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Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi / Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2146-1880 - ISSN (Online) 2146-698X
Published by Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi

[2 journals]

Turkey's position in the world competition in the field of charcoal
and wood fuels
- Authors: Kadri Cemil AKYÜZ; Nadir ERSEN, İlker AKYÜZ
  Abstract: The bad scenarios about the future of fossil fuels, which meet most of the energy needs, necessitate the existence of different sources that do not cause further deterioration of the climate balance. In this respect, renewable energy sources attract more attention and gain importance because they have a large resource area and less polluting effect. Therefore, countries with renewable energy source potential will gain an active and influential position in the energy markets. In this study, it was aimed to determine the competitive position of Turkey and the countries exporting wood fuels and charcoal by using the reveaveled comparative advantage approach. For this purpose, export data for the period 2011-2020 obtained from the Trademap site were used. As a result of the study, Latvia has the highest competitive advantage in 4401 product group (wood fuels), while Cuba has the highest competitive advantage in 4402 product group (wood charcoal). In addition, despite the increasing competitiveness of Turkey, it is not from a position that can be effective in the world markets. Turkey might one of the countries with a competitive advantage in this field if the wastes obtained from forests and not used industrially are used as an energy source and investors are encouraged to invest in energy source production. Investments should be encouraged to systematically collect wastes of production units using wood raw materials and to make wastes ready for use for energy production. As a result, our country will be able to reach an effective position in the field of competition.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
The usability of old newspaper fibers in the production of biocomposite
- Authors: Emrah PEŞMAN; Hüseyin Emrah YILDIZ, Sevda BORAN TORUN, Ayfer DÖNMEZ ÇAVDAR
  Abstract: In this study, the usability of polylactic acid (PLA) with recycled newspaper fiber was investigated. It was examined in terms of mechanical, thermal and optical properties. When the results of flexural strength values of plastic composites were examined, it was determined that the ratio of recycled newspaper fiber decreased the flexural resistance. The flexural modulus of elasticity of plastic composites increased with the amount of added fiber. The tensile strengths decreased with the addition of recycled newspaper fiber. The thermal resistance decreased further with the recycled newspaper fiber added to the medium. When the DSC analysis results were examined, it was observed that the glass transition temperature of the recycled newspaper paper fiber decreased by 1 ˚C and slowed down the cooling. With FTIR-ATR characterization, it was determined that the characteristic peaks of PLA and recycled newspaper fiber overlapped due to similar bond types. While PLA is a permeable material, the permeability for optical properties decreased with the addition of fiber. Therefore, the SO brightness decreased from 55% to 5.15% with 10% fiber addition compared to the control, and the brightness increased to 6.07% by increasing the ratio to 30%. As a result, it has been determined that there is no harm in using PLA and waste newspaper fiber together, and it has a positive effect. It has been seen that recycled newspaper and PLA are two organic components that are much more compatible with each other than other thermoplastics and that they are easily degradable in nature.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
The propagation of forage kochia cutting in different IBA concentrations
and at holding times
- Authors: Nur KOÇ KOYUN; Ramazan ACAR
  Abstract: Forage kochia, a subshrub forage plant, grows naturally in the pastures of dry areas in Turkey. Their seeds grow slowly in nature, and being short duration of seed viability could be caused by limitations on the cultivation of forage kochia in Turkey. Forage kochia seedlings can be produced serially quickly with cutting propagation as vegetation propagation method. Therefore, forage kochia cuttings were exposed to 12 different IBA concentrations (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 10000, and 15000 mg kg-1) at four holding times (5, 30, 180, and 900 s) in this research carried out Completely Randomized Design in the greenhouse. We investigated the percentage of rooting, the number of the root, shoot and root length, shoot and root weight, dry root weight, and leave yellowing of these cutting. The best developments in the percentage of rooting (100%), number of roots (> 7), shoot length (> 20 cm), root length (>10 cm), root weight (>0.60 g), dry root weight (>0.1 g) and leave yellowing (score >1.60) were obtained from 500 mg kg-1 IBA at 900 s, 5000 mg kg-1 IBA at 180 s, and 10000 mg kg-1 IBA at 5 s interactions. As a result, we advised 500 mg kg-1 IBA at 900 s, 5000 mg kg-1 IBA at 180 s and 10000 mg kg-1 IBA at 5 s for the quick and economically cutting propagation of forage kochia.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
A research on health problems of working in forest fire workers
