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Tire Science and Technology
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ISSN (Print) 0090-8657
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Tire Science and Technology Author Index to Volume 49 2021
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  Pages: 332 - 335
  PubDate: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.2346/1945-5852-49.4.332
  Issue No: Vol. 49, No. 4 (2022)
Tire Science and Technology Keyword Index to Volume 49 2021
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  Pages: 336 - 342
  PubDate: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.2346/1945-5852-49.4.336
  Issue No: Vol. 49, No. 4 (2022)
Isogeometric Analysis for Tire Simulations: From Mesh Generation to High
Precision Results
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  Authors: Israfilova A; Garcia MA, Kaliske M.
  Pages: 260 - 275
  Abstract: ABSTRACTIsogeometric analysis (IGA) has become an alternative to standard finite element analysis (FEA) in many areas of engineering. Its powerful tools for model generation and flexibility of basis functions make this relatively new approach attractive for tire analysis and its computational challenges.This contribution summarizes the benefits of IGA for complex tire simulations starting from model generation and the subsequent transition to the environment of numerical analysis without losing accuracy at the parametrizing stage. It presents results of further development work on earlier pioneering examples of the application of IGA in pneumatic tire analysis. In addition to the analysis of vertical stiffness, for the first time, velocity and acceleration fields are addressed and compared with experimental results and standard FEA simulations, with a focus on benefits of the continuity of basis functions within the contact patch. The numerical issues that arise in IGA at the enforcement of contact and the application of inelastic materials with inclusions of reinforcing layers are studied. Moreover, the important advantages of the possibility to use higher order functions for simulations of tire maneuvers are addressed within the steady-state framework. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the capabilities of IGA. Concluding remarks on the results close the publication.
  PubDate: Fri, 16 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.2346/tire.21.20021
  Issue No: Vol. 49, No. 4 (2021)
In-Plane Bending and Shear Deformation of Belt Contributions on Tire
Cornering Stiffness Characteristics
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  Authors: Gil G; Lee S.
  Pages: 276 - 297
  Abstract: ABSTRACTIn radial tires, belt structure plays a role of minimizing the lateral deflection of carcass, which has a significant influence on the cornering and wear properties of a tire. The deflection of carcass affects the magnitude of tread block deformation when the tire is under the slip angle. As a result, it can change the cornering stiffness characteristics of the tire, especially when the vertical load is high.During tire development, a tire design engineer tries to find the optimal belt ply angle that satisfies the various performance requirements simultaneously, but it is not an easy task because the effect of belt angle change is different depending on the size of the tire. There have been many attempts to construct a mathematical model that represents the structural properties of the belt package, including the string-based model and the beam on elastic foundation model. But, in many cases, only the in-plane bending of belt is considered and the shear deformation is not taken into consideration.In this study, the effect of belt angle change on belt stiffness is analyzed using a mathematical model based on the Timoshenko beam theory. This model can account for the in-plane bending and shear deformation of the belt structure at the same time. The results of the analysis show how the contribution of bending and shear is changed depending on a tire design parameter, herein the belt cord angle. The effect of belt ply angle change on cornering stiffness is investigated by means of the brush model including belt flexibility. The prediction by the brush model is compared with the measurement using a Flat-trac machine, and the validity of the model is discussed.
  PubDate: Tue, 21 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.2346/tire.20.190213
  Issue No: Vol. 49, No. 4 (2020)
Development of a Characterization Method of Tire-Handling Dynamics Based
on an Optical Measuring System
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  Authors: Liu C; Kubenz J, Prokop G, et al.
  Pages: 298 - 314
  Abstract: ABSTRACTTire force and moment (F&M) characteristics are important for the analysis and design of vehicle-handling dynamics and ride comfort. Compared with a general tire F&M measuring method, it provides a detailed insight into the generation of tire F&M characteristics by measuring the tire carcass deformation during static and side-slip maneuvers. A tire observation system with two GOM optical measuring facilities was developed to characterize the tire carcass deformation of the standing and rolling tire. Structural parameters of tire carcass flexibility have been identified based on a polynomial physical tire model with the help of measured bending curves of the tire carcass. A good correlation between the measured and estimated tire force and moment has proven the validity of the developed characterization method.
  PubDate: Thu, 03 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.2346/tire.20.190214
  Issue No: Vol. 49, No. 4 (2020)
Bioenveloping Inorganic Filler-Based Eggshell Wastes for Enhancing the
Properties of Natural Rubber Biocomposites
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  Authors: Moustafa H; El-Mogy S, Ibrahim SA, et al.
  Pages: 315 - 331
  Abstract: ABSTRACTIn this study, eggshell (ES) wastes were used as a renewable reinforcing material in natural rubber (NR) composite to limit carbon production. Long bio-alkyd resin (LAR) was also used to envelope the inorganic ES particles and to aid in dispersing the filler in the NR matrix. The effect of the coated ES filler (ESR) in the rubber mix on the morphology, mechanical properties, and swelling was investigated. The ES filler and its biocomposites were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared imaging microscope (FT-IR-IM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphological data reveal that the resin enhances the dispersion of the ES filler in the NR matrix. These data were confirmed by the results obtained from FT-IR-IM. The swelling and mechanical properties were significantly improved when the coated filler was used in NR matrix, especially at 20 wt.% ESR. DSC thermograms revealed that the increase in the resin caused the glass transition temperature (Tg) to be shifted to a lower temperature. The obtained results show that the bioenveloping ESR can be used as potential alternative for green tire and vehicle applications rather than conventional petroleum-based filler.
  PubDate: Thu, 03 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT
  DOI: 10.2346/tire.20.20002
  Issue No: Vol. 49, No. 4 (2020)