Authors:Quynh Thi Nhu Phan et al. Abstract: A method called the best-worst scaling method is proposed to overcome these problems by asking respondents to make tradeoffs among the variables being assessed. This paper raises issues in respect of supplementing and developing a block of disruptive behaviors exhibited by passengers during flights and assesses the impact of these behaviors on other passengers. To illustrate the proposed method and evaluate its performance, we surveyed 240 passengers, and data from 203 survey samples were analyzed. The data analysis results revealed three behaviors that were considered the most disruptive, including (1) Threatening and causing distress, (2) Harassment and disrupting public order, and (3) Creating unsanitary conditions. This can be considered a suitable explanation with the high safety requirements of the air transport service, and the context of high expectation of post-covid hygiene and epidemiology. PubDate: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 06:55:27 PDT
Authors:Alok Tyagi et al. Abstract: In the commercial air transport industry, numerous accidents have occurred because stakeholders have failed to learn lessons from the past. The reactive hazard identification (HI) methodology in the current regulatory safety management framework provides a fresh opportunity to negotiate the challenges of the air transportation sector's predicted growth and societal safety expectations. In the regulatory framework, ‘learning from the past’ is related to the reactive method of HI, and it is viewed as a data-driven decision-making process in this review. This literature review aims to investigate academic literature on ‘learning from the past’ in the aviation industry to comprehend an overview and identify the gaps in the scholarly approaches and regulatory provisions. The data sources for the review comprise the research articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2000 to July 2023. This review follows a mixed methodology consisting of a bibliometric analysis using an R tool to develop a broad understanding and, for specific gap identification, a systematic literature review in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All 283 studies are included in the bibliometric analysis, while only 24 studies are found eligible based on the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria for systematic review. The results reveal that ‘learning from the past’ has not been explored as a data-driven decision-making process for HI in aviation industry settings. The stagewise barriers in the learning process and the impact of each stage on overall learning remain unexplored. The regulatory provisions associated with safety information from aviation activities' resilient (positive) outcomes for learning from the past purpose, organizational safety culture, and harmonization with the criminal justice system are vulnerable. PubDate: Mon, 09 Oct 2023 12:39:53 PDT
Authors:Robert L. Thomas Ph.D. et al. Abstract: Aviation illusions, arising from sensory misinterpretations, can lead to critical pilot errors. The study aims to evaluate VR training's efficacy in recognizing and managing these illusions. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) subject matter experts and the Extended Reality Lab developed the Virtual Reality Aviation Illusion Trainer (VRAIT) software program to provide users a complete VR experience and training on visual and vestibular illusions. This study investigated the effectiveness of integrating virtual reality (VR) technology in pilot training, focusing on the VRAIT motion-based visual and vestibular illusion training. Conducted with participants from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, the research assesses pre-training and post-training knowledge scores and self-efficacy. Motion-based VR training significantly improved knowledge and self-efficacy scores. Pre-training knowledge scores (M = 64.36, SD = 12.71) increase to post-training scores (M = 79.41, SD = 15.02), indicating significant knowledge enhancement (t(214) = -12.433, p < .001). Similarly, pre-training self-efficacy scores (M = 5.50, SD = 2.01) significantly increased to post-training scores (M = 8.31, SD = 1.55), highlighting self-efficacy improvements (t(214) = -17.712, p < .001). Participants experienced minimal simulator sickness, suggesting a well-tolerated training duration and sequence. Additionally, participants reported a high level of enjoyment and technological satisfaction with the training. The study contributes to VR training methodologies, emphasizing the potential of motion-based VR training to enhance aviation education. This research demonstrated that motion-based VR training effectively enhanced pilot knowledge and self-efficacy in recognizing and managing aviation illusions. The findings underscore VR's potential in enhancing visual and vestibular illusion training outcomes. PubDate: Sat, 07 Oct 2023 14:44:28 PDT
