 Subjects -> AERONAUTICS AND SPACE FLIGHT (Total: 124 journals)
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- Model for Strategic Management of Technological Innovation in Science and
Technology Institutions in the Brazilian Aerospace Sector: A Proposal
Authors: Nestor Brandão Neto, Breno Ricardo de Araújo Leite, Francisco Cristovão Lourenço de Melo
Abstract: Public Science and Technology Institutions (STIs) need to assume and consolidate a proactive role in innovation management to transform knowledge advances into appropriate results for the industrial base. It is required a strategic managerial action aimed at sustaining the sector’s ecosystem and guided by the principle of entrepreneurship. Considering the context of STIs in an integrated approach to the technological innovation process, two questions were raised: How to guarantee an architecture and organizational governance that favor entrepreneurial behavior by linking it to the technological innovation strategy in the ecosystem, and how to expand and promote interactions among ecosystem agents, ensuring an environment leading to innovation and the dissemination of the knowledge generated. The proposed managerial model can be applied in any national or international technology-based innovation ecosystem keeping the characteristics of the business environment. The authors used extensive literature research and direct observation to develop ideas and link them to this management practice. The result was a strategic innovation management model for technology-based STIs. It has management instruments that enhance the proactive performance of ecosystem agents and helps them transfer and absorb the developed technologies.
PubDate: 2023-09-20
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Air Transport Industry: A
Bibliometric and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Abderrahmane Moubarek Sadou, Eric Tchouamou Njoya
Abstract: The use of artificial intelligence, along with its various components, is rapidly increasing in various fields of study today, going beyond the traditional domains of computer science and mathematics. To gain insights into how artificial intelligence is being applied in the air transport industry, uncover underlying correlations and trends in the literature, and identify potential research gaps, we conducted a systematic literature review supplemented with bibliometric elements such as keyword co-occurrence and author influence. The key findings of our research shed light on the most prolific institutions and authors globally involved in generating knowledge about AI applications in air transport. Additionally, we identified five research clusters that dominate the overall research direction: prediction and optimisation (constituting 65% of the articles), inter- industry collaborations (17% of the articles), human experience (9% of the articles), safety, risks, and ethical considerations (6% of the articles), and ecology and sustainable development (3% of the articles). Overall, further research is needed to explore the ethical implications, legal considerations, integration processes, and impact on employment and the environment in the air transport industry.
PubDate: 2023-09-20
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Smart Cabin Design Concept for Regional Aircraft: Technologies,
Applications & Architecture
Authors: Eduardo Leite Simões Silva, Alison Oliveira Moraes, Flávia Renata Dantas Alves Silva Ciaccia
Abstract: The use of smart devices is driving the growth of modern systems markets, resulting in more technological cities, cars, houses, and airplanes. Therefore, it is important to understand which smart technologies can support or even fulfill stakeholder needs and consequently enhance airplane operation and increase product competitiveness for airlines. This paper is the second of two-part series and has as its main objective the study of smart technologies that can be implemented on cabins of regional airplanes, from 60 to 120 seats, to comply with the needs and requirements pre-established on the first part of this series of articles. The integration of those technologies results in a “Smart Cabin” architecture which its purpose is to enhances the passenger experience by granting a new level of cabin comfort, customization, and connectivity that allows the reduction of airplane time on ground because of the real-time monitoring of airplane cabin components that enables the prediction of maintenance procedures; creates new profits and revenues opportunities for services, provides a more sustainable airplane operation and derived services, and creates new business opportunities for all companies that integrate regional aviation ecosystem.
