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Science Progress
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.351

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
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ISSN (Print) 0036-8504 - ISSN (Online) 2047-7163
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

Biological properties of polycaprolactone and barium titanate composite in
biomedical applications
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  Authors: Sabreen Waleed Ibrahim, Thekra Ismael Hamad, Julfikar Haider
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The ceramic-polymer composite materials are widely known for their exceptional mechanical and biological properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer material extensively used in various biomedical applications. At the same time, barium titanate (BT), a ceramic material, exhibits piezoelectric properties similar to bone, which is essential for osseointegration. Furthermore, a composite material that combines the benefits of PCL and BT results in an innovative composite material with enhanced properties for biomedical applications. Thus, this review is organised into three sections. Firstly, it aims to provide an overview of the current research on evaluating biological properties, including antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and osseointegration, of PCL polymeric matrices in its pure form and reinforced structures with ceramics, polymers and natural extracts. The second section investigates the biological properties of BT, both in its pure form and in combination with other supporting materials. Finally, the third section provides a summary of the biological properties of the PCLBT composite material. Furthermore, the existing challenges of PCL, BT and their composites, along with future research directions, have been presented. Therefore, this review will provide a state-of-the-art understanding of the biological properties of PCL and BT composites as potential futuristic materials in biomedical applications.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-30T05:51:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231215942
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Modeling thermal energy distribution and transmission networks for
household consumption through comparative analysis
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  Authors: Morteza Heidariannoghondar, Abolfazl Ahmadi
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The high costs of energy supply and variable energy demands in consumption units, especially domestic consumption in different time frames, have accelerated technological developments for the proper use of energy resources to reduce energy consumption. The design of a distribution network for consumption depends on environmental conditions, equipment locations, consumer demands, consumption simultaneity factor, and some other parameters. These factors can mitigate energy loss in transmission networks. This study analyzes effective factors in the thermal energy distribution and transmission systems from generators to household consumers by considering the energy consumption rates in units based on a mathematical model to increase energy consumption in teams and rely on consumption during transmission. For this purpose, energy demands were evaluated in consumption units in a sample one-year project. The results were employed to design an optimal network for transferring energy from generators to consumers by modeling the distribution system. In this study, the thermal energy distribution and transmission network for domestic consumption was assessed and ranked have been assessed and ranked through single-stage distribution (SSD), multistage distribution (MSD), and MSD with the flow bypass method. The results of simulating the MSD system with the flow bypass method indicated the optimal performance of the proposed system in both consumer and generator sectors. This method also reduced fuel consumption by 6.09% and increased electricity consumption of the transmission network by 95% compared with single-stage transmission networks. Moreover, the method yielded a 6.03% reduction in the total cost of energy consumed to provide the thermal load of the building compared with SSD on a yearly basis.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-29T07:59:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231215583
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Ergonomic risk assessment of working postures of nurses working in a
medical faculty hospital with REBA and RULA methods
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  Authors: Özkan Ayvaz, Bedia Ayhan Özyıldırım, Halim İşsever, Gözde Öztan, Muhammed Atak, Sevda Özel
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The aim of the study is to reach objective results about the ergonomic risks of nurses’ working postures not only by using questionnaires but also by using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) methods, which are risk assessment methods used in engineering fields. This study is a cross-sectional study. First of all, 383 nurses were evaluated with a survey. 91.4% of the nurses were women and 6.5% were men. Average age (female: 38.20; male: 31.5), average weight (female: 65.60 kg; male: 81.50 kg), average height (female: 162.7 cm; male: 176.80 cm) and average body mass index (female: 24.80; male: 26) were calculated. In the hospital, which we grouped into in the hospital, which we divided into eight workstations, the REBA and RULA scores of the three nurses working at each workstation were calculated and the average REBA and RULA scores of the workstations were determined. The percentage of those who experienced musculoskeletal pain in the last 1 year at each workstation and the mean REBA–RULA scores were as follows; ward (92%; 6.92–5.69), operating room (98%; 10–7), emergency department (100%; 6.08–5.33), outpatient clinic (75%; 5.5–5.16), intensive care (94%; 6.21–5.57), administrative affairs (94%; 5–5), laboratory (95%; 5.80–5.2) and interventional procedure (92%; 6.4–5.4). In these stations, the highest scores were seen in the operating room. In the questionnaire, 92.46% of the nurses reported having complaints in at least one part of the musculoskeletal system in the last year. The hospital weighted mean score was REBA 6.86 and RULA 5.71. When REBA and RULA measurements were evaluated, it was determined that the risk in the departments where the nurses worked was generally at the medium risk level. REBA and RULA scores indicate that ergonomic changes and adjustments should be made. For this determination, the risks of working postures should be determined with quantitative methods.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-29T06:42:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231216540
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Multi-generational labour markets: Data-driven discovery of
multi-perspective system parameters using machine learning
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  Authors: Abeer Abdullah Alaql, Fahad Alqurashi, Rashid Mehmood
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The impact of aggressive capitalist approaches on social, economic and planet sustainability is significant. Economic issues such as inflation, energy costs, taxes and interest rates persist and are further exacerbated by global events such as wars, pandemics and environmental disasters. A sustained history of financial crises exposes weaknesses in modern economies. The Great Attrition, with many quitting jobs, adds to concerns. The diversity of the workforce poses new challenges. Transformative approaches are essential to safeguard societies, economies and the planet. In this work, we use big data and machine learning methods to discover multi-perspective parameters for multi-generational labour markets. The parameters for the academic perspective are discovered using 35,000 article abstracts from the Web of Science for the period 1958–2022 and for the professionals’ perspective using 57,000 LinkedIn posts from 2022. We discover a total of 28 parameters and categorized them into five macro-parameters, Learning & Skills, Employment Sectors, Consumer Industries, Learning & Employment Issues and Generations-specific Issues. A complete machine learning software tool is developed for data-driven parameter discovery. A variety of quantitative and visualization methods are applied and multiple taxonomies are extracted to explore multi-generational labour markets. A knowledge structure and literature review of multi-generational labour markets using over 100 research articles is provided. It is expected that this work will enhance the theory and practice of artificial intelligence-based methods for knowledge discovery and system parameter discovery to develop autonomous capabilities and systems and promote novel approaches to labour economics and markets, leading to the development of sustainable societies and economies.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-29T06:33:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231213788
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Sustainable appraisal of lac (Kerria Lacca) based anthraquinone natural
