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Similar Journals
 Uniform Distribution TheoryNumber of Followers: 0     Open Access journal ISSN (Print) 1336-913X - ISSN (Online) 2309-5377 Published by Sciendo  [370 journals]
• Divisibility Parameters and the Degree of Kummer Extensions of Number
Fields

• Abstract: Let K be a number field, and let ℓ be a prime number. Fix some elements α1,...,αr of K× which generate a subgroup of K× of rank r. Let n1,...,nr, m be positive integers with m ⩾ ni for every i. We show that there exist computable parametric formulas (involving only a finite case distinction) to express the degree of the Kummer extension K(ζℓm, α1ℓn1,…,αrℓnr\root {{\ell ^{{n_1}}}} \of {{\alpha _1}} , \ldots ,\root {{\ell ^{{n_r}}}} \of {{\alpha _r}}) over K(ζℓm) for all n1,..., nr, m. This is achieved with a new method with respect to a previous work, namely we determine explicit formulas for the divisibility parameters which come into play.
PubDate: Wed, 02 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

• From Randomness in Two Symbols to Randomness in Three Symbols

• Abstract: In 1909 Borel defined normality as a notion of randomness of the digits of the representation of a real number over certain base (fractional expansion). If we think of the representation of a number over a base as an infinite sequence of symbols from a finite alphabet A, we can define normality directly for words of symbols of A: A word x is normal to the alphabet A if every finite block of symbols from A appears with the same asymptotic frequency in x as every other block of the same length. Many examples of normal words have been found since its definition, being Champernowne in 1933 the first to show an explicit and simple instance. Moreover, it has been characterized how we can select subsequences of a normal word x preserving its normality, always leaving the alphabet A fixed. In this work we consider the dual problem which consists of inserting symbols in infinitely many positions of a given word, in such a way that normality is preserved. Specifically, given a symbol b that is not present in the original alphabet A and given a word x that is normal to the alphabet A we solve how to insert the symbol b in infinitely many positions of the word x such that the resulting word is normal to the expanded alphabet A ∪{b}.
PubDate: Wed, 02 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

• On the Distribution of Modulo One in Quadratic Number Fields

• Abstract: We investigate the distribution of αp modulo one in quadratic number fields 𝕂 with class number one, where p is restricted to prime elements in the ring of integers of 𝕂. Here we improve the relevant exponent 1/4 obtained by the first- and third-named authors for imaginary quadratic number fields [On the distribution of αp modulo one in imaginary quadratic number fields with class number one, J. Théor. Nombres Bordx. 32 (2020), no. 3, 719–760]) and by the first- and second-named authors for real quadratic number fields [Diophantine approximation with prime restriction in real quadratic number fields, Math. Z. (2021)] to 7/22. This generalizes a result of Harman [Diophantine approximation with Gaussian primes, Q. J. Math. 70 (2019), no. 4, 1505–1519] who obtained the same exponent 7/22 for ℚ (i) by extending his method which gave this exponent for ℚ [On the distribution of αp modulo one. II, Proc. London Math. Soc. 72, (1996), no. 3, 241–260]. Our proof is based on an extension of Harman’s sieve method to arbitrary number fields. Moreover, we need an asymptotic evaluation of certain smooth sums over prime ideals appearing in the above-mentioned work by the first- and second-named authors, for which we use analytic properties of Hecke L-functions with Größencharacters.
PubDate: Wed, 02 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

• Balance and Pattern Distribution of Sequences Derived from Pseudorandom
Subsets of ℤ