PubDate: 2023-08-21
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Smart Cabin Design Concept for Regional Aircraft: Challenges, Future
Aspects & Requirements
Authors: Eduardo Leite Simões Silva, Alison Oliveira Moraes, Flávia Renata Dantas Alves Silva Ciaccia
Abstract: New technologies are increasingly being implemented in people’s daily lives and with the growth of smart devices around the globe, the users’ needs and demands have changed in favor of more technological cities, cars, houses, and airplanes. Therefore, it is important to define the stakeholder’s needs and requirements to understand which technologies, smart or not, can be implemented on the cabin to support or even fulfill stakeholder needs. Consequently, those technologies enhance airplane operation and increase product competitiveness for airlines. This paper is the first of a two-part series where design thinking tools are applied to establish high-level requirements based on the concept of a “Smart Cabin” for regional airplanes from 60 to 120 seats. To achieve this goal, a series of methods such as stakeholders’ studies, personas creation and user journey methods are used. The Smart Cabin concept aims to enhance the passenger experience by granting a new level of cabin comfort, customization and connectivity that allows the reduction of airplane time on ground because of the real-time monitoring of airplane cabin components that enables the prediction of maintenance procedures, creates new profits and revenues opportunities for services, provides a more sustainable airplane operation and derived services, and creates new business opportunities for all companies that integrate regional aviation ecosystem.
PubDate: 2023-08-21
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Influence of 2D and 3D Arrangements of Aramid Fibers on the Dart Drop Test
of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Carlos Alberto Fernandes Marlet, Thiago de Carvalho Silva, Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende
Abstract: The use of continuous fibers reinforced polymeric composites has increased substantially in the last year’s due to their high specific mechanical strength compared to other materials. Despite this property, this class of material is susceptible to low, medium, or high energy impacts, which can cause severe damage to composite laminates. One of the most serious damages is delamination, which can lead to partial or total rupture of the structure. In order to minimize this problem, several studies have been carried out in this area. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the influence of aramid reinforcement with bi-directional (2D) and tri-directional (3D) arrangements impregnated with two epoxy resins of different stiffness on the impact strength of composites submitted to the 340 J dart drop test. The impact results showed that the 2D composites had lower impact strength than the 3D ones, with the presence of perforations (when impregnated with the more rigid resin) and delaminations. Delaminations occurred regardless of the epoxy resin used in the impregnation. On the other hand, the 3D composites impregnated with the less rigid epoxy matrix absorbed more energy (3DF: 97.9%) with less deformation and no delamination compared to the 2D laminate (2DF: 96.1%) produced.
PubDate: 2023-08-21
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Hybrid Method for Constrained and Unconstrained Trajectory Optimization of
Space Transportation
Authors: Iman Shafieenejad
Abstract: In this research, a new method named δ to solve non-linear constrained and un constrained optimal control problems for trajectory optimization was proposed. The main objective of this method was defined as solving optimal control problems by the combination of the orthogonal functions, the heuristic optimization techniques, and the principles of optimal control theory. Three orthogonal functions Fourier, Chebyshev, and Legendre were considered to approximate the control variables. Also, GA-PSO and imperialist competition algorithms were considered as heuristic optimization techniques. Moreover, the motivation of the mentioned method belonged to a novel combination of zero Hamiltonian in the optimal control theory, optimality conditions, and newly proposed criteria. Furthermore, lunar landing, asteroid rendezvous, and low-thrust orbital transfer with respect to minimumtime and minimum-fuel criteria were investigated to show the ability of the proposed method in regard to constrained and un constrained optimal control problems. Results demonstrated that the δ method has high accuracy in the optimal control theory for non-linear problems. Hence, the δ method allows space trajectory and mission designers to solve optimal control problems with a simple and precise method for future works and studies.
PubDate: 2023-08-11
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Indirect Connection Analysis Based on Wave-system Structures of Airlines
Architecture in Hub Airport
Authors: Zhou Xiang, Han Ruiling, Zhang Xiaoyan, Du Xiaohu
Abstract: Slot resources are limited and not properly allocated, and the wave-system structures of airlines can organize slot time effectively. The article identifies and evaluates the wave-system structure of Beijing Daxing International Airport and Beijing Capital International Airport. It is found that: the wave-system of Beijing Capital International Airport is more obvious than that of Beijing Daxing International Airport, and the density and amplitude of waves are higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring; the system waveforms of both Daxing Airport and Capital Airport are in the shape of morning and evening peaks; the indirect connection quality of flights from different departure airports via Capital Airport is higher than that of Daxing Airport; the indirect connections to destination airports via the two airports in Beijing are uneven in spatial distribution. The spatial distribution of indirect connections to destination airports via the two airports is uneven, but the wave-system plays a significant role in connecting small and medium-sized regional airports.