- Authors: Nevin BACI; Erhan ÇALIŞKAN
  Abstract: Turkey is geographically located in a region susceptible to wildfires. To ensure the long-way sustainability of our forests, protective measures should be taken initially, and fires that start despite precautions should be extinguished as soon and effectively as possible. The mental-physical health of fire workers was investigated in this study by examining the recent state of occupational safety and health for forest fire workers employed by the İzmir Regional Directorate of Forestry and assessing the psychological condition of the workers. The research sampled 246 fire workers assigned to the İzmir Regional Directorate of Forestry. Data collection was accomplished through the questionnaire method. Frequency weights and chi-square methods were used to analyze the acquired data. According to the study, 117 of the questionnaire respondents had at least one accident throughout their careers as fire workers. And 101 participants have been involved in an accident in the previous year. 70% of those with a high score on the General Health Questionnaire and 35.8% of those with a low score had an occupational accident. Psychologically, 24% of field workers felt shyness, 13.8% felt, and 2.8% felt dread. 59.4% stated that they felt nothing. As a result, it was detected that fire workers should get the required occupational safety and health training, the risks listed with accidents should be minimized, and improvements aiming for their psychosocial status should be addressed.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Mechanical, rheological and aging properties of nano-fibrillated
cellulose/EPDM composites
- Authors: Sibel DİKMEN KÜÇÜK; Ayhan TOZLUOĞLU, Yusuf GÜNER, Recai ARSLAN, Selva SERTKAYA
  Abstract: This work was aimed to develop green composite materials from nanocellulose / Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber. The obtained green composites were investigated in terms of chemical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, and aging properties. The results obtained in this work showed that the tensile strength and elasticity of the composites decreased with nanocellulose while permanent set values increased. Green composite materials have lower scorch values that means easier and faster vulcanization. Some cracks and staining were seen after 250h aging over 3 phr of nanocellulose whereas the surfaces were not degraded up to 100h weathering. All values are in the range of acceptable limits except for tear strength. Briefly, the study conducted reveals that nanocellulose can be used with EPDM until the concentration of 10.0 phr without any chemical degradation. Thus, sealing profiles used in automotive sector can be produced by nanocellulose/EPDM green composites instead of EPDM rubber. This can be an innovative technology in order to replace petroleum-based materials with bio-degradable materials.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Investigating the attitudes and behaviors of households towards green
marketing in forest products industry: A case study of Kastamonu
- Authors: Bahadir Cagri BAYRAM; Tutku ÜÇÜNCÜ
  Abstract: Severely increasing environmental problems and decreasing natural resources force both consumers and manufacturers to be more sensitive to the environment. The concept of green marketing has also found its place in the literature as a reflection of this situation. Regarding green marketing, to reveal the knowledge, perspectives, and consumer behaviors of the households of Kastamonu province which holds an important place in the Turkish forest products industry were aimed within the scope of this study. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with the households in the city center and the results were analyzed with statistical methods. In the survey, a green marketing scale, whose accuracy has been proven in the literature, was used. As a result of the analyses, the mean of the green marketing and consumer behavior survey was found as 3.65 and the survey questions took values between 3.50-3.79. The results of the study revealed that the consumers value the environment in general and support green marketing activities as much as their buying power, and they intend to buy environmental products. In addition, forest products manufacturers are recommended to engage in green marketing activities and create awareness among consumers about these activities.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
EEvaluation of urban landscape with green ınfrastructure approach: the
case of Çankaya / Ankara
- Authors: Muhittin Alpaslan DURU; Ferhat HOŞ, Ebru ERSOY TONYALOĞLU
  Abstract: Green infrastructure refers to the system that is strategically planned and managed to provide many functions within the landscape. In this study, the urban landscape of Çankaya district in Ankara province was examined within the scope of the green infrastructure approach, and the changes in the green infrastructure between the years 2012-2018 were analyzed and planning proposals were developed. Initially, all types of urban open and green areas that make up the green infrastructure components were defined according to the patch and corridor typology using the Copernicus Urban Atlas (UA) data of the years 2012 and 2018, and then the changes in these areas were defined and analyzed using 8 class level landscape metrics in FRAGSTATS 4.2 software. As a result, it has been determined that the green infrastructure components were suppressed and destroyed by building areas such as housing, industry and quarries. In this context, in order to prevent the fragmentation that occurs with the destruction on the green infrastructure components, suggestions have been made that the green infrastructure components such as roadside and refuge vegetation can provide connections with each other and contribute to the existing open and green space.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Determination of sediment respiration ratios of Çoruh River, Melet