• Abstract: Let q be a positive integer and 𝒮={x0,x1,⋯,xT−1}⊆ℤq={0,1,…,q−1}{\scr S} = \{{x_0},{x_1}, \cdots ,{x_{T - 1}}\}\subseteq {{\rm{\mathbb Z}}_q} = \{0,1, \ldots ,q - 1\} with 0≤x0<x1<⋯<xT−1≤q−1.0 \le {x_0} < {x_1} <\cdots< {x_{T - 1}} \le q - 1.. We derive from S three (finite) sequences: (1) For an integer M ≥ 2let (sn)be the M-ary sequence defined by sn ≡ xn+1 − xn mod M, n =0, 1,...,T − 2.(2) For an integer m ≥ 2let (tn) be the binary sequence defined by sn≡xn+1−xn mod M,n=0,1,⋯,T−2.\matrix{{{s_n} \equiv {x_{n + 1}} - {x_n}\,\bmod \,M,} &#38; {n = 0,1, \cdots ,T - 2.}\cr} n =0, 1,...,T − 2.(3) Let (un) be the characteristic sequence of S, tn={1if 1≤xn+1−xn≤m−1,0,otherwise,n=0,1,…,T−2.\matrix{{{t_n} = \left\{{\matrix{1 \hfill &#38; {{\rm{if}}\,1 \le {x_{n + 1}} - {x_n} \le m - 1,} \hfill\cr{0,} \hfill &#38; {{\rm{otherwise}},} \hfill\cr}} \right.} &#38; {n = 0,1, \ldots ,T - 2.}\cr} n =0, 1,...,q − 1.We st...
PubDate: Wed, 02 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

• AO. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Reinhard Winkler (1964–2021) An Obituary

• PubDate: Wed, 02 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

• Mahler’s Conjecture on (3/2)mod 1

• Abstract: K. Mahler’s conjecture: There exists no ξ ∈ ℝ+ such that the fractional parts {ξ(3/2)n} satisfy 0 ≤ {ξ(3/2)n} < 1/2 for all n = 0, 1, 2,... Such a ξ, if exists, is called a Mahler’s Z-number. In this paper we prove that if ξ is a Z-number, then the sequence xn = {ξ(3/2)n}, n =1, 2,... has asymptotic distribution function c0(x), where c0(x)=1 for x ∈ (0, 1].
PubDate: Wed, 02 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

• Extreme Values of Euler-Kronecker Constants

• Abstract: In a family of Sn-fields (n ≤ 5), we show that except for a density zero set, the lower and upper bounds of the Euler-Kronecker constants are −(n − 1) log log dK+ O(log log log dK) and loglog dK + O(log log log dK), resp., where dK is the absolute value of the discriminant of a number field K.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT

• On the Classification of Solutions of Quantum Functional Equations with
Cyclic and Semi-Cyclic Supports

• Abstract: In this paper, we classify all solutions with cyclic and semi-cyclic semigroup supports of the functional equations arising from multiplication of quantum integers with fields of coefficients of characteristic zero. This also solves completely the classification problem proposed by Melvyn Nathanson and Yang Wang concerning the solutions, with semigroup supports which are not prime subsemigroups of ℕ, to these functional equations for the case of rational field of coefficients. As a consequence, we obtain some results for other problems raised by Nathanson concerning maximal solutions and extension of supports of solutions to these functional equations in the case where the semigroup supports are not prime subsemigroups of ℕ.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT

• Uniform Distribution of the Weighted Sum-of-Digits Functions

• Abstract: The higher-dimensional generalization of the weighted q-adic sum-of-digits functions sq,γ(n), n =0, 1, 2,..., covers several important cases of sequences investigated in the theory of uniformly distributed sequences, e.g., d-dimensional van der Corput-Halton or d-dimensional Kronecker sequences. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the higher-dimensional weighted q-adic sum-of-digits functions to be uniformly distributed modulo one in terms of a trigonometric product. As applications of our condition we prove some upper estimates of the extreme discrepancies of such sequences, and that the existence of distribution function g(x)= x implies the uniform distribution modulo one of the weighted q-adic sum-of-digits function sq,γ (n), n = 0, 1, 2,... We also prove the uniform distribution modulo one of related sequences h1sq, γ (n)+h2sq,γ (n +1), where h1 and h2 are integers such that h1 + h2 ≠ 0 and that the akin two-dimensional sequence sq,γ (n), sq,γ (n +1) cannot be uniformly distributed modulo one if q ≥ 3. The properties of the two-dimensional sequence sq,γ (n),sq,γ (n +1), n =0, 1, 2,..., will be instrumental in the proofs of the final section, where we show how the growth properties of the sequence of weights influence the distribution of values of the weighted sum-of-digits function which in turn imply a new property of the van der Corput sequence.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT

• The Inequality of Erdős-Turán-Koksma in the Terms of the
Functions of the System Γ

• Abstract: In the present paper the author uses the function system Γℬsconstructed in Cantor bases to show upper bounds of the extreme and star discrepancy of an arbitrary net in the terms of the trigonometric sum of this net with respect to the functions of this system. The obtained estimations are inequalities of the type of Erdős-Turán-Koksma. These inequalities are very suitable for studying of nets constructed in the same Cantor system.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT

• Families of Well Approximable Measures

• Abstract: We provide an algorithm to approximate a finitely supported discrete measure μ by a measure νN corresponding to a set of N points so that the total variation between μ and νN has an upper bound. As a consequence if μ is a (finite or infinitely supported) discrete probability measure on [0, 1]d with a sufficient decay rate on the weights of each point, then μ can be approximated by νN with total variation, and hence star-discrepancy, bounded above by (log N)N−1. Our result improves, in the discrete case, recent work by Aistleitner, Bilyk, and Nikolov who show that for any normalized Borel measure μ, there exist finite sets whose star-discrepancy with respect to μ is at most (log N)d−12N−1{\left( {\log \,N} \right)^{d - {1 \over 2}}}{N^{ - 1}}. Moreover, we close a gap in the literature for discrepancy in the case d =1 showing both that Lebesgue is indeed the hardest measure to approximate by finite sets and also that all measures without discrete components have the same order of discrepancy as the Lebesgue measure.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT

• Word Metric, Stationary Measure and Minkowski’s Question Mark
Function

• Abstract: Given a countably infinite group G acting on some space X, an increasing family of finite subsets Gn, x∈ X and a function f over X we consider the sums Sn(f, x) = ∑g∈Gnf(gx). The asymptotic behaviour of Sn(f, x) is a delicate problem that was studied under various settings. In the following paper we study this problem when G is a specific lattice in SL (2, ℤ ) acting on the projective line and Gn are chosen using the word metric. The asymptotic distribution is calculated and shown to be tightly connected to Minkowski’s question mark function. We proceed to show that the limit distribution is stationary with respect to a random walk on G defined by a specific measure µ. We further prove a stronger result stating that the asymptotic distribution is the limit point for any probability measure over X pushed forward by the convolution power µ∗n.
PubDate: Fri, 25 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

• On Extremal Problems for Pairs of Uniformly Distributed Sequences and
Integrals with Respect to Copula Measures

• Abstract: Motivated by the maximal average distance of uniformly distributed sequences we consider some extremal problems for functionals of typeμC↦∫01∫01FdμC,{\mu _C} \mapsto \int_0^1 {{{\int_0^1 {Fd} }_\mu }_C,}where µC is a copula measure and F is a Riemann integrable function on [0, 1]2 of a specific type. Such problems have been considered in [4] and are of interest in the study of limit points of two uniformly distributed sequences.
PubDate: Fri, 25 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

• On the Maximum Order Complexity of Thue–Morse and Rudin–Shapiro
Sequences along Polynomial Values

• Abstract: Both the Thue–Morse and Rudin–Shapiro sequences are not suitable sequences for cryptography since their expansion complexity is small and their correlation measure of order 2 is large. These facts imply that these sequences are highly predictable despite the fact that they have a large maximum order complexity. Sun and Winterhof (2019) showed that the Thue–Morse sequence along squares keeps a large maximum order complexity. Since, by Christol’s theorem, the expansion complexity of this rarefied sequence is no longer bounded, this provides a potentially better candidate for cryptographic applications. Similar results are known for the Rudin–Shapiro sequence and more general pattern sequences. In this paper we generalize these results to any polynomial subsequence (instead of squares) and thereby answer an open problem of Sun and Winterhof. We conclude this paper by some open problems.
PubDate: Fri, 25 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