PubDate: 2023-08-11
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Formation of a Regionally Oriented Structure and Number of the Airline’s
Helicopter Fleet Based on Consumer Preferences of Customers
Authors: Yuriy Krivolutsky
Abstract: The aim of the work is to develop conceptual directions for the structure formation and the number of airline’s fleet based on satisfying consumer preferences of enterprises-customers of helicopter operations. The helicopters currently in operation cannot fully satisfy the requirements of customers in terms of their flight technical and economic characteristics, which leads to a decrease in their use and it negatively affects the economy of the airline and corresponding economic region. There is a real need to update and expand the type and fleet of Russian-made helicopters, which will better meet the requirements of the helicopter operations market. To solve it, a helicopter manufacturing enterprise needs to carefully study the market requirements for existing and new types of helicopters, its volumes, formation trends, prices, operating costs, service systems, etc. The work presents a model that makes it possible to formulate for each airline the need for helicopters of various types and specializations for each year of the forecasting period has been developed, depending on the dynamics of changes in the level of socio-economic development of the region and the corresponding changes in the airline’s flight operations, considering the effective demand. It also makes it possible to predict promising types and helicopter fleet.
PubDate: 2023-08-11
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Position and Attitude Control Based on Single Neuron PID With Gravity
Compensation for Quad Rotor UAV
Authors: Haitao Zhang, Lulu Yang
Abstract: Aimed at the deficiency of existing PID controller for quad rotor UAV, a single neuron PID controller with gravity compensation is presented. After using feed forward control to compensate gravity, the position loop adopts PID control to ensure control accuracy, while the attitude loop adopts single neuron control to increase adaptive ability. Then, by using Matlab/simulink simulation software, the position control of quad rotor UAV is carried out, and the simulation result shows, compared with the traditional double closed loop PID controller, the control algorithm based on the Single Neuron adaptive PID with gravity compensation can effectively improve the robustness and adaptability of the quad rotor UAV system.
PubDate: 2023-07-04
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Performance Enhancement of a Solar Air Collector Using a V-Corrugated
Absorber
Authors: Angham Fadil Abed, Ruaa Braz Dahham, Noora Abdul Wahid Hashim , Raisan Faris Hamad
Abstract: Solar energy is one of the most efficient forms of renewable energy. Solar air collectors are promising utilization of solar energy. The present study used unsteady three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis to investigate the heat transfer and fluid friction in solar air collectors with smooth and v-corrugation absorber plates. The studied parameters are Reynolds number, v-corrugation height, and pitch. Three Reynolds number (500, 1000, 1500) values were used with three arrangements configuration of the v-corrugation of relative heights of 0.10, 0.16, and 0.23. Roughness pitches varied between 1.33, 1.66, and 2. By comparing the simulated thermal efficiency with the currently known experimental values, great agreement can be approved. Results show the superiority of the performance of v-corrugated collector against the traditional or smooth type. The outlet temperature obtained in case of relative roughness height = 0.23 and relative roughness pitch = 2 is 61 °C, while it is 53 °C for a smooth type. Also, a higher thermal efficiency of 46.7 % can be obtained compared to 33.01% for smooth type.
PubDate: 2023-07-04
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Simulation Based Predictive Analysis of Indian Airport Transportation
System Using Computational Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Perepi Rajarajeswari, P Lalitha Surya Kumari, A. Sree Lakshmi, S.R. Mugunthan, Prathipati Ratna Kumar, Pranayanath Reddy Ananthula
Abstract: Normally, flight delays and cancellations have significant impact on airlines operations and passenger’s satisfaction. Flight delays reduce the performance of airline operations and make significant effect on airports on time performance. Previously statistical models have been used for flight delays analysis. This study was applied in Indian aviation industry and it has given statistical analysis of domestic airlines. In this research paper, we have applied Machine Learning models with the help of computational intelligence techniques for predicting airport transport management system. We have also applied computational intelligence techniques such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colonization Optimization (ACO) to optimize the prediction model for delay period time and calculating the most optimal dependability. We have made comprehensive analysis of Data Efficiency Model for different airlines with various approaches as well as comparative analysis of accuracy for predicting airport model by using various machine learning models. In this study we have presented invaluable insights for the analysis of flight delay models.