dye for chemical and bio-mordanted viscose and silk dyeing
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  Authors: Muhammad Usman, Fazal-ur Rehman, Mehboob Afzal, Mohsin Javed, Muhammad Ibrahim, Nimra Amin, Shahid Adeel, Muhammad Imran, Rym Mansour
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The coloring behavior of laccaic acid, a natural red dye derived from lac insects, has been investigated in this work for the dyeing of silk and viscose fabrics while being heated in MW radiation. The extract was made in an aqueous and acidic media and then used to color fabrics under microwave treatment for up to 10 min. For developing new shades, eco-friendly green bio-mordants and, in comparison, chemical mordants were employed at given conditions. The obtained results revealed that the aqueous extract after 4 min of radiation exposure produced a high color strength (K/S = 17.132) onto silk and the aqueous extract after 6 min of radiation exposure produced better color strength (K/S = 6.542) onto viscose at selected conditions. The fastness ratings evaluation as per ISO standards demonstrates that bio-anchors have provided good ratings under selected irradiation and dyeing conditions. It is concluded that this environmentally friendly technique has improved the natural coloration process of fabrics as well as addition of green mordants has furnished colorfast shades using lac-derived natural anthraquinone dye.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-23T05:39:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231215944
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Enhancing wool dyeing with clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) based natural
dye via microwave treatment using a central composite design
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  Authors: Muhammad Yameen, Fariha Asghar, Shahid Adeel, Muhammad Zulqurnain Haider, Meral Özomay, Muhammad Aftab, Rony Mia
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  This research investigates the viability of using Syzygium aromaticum (clove) as a natural dye for wool yarn through the application of microwave treatment and optimization using central composite design (CCD). As concerns grow over the environmental impact of synthetic dyes and their detrimental disposal in water bodies, the search for eco-friendly alternatives becomes imperative to revolutionize the textile industry. Microwave-assisted extraction of the colorant from clove powder is explored as an efficient and sustainable method, minimizing solvent usage and energy consumption compared to conventional techniques. To enhance colorfastness properties while eliminating the need for toxic mordants, green alternatives such as Al, Fe, and tannic acid, combined with plant phenolics from red sumac, pomegranate rind, and weld, are employed. According to the analysis of CCD, the higher color strength value 18.1653 was achieved using pH = 3, time = 50 min, temperature = 70 °C, and salt concentration = 1.5 g/100 mL. The optimized dyeing conditions also showed a maximum level of colorfastness properties of 5 for light, 5 for wash, 5 for dry rubbing, and 4 for wet rubbing. The findings from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses provide valuable insights into the chemical and morphological changes induced by microwave treatment and dyeing with clove extract. The results affirm the presence of eugenol as a potential active molecule responsible for the captivating color of clove flower buds, validating its suitability as a natural dye source for wool. This study highlights the promising potential of microwave-assisted extraction and plant-based biomolecules as innovative and environmentally friendly approaches in natural dyeing, paving the way for a more sustainable future in the textile industry. Embracing these eco-friendly practices allows the textile sector to reduce its ecological footprint and contribute to a cleaner and greener environment. Further research and implementation of these techniques can foster a more harmonious coexistence with nature, ensuring a healthier ecosystem for all.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-23T05:38:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231215593
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Toward real-time and accurate dense 3D mapping of crop fields for combine
harvesters using a stereo camera
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  Authors: Haiwen Chen, Jin Chen, Zhuohuai Guan, Yaoming Li, Kai Cheng, Zhihong Cui, Xinxing Zhang
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Fast and accurate 3D scene perception is a crucial prerequisite for the autonomous navigation and harvesting of combine harvesters. However, crop field scenarios pose severe challenges for vision-based perception systems due to repetitive scenes, illumination changes and real-time constraints on embedded computing platforms. In this paper, we propose a feature-based, two-stage approach for real-time dense 3D mapping for combine harvesters. In the first stage, our approach constructs a sparse 3D map using reliable feature matching, which provides prior knowledge about the environment. In the second stage, our method formulates per-pixel disparity calculation as probabilistic inference. The key to our approach is the ability to compute dense 3D maps by combining Bayesian estimation with efficient and discriminative point cues from images, exhibiting tolerance against visual measurement uncertainties due to repetitive textures and uneven lighting in crop fields. We validate the performance of the proposed method using real crop field data, and the results demonstrate that our dense 3D maps provide detailed spatial metric information while maintaining a balance between accuracy and efficiency. This makes our approach highly valuable for online perception in combine harvesters operating with resource-limited systems.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-22T07:05:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231215974
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Longitudinal changes in skin perfusion pressure after endovascular therapy
in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
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  Authors: Takahiro Tokuda, Yasuhiro Oba, Ai Kagase, Hiroaki Matsuda, Yoriyasu Suzuki, Akira Murata, Tatsuya Ito, Keisuke Hirano
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  PurposeThe skin perfusion pressure (SPP) increases after endovascular treatment (EVT) for up to 1 month, although changes beyond 1 month remain unreported. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the SPP over time after EVT.Materials and methodsThis was a single-center, prospective, observational study. We included patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia who underwent EVT between January 2019 and July 2022. We evaluated the SPP after EVT monthly for up to 3 months and compared the changes in the SPP between patients with different comorbidities. Moreover, we investigated the independent predictors of recurrent foot ischemia using a multivariate analysis.ResultsOverall, 87 patients were included in the study. The mean preprocedural dorsal and plantar SPP was 33.9 ± 14.7 and 33.4 ± 13.1 mmHg, respectively. After the procedure, the SPP significantly increased at 1 month but decreased during months 2 and 3 (the dorsal SPP at 1, 2, and 3 months was 59.6 ± 20.3, 48.3 ± 20.9, and 39.7 ± 14.7, respectively, p
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-22T07:04:12Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231213803
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Overview of the impact of sleep monitoring on optimal performance, immune
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  Authors: Hadi Nobari, Mojgan Banihashemi, Saber Saedmocheshi, Pablo Prieto-González, Rafael Oliveira
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Sleep is essential for a range of physiological and mental functions in professional athletes. There is proof that athletes may experience lower quality and quantity of sleep. While adequate sleep has been shown to have restorative effects on the immune system and endocrine system, facilitate nervous system recovery and the metabolic cost of wakefulness, and play a significant role in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, which can affect sports recovery, injury risk reduction, and performance. Sports performance may suffer significantly from a lack of sleep, especially under maximal and long-term exercise. Due to the potential harm, these factors may do to an athlete's endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional health, sports performance is impacted by reduced sleep quality or quantity. There are several neurotransmitters associated with the sleep–wake cycle that have been discovered. They comprise cholinergic hormone, orexin, melanin, galanin, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, histamine, and serotonin. Therefore, dietary modifications that affect the neurotransmitters in the brain also may affect sleep; particularly for athletes who require more physical and psychological recovery owing to the tremendous physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and performance. This review explores the variables that influence the quantity and quality of sleep-in populations of athletes and assesses their possible effects. In addition, several recommendations for improving sleep are presented. Even though there has been much research on variables that impact sleep, future studies may highlight the significance of these aspects for athletes.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-22T07:03:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231206265
