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Indian Forester
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ISSN (Print) 0019-4816 - ISSN (Online) 2321-094X
Published by Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education

[1 journal]

Compensatory Conservation of Public Trees in India: Bridging the Science,
Policy and Practice
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  Authors: SANDEEP TAMBE, GOPAL S. RAWAT, NILANJAN GHOSH, M.K. RANJITSINH, ARUN SINGH RAWAT, PRADIP KRISHEN, JIGMET TAKPA
  Abstract: AbstractPublic trees such as those along highways, roads, canals etc. play a vital role in making our cities livable. What is the conservation status accorded to these trees' The study revealed that the state laws are designed to protect the trees from the actions of individuals but not from state projects that are emerging as the biggest threat. We recommend the need to formulate a national law that stipulates a mitigation hierarchy of avoidance, reduction and offsetting. For offsetting, we suggest a cost-based approach and developed a formula for assessing the value of the trees. The findings of this study will be of relevance to the global south that is rapidly urbanizing to preserve its green spaces.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Ecosystem services from the forests of India; valuing it for rational ,
decentralized fiscal compensation and pioneering it to a model for REDD.
H.S. Gupta and AnkitaSinha
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  Authors: H.S. Gupta, Ankita Sinha
  Abstract: Abstract: Ecosystem services (E.S.) are the outcome of ecosystem functions of the forests, benefitting society and their economies immensely. Accounting and Valuation of ecosystem services emanating from forests is not only necessary to get its due importance among stakeholders, but it also helps designing the environment friendly and sustainable policies. This paper approximates the E.S. worth of forests of Indian states, on the basis of different frameworks and further shows how; such valuation of E.S. of forest has been used as “evidence” in argument for ensuring equitable fiscal redistribution from the national budget to forest rich states- which is important step for “Sustainable Forest Management” and optimal land use planning at national/regional level, by this tool IFT/EFT.Further, the available data on “actual monetary dispensation to states” and resultant “forest cover change” have been used to analyze how it has led to paradigm shift towards pro-forest/environment- financial decentralization, ensuring equitable distribution of economic resources in a federal setup and that has resulted in enhanced forest coverage. Beyond this; the evolved “fiscal redistribution mechanism” has also led to “default design” of a “pioneer”, model of REDD plus mechanism in the Indian context; which can further incentivizes, the states for their action to regulate “deforestation and degradation of forest”. A suggestion has also been made to make present EFT/IFT dispensation scheme more effective by using the both principles of dispensation i.e. “Derivation” and “cost-reimbursement” in combination;which is expected to make it a more “effective” and “efficient” model of REDD, ensuring equitable and efficient Forest/Environmental conservation.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Genetic variability in growth, volume and stem stability traits for
Eucalyptus clones in North-western India
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  Authors: Pavneet kaur, Ashok Kumar Dhakad, GPS Dhillon
  Abstract: Ten clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis planted at central plains of north-western India were evaluated for growth traits, stem stability and wood volume at different age rotations. A significant amount of genetic variations were found for all traits assessed i.e. height, diameter at breast height (DBH), form quotient, volume and stem stability. Clones P-23 was observed best for DBH, volume and stem stability against the winds (wind firmness) and tree architecture because of low height diameter ratio (more stem stability), whereas P-46 was found best for height with less taper stem. High heritability was observed for height and volume clearly suggested the potentiality of the clonal material for the improvement through selection and evaluation. Genetic advance for height and DBH is increased substantially par se with the increase in the age of tree. The high correlation between the volume and dbh in eucalypt clones means that the selection based on dbh represents the volume with adequate accuracy. Volume equations were developed for height, dbh and form quotient functions. Volume is increased by 14.07% at compound rate of DBH as explained by bivariate fit of volume by DBH and model is highly fit (r2=0.8389). Negative effect has been observed by form quotient for volume estimation in clonal plantations of Eucalyptus.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Importance of Non-Timber Forest Products in tribal Economy of Manipur A
Study of 15 villages of Thadou-Kuki tribe
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  Authors: Lynda Thoudam, Seitinmang Guite, Hanjabam Isworchandra Sharma