PubDate: 2023-06-28
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Electromagnetic Behavior of Cu and Ni Nanofilms in the X-band
Authors: Vitor Fernando de Melo Gonçalves, Erick Gabriel Ribeiro dos Anjos, Guilherme Ferreira de Melo Morgado, Tayra Rodrigues Brazil, Maurício Ribeiro Baldan, Maria Aparecida Miranda de Souza, Evandro Luís Nohara, Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende
Abstract: Currently, the presence of spurious microwave radiation is increasing in the environment, which has caused concern due to possible health problems in living beings and electromagnetic interference in electronic systems. To control this problem, studies in the materials area are taking place, aiming to attenuate the spurious radiation and meet requirements of good performance in broadband, low cost and low weight. The present work aimed to study Cu and Ni nanometric films with thicknesses of 65 and 200 nm, deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrate by magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy with a field emission gun (FEGSEM) showed that the films produced have different morphological textures, due to the parameters used in the sputtering process and also the free energy of metals. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the films have low conductivity values, due to the metallic oxides formed on the film surfaces, confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and also to the presence of defects. Electromagnetic characterization (8.2 – 12.4 GHz) showed that the Cu and Ni thin films had low performance, except the Ni_200 nm film, which showed a total shielding efficiency of about 30% in broadband. This result is promising considering the nanometric thickness of the Ni film.
PubDate: 2023-06-26
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- A Multi-Step Sequential System Optimization Design Method for Upper Stages
Authors: Vahid Bohlouri, Mostafa Zakeri, Mehran Nosratollahi
Abstract: This paper proposes a new approach in multi-step sequential system optimization (MSSO) to implement a conceptual design for satellite upper stage with a maneuver in the conditions close to reality. In this method of design, there are two main cycles; trajectory optimization cycle and optimal design cycle, each one is correlated to each other in another cycle called configuration. In the trajectory optimization, the optimization objective is to place the upper stage in the destination orbit, using the minimum amount of fuel consumption. In this cycle, a new approach has been introduced for a three-dimensional trajectory using two genetic algorithms inside each other. In addition, selecting the suitable engine is carried out in this cycle. Convergence of design and exclusion of design are carried out in the configuration cycle. Convergence and optimization of subsystems design are carried out in the optimal design cycle. The innovations of this paper are implementation of the design according to multi-step sequential system design in which optimization is performed step by step, and orbital optimization is introduced according to a new approach. Choosing a desirable criterion for optimization process and proper coefficient for convergence in design, are among considerable characteristics of this paper. Validation has been performed using one of the upper stages in the world.
PubDate: 2023-06-26
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Design & Implementation of an Electric Fixed-wing Hybrid VTOL UAV for
Asset Monitoring
Authors: Sarvesh Sonkar, Prashant Kumar, Yuvaraj Tanjore Puli, Riya Catherine George, Deepu Philip, Ajoy Kanti Ghosh
Abstract: Fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer the best aerodynamic efficiency required for long-distance or high-endurance applications, albeit their runway requirement for take-off and landing in comparison with quadcopters, helicopters, and flapping-wing UAVs that can perform vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). Integrating a multirotor system with a fixed-wing UAV imparts VTOL capabilities without significantly compromising fixed-wing aerodynamic efficiency, endurance, payload capacity or range. Documented system design approaches to address various challenges of such fusion processes are sparse. This research proposes a holistic approach for designing, prototyping, and testing an electric-powered fixed-wing hybrid VTOL UAV. The proposed system design approach augments the standard aircraft design process with additional steps to integrate VTOL capabilities. Separate fixed-wing and multirotor designs were derived from the frozen mission requirements, which were then fused. The process used simulation for modeling and evaluating alternatives for the hybrid UAV created using standard aircraft design equations. We prototyped and instrumented the final design to validate operational capabilities through test flights. Multiple flight trials identified the ideal combination of Lithium-Polymer (Li-Po) batteries for VTOL (8000mAh) and fixed-wing (14000mAh) modes to meet the endurance and range requirements. The redundant power supplies also increased the survivability chances of the hybrid UAV during failures.