River and Harşit Stream
- Authors: Murat KODAT; Yalçın TEPE
  Abstract: In this study, the sediment respiration ratios were aimed to determine in the Coruh River flowing from the city of Artvin to Georgia and flowing into the Black Sea from Batumi, Melet River flowing into the Black Sea from the city center of Ordu and the Harşit Stream flowing into the Black Sea from Giresun province Tirebolu district center. "Sediment respiration" is a good indicator of pollution which was increased due to sedimentation caused by organic substances in the water environment and precipitation of contaminant elements in the mud floor. Sampling in the study started in February 2015 and the field study was completed in the same season. The study is planned to evaluate the respiration capacities of sediment and compare the mentioned water resources, and it was evaluated by laboratory studies using soil respiration circle. For the study, the samples from the top 5 cm of sediment layers were collected from Coruh River; Melet River and Harsit Stream. The microbial decomposition was monitored in each sediment segment by the respiratory circle incubated in the dark at 25 ° C and sediment respiration was measured in 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 36. days. The mean sediment respiration values (mg CO2/g) were found as; 2.54 in Coruh River, 2.48 in Melet River and 1.97 in Harşit Stream. Together with sediment respiration values, the pH and amount of organic matter from sediment samples were determined and their statistical analysis was performed. As an average result of the measurements, the pH values of the sediment were 8.59 in the Coruh River, 8.39 in the Melet River and 8.00 in the Harşit Stream. The amount of organic matter (%) measured in the river sediments were found as 4.05, in Coruh River, 6.67 in Melet River; and 4.51 in Harşit Stream, respectively
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Investigation of children's playgrounds in kindergartens in terms of
design principles: the case of Aydın city
- Authors: Ozgur KAMER AKSOY; Burçin ÇİLENGER, Sude EKİCİEL
  Abstract: In this study, the outdoor usage patterns, the amount of open space per capita, the equipment elements and plant species of the public kindergartens located in the central district of Aydın province were determined. In the light of the information obtained, in order to determine the contribution of kindergarten gardens to child development, the playgrounds in these areas were evaluated within the scope of design principles and suggestions were presented. The main material of the study consists of the information obtained from the website of the ‘Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü’ (open area amounts of the parcels belonging to the school gardens), and the number of students and teachers belonging to 9 state kindergartens from the ‘İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’. In the realization of the study, the existing plants in the school gardens, the playground and equipment elements in the open areas and the observation forms for outdoor use were used through the photographs taken during the examinations and observations made in the selected schools. As a result of the study, the schools that were accepted as good grades according to their representation degrees consisted of İstiklal Anaokulu and Unicef Türkiye Milli Komitesi Seyda Kayhan Anaokulu, while the kindergartens accepted as middle-grade Dalama Anaokulu, Efe Emir Ayşe Çetin Anaokulu, Mimar Sinan Anaokulu, Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Anaokulu, Şehit Polis Demet Sezen Anaokulu and Zübeyde Hanım Anaokulu. It has been determined that Yunus Emre Anaokulu has a weak grade among all others.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Investigation of the effects of acetone o-(4 chlorophenylsulfonyl) oxime
pre-application on biochemical parameters of maize seedlings under salt
stress
- Authors: Fuat YETİŞSİN; Aylin KARAKAYA