• The Distribution of Rational Numbers on Cantor’s Middle Thirds Set

• Abstract: We give a heuristic argument predicting that the number N∗(T) of rationals p/q on Cantor’s middle thirds set C such that gcd(p, q)=1 and q ≤ T, has asymptotic growth O(Td+ε), for d = dim C. Our heuristic is related to similar heuristics and conjectures proposed by Fishman and Simmons. We also describe extensive numerical computations supporting this heuristic. Our heuristic predicts a similar asymptotic if C is replaced with any similar fractal with a description in terms of missing digits in a base expansion. Interest in the growth of N∗ (T)is motivated by a problem of Mahler on intrinsic Diophantine approximation on C.
PubDate: Fri, 25 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

• On Proinov’s Lower Bound for the Diaphony

• Abstract: In 1986, Proinov published an explicit lower bound for the diaphony of finite and infinite sequences of points contained in the d−dimensional unit cube [Proinov, P. D.:On irregularities of distribution, C. R. Acad. Bulgare Sci. 39 (1986), no. 9, 31–34]. However, his widely cited paper does not contain the proof of this result but simply states that this will appear elsewhere. To the best of our knowledge, this proof was so far only available in a monograph of Proinov written in Bulgarian [Proinov, P. D.: Quantitative Theory of Uniform Distribution and Integral Approximation, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria (2000)]. The first contribution of our paper is to give a self contained version of Proinov’s proof in English. Along the way, we improve the explicit asymptotic constants implementing recent, and corrected results of [Hinrichs, A.—Markhasin, L.: On lower bounds for the ℒ2-discrepancy, J. Complexity 27 (2011), 127–132.] and [Hinrichs, A.—Larcher, G.: An improved lower bound for the ℒ2-discrepancy, J. Complexity 34 (2016), 68–77]. (The corrections are due to a note in [Hinrichs, A.—Larcher, G. An improved lower bound for the ℒ2-discrepancy, J. Complexity 34 (2016), 68–77].) Finally, as a main result, we use the method of Proinov to derive an explicit lower bound for the dyadic diaphony of finite and infinite sequences in a similar fashion.
PubDate: Fri, 25 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

• Point Distribution and Perfect Directions in

• Abstract: Let p ≥ 3 be a prime, S⊆𝔽p2S \subseteq \mathbb{F}_p^2 a nonempty set, and w:𝔽p2→Rw:\mathbb{F}_p^2 \to R a function with supp w = S. Applying an uncertainty inequality due to András Bíró and the present author, we show that there are at most 12 S {1 \over 2}\left S \right directions in 𝔽p2\mathbb{F}_p^2 such that for every line l in any of these directions, one has∑z∈lw(z)=1p∑z∈𝔽p2w(z),\sum\limits_{z \in l} {w\left( z \right) = {1 \over p}\sum\limits_{z \in \mathbb{F}_p^2} {w\left( z \right),} }except if S itself is a line and w is constant on S (in which case all, but one direction have the property in question). The bound 12 S {1 \over 2}\left S \right is sharp.As an application, we give a new proof of a result of Rédei-Megyesi about the number of directions determined by a set in a finite affine plane.
PubDate: Fri, 25 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

• A curiosity About (1) +(1) + +(1)

• Abstract: Let α be an irrational real number; the behaviour of the sum SN (α):= (−1)[α] +(−1)[2α] + ··· +(−1)[Nα] depends on the continued fraction expansion of α/2. Since the continued fraction expansion of 2/2\sqrt 2 /2 has bounded partial quotients, SN(2)=O(log(N)){S_N}\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) = O\left( {\log \left( N \right)} \right) and this bound is best possible. The partial quotients of the continued fraction expansion of e grow slowly and thus SN(2e)=O(log(N)2log log(N)2){S_N}\left( {2e} \right) = O\left( {{{\log {{\left( N \right)}^2}} \over {\log \,\log {{\left( N \right)}^2}}}} \right), again best possible. The partial quotients of the continued fraction expansion of e/2 behave similarly as those of e. Surprisingly enough SN(e)=O(log(N)log log(N))1188.
PubDate: Fri, 25 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

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