Authors:RAJIB DAS et al. Abstract: Since there is an uncertainty in the arrival times of flights, pre-scheduled allocation of runways and stands and the subsequent first-come-first-served treatment results in a sub-optimal allocation of runways and stands, this is the prime reason for the unusual delays in taxi-in times at IGIA, New Delhi.We simulated the arrival pattern of aircraft and utilized stochastic optimization to arrive at the best runway-stands allocation for a day. Optimization is done using a GRG Non-Linear algorithm in the Frontline Systems Analytic Solver platform. We applied this model to eight representative scenarios of two different days. Our results show that without altering any physical infrastructure and using this stochastic simulation model, there is a potential 38.97% improvement in the average taxiing time of the arriving aircraft, assuming a constraint of simultaneous arrivals of two aircraft within a minute. A simulated run optimization technique, if applied at the IGIA, would produce huge savings in passengers’ time, additional fuel costs, and, after all, environmental degradation. PubDate: Sat, 07 Oct 2023 14:44:17 PDT
Authors:Kimberly T. Luthi Dr. et al. Abstract: The future of space operations graduate education is reliant on industry leaders’ contributions to help forecast the needs of the industry. The aim of the current study is to build consensus on the future direction of the space industry and generate new knowledge on what the industry expects to occur in the future of space studies education. This study documents the responses of 14 industry experts who currently or previously held highly visible senior leadership positions in a company or organization within the government or the commercial space industry and have extensive experience in a variety of management and leadership roles at space-related companies.The panelists’ qualitative responses were coded by themes related to the future of work for senior leadership in the industry. The findings from the consolidated responses included 20 educational and training content areas and nine shortcomings. The Delphi technique, a group consensus building process, was used to gain insight into the panelists’ responses (Dalkey, 1972). The research contributes to the body of knowledge on workforce education that can be used to inform faculty and administration in higher education on the relevance of program and curriculum content to address the future needs of the industry. PubDate: Sat, 07 Oct 2023 14:44:06 PDT
Authors:Jason Powell MAS; CFMEI, ATP Abstract: This study explored the relationship between precipitation, the amount of time between precipitation events, bird strike risk, and the agricultural zone related to Department of the Air Force (DAF) aircraft operations. Certain bird species demonstrated a relationship between agricultural zones, precipitation, and length of time after a precipitation event and when an aircraft strike occurred. The types and frequency of bird strikes depend highly on the region and species struck. The Poisson regression revealed Cathartiformes as significantly struck by the DAF aircraft more often and can be predicted based on agricultural zone and precipitation. A binary regression did not demonstrate a significance for total bird strike risk, most likely due to a skewing of strike count due to the number of Passerines struck. This study showed a predictive relationship between precipitation, agricultural zone, and bird strike count that can help improve wildlife hazard management. PubDate: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 07:10:26 PDT
Authors:Seda Ceken et al. Abstract: Silence among flight crews has been one of the significant causes of aviation incidents and/or accidents. This study aims to explore why flight attendants remain silent during flights and/or do not report errors after the end of the flight. For this purpose, semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 21 flight attendants. The data were analyzed through content analysis using the MAXQDA 22 Qualitative Analysis Program. Themes and coding related to the research question were obtained by analyzing the scripts with creative coding techniques. Nine themes were identified by the content analysis, namely "poor relationship with cabin supervisors/pilots", "the lack of knowledge on rules and/or procedures", "the fear of punishment", "feelings of futility", "the fear of damaging relationships", "status differences", "the fear of negative label", "workload", and "laziness". Recommendations were provided for aviation companies to take culture-specific measures and improve the safety of flights. PubDate: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 07:10:19 PDT
Authors:Ethan Waisberg et al. Abstract: Head-mounted extended reality (XR) has emerged as a powerful tool in medical education for simulation of clinical and surgical situations. Another potentially powerful clinical tool of XR may be to help clinicians further understand disease from the patient’s perception. In our work to develop a training tool for astronauts undergoing interplanetary gravitational transitions, we identified a unique opportunity to also develop this emerging tool for clinicians specializing in vestibulo-ocular disease. By emulating patient perception of disease, this may increase understanding and clinical insight into clinical care in the future. This work is a component of a developing NASA-funded, head-mounted multimodal visual assessment framework to assess for subtle changes in astronaut vision. XR is a promising tool to help further understand patient perception of disease, and may one day serve as a useful countermeasure for both individuals on Earth and in space. PubDate: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 07:10:07 PDT
