture 6.06-17.22%, ash content 0.54-18.47% and particle density 970-1270 kg m-3. It was determined that the nitrogen content varied between 0-3.29% and sulfur content in the range of 0-0.79%. It was determined that woody waste pellets and poplar+cone pellets were the most suitable biopellet types for the standards. It has been determined that greenhouse waste pellet, hazelnut pulp pellet, sunflower shell pellet and pine+mdf pellet contain analysis results that do not comply with the standards.
  PubDate: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030