  Abstract: The study examines the forms of forest management and the importance of NTFPs among the Thadou-Kuki tribes of Manipur. A village-level household census survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted in fifteen villages of Thadou-Kuki tribes scattered in three districts â€“ Senapati, Churachandpur, and Chandel of Manipur where this tribe settles in large numbers. The study finds that the traditional form of forest protection among the Thadou-Kuki tribes is losing its steam in the face of population pressure and limited livelihood opportunities. The study finds that among the NTFPs, firewood is the main NTFP extracted in terms of livelihood and income, while other edible NTFPs like medicinal plants, vegetables, ferns, mushrooms, fruits, etc. are gathered solely for self-consumption. Overexploitation of forest for firewood by the villages is hurting the growth of other important NTFPs which has a high market value. With limited income from grain-based agriculture and negligible cash income from forest resources, some villages are resorting to illegal poppy cultivation which has high returns. The study also observes the emergence of new forms of forest land management which serve the immediate needs of chiefs and villagers without considering its sustainability.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Site suitability analysis for the critically endangered Aconitum
heterophyllum in Alpine regions of Uttarakhand using Analytic Hierarchy
Process
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  Authors: Arun Pratap Mishra, Amber Srivastava, Aakriti Bhandari, Puneet Kumar, Giriraj Singh Panwarand, A.A. Mao
  Abstract: Aconitum heterophyllum (Ranunculaceae) is an ayurvedic medicinal plant used as a main ingredient in many Ayurvedic herbal formulations. The rising pharmaceutical demand has led to extensive exploitation of this endangered species from wild and rendered the species into miserable situation. For the effective conservation and habitat restoration of the species, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used for the assessment of suitable sites in alpine region of the Uttarakhand. The AHP analysis revealed 567 km2 area as highly suitable, 485 km2 area as suitable and 914 km2 area as moderately suitable for the growth of A. hetrophyllum in the Uttarakhand. Most of the highly suitable sites are close to 3700-4000 m and lies in northern grassy slopes. The AHP analysis also exhibit that the temperature, rainfall and moisture have a high impact on the distribution of A. hetrophyllum.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Studies on Resin yield and Growth Characteristics of Pinus roxburghii in
Himachal Pradesh
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  Authors: Bharti Juneja, Yogesh Sood, Pawan Kumar Mahajan, Kulwant Rai Sharma
  Abstract: The present investigation was carried out at field of Department of Forest Products, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan Himachal Pradesh. The data was collected from 80 randomly selected trees of Pinus roxburghii. Different characters recorded were resin yield, diameter at breast height, tree height, bole height, bark thickness, crown width, number of branches, needle length, needle thickness, leaf area index,Â transmission coefficient and mean leaf angle. Trees of Pinus roxburghii wereÂ divided into 6 diameter classes ranging from 30-35 cm to > 55 cm. Treatment 10% HCL + 10% ethephone was found to be best to extract resin, which was at par with treatment 10% HCL + 20% ethephone. Bore hole made in the month of June was found to be the best resin yielder which was statistically at par with bore hole made in month of May and September.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Stand density and crown growth assessment of Anogeissus pendula Edgew in
Tropical dry deciduous forests of Rajasthan (India)
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  Authors: Manish Kumar, Pawan Kumar Poonia, J. S. Ranawat, Sushil Kumari, V C Prahlad
  Abstract: The present studies were carried out to assess the stand and crown growth of Anogeissus pendula (Dhav) in tropical dry deciduous forest at Jhalawar Forest Division, Rajasthan, India. Density of each site was determined by calculating the number of trees and basal area per hectare of the site. The results revealed that the Mishroli (S3) performed highest for growth parameters viz., dbh (26.20 cm), height (11.65 m), basal area (17.2 m2/ha), volume (37.73 m3/ha) and crown height (2.48 m) with lowest density (362.50 tree/ha), whereas, minimum has been observed for the same parameters at Bagher (S1)with highest density (535 trees/ha) and reverse is true for form factor (0.18) at above sites. Performance at Mishroli (S3) has been attributed to lower density, trees of higher diameter class indicates its site as good site quality compared to others. The poor performance at S1was attributed to high level of disturbance as observed in field. The crown level stand structure at S3 reported good performance for the parameters viz., crown width (8.89 m), crown length (9.46 m), crown basal area (63.62 m2/tree), crown index (1.07), crown percent (80.79 %), crown surface area (149.18 m2/tree). Crown projection ratio (44.99) and crown quotient to ground cover (3782.78) reported highest at Ghatoli (S4) and minimum (34.53) and (1213.02) at Mishroli (S3), due to high density level causing low mean dbh at S4 relatively to Mishroli (S3).