Authors:Joseph Cerreta et al. Abstract: The use of unmanned aircraft systems to collect data for photogrammetry models has grown significantly in recent years. The accuracy of a photogrammetric model can depend on image georeferencing. The distance from a reference base station can affect the accuracy of the results. Positioning corrections data relies on precise timing measurements of satellite signals. The signals travel through the Earth's atmosphere, which introduces errors due to ionospheric and tropospheric delays. The aim of this research was to examine the eBee X and its global GNSS accuracy by comparing the RTK and PPK methods at different base station distances in photogrammetry models. Three factors were compared: 1) RTK and PPK methods, 2) local GNSS receiver via caster and NTRIP service corrections sources, and 3) base station distances between 2.4 km and 42.0 km. The eBee X flights occurred in 2023, at three different flying sites in Southwest Arizona in the United States. The RMSEXYZ values from eight Check Points at each of three flying sites were measured with traditional GNSS survey methods. Through ANOVA testing, there were no statistical differences in RMSEXYZ accuracy between RTK and PPK methods as well as between using a local Reach RS2 GNSS receiver via caster and NTRIP service for the eBee X; however, there was a statistical difference in RMSEXYZ accuracy between base station distances of 2.4 km to 42.0 km, whereas, F(5, 33) = 11.99, p = 0.000. Specifically, base station distances of less than 16.2 km were significantly less than larger distances up to 42.0 km. These data suggest there was a significant difference in total accuracy based on the distance from the GNSS receiver base station providing corrections for the eBee X. PubDate: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 07:09:56 PDT
Authors:Panagiotis Kioulepoglou et al. Abstract: The airline industry is moving towards Single Pilot Operations (SPO), as a result of the increased training and salary cost of pilots, and also as a remedy to the impending pilot shortage which is estimated to manifest itself in the years to follow. The main objective of this study was to explore whether the Greek public is willing to accept only one pilot onboard, what are the factors that affect this decision, and which is the preferred method of replacing the second pilot by choosing between an array of alternative options proposed by the industry.Based on the qualitative findings of previous research, a close-ended scale was developed to explore the attitudes of the public quantitatively (N=414) through exploratory factor analysis and inferential statistics.Results showed a fairly negative attitude of the public towards SPO (mean score of 3.61 on a differential scale of 1-7). Also, the result of the exploratory factor analysis included three factors, namely, the inherent concerns of the passengers, the degree of passenger’s safety awareness and the reputation of the airline company. Lastly, the participants of this study showed a preference for combining highly-sophisticated technology such as advanced automation with a permanent ground operator as the optimum solution to replacing the second pilot.It is recommended that an integrated marketing strategy should be implemented at this time, so as to facilitate a smoother transition to SPO. This strategy should take into serious consideration the factors that affect the public’s intention to accept SPO. Finally, despite the overall conservative attitude of the passengers, there was no evidence of an impending failure of this innovation to diffuse into the market. PubDate: Sun, 27 Aug 2023 08:24:22 PDT
Authors:George Ray Abstract: Automated Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) provides position and state information about aircraft and is becoming an essential component in the global air traffic management system. ADS-B transponders broadcast this key information on a common frequency to both other aircraft and to secondary surveillance radar systems located at ground stations. Both the aircraft transponders and the ground stations work together to assist in managing the commercial airspace. Since the aircraft transponders all broadcast on the same frequency and are in close proximity there is an apparent risk of interference and the garbling of the communications needed to manage the airspace.The question investigated in this research is whether empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that ADS-B transponders in air traffic space interfere with one another. The analysis shows that message rate per aircraft is negatively correlated with the number of concurrent aircraft in the managed airspace. This provides support for the hypothesis that ADS-B transponders do interfere with each other. PubDate: Sun, 27 Aug 2023 08:24:15 PDT
Authors:Paul A. Craig Abstract: AbstractThree tragic events from aviation history were examined using a Historical Research and Case Study Method. The events explored were the disasters of the Airship R101 (1930), the Space Shuttle Challenger (1986) and the Boeing 737 Max 8 (2018). From the research, several closely related commonalities, or themes, were discovered across the three events. In each case, fatal decisions were made by upper-level managers, who allowed non-safety related motivations to influence their decision making. Each case also involved employees who discovered safety concerns and reported those concerns within their organizations, only to have those alerts be ignored, downplayed, rationalized or overruled. Analysis of these themes lead to recommendations that are aimed at preventing the circumstances that surrounded these three events from ever evolving again. Specifically, a recommendation is made to add a fifth component to the FAA’s current Safety Management System. PubDate: Sun, 27 Aug 2023 08:24:10 PDT
