Abstract: Reclaiming the memory of pioneer female geologists 1800–1929 Aude Vincent Adv. Geosci., 53, 129–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-129-2020, 2020 Between 1800 and 1929, female earth scientists existed in significant numbers: 210 are presented here, including newly discovered hydrogeologist Norah Dowell Stearns. Gender discrimination made access to university difficult and access to scientific careers even harder. They found several ways to overcome these difficulties thanks to the support of their parents or to the more ambiguous support of husbands or academic male mentors, through staying single, and through teamwork with other women. PubDate: 2020-08-04T13:48:41+02:00
Abstract: Hostile climates are barriers to diversifying the geosciences Erika Marín-Spiotta, Rebecca T. Barnes, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Meredith G. Hastings, Allison Mattheis, Blair Schneider, and Billy M. Williams Adv. Geosci., 53, 117–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-117-2020, 2020 The geosciences are one of the least diverse disciplines in the United States, despite the field's relevance to people's livelihoods and economies. Bias, discrimination and harassment present serious hurdles to diversifying the field. We summarize research on the factors that contribute to the persistence of hostile climates in the geosciences and other scientific disciplines and provide recommendations for cultural change through the role of mentoring networks and professional associations. PubDate: 2020-07-28T13:53:40+02:00
Abstract: Success in grant applications for women and men Johanna Stadmark, Claudia Jesus-Rydin, and Daniel J. Conley Adv. Geosci., 53, 107–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-107-2020, 2020 A similar proportion of women and men that submit applications to for example the European Research Council are successful in receiving funding. However, in this article we show that in all countries women are applying to a lower extent than their proportion of the workforce of researchers in the higher education sector would suggest, and men are therefore allocated disproportionally more research funds. We speculate on potential causes and hope to stimulate future investigations on this topic. PubDate: 2020-07-28T13:53:40+02:00
Abstract: Gender equality in marine sciences in Kiel, Germany: how project-funded measures can urge institutions to act Ruth Kamm, Christiane K. Schelten, and Gesche Braker Adv. Geosci., 53, 97–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-97-2020, 2020 In marine research in Kiel (Germany), women are underrepresented in leading research positions. In our case study, we discuss innovative activities to improve gender equality in two large externally funded marine sciences research alliances: the Cluster of Excellence The Future Ocean and the Collaborative Research Centre 754 Climate–Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean. We show that progress towards gender equality was initiated by these time-bound third-party-funded projects. PubDate: 2020-07-22T08:40:49+02:00
Abstract: Gendered participation in the geosciences: 10 years of ERC funding Claudia Jesus-Rydin, Luis Farina-Busto, and Alexis-Michel Mugabushaka Adv. Geosci., 53, 87–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-87-2020, 2020 The paper presents descriptive statistics of gender participation in ERC calls in the geosciences. The share of women applying for Starting Grants is on average around 30 %; for Consolidator Grants and Advanced Grants the share is around 25 % and 11 % respectively. Success rate analysis shows no significant gender disparities. The paper provides an overview of the ERC peer-review system, discusses results specific to the geosciences, and concludes with a review of past actions and future goals. PubDate: 2020-07-02T08:47:48+02:00
Abstract: Survey on early career travel support shows geographic, career stage, and indigenous status inequality in access to polar science events Alice Bradley, Juan Höfer, Valentina Savaglia, and Clare Eayrs Adv. Geosci., 53, 73–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-73-2020, 2020 Scientific meetings and workshops are critical for career development, but attending these events can involve expensive travel. A survey of early career researchers found that cost prevented most respondents from attending important events and they frequently have needed to use personal funds. Replacing travel reimbursements with advances helps the financial burden. Addressing disparities in travel support will promote diversity in the next generation of polar scientists. PubDate: 2020-06-25T08:47:48+02:00
Abstract: Equality of opportunities for next generation researchers in Europe: a snapshot discussion motivated by the ERC statistics Nedjeljka Žagar and Thomas Schäfer Adv. Geosci., 53, 65–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-65-2020, 2020 The paper reflects on the results of a survey carried out within the COST TN1301 Sci-Generation network among the holders of ERC starting grants originating from countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It is discussed how the the statistics of ERC starting grants is a mirror of host countries' and host institutions' ability to attract and keep the most talented young researchers. PubDate: 2020-06-17T08:47:48+02:00
Abstract: An investigation of accessible and inclusive instructional field practices in US geoscience departments Ivan G. Carabajal and Christopher L. Atchison Adv. Geosci., 53, 53–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-53-2020, 2020 This study sought to understand how geoscience departments are supporting students with disabilities in field-based learning experiences. Eleven accessible and inclusive teaching practices were identified and evaluated based on qualitative survey responses from over 160 geoscience departments in the United States. The outcomes of this study offer practical suggestions for providing accessible and inclusive field experiences for students with disabilities. PubDate: 2020-06-11T09:41:59+02:00