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Genetic Diversity and Structure of Natural, Planted and Selected
Populations of Tree Bean (Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.) in North East
India
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  Authors: N Lyngdoh, C.S. Phurailatpam, Manokar Jaganathan, Pavan Kumar Thunga, K.V. Pownitha, G. Ravikanth, T.S. Mehra
  Abstract: Planted populations of indigenous fruit trees (IFTs) in the tropics may be the link towards efficient utilization and conservation of its genetic resources, but little is known of the genetic diversity they harbor. Tree bean (Parkia timoriana) is an economically important IFT that is cultivated and planted on and off farm in tropical regions of Northeast India. Using 3-microsatellite markers, we compared the genetic variation and structure of five-planted populations and a farmer-selected with three natural populations within northeast India. Pooled planted and selected populations showed marginal reduction in genetic diversity values compared to natural populations. Individually, cultivated populations from Manipur had higher Shannon diversity index (I=1.30 and 1.32) compared to wild populations (I= 1.30, 1.08 and 1.12). The farmer selected population displayed appreciable levels of diversity (Na= 5.33 and I=1.12). Structure analysis revealed high degree of admixture in natural and two planted populations and PCA depicted close congruence with the geographical distribution of populations. The present study reveals that famer driven selection process has not resulted to any major reduction in genetic diversity. There is ample diversity with natural as well as planted populations of the species, which shall be crucial components for trait improvement in tree breeding programs.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Impacts of Varying Nitrogen Levels on Leaf length of Onion Varieties under
Poplar Based Agroforestry System
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  Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Ramchandra , Atul Kumar Bhardwaj, K.K. Chandra
  Abstract: Agroforestry systems play a vital role in increasing the production of the crops that help to improve the financial status of the farmer. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications and 12 treatments with and without a combination of three onion varieties and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments, viz. V1 + N 0 kg, V1 + N 40 kg, V1 + N 80 kg, V1 + N 120 kg, V2 + N 0 kg, V2 + N 40 kg, V2 + N 80 kg, V2 + N 120 kg, V3 + N 0 kg, V3 + N 40 kg, V3 + N 80 kg, and V3 + N 120 kg. The results revealed that leaf length was found superior at a 120 kg N/h fertilizer level (V1 + N 120 kg) in the onion variety Nasik Red. The onion variety Nasik Red was determined to be the best variety, and 120 kg N ha-1 was determined to be the optimum dose for achieving maximum onion leaf length in a poplar-based agroforestry system.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Quantitative analysis of Saharanpur wood carving handicraft industry on
the specific issues of wood and wood product certification
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  Authors: Pradeep Mishra, Poonam Dubey, S.S. Singh, Vartika Singh, Sunny Dhiman, Ashish Saini, A.J. Williams, R.P. Joshi
  Abstract: The study was undertaken with the objective to develop strategies for certification of wood and woodcraft products for Saharanpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India. The primary data was collected through a preliminary survey, from the various stakeholder including manufacturers and exporters commission agents /brokers traders, and artisans.The data analysis relates to the awareness regarding wood certification among stakeholders, which indicates a very low level of that awareness among all stakeholders. Only 16.67% Commission agents, 11.28% manufactures and traders, 4.26% of traders are aware of the wood certification 79.17% commission agents/brokers, 97.74% manufacturers and exporters,95.74% traders and100.0%craft sman responded that they are not very much aware of the procedure and practices of wood certification. The majority of stakeholders are of the view that the role of non-government organization for wood certification which would work as a bridge between government and stakeholders. The share 97.74% of manufactures and exporters answered that non-government organization creates awareness for wood certification and sustainable forest management. It was also revealed that the timber growers (Forest department and Farmers) should take initiative for certifying their wood rather than other stakeholders of the woodcraft industry.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