PubDate: 2023-05-26
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- National Competitive Advantage Perspective of Global Aviation Hubs: The
Middle East Big Three
Authors: Stephen Moreland , Mahmoud Alajaty , Eric Tchouamou Njoya
Abstract: Airports are seen as a crucial component of infrastructure in the construction of modern cities in the Middle East, where aviation is recognized as a top priority in their development strategy. While the airline industry in the Middle has been investigated, there are no studies that explored the region’s successful global aviation hubs from a national competitive advantage perspective. Therefore, this paper examines the macro environmental elements affecting a nation’s competitiveness in the aviation industry using a mixed-methods approach, including Porter’s notion of national competitive advantage and expert views. The analysis shows that while macro environmental factors such as geographical advantage, physical and intellectual infrastructure, and business attractiveness are important for a successful aviation development, they are not necessarily required to guarantee a hub status unless the governments are devoted to developing the sector.
PubDate: 2023-05-12
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Design, Prototyping and Stratospheric Launch of CubeSats for University
Competition
Authors: Diego Anestor Coutinho, Pedro Lucas Siqueira Paulino, Arielli Ajudarte da Conceição, Sthefany Farias Vilela, Guilherme Pedro Aquino, Antonio Alves Ferreira Junior, Evandro Cesar Vilas Boas
Abstract: This work presents the design and prototyping of two 1U standard CubeSats for the First Brazilian MCTI Satellite Olympiad, launching one in a stratospheric helium-filled balloon. The nanosatellites were designed for two missions: Internet of Things connectivity in remote areas based on CubeSat (IoSat) and low-orbit harmful gamma radiation mapping (LOHGRM). The IoSat mission aimed to provide server connectivity for a remote sensor network. The LOHGRM CubeSat was designed for sensing and mapping gamma radiation power levels in the satellite’s orbit to construct a heat map to study the gamma radiation effect on the equipment. The prototype’s performance was evaluated based on physical, mechanical, magnetic, thermal, and transmission characterization, with satisfactory results under test conditions. The LOHGRM mission test was carried out on the ground as proof of concept without flying while a stratospheric balloon launched the IoSat prototype. Due to restrictions imposed by the competition, the IoSat nanosatellite only captured and registered altitude, pressure, and temperature data without testing the communication payload. Instead, this data was sent to the ground station through the competition communication system and stored in a memory card to assess its operation during the flying. The satellite’s maximum altitude was 22.6 km, operating under –23.5 °C.
PubDate: 2023-04-17
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Recent Advances in Solar Cells for Aerospace Applications: Materials and
Technologies
Authors: Rodrigo Savio Pessoa, Mariana Amorim Fraga
PubDate: 2023-04-17
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Study of Head-Pursuit Cooperative Guidance Law for Near-space Hypersonic
Interceptor
Authors: Chenqi Zhu, Xiang Liu
Abstract: In order to intercept hypersonic vehicles in near-space, a head-pursuit cooperative guidance law is proposed in this paper. Firstly, interceptors are regarded as multi-agents, and the communication relationship between them is represented by graph theory. Based on the time consistency theory of multi-agent system and sliding mode theory, a guidance law is designed along line-of-sight (LOS) to ensure the time cooperation of interceptors. Secondly, considering the requirement of the head-pursuit theory to the lead angle, a finite-time guidance law is designed perpendicular to LOS to ensure that each interceptor can complete head-pursuit interception. For the purpose of improving the intercept precision, extended state observers are used to estimate the system disturbances. The correctness of the guidance law is analyzed by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, numerical simulations are presented and the results further verify the correctness of the guidance law.
PubDate: 2023-03-24
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Experimental Investigation of the CFHT-27 Cusped-Field Hall Thruster
Performance
Authors: Emin Saridede, Selcen Yediyildiz, Murat Celik
Abstract: Cusped-field Hall thrusters (CFHT) have significant potential for use in many space missions due to their simplicity, long life and high efficiency. CFHT-27, designed and developed at the Bogazici University Space Technologies Laboratory (BUSTLab), is a prototype CFHT with a 27-mm diameter discharge channel. CFHT-27 utilizes samarium-cobalt (SmCo) permanent magnets. The thrust and efficiency of a cusped-field thruster is closely related to its size and design parameters. In this study, in order to understand the relationships between the design parameters and the thruster performance, the performance tests of the CFHT27 are carried out for a given magnetic field topology. The thruster was operated at discharge voltages ranging from 250 to 500V with argon propellant with up to 3,000 s of specific impulse. The measurements show that CFHT-27 can achieve thrust values from 1 to 46 mN. Thus, this thruster can be used for a wide range of thrust values allowing throttle capabilities for different missions.