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Endovascular treatment of systematic isolated mesenteric artery dissection
with a patent false lumen: Bare stents alone versus stent-assisted coiling
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  Authors: Huan Wu, Bo Tang, Haolong Zhang, Kun Ran, Yikuan Chen, Hailong Luo
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Objectives:Bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment have not been directly compared in symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen. Thus, we compared the early and mid-term outcomes of bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment to determine the most effective remedy for patients with this condition.Methods:Consecutive patients diagnosed with systematic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen admitted to the study hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Their demographic data, clinical findings, treatment options, early outcomes, and follow-up results were analyzed.Results:A total of 85 patients (83 men) were included. 34.1% (n = 29) adopted bare stent treatment and 65.9% (n = 56) underwent bare stent-assisted coiling treatment. The symptoms were relieved in all patients (100%) with bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two endovascular treatments (p = 0.354). The cumulative complete remodeling rate was 100% in bare stent-assisted coiling treatment vs. 70.4% in bare stent treatment (p
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-21T05:56:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231214959
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Seismic metasurface on an orthorhombic elastic half-space
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  Authors: Danila Prikazchikov, Roza Sabirova, Peter T Wootton
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The article is studying a seismic meta-surface in the case of an oscillatory system arranged on the surface of an orthorhombic elastic half-space. The approach is based on the asymptotic hyperbolic–elliptic formulation for the Rayleigh wave excited by prescribed surface loading. The latter results in hyperbolic equations for surface displacements, with the right-hand sides involving the loading components. The derived model allows a formulation for the meta-surface in the form of a periodic spring-mass system attached to the surface as a hyperbolic equation for the horizontal displacement, with smooth contact stresses emerging from averaging the effect of a regular array of oscillators. The associated dispersion relation is constructed and illustrated numerically for both cases of exponential and oscillatory decay.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-21T05:55:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231206320
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
A possible mechanism and predictors of forming looped guidewire between
the right subclavian and brachiocephalic artery during coronary
angiography with right radial artery access: An original paper
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  Authors: Hiroyuki Nakajima, Tomoyasu Momose, Takuo Misawa
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  ObjectivesGuidewire occasionally creates a loop-like appearance between the right subclavian artery and brachiocephalic artery when performing coronary angiography (CAG) with right radial artery (RtRA) access. We called this occurrence a looped guidewire at the brachiocephalic artery (looped GW at BA). It is associated with difficulties in catheter manipulation. This study aimed to assess the predictors of forming a looped GW at the BA.MethodsWe examined 175 (mean age, 71.3 ± 9.5 years; 74.9% men) consecutive patients who underwent elective CAG with the RtRA access. Looped GW at the BA was defined as a loop-like appearance of the 0.035-inch GW between the right subclavian and brachiocephalic artery on a frontal view or left anterior oblique. To identify the predictors of looped GW at BA, patient characteristics and examination data obtained before CAG were compared between patients with and without looped GW at the BA.ResultsThe prevalence of looped GW at BA was 10.9%. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), which reflects arterial stiffness, was significantly different in patients with or without looped GW at BA (9.8 ± 1.0 vs. 8.9 ± 1.5, p = 0.0092). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of CAVI to predict looped GW at BA was 0.745, with 0.94 sensitivity and 0.57 specificity in a cutoff point of CAVI ≥9.0.ConclusionsLooped GW at BA can be ruled out by CAVI and is associated with high arterial stiffness.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-14T07:06:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231213801
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Data augmentation using generative models for track intrusion detection
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  Authors: Soohyung Lee, Beomseong Kim, Heesung Lee
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The objective of this work is to address the problem of detecting track intruders in railway systems using deep learning-based algorithms. Unauthorized entry onto railway tracks poses a significant risk of collisions between trains and humans. However, intrusion discrimination algorithms often suffer from a lack of learning data and data imbalance issues. To overcome these challenges, this research proposes an algorithm that combines generative models and classification networks. Generative models are utilized to generate synthetic intrusion data by learning the underlying distribution of available data and creating new samples resembling the original data. The augmented intrusion data is then used to train deep neural networks to accurately identify intrusions. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using real data sets, demonstrating its effectiveness in overcoming limited learning data and data imbalance issues. By augmenting intrusion data using generative models, the algorithm achieves improved accuracy compared to traditional approaches. In conclusion, the algorithm presented in this work provides a solution for detecting track intruders in railway systems. By leveraging generative models to augment limited intrusion data and utilizing classification networks for intrusion discrimination, the algorithm demonstrates improved performance in accurately identifying intrusions. This research highlights the potential of deep learning-based approaches in enhancing railway safety and recommends further exploration and application of these methods in real-world settings.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-13T11:18:03Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231212769
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Multiple faults diagnosis for ocean-going marine diesel engines based on
different neural network algorithms
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  Authors: Guoqing Zhu, Lin Huang, Jiapeng Yin, Wen Gai, Lijiang Wei
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Fault diagnosis technologies for ocean-going marine diesel engines play an important role in the safety and reliability of ship navigation. Although many fault diagnosis technologies have achieved acceptable results for single fault of diesel engines, the diagnosis of multiple faults is rarely involved. Due to the strong correlation, non-linearity and randomness of multiple faults, it is extremely difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. In this study, diagnosis methods based on thermal parametric analysis combined with different neural network algorithms were established and used for the diagnosis of multiple faults in the ocean-going marine diesel engine. The results show that the Levenberg Marquardt back propagation neural network has the highest diagnostic accuracy rate of 88.89% and 100% for multiple faults and single faults, respectively, and its diagnostic time is also relatively short, 0.78 s. The Bayesian regularization back propagation neural network can give a diagnostic accuracy rate of 100% for single faults, but for multiple faults, the diagnostic accuracy rate is only 55.56%, and the diagnosis time for the entire sample is the longest. As for the probabilistic neural network, although it has the fastest diagnosis speed, it has the lowest diagnostic accuracy rate for both single faults and multiple faults. The results may provide references for the online diagnosis of single faults and multiple faults in ocean-going marine diesel engines.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-10T07:15:58Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231212765