A Review of Remote Sensing and GIS based Change Detection Techniques for
Identification of Sites need Ecological Restoration in Garhwal Himalayas
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  Authors: Ranjeet Singh, Parmanand Kumar
  Abstract: Forest ecological restoration is a vital step for climate change mitigation and maintaining biodiversity. It aims to recreate, initiate, or accelerate the recovery of an ecosystem that has been disturbed. However, forest monitoring and assessment of forest losses in the Himalayan region is a major challenge due to difficult terrain conditions. The recent advancements in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (RS&GIS) techniques are enabling the quick and cost-effective solution for ecological restoration by mapping, monitoring, and quantification of areas that are affected due to degradation and deforestation. The present study aims to provide a review of recent advances in the methods and data products that can be used to extract information with regard to location, timing, and extent of vegetation losses and the past studies related to vegetation change conducted in the Garhwal region of Western Himalaya. The challenges and opportunities for the use of remote sensing in the field of restoration ecology have been discussed. The review revealed that there is very limited information available about the complex Himalayan ecosystem. Further research in the field of forest monitoring to assist in early detection of degradation and formulation of area-specific ecological restoration techniques is needed.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Panel products from Melia dubia
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  Authors: Prakash Vijay Kumar, M.P. Singh, D. Sujatha, D.N. Uday, B.S. Mamatha, M.C. Kiran, Narasimhamurthy
  Abstract: The demand and supply gap for wood is showing an ever increasing trend and in order to counter act on this trend, efforts are made in all possible ways to substitute wood with suitable alternatives wherever possible and to shift the focus from natural forests to private plantations for sourcing the timber raw material for wood based industries. As part of this efforts, local timbers are being extensively studied for their suitability for producing wood based composites which could replace the solid wood without compromising in either aesthetic appearance or strength properties. Clones of Eucalyptus, Poplar, Silver oak etc. are a few timber species to name. Melia dubia is one such plantation timber suitable for farm forestry and agro forestry which is becoming trendy among present day farmers, private planters and wood based industries because of its fast growth, inherited anti-termite and anti-insect properties etc. This paper presents the research results of a series of studies conducted to find the suitability of Melia dubia for manufacturing Particleboard, Medium density fiberboards (MDF), Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and Blockboard.Â
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
A note on albinism in Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. Divakara BN and Sheela
HK Institute of Wood Science and Technology, ICFRE, Bangalore, Karnataka,
India *Corresponding author: bndsira@gmail.com
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  Authors: B.N. Divakara, H.K. Sheela
  Abstract: Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. popularly known as 'Red sanders' is a member of the family Fabaceae, distributed naturally in the dry deciduous forests of Andhra Pradesh and parts of Tamil Nadu. P. santalinus is a rare, threatened forest tree that is of great economic and ecological importance (Usha et al., 2013). Red sanders is multipurpose tree, not only due to its value for the timber but also for the extraordinary medicinal properties. Heartwood having extraordinary medicinal properties is considered in indigenous medicine for curing various skin diseases (Vedavathy et al., 1997). Heartwood is dark purple in colour with streaks, with wavy grained texture has huge demand in the market and fetches better price. The wood is used in making musical instruments because of its superior acoustic qualities and carving acceptability. Santalin, a redwood dye present in wood of red sanders has wider applications in textiles as dying agent (Gulrajani et al., 2002). Wood of the red sanders is powdered and paste is used by the tribal people to cure diabetes, snake bite, jaundice, blood purifier and sap of the stem is used to treat conjunctivitis (Manjunatha, 2006).
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
New Distributional Record of Ipomoea laxiflora H. J. Chowdhery & Debta for
Gujarat State Flora, India.