Authors:Robert A. Foster Ph.D. et al. Abstract: Implementing Safety Management Systems (SMS) is currently voluntary for collegiate aviation operations in the U.S. Some extant studies have advocated using Safety Management Systems (SMS) as a proactive tool to continuously improve collegiate aviation safety culture. Using a structural equation modeling/path analysis (SEM/PA) approach, the effect of SMS on factors of safety culture in multiple collegiate aviation programs in the U.S. was evaluated using a hypothesized model that measures the relationships between scales of SMS, safety motivation (mediator), and safety culture factors (safety compliance, safety reporting, and safety participation). Demographic differences in safety culture were also evaluated. Findings suggest significant predictive relationships between SMS and observed safety culture outcomes. There was also a significant mediation role of safety motivation between SMS and some observed safety culture outcomes. Results suggest that senior or upper-level students were found to have significantly lower reported safety reporting behavior as compared to lower-level students. Domestic students were found to have higher scores for safety reporting behavior compared to international students. Results also suggest an apparent SMS knowledge gap among respondents, and implementing initial and recurrent higher-level SMS courses as part of collegiate aviation program academic syllabuses may be helpful. Other implications for policy and practices in collegiate aviation safety culture and recommendations for future research are highlighted. PubDate: Sat, 06 May 2023 14:19:24 PDT
Authors:DEEPUDEV SAHADEVAN NEELAKANDAN et al. Abstract: Aviation is expected to face a surge in the number of manned aircraft and drones in the coming years, making it necessary to integrate Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) into Air Traffic Management (ATM) to ensure safe and efficient operations. This research proposes a novel hexagonal grid-based 4D trajectory representation framework for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) traffic management that overcomes the limitations of existing square/cubic trajectory representation methods. The proposed model employs a hierarchical indexing structure using hexagonal cells, enabling efficient ground based strategic conflict detection and conflict free 4D trajectory planning. Additionally, the use of Hexagonal Discrete Global Grid Systems provides a more accurate representation of UAV trajectories, improved sampling efficiency and higher angular resolution. The proposed approach can be used for predeparture conflict free 4D trajectory planning, reducing computational complexity and memory requirements while improving the accuracy of strategic trajectory conflict detection. The proposed framework can also be extended for air traffic flow management trajectory planning, Air Traffic Control (ATC) workload measurement, sector capacity estimation, dynamics airspace sectorization using hexagonal sectors and traffic density calculation, contributing to the development of an efficient UTM system, and facilitating the integration of UAVs into the national airspace system with ATM PubDate: Mon, 01 May 2023 08:45:06 PDT
Authors:Tüzün Tolga İnan Abstract: Safety is the most significant factor that affected incidents (non-fatal) and accidents (fatal) in civil aviation history related to scheduled flights. In the history of scheduled flights, the total incident and accident number until 2022 is 1988. In this study, 677 of them are taken into consideration since 11 September 2001. The purpose of this study is to reveal the factors that can classify type of aircraft damages such as none, minor and substantial in all-time incidents and accidents. ML algorithms with different configurations are applied for the classification process. The RFE and PCA are used to find the most important factors that are effective on the classification. Four components are found with PCA as zone, weather, time, and history. The results of multinomial logistic regression and ANNs showed that the most important 5 features are latitude, wind speed, wind direction, year, and longitude to classify aircraft damage. Then, temperature, total number of injury passenger, and month factors comes with more than 50% importance. The managerial implication of the study shows that as time passes the number of substantial accidents has decreased due to increasing level of safety precautions in civil aviation. PubDate: Mon, 17 Apr 2023 11:06:31 PDT
Authors:Shazreen shaharuddin Abstract: Acute hypoxia is a significant physiological danger during high-altitude flying and military aircraft missions. The human brain requires a constant supply of oxygen to function properly, and is susceptible to settings with low availability of air oxygen. Hypoxia can influence inflammatory signalling, and both central and systemic responses can activate HIF pathway genes. HIFs are critical molecules that regulate inflammation andhypoxia, ensuring appropriate cell function and survival. Hypoxia is the condition in which insufficient oxygen reaches the body's tissues. It can be caused by a decrease in partial oxygen pressure (PO2) in the environment, problems with breathing and/or oxygen transport, or the inability of tissues to utilise oxygen. Different organs are hypoxic due to differences in tissue oxygen tensions, which are determined by differences in aerobic metabolism. Extremely hypoxic individuals have the most dramatic systemic and neurological adaptations to persistent hypoxia. In this review, we provide an overview of central and systemic responses to hypoxia and discuss the activation of HIF-1 pathway. PubDate: Mon, 17 Apr 2023 11:06:24 PDT