  Abstract: The main purpose of the current study is to investigate if the pretreatment of acetone O-(4 chlorophenylsulfonyl) oxime (AO) molecule on maize seedlings under salt stress has mitigating effects on the adverse effects of stress or not. The following experimental setup was established: 18 hours distilled water control (K), 6 hours AO+12 hours distilled water (AO), 6 hours distilled water+then 12 hours 100 mM NaCl (TS) and 6 hours AO+then 12 hours 100 mM NaCl (AO+TS). According to the findings; While there was no difference between the control application and the AO application in terms of relative water content (RSI), it was determined that there was a significant decrease in TS and a significant increase in AO+TS compared to the control. While the chlorophyll content decreased in TS application compared to AO and control, the content increased significantly in AO+TS application compared to TS. While the highest carotenoid content was observed in the TS application, the lowest content was determined in AO+TS. While a significant decrease was observed in MDA and H2O2 contents in AO application compared to the control, a significant increase in TS compared to the control and a significant decrease in AO+TS compared to TS were determined. It was determined that guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes significantly reduced MDA and H2O2 content by regulating their activities with AO pre-application. While a significant increase was observed in proline content with AO application compared to control, it was determined that AO+TS caused a significant decrease in content compared to TS application. It was observed that AO application caused significant changes in the phenolic substance content. In the light of the findings, it is thought that it can be concluded that AO pre-application to maize seedlings under salt stress can prevent the formation of radicals that have the potential to inhibit the general functioning of metabolism.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
No title
- Authors: Kenan BÜYÜKKAYA
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Analysis of temporal and spatial change in Acıçay
(Çankırı) Riparian Zone
- Authors: Semih EDİŞ; Gamze TUTTU, İbrahim AYTAŞ, Uğur TUTTU, Ali Uğur ÖZCAN
  Abstract: Due to the vegetation they have, the riverine coastal areas serve as preventing channel erosion, providing coastal stabilization, feeding and sheltering for wild animals, migration routes, and stopping points between habitats. Anthropogenic effects in the riparian zone cause significant changes in the topography and land use types from the upper watersheds to the lower watersheds. This study, it is aimed to reveal the temporal and spatial land-use changes that occur in three different riparian zones (0-60m-Zone 1, 60-120m- Zone 2, 120-180m- Zone 3) of Acıçay located in Çankırı. For this purpose, Sentinel 2 satellite images and ortho photo images were used in the study covering the years 2008-2021 and plant species were determined at the field observation points. The most common woody species along the river corridor in the study area were Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge and Elaeagnus angustifolia L.. According to the results of the land use type change that emerged with the help of geographic information systems, a decrease of 6.2 ha in the river bed areas, 9.9 ha in the riparian vegetation areas, and 1.5 ha in the pasture areas in the first zone. On the other hand, an increase was determined in agriculture, settlement, and other areas. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the riparian vegetation areas were mostly damaged in the 0-60m zone.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Changes in the protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition of Achroia
grisella Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae contaminated with lead
- Authors: Nevran Eylem AKMAN GÜNDÜZ; Yeliz YILMAZ
  Abstract: In this study, the impact of lead on protein, lipid and carbohydrate amounts of Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae was investigated. Larvae were maintained on an artificial diet contaminated with different concentrations of lead (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg diet). Culturing and all experiments were carried out in a room with a 16L:8D photoperiod, at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity conditions. Last instar A. grisella larvae were used for the biochemical analysis. The obtained data showed that lead application resulted in a considerable decrease in the protein amount of the larvae at 50 and 200 mg/kg lead concentrations. Carbohydrate and lipid amounts of larvae declined significantly at 100 and 200 mg/kg lead concentrations with respect to the control group.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Zelus renardii (Kolenati, 1857) (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) can be used in
biological control against seed pest Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann,
1910)
- Authors: Salih PARLAK
  Abstract: Leptoglossus occidentalis, described by Heidemann in 1910, began to spread rapidly after the Second World War, and although it was first seen in Europe in 1999, it spread the entire continent within ten years. Its rapid adaptation to ecological conditions and the abundance of the species it feeds on have been effective in its spread. It was seen for the first time in our country in 2009, has managed to spread throughout the country in the course of time and its damage has been revealed in coniferous species seeds. It significantly reduces seed formation and germination, as it causes early cone casting and damages the embryo and endosperm parts of mature cones. When examined in terms of forestry studies; It is obvious that the reduction in seed source due to insect damage will adversely affect the natural regeneration and nursery activities in forests. Since the natural enemies of the insect have not yet emerged, the population cannot be balanced and it causes damage every year. As in our country, an effective method of struggle has not yet been put forward in the world. Chemical control is avoided with the concern that it will disrupt the ecological balance. For this reason, biological and biotechnical control methods are emphasized. One of these control methods is to use the natural enemies of L. occidentalis as predators. One of these natural predators is Zelus renardii (Kolenati, 1857), which started to spread in our country. The fact that it is a general predator and the overlap of L. occidentalis and nymphal stages necessitates the investigation of the usability of this species as a predator against L. occidentalis. Predatory behaviors of Z. renardi nymphs and adults obtained for this purpose were observed against their own species and L. occidentalis.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Investigation of park and house gardens in Çünür Neighborhood, Isparta