PubDate: 2023-03-24
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- A Retrospective of Global Navigation Satellite System Ionospheric
Irregularities Monitoring Networks in Brazil
Authors: Eurico Rodrigues de Paula, João Francisco Galera Monico, Ítalo Hirokazu Tsuchiya, Cesar Enrique Valladares, Sônia Maria Alves Costa, Leonardo Marini-Pereira, Bruno César Vani , Alison de Oliveira Moraes
Abstract: The use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for air and terrestrial navigation and for many applications is increasing in the last decades. However, the Earth’s ionosphere causes GNSS signal delay due to the total electron content (TEC) and scintillation in the signal phase and amplitude. This scintillation can give rise to deleterious effects in the GNSS positioning. So, it is important to assess the effects of the ionosphere over the GNSS signal. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to have a large spatial and temporal coverage of data from many different sounders, being the GNSS receivers of great importance due to their global coverage and availability. In this work, we present a retrospective of the scintillation monitoring networks in Brazil and their characteristics. As the RBMC network managed by the IBGE provides TEC and as rate of TEC index (ROTI) is well correlated with ionospheric irregularities, we present also the RBMC network description. These RBMC GNSS receivers provide data in regions with scarcity of scintillation monitors. The description of the Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring Receivers (ISMR) Query Tool, that is a web software that has been supporting research on the ISMR data, is also presented.
PubDate: 2023-02-09
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- Three-Dimensional Thermohydrodynamic Analysis of Journal Bearing
Lubricated by Magnetic Fluids with Couple Stresses
Authors: Ruaa Braz Dahham , Noora A. Hashim , Fatima Mohammed K. Al-Fatlwe
Abstract: Couple stresses because of magnetic particles additives on the lubrication performance of a journal bearing system was embraced and scrutinized in the current examinations theoretically. The governing equations of Reynolds (pressure field), energy (temperature field), and heat conduction (temperature field through the solids) are coupled and solved instantaneously in term of temperature and viscosity. After these set of equation pressure is obtained, it is used to obtain the bearing characteristic. It was found that the load currying capacity and maximum pressure are increased due the employing of magnetic fluids along with the couple stresses, as well as side leakage flow and the friction coefficient are decreased. It can be also concluded that the magnetic fluids with couple stresses are better lubricant than magnetic fluid only, Newtonian fluids, and couple stress fluid = 0.
PubDate: 2023-02-09
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
- The Coming of Age of Space Satellite Industry: Transitioning from a Growth
to a Maturity Life Cycle Phase
Authors: Leonel Fernando Perondi
Abstract: From the perspective of the evolution of modern mass-production industrial sectors, the establishment of an industry can occur in a typical sequence of four conceptual phases: the introduction phase, in which a new technological concept is introduced; the growth phase, in which application of this concept in the form of a product or service is undertaken; the maturity phase, in which the direct use of the product and the advent of product-enabled services establish the new economic sector, and an eventual decline phase when one or more substitute products appear. Most of the current industrial products may be considered systems. The application of established concepts, such as interchangeable parts, permits firms to manufacture systems on a large scale, making sophisticated products available to society at manageable prices. The large availability of a product in a socioeconomic environment favors the use of this product in innovative ways, many of them unprecedented. In this way, introducing an innovative product in the market may nucleate a whole new industry over time, which may experience growth either through the continual evolvement of the product or expansion of the breadth of applications. Recent years have shown impressive development in the space industry. This article presents data that suggests that the global satellite space industry is transitioning from a growth to a maturity stage. It will be argued that barriers to entry are still at a level that permits Brazil, given its current position, to engage in the global space industry.
PubDate: 2023-02-09
Issue No: Vol. 15 (2023)
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