Abstract: Low frequency seismic source investigation in volcanic environment: the Mt. Vesuvius atypical case Simona Petrosino and Paola Cusano Adv. Geosci., 52, 29–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-52-29-2020, 2020 We present a detailed analysis of the atypical low frequency seismicity occurred at Mt. Vesuvius in 2003-2018. The different decay patterns of the spectra, the existence of families as well as single events, the wide seismogenic volume, indicate that these events are caused by distinct source mechanisms: slow brittle failure in dry rocks and resonance of fluid-filled cracks. On these basis, we classified the earthquakes as Low Frequency (LF) and Long Period (LP). PubDate: 2020-06-10T09:41:59+02:00
Abstract: Diversity and equality in honours and awards programs – steps towards a fair representation of membership Mary Anne Holmes, LaToya Myles, and Blair Schneider Adv. Geosci., 53, 41–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-41-2020, 2020 We identify a problem with professional society honours and awards programs: that they typically do not represent the full demographics of the society's membership. This problem must be addressed intentionally; it will not fix itself, even as more people from historically under-represented groups increase among the membership. We offer actions to address and ameliorate this problem based on our collective experience with the American Geophysical Union Honors and Recognition program. PubDate: 2020-05-18T10:22:23+02:00
Abstract: Challenges and solutions for autism in academic geosciences Nicola C. Taylor and Jessica H. Johnson Adv. Geosci., 53, 33–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-33-2020, 2020 Researcher diversity promotes research excellence. Autism is a disability that is under-represented within higher education, despite many autistic individuals having attributes that are conducive to research excellence. Focusing on geosciences, we evaluate why academia can be inaccessible, and propose simple strategies that can reduce and remove barriers to academic success. Minor changes can make significant differences to the inclusion of disabled researchers, particularly those with autism. PubDate: 2020-04-23T14:03:27+02:00
Abstract: Characterization of the seismic dynamical state through joint analysis of earthquakes and seismic noise: the example of Ischia Volcanic Island (Italy) Paola Cusano, Simona Petrosino, Enza De Lauro, Salvatore De Martino, and Mariarosaria Falanga Adv. Geosci., 52, 19–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-52-19-2020, 2020 This work is devoted to the study of both earthquakes and background seismic noise at Ischia Island (Italy) recorded pre and post the Md 4.0 earthquake occurred on 21 August 2017 (18:57 UTC). We compare and characterize noise and earthquakes in terms of Independent Component Analysis, energy and polarization properties. The earthquakes' waveforms and the background noise are decomposed into a few independent components with two main common signals peaked around 1–2 and 3–4 Hz, respectively. A slight increase of the energy of the background seismic noise is observed comparing samples recorded in 2016 and 2017, whereas no variations are detected in 2017 pre and post the main earthquake. The polarization analysis, performed in the frequency bands individuated by Independent Component Analysis and applied to the background seismic noise, indicates a shallow propagation and the azimuthal pattern is mainly controlled by the local structural features. These results suggest that noise and earthquakes are ascribable to a common phenomenon of fluid-solid interaction in the hydrothermal system of Ischia Island. PubDate: 2020-04-09T08:01:27+02:00
Abstract: Drawing everyday sexism in academia: observations and analysis of a community-based initiative Marie Bocher, Martina Ulvrova, Maëlis Arnould, Nicolas Coltice, Claire Mallard, Mélanie Gérault, and Alice Adenis Adv. Geosci., 53, 15–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-15-2020, 2020 The "Did this really happen'!" project aims at publishing real-life, everyday sexism in the form of comic strips. Its major goal is to raise awareness about unconscious biases that transpire in everyday interactions in academia and increase the visibility of sexist situations that arise within the scientific community, especially to those who might not notice it. In this publication, we present the project and the different recurring sexist behaviours identified in the collected stories. PubDate: 2020-04-02T09:11:19+02:00
Abstract: Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites: sensitivity of antenna offset estimation to orbit and observation modelling Heike Peter, Jaime Fernández, and Pierre Féménias Adv. Geosci., 50, 87–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-50-87-2020, 2020 The SAR Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites require a high orbit accuracy of 5 cm in comparison to external processing facilities. Orbit analyses showed discrepancies between the results of the two Sentinel-1 satellites being identical in construction. Follow-up estimation of GPS antenna offsets shows the sensitivity to different orbit and observation models. Consistent results may be achieved for both satellites when applying estimated antenna offsets considering self-shadowing assumptions. PubDate: 2020-03-27T08:55:38+01:00