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Analysis of the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on household solid
waste management: An empirical study using PLS-SEM
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  Authors: Pablo Ponce, Nathalie Aguirre-Padilla, María Orellana-Jimbo, Jhohana Larrea-Silva, Verónica Cabrera-Gonzalez
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The global increase in solid waste pollution due to economic growth and population growth has led to severe ecological deterioration. This situation is exacerbated by the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has significantly impacted consumer behavior and consumption habits. Proper management of solid waste has thus become critical in mitigating environmental degradation. In this study, we aim to examine the relationship between the outbreak of COVID-19, environmental attitudes (EATT), social norms (SN), environmental knowledge (EK), technological innovation (TI), and solid waste management (SWM) in Ecuadorian households during the pandemic. We collected data from 426 households in Ecuador using an online questionnaire and analyzed it using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model method to test the hypotheses. Likewise, we validated the measurement and structural model. The results are novel about SWM, considering a developing country severely affected during the pandemic. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 has a negative impact on SWM, while EATT, SN, and TI have a positive influence on SWM. However, we found that EK does not significantly affect SWM.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-09T10:36:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231206254
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
An improved compact-form antisaturation model-free adaptive control
algorithm for a class of nonlinear systems with time delays
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  Authors: Lipu Wu, Zhen Li, Shida Liu, Zhijun Li, Dehui Sun
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  To solve the time-delay problem and actuator saturation problem of nonlinear plants in industrial processes, an improved compact-form antisaturation model-free adaptive control (ICF-AS-MFAC) method is proposed in this work. The ICF-AS-MFAC scheme is based on the concept of the pseudo partial derivative (PPD) and adopts equivalent dynamic linearization technology. Then, a tracking differentiator is used to predict the future output of a time-delay system to effectively control the system. Additionally, the concept of the saturation parameter is proposed, and the ICF-AS-MFAC controller is designed to ensure that the control system will not exhibit actuator saturation. The proposed algorithm is more flexible, has faster output responses for time-delay systems, and solves the problem of actuator saturation. The convergence and stability of the proposed method are rigorously proven mathematically. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations, and the applicability of the proposed method is verified by a series of experimental results based on double tanks.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-07T08:50:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231210361
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Clonidine safety and effectiveness in the management of suspected
paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity post-traumatic brain injury: A
retrospective cohort study
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  Authors: Abdulrahman I Alshaya, Mohammed Aldhaeefi, Nada Alodhaiyan, Maha Alqahtani, Sarah Althewaibi, Wala Alshahrani, Khalid Al Sulaiman, Shmeylan A. Al Harbi, Ramesh Vishwakarma, Tariq Aldabbagh
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Introduction:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In addition, TBI may cause paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH), which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of clonidine in patients with TBI and suspected PSH.Methods:A retrospective cohort study for critically ill patients with TBI with suspected PSH admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) from 1 May 2016 to 31 January 2020 at a tertiary academic medical center. Eligible patients were categorized based on clonidine use during their ICU stay (Clonidine group vs. Control group). The primary outcome was the improvement in functional outcomes during ICU stay, defined by a delta Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital length of stay, heart rate variation, and 90-day mortality.Results:A total of 2915 patients were screened, of which 169 were included. Based on multiple regression analysis, patients who received clonidine showed better improvement in functional outcomes by a higher mean delta GCS than patients who did not (Beta Coeff. 0.41; CI: 0.07 – 0.74; P = 0.02). In addition, the patient's GCS upon ICU discharge and IV opioids requirement on day three were higher in the clonidine group than control (beta coefficient (95% CI): 0.18 (0.03, 0.32); p = 0.02 and beta coefficient (95% CI): 1.38 (0.24, 2.52); p = 0.02, respectively). No statistical differences were observed in any of the other secondary outcomes after adjusting for confounders.Conclusion:This study found that patients who received clonidine had better functional outcomes during their ICU stay, as shown by their delta GCS than those who did not. Other outcomes were similar between the groups. More data are needed to explore the role of clonidine in patients with TBI with suspected PSH.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-07T08:22:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231201298
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Fatigue analysis and optimization design of key components of synthesizing
equipment for artificial diamond based on a method of information exchange
system
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  Authors: Jiguang Jia, Xuan Sun, Zhihui Chen, Jin Shang, Ting Liu
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  In this article, a method of information exchange system (MIES) has been proposed to optimize the structure of the hinge sleeve of cubic (HSC), a key component of synthetic diamond. The MIES method integrates static analysis, topology optimization, and fatigue failure analysis. By using this method, the lightweight design of the structure was ensured while meeting the fatigue life requirements. The weight of the optimized model was reduced from 5729.9 kg to 4593.4 kg, and the fatigue life was 1.127E+05, which meets the serviceability requirements. The steps of the method are as follows: First, the model of HSC was established. According to the loading conditions, the basic material data and boundary conditions were set, and the stresses and strains of the HSC were calculated. The optimized region was obtained by topological analysis of the HSC structure using the variable density method. The fatigue life of the model was then calculated by combining the stress life method and the average stress correction method. Simulations were performed using the above method to obtain the six nodes of maximum stress in the HSC. These nodes were used as control points for the structural optimization design. The HSC model was optimized by optimizing the structure in the region of the control variable points. Computational analysis of the optimized HSC model was carried out using the information exchange system. After repeated optimization of the structure of the HSC model, a model with a lightweight design was obtained. The ANSYS simulation results showed that the final mass of the HSC model was reduced by 19.83%. Stress and life were within the design requirements. The information exchange system has better computational performance, feasibility, and reliability compared to traditional theoretical methods.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-06T06:13:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231208768
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Analysis of the characteristics of valveless piezoelectric pump with
crescent dune bluff body
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  Authors: Changxiong Xie, Shuaishuai Zhou, Yong Zhang, Jianchen Wang, Xiaolei Deng, Jun Yang
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  To improve the output flow characteristics of the piezoelectric pump in one direction, a new valveless piezoelectric pump with a crescent dune bluff body has been proposed. The pump can achieve low damage to the active substance on the premise that the active cell can guarantee the transport volume. By comparing with the hemispherically deficient and imitated meniscus resistance fluid, the barchan dune resistance fluid which can effectively improve the unidirectional output of the piezoelectric pump is obtained. Combined with the pump theoretical flow calculation formula, these influencing parameters, the degree of inclination, the sand ridge radius and the order of the crescent dune were analyzed. Finally, an experimental prototype of a valveless piezoelectric pump has been fabricated by 3D printing technology, and the pump flow test is being conducted. The relationship between frequency, voltage and output flow has been obtained. The test results show that with a dune inclination of 37.5, a sand ridge radius of 6.75 mm and a dune order of 4, the flow rate of the piezoelectric pump is best at 194.7 mL/min. The experimental results agree with the simulation results, showing the effectiveness of the valveless piezoelectric pump structure.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-11-06T06:12:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231208503