Authors:Robert Fowler Jr et al. Abstract: The number of women and minorities working in aviation occupations has been very low and continues to be very low according to data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Occupations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) include aircraft pilots, flight engineers, aircraft mechanics and service technicians. Although the ratio of women and minorities working in these occupations remains low, data from the BLS indicates that the total number of individuals from these underrepresented groups who work in these occupations has increased in the last 2 decades. This research focuses on BLS data to determine employment trends between 2002 and 2021. Assuming that these trends continue, they can be used to predict the number of women and minorities working in these occupations in the future. This research seeks to answer 2 important questions: Is the rate of increase in women and minorities who work in these aviation occupations greater than the rate of increase for White males' If the number of women and minorities who work in these aviation occupations continues to increase at the same rate, what will the aviation workforce of the future look like' Answering these questions will help aviation industry decision makers implement programs that will help recruit and retain more women and minorities to work in these highly paid occupations. Women and minorities represent an untapped reservoir of talent that could help the aviation industry avoid a shortage of qualified pilots and service technicians. PubDate: Mon, 17 Apr 2023 11:06:13 PDT
Authors:Peter O'Reilly et al. Abstract: This research project aims to investigate fuel tankering practices in the aviation industry, exploring their relation to carbon emissions and evaluating the Brazilian fuel tankering scenario in comparison to global and national policies and regulations. The study recommends sustainable national measures and compares global practices for minimizing the higher emissions due to fuel tankering. The results of the study show that the Brazilian aviation industry can sustainably neutralize the carbon emissions from the fuel tankering practice. The study recommends that airlines allocate part of the savings generated to purchasing carbon credits to offset the carbon emitted. Future research should focus on all members of the aviation ecosystem and external factors, including the fuel tankering post-pandemic scenario, the development of biofuels, and the global, cross-country analysis of fuel tankering strategies and their managerial processes. PubDate: Mon, 17 Apr 2023 11:06:03 PDT
Authors:Panagiotis Kioulepoglou et al. Abstract: Single Pilot Operations (SPO) have drawn significant attention during the last years, as a result of the increased dual flight crew expenses, and as a remedy to the impending pilot shortage which is estimated to manifest itself in the following years. The main objective of this study was to explore the factors that influence the Greek passengers’ acceptance of SPO. To that end, 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed through Thematic Analysis by combining both a priori and inductive coding procedures.Qualitative findings of this process revealed seven factors influencing passengers’ intention to accept and fly with a SPO aircraft. The three predominant factors were the reputation of the airline company, the degree of passengers’ knowledge regarding SPO safety, and the track record of successful SPO over time. Furthermore, four additional factors were found to influence passengers’ intention such as the urgency to travel, the price of the SPO tickets, the social pressure, and the duration of the flight.By drawing on the current study’s findings, specific recommendations are proposed in the case of SPO implementation, especially from the industry’s perspective. Finally, it is advised for any future SPO marketing strategy to take into consideration such factors that can eventually result in a smoother transition to single-piloted flights. PubDate: Wed, 29 Mar 2023 11:59:16 PDT
Authors:Stephen Rice et al. Abstract: Alarms have been in use for many decades, yet there still needs to be more clarity about what makes a good alarm. Vendors and government agencies have developed several useful handbooks describing the Do’s and Don’ts of effective alarm design; however, to date, we cannot find a comprehensive quantitative taxonomy or classification system that allows researchers to easily score and rank various alarm designs in any field—while using a common language that users, engineers, designers, and human factors professionals can understand. The Alarm Taxonomy and Classification System (ATACS) fills this gap in the literature by breaking alarms down into categorical characteristics, providing a quantitative methodology for scoring each characteristic, and outlining a process by which users, vendors, and human factors professionals can agree on the efficacy of the alarm in question. We discuss this process in detail and show how this system was used to improve landing gear warnings. PubDate: Sat, 25 Mar 2023 11:42:51 PDT
Open Access journal