in terms of landscape design
- Authors: Sibel AKTEN; Cengiz YÜCEDAĞ
  Abstract: Today, the increase in people's recreational needs has resulted in different activity areas. Urban open-green areas are among the most important areas in terms of meeting these needs. However, active green areas, which are insufficient in terms of quality and quantity in many cities, cannot exhibit the service quality to meet the expectations of the users. The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the current situation of the parks and house gardens in Çünür neighborhood, one of the new and important settlement centers in Isparta, and to put forward some solutions for their adequacy and functional qualities based on the obtained data. As a result of the spatial analysis, it was determined that the quantity of open-green areas in the neighborhood is 183588 m² and green area per capita was approximately 10 m². It was found out that the active green areas in Çünür neighborhood did not have an equal and proportional distribution and there were differences in terms of accessibility to these areas. The most used species were Platanus orientalis in the parks and Cupressus macrocarpa “Goldcrest” and xCupressocyparis leylandii in house gardens. As a result, protection-use balance should be considered in planning and design studies of open-green areas in the neighborhood.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Determination of weed problem and chemical control status of Mardin
province
- Authors: Harun ALPTEKİN; Ramazan GÜRBÜZ, Abdullah ÖZKAN, Ayşe USANMAZ BOZHÜYÜK
  Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the weed species that were a problem in the agricultural areas of Mardin province, the chemical control situation in the agricultural and non-agricultural areas, and the weed resistance to herbicides. Face-to-face questionnaires were conducted with 40 Plant Protection Products (BKU) dealers licensed under the Mardin Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. As a result of the conducted surveys, more than half of the dealers (62.5%) stated the weed problem level intensely in the agricultural areas. The respondents have indicated that among these most problematic weed species were as; S. halepense (85%), A. retroflexus (65%), and S. arvensis (60%) respectively. When it comes to the weed problems at the level of cultivated plants, they stated that the biggest problem is in the cultivation areas of corn (90%), wheat (87.5%) and cotton (%75) and therefore, the most intensive use of chemicals are in these plants. Most of the pesticide dealers (85%) stated that there is a serious resistance problem in the region and it is not possible to control some weed species despite the use of the herbicides. They stated that these weeds respectively were S. halepense (52. 5%), A. retroflexus (40%), and A. sterilis (22.5%) species. In the province of Mardin, it is seen that weeds constitute a major problem in agriculture and non-agricultural areas, and herbicide resistance in weeds is increasingly problematic day by day due to the intensive and frequent use of herbicides for weed control.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Investigation of some technological properties of cement-bonded
particleboards manufactured from planer shavings of CCA-treated scotch
pine woods
- Authors: Uğur ARAS; Hüsnü YEL, Hülya KALAYCIOĞLU, Süleyman KUŞTAŞ
  Abstract: This study investigates the effects of wood/cement ratio and press temperature on the mechanical, physical and thermal properties of cement-bonded particleboards manufactured from the planer shavings of copper-chromium-arsenic (CCA) treated scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woods. For this purpose, single-layer cement-bonded particleboards were produced in a target density of 1200 kg/m3 and a dimension of 500 mm x 500 mm x10 mm using three different wood-cement ratios (1/2, 1/2.5 and 1/3) and two different press temperatures (20 ℃ and 60 ℃). The experimental boards produced were evaluated in terms of physical (moisture content, density, water absorption, and thickness swelling), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, screw withdrawal resistance), and thermal (TGA/DTG) properties. The results demonstrated that increasing press temperature significantly improved the mechanical and physical properties of the boards. An increase in wood-cement ratio improved bending strength and screw withdrawal resistance and decreased internal bond strength and modulus of elasticity. In addition, the high wood-cement ratio led to an increase in the water absorption and the thickness swelling. TGA results revealed that an increase in cement ratio and press temperature led to a significant improvement in the cement hydration products. In general, all the boards made from CCA-treated planer shavings met the requirements specified in EN 634-2 standard.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Insecticidal activities of some plant essential oils on Rhyzopertha