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Research on the control strategy of LCL grid-connected inverters based on
improved auto disturbance rejection
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  Authors: Xixi Han, Bowen Xu, Keqi Kang, Songwei Zuo
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The grid-connected inverter is the key to ensure stable, reliable, safe, and efficient operation of the power generation system; the quality of the grid-connected output current waveform directly affects the performance of the entire power generation system. To improve the anti-interference performance and reduce the output current harmonic content of the grid-connected inverter, an improved control strategy that combined repetitive control (RC) and auto disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed in this paper. Firstly, decoupled the ADRC to realize the individual adaptation between tracking performance parameters and anti-interference performance parameters of the controller, through which the difficulty of adjusting parameters is reduced. Secondly, the control approach is devised by adding RC to ADRC. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper, detailed experimental studies are conducted using proportional integral control, traditional ADRC, and the proposed method under normal power grids, weak power grids, and periodic disturbances. And dynamic performance simulation experiment is done to verify the dynamic performance of the self-disturbance rejection controller before and after the addition of RC links. The results indicated the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Finally, after simulation, the steady state and dynamic performance are conducted on a hardware testing platform. The impacts of the obtained results indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of the control algorithm proposed, the ability to suppress intermediate frequency disturbances is improved, the bandwidth of the auto disturbance rejection controller is expanded, and the harmonic content of the output current is depressed.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-30T07:44:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231208520
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Secondary infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 receiving
steroid therapy
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  Authors: Alex K Pearce, Qais Zawaydeh, W Cameron McGuire, Abdurrahman Husain, Claudia Ayoub, Daniel A Sweeney, Shannon A Cotton, Atul Malhotra
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Secondary infections can occur during or after the treatment of an initial infection. Glucocorticoids may decrease mortality in patients with severe COVID-19; however, risk of secondary infection is not well described. Our primary objective was to investigate the risk of secondary infection among critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated with glucocorticoids. We examined patients with COVID-19 being treated in the intensive care unit at two academic medical centers from 1 to 7/2020. One hundred-seven patients were included. Of these, 31 received steroids and 76 patients did not. Analysis of the larger cohort was performed followed by a matched pairs analysis of 22 steroid and 22 non-steroid patients. Secondary infection was seen in 14 patients (45.2%) receiving steroids compared to 35(46.1%) not receiving steroids (p = 0.968). Secondary infections were most frequently encountered in the respiratory tract. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently identified organisms. Mortality was 16.1% in the steroid-treated group compared to 23.7% in the control group (p = 0.388). After performing matched pairs analysis and multivariable logistic regression there was no significant difference between secondary infection or mortality and steroid receipt. Secondary infections were common among critically ill patients with COVID-19, but the incidence of secondary infection was not significantly impacted by steroid treatment.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-30T07:43:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231207209
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
New generalized class of estimators for estimation of finite population
mean based on probability proportional to size sampling using two
auxiliary variables: A simulation study
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  Authors: Sohaib Ahmad, Javid Shabbir, Erum Zahid, Muhammad Aamir, Mohammed Alqawba
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  This article aims to suggest a new generalized class of estimators based on probability proportional to size sampling using two auxiliary variables. The numerical expressions for the bias and mean squared error (MSE) are derived up to the first order of approximation. Four actual data sets are used to examine the performances of a new improved generalized class of estimators. From the results of real data sets, it is examined that the suggested estimator gives the minimum MSE and the percentage relative efficiency is higher than all existing estimators, which shows the importance of the new generalized class of estimators. To check the strength and generalizability of our proposed class of estimators, a simulation study is also accompanied. The consequence of the simulation study shows the worth of newly found proposed class estimators. Overall, we get to the conclusion that the proposed estimator outperforms as compared to all other estimators taken into account in this study.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-27T06:41:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231208537
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
The application of compulsory conciliation in the settlement of disputes
over Fukushima contaminated water discharge
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  Authors: Xiaolin Pan
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The imminent discharge of Fukushima-contaminated water into the ocean would result in severe controversies and disputes concerning marine environment pollution in Japan and the neighboring countries. This paper argues that high similarities can be found between the disputes arising from the imminent discharge and those subject to compulsory conciliation under the dispute settlement mechanism of the law of the sea. Together with the advantages of compulsory conciliation in settling disputes related to the exercise of discretion by states, it is asserted that compulsory conciliation could become the best choice to settle the potential disputes arising from the imminent discharge between Japan and the neighboring countries. This article also draws attention to some essential issues related to the application of compulsory conciliation, including the establishment of jurisdiction and authorities of the conciliation commission, and the implementation of the conciliation report.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-27T06:40:42Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231191994
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Improved active disturbance rejection speed control for autonomous driving
of high-speed train based on feedforward compensation
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  Authors: Lili Yue, Yidong Wang, Baodi Xiao, Yiqing Wang, Junting Lin
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Due to the complex and changeable train operation environment and the unstable and time-varying parameters, accurate modeling is limited. Therefore, a modified active disturbance rejection control algorithm based on feedforward compensation (FC-MADRC) is proposed targeting the speed control problem of trains under the circumstances of external disturbances, which reduces the dependence on the train model. Firstly, the state space equation is established based on the single-particle mathematical model of the train, and all the running resistances are regarded as disturbances. Secondly, the FC-MADRC algorithm is designed. Based on the terminal attractor function and the novel Sigmoid function, an improved tracking differentiator (ITD) is designed. An improved fal (nsfal) function with better smoothness is constructed by using the properties of the Dirac δ function, and an ameliorative nonlinear state error feedback (ANLSEF) and a modified extended state observer (IESO) are designed based on the nsfal function. Furthermore, based on the thought of PID, the integral term of error is introduced into ANLSEF for the nonlinear operation to reduce the steady-state error of train speed tracking. In order to promote the robustness and control accuracy of the system, the feedforward compensation term and disturbance compensation term are combined to perform dynamic compensation for disturbances in real time. Finally, the simulation is carried out with CRH380A train data. The results indicate that compared with conventional ADRC and 2DOF-PID, FC-MADRC has the more vital anti-disturbance ability and higher tracking accuracy. FC-MADRC has the advantages of solid anti-disturbance, fast response, and high tracking accuracy. Under the premise of external disturbance, it can still achieve accurate speed tracking under different road conditions.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-25T07:09:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231208505