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  Authors: Mayurkumar Jagdishbhai Patel, Rupesh N Nakar
  Abstract: In Gujarat Ipomoea genus represented by 35 taxa including 27 species, 3 subspecies, 3 varieties and 2 forma (Patel, 1984; Cooke, 1901, 1903; Saxton and Sedgwick, 1918; Saxton, 1922; Santapau, 1962, 1988; Shah, 1978; Jani, 2014). During the floristic study of rural area of Bayad taluka authors have collected one specimen of Ipomoea sp. from Badarpura village, Bayad taluka. After critical study of anthological and morphological characteristics of specimen it has been identified as Ipomoea laxiflora Chowdhery and Debta with the help of literature (Chowdhery and Debta, 2009; Kattee et al., 2019). Which is not previously recorded from Gujarat state (Patel, 1984; Cooke, 1901-1903; Santapau, 1962, 1988; Shah, 1978; Patel, 2013; Jani, 2014; Patel and Patel, 2020). Therefore, Ipomoea laxiflora Chowdhery and Debta is a new distributional record for State of Gujarat. This paper provides detailed photograph and morphological and anthological characteristics. According to Singh et al. (2015), it is endemic to India. Previously recorded from Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra (Chowdhery and Debta, 2009; Singh et al., 2011; Kattee et al., 2019)
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Germination Percentage and Seed Quality of different Forest Tree Species
of Rajpipla Forest Range
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  Authors: mevada ram, Minal Jani, D.R. Prajapti, J.R. Rot, H.P. Vanpariya, K. Sasi Kumar
  Abstract: Rapid growth in human population last few decades has immensely increased pressure on natural resources like, land, forest, wildlife and other natural resources for their basic need and livelihood. It has also resulted into elevation of pollution due to increased use of the motor vehicles, mining activities, factories, pesticides, fossil fuel and forest fire. Increased pollution has played significant role in climate change. Effects of global climate change suggest the future need for restoration of forest will increase (Stanturf et al., 2014). For the remedy to reduce this increasing pollution, forest vegetation can play vital role by their ability to store atmospheric carbon and to accumulate suspended particulate matter over their leaves. Therefore, tree plantation is the one of the best option to mitigate pollution problem. Mainly tree plantation can be done as road side, river or canals side, railway track, degraded or wasteland, reforestation and afforestation programme and also in agricultural fields as farmer now-a-days preferring fast growing tree plantation for economic purpose. For tree plantation, sufficient number of seedlings of different tree species is the fundamental requirement. Generally, tree seedlings are prepared by collecting seeds from different seed sources and sowing them in nurseries. But, in nursery, forest staff does not have idea about the how much seed quantity to be taken or to be distributed to prepare required number of seedlings. Thus, without sufficient knowledge about seeds of particular tree species, they face problems like produced insufficient seedlings material or sometimes produced more than required seedling materials which become waste. To overcome this problem, nursery staffs should have sufficient knowledge about the seeds germination percentage, seed rate, seed purity and other seed parameters of each species planned to be incorporated in future plantation programme. Study on variability in seed characters and germination behaviour of species will help in identifying own seed lots for a planting programme (Kertadikara and Prat, 1995). Objective of seed testing is to get accurate and reproducible results regarding the purity, composition and the percentage of seeds that can be expected to produce good seedling under favourable conditions. Investigation on germination of forest seed is of a great interest among scientist as it is directly related to ecology of particular area (Nakar and Jadeja, 2014). Therefore, keeping above mentioned issues regarding seedling production, present study was carried out to help the forest staff to resolve such problem.
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Three New Distributional Records to the Flora of Andhra Pradesh, India
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  Authors: Y Mahesh, Ladan Rasingam, M.V. Ramana
  Abstract: The Papikonda National Park is an important wildlife area in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh 2 spreads over 1012.86 km in East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh (Ray et al. 2020). While exploring the floral diversity of this National park, one of the authors (YM) has collected three interesting plant species from Chintur, Gokavaram and Kukunur ranges. After critical studies of the specimens with relevant literature and herbarium specimens, the specimens have been identified as Adenosma indiana (Lour.) Merr. (Plantaginaceae), Ipomoea laxiflora H.J. Chowdhery & Debta (Convolvulaceae) and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Elench. (Solanaceae). Perusal of literature revealed that, all the three species have been not reported from Andhra Pradesh (Pullaiah, 2018). Hence these are reported here as new distributional records to the flora of Andhra Pradesh
  PubDate: 2022-12-31
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
Diversity and Distribution of Intertidal-Molluscs at Zanzmer Coast,
Gujarat
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  Authors: Shuchi Bhatt, D. Joshi, R.D. Kamboj
  Abstract: No Abstract.
  PubDate: 2022-12-30
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)
The Murungs
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  Authors: M. Marchant
  Abstract: No Abstract.
  PubDate: 2022-12-30
  Issue No: Vol. 148 (2022)