Abstract: Successful practice in early career networks: insights from the polar sciences Pascal Bohleber, Mathieu Casado, Kirsti Ashworth, Chelsey A. Baker, Anna Belcher, Jilda Alicia Caccavo, Holly E. Jenkins, Erin Satterthwaite, Andrea Spolaor, and V. Holly L. Winton Adv. Geosci., 53, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-1-2020, 2020 International Early Career Networks (ECN) are global voluntary communities of Early Career Scientists (ECS) aiming to advance the careers of ECS and to improve their inclusion into the international scientific community. We use member surveys alongside with case studies from well-established and long-term networks to elucidate the attributes that make a successful, sustainable ECN, and propose best practices for developing ECN successfully. PubDate: 2020-03-27T08:55:38+01:00
Abstract: Assessing the performance of Vienna Mapping Functions 3 for GNSS stations in Indonesia using Precise Point Positioning Nabila Putri, Daniel Landskron, and Johannes Böhm Adv. Geosci., 50, 77–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-50-77-2020, 2020 Tropospheric delays must be taken into account when analyzing GNSS data. Several tropospheric delay models and mapping functions are available, for instance the Vienna Mapping Functions 1 (VMF1) and the Global Mapping Function (GMF). Recently, a refined version of VMF1, VMF3, has been released. This study aims to assess the performance of VMF3 for GNSS observations in Indonesia, by analyzing the data using Bernese GNSS Software, version 5.2 with Precise Point Positioning method. PubDate: 2020-03-16T09:15:21+01:00
Abstract: Time evolution of medium and long-period ground tilting at Campi Flegrei caldera Simona Petrosino, Ciro Ricco, Enza De Lauro, Ida Aquino, and Mariarosaria Falanga Adv. Geosci., 52, 9–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-52-9-2020, 2020 We analyse tiltmeter time series recorded from April 2015 to March 2019 at three borehole instruments installed at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). We evaluate the crustal response in terms of ground tilting to external excitations of medium/long-period tidal constituents.The results indicate that the tidal tilting is mainly controlled by the local stress field distribution and rheology; in addition, seasonal exogenous factors like rainfalls play a role in modulating the ground deformation. PubDate: 2020-03-05T12:56:53+01:00
Abstract: Assessment of local covariance estimation through Least Squares Collocation over Iran Sabah Ramouz, Yosra Afrasteh, Mirko Reguzzoni, and Abdolreza Safari Adv. Geosci., 50, 65–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-50-65-2020, 2020 Covariance determination as the heart of Least Squares Collocation gravity field modeling is based on fitting an analytical covariance to the empirical covariance, which is stemmed from gravimetric data. The main objective of this study is to process different local covariance strategies over four regions with different topography and spatial data distribution in Iran. For this purpose, Least Squares Collocation based on Remove – Compute – Restore technique is implemented. In the Remove step, gravity reduction in regions with a denser distribution and a rougher topography is more effective. In the Compute step, the assessment of the Collocation estimates on the gravity anomaly control points illustrates that data density is more relevant than topography roughness to have a good covariance determination. Moreover, among the different attempts of localizing the covariance estimation, a recursive approach correcting the covariance parameters based on the agreement between Least Squares Collocation estimates and control points shows better performance. Furthermore, we could see that covariance localization in a region with sparse or bad distributed observations is a challenging task and may not necessarily improve the Collocation gravity modeling. Indeed, the geometrical fitness of the empirical and analytical covariances – which is usually a qualitative test to verify the precision of the covariance determination – is not always an adequate criterion. PubDate: 2020-03-04T12:56:53+01:00
Abstract: Multi-constellation GNSS orbit combination based on MGEX products Gustavo Mansur, Pierre Sakic, Benjamin Männel, and Harald Schuh Adv. Geosci., 50, 57–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-50-57-2020, 2020 Nowadays, new GNSS, like European Galileo or Chinese Beidou are available. Some members of the International GNSS Service (IGS) provide multi-GNSS precise satellite orbits, but no final orbit combination exists yet. We developed a new algorithm to combine satellite orbits for all GNSS constellations. Two different strategies were applied. To validate our results we compared our GPS orbits with the official IGS orbits. Our results show that the best strategy applied reached an agreement ~15 mm. PubDate: 2020-02-14T11:56:26+01:00
Abstract: Preface: “Improving seismic networks performances: from site selection to data integration (EGU2019 SM5.2 session)” Damiano Pesaresi, Helle Pedersen, and Angelo Strollo Adv. Geosci., 51, 25–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-51-25-2020, 2020 The number and quality of seismic stations and networks in Europe continually improves, nevertheless there is always scope to optimize their performance. In this EGU2019 SM5.2/GI4.13 session we welcomed contributions from all aspects of seismic network installation, operation and management. This includes site selection; equipment testing and installation; planning and implementing communication paths; policies for redundancy in data acquisition, processing and archiving; and integration of different data sets including GPS and OBS. PubDate: 2020-01-28T08:10:21+01:00
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