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Improving interfacial shear strength of fique fibres using an acrylic
coating
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  Authors: Johnattan Vargas, Meisam Jalalvand, Juan Manuel Meza
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Natural fibres have proven to be a potential alternative to replace synthetic fibres in some composite materials applications. However, drawbacks such as impregnation difficulties and the poor fibre–matrix interface limit the use of natural fibres in high-performance applications. This work proposes using an acrylic resin to coat the fibre surface to enhance the interfacial compatibility among fique fibres and polyester resin. Pull-out tests revealed an improvement in the interfacial shear strength of about 110% for coated fibres. Furthermore, nanoindentation test, Micro Raman spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy indicated that the acrylic resin eliminates the gap at the fibre/matrix interface seen in the uncoated fibres. Observed behaviour could be attributed to a better chemical bonding between the fibre and matrix and is also hypothesised that the elastic characteristic of the coating helps to transfer loads effectively from the matrix to the fibre.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-25T07:08:37Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231207199
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Economic costs related to coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A systematic
literature review
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  Authors: Carla Blázquez-Fernández, Paloma Lanza-León, Lidia Sanchez-Ruiz, David Cantarero-Prieto
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the pressure on healthcare systems has been tremendous and it is having a huge economic impact. The objective of this paper is to carry out a systematic literature review of the publications that have analysed the costs derived from COVID-19 from the patient's perspective. Not only is this study aimed at measuring the impact of COVID-19 in economic terms, but also in qualitative terms, analysing, for instance, the types of costs (direct and indirect) and their variations depending on the geographical area under study. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. The time frame for the analysis was from the start of the pandemic until 9th December 2021. A total of 322 papers were found. The number of articles assessed for eligibility was 32, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 13 papers were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most of the studies analysed only direct costs (69.23%) and were focused on Asia (61.54%), where the larger indirect costs, as well as the greater total costs, were found. However, the higher costs per patient and year were shown for the United States. This investigation showed the importance of COVID-19 in national, regional and local budgets. More studies are to be developed in Europe due to both the existing differences in the health care systems and financing by country and the difference in the incidence of COVID-19 by country and wave.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-25T07:07:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231201548
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Nickel-related hypersensitivity reactions following endovascular
interventions: A review of current evidence
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  Authors: Vanessa H Tjen, Paul Zichu Yang
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Introduction:Nickel is a principal alloying agent in the production of vascular endoprostheses, despite persisting as the most habitually identified allergen. Variable nickel-related hypersensitivity manifestations following endovascular intervention were reported, challenging established paradigms in treatment and accuracy of prognostic assessments. The objective of this review is to critically evaluate current metrics to maximise patient-related outcomes.Methods:A literature review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 statement. Patients indicative of nickel hypersensitivity reaction following endovascular intervention were discerned. A positive reaction was defined by patch testing, histological analysis, or anamnesis indicative of nickel hypersensitivity. Morphology of implicating prostheses, adverse events and postoperative complications, clinical course, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies alongside patient prognosis were recorded.Results:Nickel-related hypersensitivity reactions following endovascular repair were identified in 36 patients with a median age of 44.5 years. 20 patients received nitinol-containing intervention. 28 (77.8%) patients are female. Multi-organ adverse reactions occurred in 21 (58.3%) patients with variable latency. 14 (38.9%) patients were presented with neurological adverse reactions manifesting mainly as unilateral hemiparesis. Dermatological reactions implicated 16 (44.4%) patients. Miscellaneous manifestations include suicidal ideation. 13 (36.1%) patients displayed previous metal intolerance and 32 (88.9%) patients had positive patch testing for nickel. Histological analysis of lesions and prostheses indicated lymphocytic infiltration. 5 (13.9%) patients experienced device-specific reactions as in-stent restenosis or auxiliary distal vessel stenosis. 11 (30.1%) patients received solely medical therapy and 5 (13.9%) patients received solely surgical therapy. 19 (52.7%) patients underwent both medical (oral corticosteroid) and surgical therapy (device retrieval). 26 (77.1%) patients achieved symptomatic cessation, 6 (16.7%) patients exhibited symptomatic persistence and 0 patients died.Conclusion:Prophylactic pre-assessment for a history of metal allergy and consideration of prostheses alternatives is recommended to minimise reaction risk and severity. Despite nickel's predominant usage, information paucity urges additional studies to emphasise its implications and maximise patient outcomes.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-24T04:14:21Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231200626
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Toward improving student motivation and performance in introductory
programming learning by Scratch: The role of achievement emotions
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  Authors: Fu-Hsiang Wen, Tienhua Wu, Wei-Chih Hsu
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  This study investigated the differences in programming novices’ intrinsic motivation and performance within a Scratch-based programming learning environment using a pretest–posttest intervention design. Specifically, this study aimed to examine what and how achievement emotions were aroused to impact learners’ academic success during Scratch implementation processes by employing regression analyses. One hundred and seventy-two undergraduates (Mage = 20.44, SDage = 1.09, 55.8% female) were voluntarily recruited to participate in a Scratch-based instruction workshop during a 6-week period. The workshop was structured with regard to preparation, Scratch-based programming learning and projects, and assessment activities and questionnaire implemented both before the instructional period and after the workshop. The results suggested that the Scratch-based intervention significantly increased students’ overall motivation and examination performance. Concerning achievement emotions, the outcome emotion of hopelessness first negatively predicted students’ motivation and performance. Anxiety then replaced hopelessness as a negative predictor, while enjoyment was the strongest predictor of motives and performance. Taking eight emotions together, the arousal of activity and outcome emotions within visual programming environments facilitated students’ emotion dynamics that impacted motivation and performance. The discussion and contributions concerning the mechanism behind the effectiveness of visualization and the emotion-performance relationship are presented herein.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-16T11:24:07Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231205985
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Advanced hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor
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  Authors: Si-Yuan Yang, Ji Zhang, Zhuang-Qing Yang, Jia-Jun Duan, Ying Zhang, Ming-Ke Li, Lei Wang, Chun-mei Ye, Jian-Yun Nie