dominica (F.) and Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae and
Curculionidae) adults
- Authors: Şaban KORDALI; Memiş KESDEK, Ümran AKKAN, Ayşe USANMAZ BOZHÜYÜK
  Abstract: In this study, the insecticidal activities of the essential oils extracted from Cuminum cyminum L., Mentha longifolia L. and Allivum sativum L. by hydrodistillation method using the Clevenger apparatus were investigated against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults. The tests were carried out under 25±1°C temperature, 65±5 proportional humidity and 16:8 (light:dark) conditions and doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 µL/petri. The results of the tested essential oils showed that they had insecticidal effect at different rates (between 1.25% and 100%) 96 hours after exposure. Among the essential oils tested, it was determined that the oil of A. sativum showed the highest effect against R. dominica and S. granarius adults, while the essential oils of C. cyminum and M. longifolia showed the lowest effect against each two pests. Additionally, LC50 and LC90 values of these oils against R. dominica and S. granarius adults were seperately recorded. According to LC50 and LC90 values, it was reported that M. longifolia and C. cyminum essential oils were more effective against adults of R. dominica (0.698 µL/insect, LC50 and 4.694, LC90) and S. granarius (0.131 µL/ insect, LC50 and 2.452 LC90), respectively. These datas showed that the mortalities increased depending on the increase in the doses of the tested three plant essential oils. Most importantly, considering all these results, it is seen that these essential oils can be used as a natural and environmentally friendly biopreparate against harmful R. dominica and S. granarius adults in stored grain crops.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
The relationships between some site characteristics and site index of
Caucasian fir (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana)
stands: A case study from Şavşat Forest Enterprise Directorate
- Authors: İsmet YENER; Ahmet DUMAN
  Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the site index and site characteristics of pure and uneven-aged Caucasian fir (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana) stands natively distributed in Şavşat Forest District and investigate the relationships between them. Within this scope, 60-plot were sampled from different aspects and altitude zones. Some physiographic features (e.g., latitude-longitude, distance to the ridge, elevation, aspect, and slope) and some stand characteristics (e.g., height and diameter at breast height) of each sample plot were determined. After that, the site index was calculated using stand diameter-height data. A disturbed and undisturbed top-soil samples were taken from a soil pit on each plot and analyzed for physical (sand, silt and clay, bulk density and soil skeleton) and chemical (pH, EC, organic matter) soil properties. The results showed that the average site index (SI) was 27.1 - 31.1 m, the fir stands mainly grow between 1720-2228 m a.s.l. and the slope angle is highly variable. 76.6% of the studied stands were located at the steep and very steep slopes (>36%) areas. 83.3% of the sample plots' soils were in loamy sand and sandy loam and slightly acidic (pH=6.1-6.8). The mean soil organic matter content of the most studied stands (91.6%) was high with over 4%. The soils were highly stony due to higher altitudes and steep slopes. The soil skeleton (>2 mm) was over 40% in 68.3% of the most studied stands. In addition to the site characteristics, the relationships between the site index and ecological variables were determined using simple correlation analysis, but the results were not significant. We conclude that the findings and outcomes could contribute to understanding the ecology of fir stands in the region.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030
Fibonacci and Lucas numbers of some taxa naturally distributed in North
East Anatolia
- Authors: İbrahim GÖKCAN; Melahat ÖZCAN
  Abstract: In this study, general information about obtaining Fibonacci and Lucas number sequences from the rabbit problem is given. Obtaining the golden ratio and phyllotaxis ratio with Fibonacci numbers is examined.The Fibonacci and Lucas number characteristics of plants belonging to the same species are the same all over the world. The phyllotaxis ratio of 47 plant taxa and the number of cone spirals of two pines belonging to Gymnospermae distributed in North East Anatolia were determined. 34 of 47 taxa which phyllotaxis ratio investigated are herbs and 13 ones are woody/scrubs. Three of the herbaceous plants are endemic (Psephellus straminicephalus(Hub.-Mor.) Wagenitz, Tripleurospermum fissurale(Sosn.) E.Hossainand Chesneya elegansFomin) and two are rare species (Callicephalus nitens(M.Bieb. ex Willd.) C.A.Mey.and Cirsium rigidumDC.). With these studies, a literature contribution was provided to the studies in the field.
  PubDate: Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 +030