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The incidence of gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer (BC) is low. We report a special case of Luminal B (Hormone Receptor positive [HR+]/Human Epidermal Growth Factor receptor 2-positive [HER-2+]) BC. The patient presented with asymptomatic brain metastases two years after radical surgery for modified breast cancer and developed right lower abdominal pain during relief therapy. Electronic gastroenteroscopy revealed inflammatory changes in the cecal mucosa. These changes were confirmed on pathology to be cecal metastasis from BC. The patient's condition was stabilised after treatment with an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). For patients with BC who develop appendicitis-like symptoms after treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, clinicians should be fully aware that the possibility of cecal metastasis needs to be considered, despite the very low probability of occurrence.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-13T07:03:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231201043
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Interconnected principles of ocean governance through science-policy
integration under the judgements of the international dispute settlement
bodies
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  Authors: Shijun Zhang, M Jahanzeb Butt, Khadija Zulfiqar
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  International Dispute Settlement Bodies (IDSBs), through their judgements, have consistently urged the States to take scientific approaches in ocean governance for marine environmental protection. There has been the development of significant jurisprudence which undertake policy principles with scientific prescription in ocean governance. The jurisprudence relating to maritime dispute resolution has primarily relied on the interpretative criteria of ‘integration’ for science and policy as specified in the Vienna Convention. Indeed, this principle of ‘integration’ integrated ‘science-policy’ through various concepts, and IDSBs applied and endorsed the ‘rule of law’, ‘cooperation’, ‘precaution’ and ‘ecosystem-based approach’ to lay stress on the progressive ocean governance. This also reflects that the scientific basis in jurisprudence demonstrates a change in the international organisations’ interests (of environmental protection and global sustainability). Moreover, it is also suggested at the end how the provisions related to Marine Scientific Research can be purposefully developed and maintained to protect the marine environment and ecosystems in light of the decisions of the IDSBs. This research article analysed the relevant jurisprudence to explain the principles for science-policy integration, which operates in ocean governance for marine environmental protection.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-10T06:42:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231205395
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
The impact of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles on the color stability of
artificially aged heat-polymerized maxillofacial silicone elastomer
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  Authors: Mohammed Abdalqadir, Kaml Mohammed, Bruska Azhdar
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The limited service life of craniofacial prostheses due to degradation and color instability is a significant challenge. This in vitro study aimed to determine how zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles affect the color stability of M511 heat temperature vulcanizing (HTV) maxillofacial silicone elastomers after artificial aging. ZrO2 nanoparticles were added at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 wt% to M511 HTV silicone elastomer. Two intrinsic silicone pigments were used (red and mocha). Silicone with pigment and without ZrO2 nanoparticles were used as the control. Eighty disk-shaped specimens were fabricated and divided into eight experimental groups, each containing ten specimens (n = 10). All specimens were subjected to artificial aging, and color changes were recorded at 252, 504, and 1008 h intervals. The L*a *b * values were measured using a colorimeter and the CIE-Lab system. To interpret the recorded color differences, a 50:50 percent perceptibility threshold (ΔE* = 1.1) and acceptability threshold (ΔE* = 3.0) were implemented. A one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05 were used for the statistical analysis. We found that every evaluated specimen group exhibited a chromatic change (ΔE* > 0). The ΔE* values for the mocha pigments with and without ZrO2 nanoparticles were below the perceptible threshold (1.1 units). The ΔE* values of the red pigment with and without ZrO2 nanoparticles were significantly higher than the acceptable threshold (P 0). The red pigment exhibited highly significant chromatic alterations. In contrast, mocha pigments with and without ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibited the least color change and were below the perceptible threshold. ZrO2 nanoparticles provided important protection and showed a reduction in color change.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-10T06:41:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231205392
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Low vitamin D and uric acid status in patients with benign paroxysmal
positional vertigo
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  Authors: Yuan-Yuan Ren, Yan-Jun Wang, Jin-Lan Li, Mo Liu, Fei Xia
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  PurposeGrowing evidence reported that vitamin D and uric acid metabolism played roles in the occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, an otoconia-related vestibular disorder. We aimed to investigate the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and uric acid in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and to determine the risk factor for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.MethodsThis case-control study comprised 182 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and 182 age- and gender-matched controls. All subjects’ age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), uric acid and serum calcium measurements were analyzed.ResultsWe found a female preponderance of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients, with a median of 60 (52–66) years old. The results showed low vitamin D status both in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and controls, with no significant difference of 25(OH)D levels between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients and controls (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and a lower prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (P
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-09T07:22:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231205397
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Early transthoracic echocardiography and long-term mortality in moderate-
to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: An analysis of the Medical
Information Mart for Intensive Care database
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  Authors: Qiuyu Liu, Yingkui Tang, Wu Tao, Ze Tang, Hongjin Wang, Shiyu Nie, Nian Wang
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  BackgroundThe clinical use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has dramatically increased, its impact on long-term prognosis in these patients has not been studied. This study aimed to explore the effect of early-TTE on long-term mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS in ICU.MethodsA total of 2833 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS who had or had not received early-TTE were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database after imputing missing values by a random forest model, patients were divided into early-TTE group and non-early-TTE group according to whether they received TTE examination in ICU. A variety of statistical methods were used to balance 41 covariates and increase the reliability of this study, including propensity score matching, inverse probability of treatment weight, covariate balancing propensity score, multivariable regression, and doubly robust estimation. Chi-Square test and t-tests were used to examine the differences between groups for categorical and continuous data, respectively.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in 90-day mortality in the early-TTE group compared to non-early-TTE group (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.98, p-value = 0.036), revealing a beneficial effect of early-TTE. Net-input was significantly decreased in the early-TTE group on the third day of ICU admission and throughout the ICU stay, compared with non-early-TTE group (838.57 vs. 1181.89 mL, p-value = 0.014; 4542.54 vs. 8025.25 mL, p-value = 0.05). There was a significant difference in the reduction of serum lactate between the two groups, revealing the beneficial effect of early-TTE (0.59 vs. 0.83, p-value = 0.009). Furthermore, the reduction in the proportion of acute kidney injury demonstrated a correlation between early-TTE and kidney protection (33% vs. 40%, p-value
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-06T06:33:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231201229
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
A fuzzy mathematical model for hybrid inventory and purchase optimization
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  Authors: Hongyu Tang, Amruth Ramesh Thelkar
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Making decisions about the design and implementation of a logistics network is crucial as it has long-term impacts. However, it is important to consider that demand factors and the number of returned items by customers may change over time. Therefore, it is necessary to design a logistics network that can adapt to various demand fluctuations. The main goal of this study is to calculate the quantity of products that should be sent at different times in a supply chain network to minimize the overall cost of reverse logistics and tardiness time. Accordingly, a multi-objective mathematical model is proposed that aims to optimize the total cost and the amount of delay in sending customer orders in a three-level logistics network, assuming that some parameters are uncertain. Additionally, the minimization of waiting time, considering the level of delay in sending, is applied as the second objective function. To handle the uncertainty in the reverse logistics network, a fuzzy approach is implemented, and the proposed model is solved using GAMS software. Furthermore, to solve the mathematical model in large dimensions, the Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) is applied in MATLAB software, and the results are compared to the global optimal solution. The outcomes show that the proposed algorithm has a desirable performance, as the total values sent to the manufacturer are equal to those obtained from the exact solution, and the objective function value decreases as the number of repetitions increases.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-04T04:54:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231201797
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Novel model predictive control-based motion cueing algorithm for
compensating centrifugal acceleration in KUKA robocoaster-based driving
simulators
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  Authors: Duc-An Pham, Trung Nghia Pham, Duc-Toan Nguyen
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  The washout motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is a critical element in driving simulators, designed to faithfully reproduce precise motion cues while minimizing false cues during simulation processes, particularly deceptive translational and rotational cues. To enhance motion sensation accuracy and optimize the use of available workspace, model predictive control (MPC) has been employed to develop innovative motion cueing algorithms. While most MCAs have been tailored for the Steward motion platform, there has been a recent adoption of the motion platform based on KUKA Robocoaster as an economical option for driving simulators. However, leveraging the full potential of the KUKA Robocoaster requires trajectory conversion of the motion base. Thus, this research proposes a novel MCA specifically designed for the KUKA Robocoaster-based motion platform, utilizing large planar circular motion to simulate lateral movement for drivers. Nonetheless, circular motion introduces disruptive centrifugal forces, which can be mitigated through proper pitch-tilted angles. The novel MPC generates simulated motion that accurately follows the lateral specific force target and effectively maintains the roll angular velocity below its threshold value. Additionally, it compensates for disturbing centrifugal acceleration by implementing pitch rotational motion, ensuring the pitch angular velocity remains below its threshold. Simulation tasks conducted on the motion platform, focusing solely on lateral acceleration, demonstrate the successful elimination of false motion cues in both the roll/sway and pitch/surge channels. The proposed innovative MPC solution offers an original approach to motion cueing algorithms in KUKA Robocoaster-based driving simulators. It enables the exploitation of the KUKA Robocoaster platform's capabilities while delivering accurate and immersive motion cues to drivers during simulation experiences.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-03T11:46:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231204759
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Effects of nebulized hypertonic saline on inflammatory mediators in
patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A double-blinded randomized
controlled trial
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  Authors: Mohammad-Taghi Beigmohammadi, Laya Amoozadeh, Nikoosadat Naghibi, Babak Eslami, Samrand Fattah Ghazi, Mohammad Javaherian, Mohammad-Amin Khajeh-Azad, Bahram Tabatabaei, Alireza Abdollahi, Elham Nazar
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Introduction:An exaggerated immune response is considered the most important aspect of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Hypertonic saline (HS) has shown promise in combating inflammation in several respiratory diseases. We investigated the effects of nebulized HS on clinical symptoms and inflammatory status in patients with severe novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pneumonia.Materials and Methods:We randomly assigned 60 adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia to the experimental (received nebulized 5% saline) and control (received nebulized distilled water) groups. All interventions were applied 4 times daily for 5 days. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other clinical factors from venous blood were evaluated before and after intervention application. Mortality rate, intubation rate, and durations of ICU and hospital stay were also compared between groups.Results:The levels of TNF-α (MD: −21.35 [−32.29, −10.40], P = 0.000) and IL-6 (−9.94 [−18.86, −1.02], P = 0.003) were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group after applying the interventions. The levels of white blood cell count, PO2, and serum sodium were also statistically significant differences between groups. However, we did not observe significant differences in terms of hospitalization durations and mortality rates.Conclusion:Nebulization of HS in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia appears to be effective in reducing inflammation, but does not appear to affect intubation rates, mortality, hospitalization, or length of stay in ICU.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-03T11:46:12Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231203130
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)
Statistical and artificial intelligence techniques to identify risk
factors for suicide in children and adolescents
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  Authors: Michaela Servi, Silvia Chiaro, Elisa Mussi, Giovanni Castellini, Alberta Mereu, Yary Volpe, Tiziana Pisano
  Abstract: Science Progress, Volume 106, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
  Background:Suicidal Behaviors and Thoughts are a relevant public health issue that includes suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, attempted suicide, and failed suicides. Since there is a progression of suicidal behaviors, whereby suicide is more likely to be completed if there have already been previous behaviors or attempts to harm oneself, WHO has highlighted the need to detect early predictors of such suicidal behaviors, which can help identify individuals at risk, plan prevention strategies and implement specific therapeutic interventions, particularly in young people, thus reducing the number of deaths. This retrospective observational study aimed to identify early predictors of suicidal risk in 237 inpatients admitted for Suicidal Behaviors and Thoughts at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Emergency Unit of the Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.Methods:The study was subdivided into three phases: data collection, statistical analysis, and neural network. For each patient, we collected epidemiological and psychopathological data. We stratified the inpatients into two groups: “suicidal volition patients” and “suicidal motivation patients.”Results:The hospitalization rate for suicidal behaviors and thoughts showed a growing trend from 2016 to 2020 (27.69 to 45.28%). Under 12 years of age, diagnosis of disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorder, previous specialist care, history of attempted suicide, and intoxication as methods of suicide were statistically correlated to an increased risk of suicidal behaviors. Artificial intelligence, with an accuracy of 86.7%, confirmed these risk factors.Limitations:The most important limitation of the study is its retrospective nature.Conclusions:Our study identifies new early predictors of suicidal risk: age less than 12, diagnosis of disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorder. In addition, suicidal volition behavior emerges as an important and underestimated risk factor. The use of artificial intelligence methods could be supporting the clinician in assessing suicidal risk.
  Citation: Science Progress
  PubDate: 2023-10-03T11:46:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/00368504231199663
  Issue No: Vol. 106, No. 4 (2023)