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Abstract: This paper deals with current problems of computerization, e-democracy, and the digital economy of knowledge. Global trends in the digital information society, e-democracy, and the economy of knowledge form the agenda of modern development. New opportunities for development in the information society have shown that virtuality contributes to the emergence of unconventional reality, which can also give rise to new threats and crises. Scenarios are discussed where the economy, science, high technology innovation, culture, and everyday life change under the influence of virtuality. PubDate: 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521020060
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Abstract: Methods and tools for identifying names of entities and relationships based on lexical and syntactic templates are considered in the framework of the task of semantic indexing of document texts. The content of the text is considered as a set of elementary facts represented by triplets, including the names of entities and relationships. Relations are divided into immanent, situational, and structural–linguistic. A taxonomy of relations is used to typify situational relations, whose classes include linguistic constructions. Immanent relations are formed on the basis of a network of concepts (thesaurus). A taxonomy of properties and units of measurement is used to identify the properties of entities. The proposed approach allows one to use the names of entities and the names of relationships, as well as elementary facts and complete semantic constructions made up of them, as a search query. PubDate: 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521020023
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Abstract: The conceptual approach to semantic search of scientific and technical information located in internet networks is described. A procedural model for organizing multi-iteration human-machine interaction with rigidly fixed feedbacks is presented to reduce the total time and increase the completeness of semantic searching. The functional and practical foundations for the development of a semantic search system for supporting the process of information and analytical work in internet networks are described. PubDate: 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521020072
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Abstract: The problem of the substantiation of the optimal composition of indicators intended for assessing existing and predicting new scientific achievements is considered. The types of indicators that are commonly used in the management of scientific achievements are systematized. A differentiated approach to the selection of such indicators is proposed, depending on the sections of knowledge to which they relate. In addition to the scientometric parameters of knowledge sections, the factors that influence the formation of sets of indicators are listed. The development of a quantitative model of the ratio of types of indicators in their sets based on measures of sets and binary relations of order over numbers is presented. Within the framework of this model, an explanation is given for the prevalence of expert indicators. The decision on the composition of the indicator sets is made based on heuristic rules. An example of finding the optimal ratio of the types of indicators for predicting achievements in the natural sciences and assessing the results achieved in the humanities is given. PubDate: 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521020035
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Abstract: This paper describes the creation of a prototype of the Chechen speech synthesis system that is based on the DCTTS neural network model and consists of various functional modules. It analyzes the quality of the received speech signal in accordance with the MOS international assessment of the quality of synthesized speech, as well as the results of testing the prototype of the Chechen speech synthesis system and its refinement. New areas of research are presented, which are preliminarily focused on the elimination of graphic homonymy in the text. PubDate: 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521020059
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Abstract: An analysis of domestic and foreign studies of the essence of blockchain technologies in the modern information society is presented and its relevance is substantiated. The appearance of this technology is considered and the mechanism of its action in the information context is investigated. The role of information in blockchain processes is described separately. The properties of blockchain technologies are revealed, the world experience in its application is structured, and the statistical data on the information security of society is provided. The author’s interpretation of the prospects for the development of blockchain technology in the information society is given. PubDate: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521010052
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Abstract: This paper considers the issues of predicative analytics using various methods and algorithms for predicting speech based on statistical data, as well as speech recognition using neural network learning systems. It presents the probabilistic elements of text and speech behavior, which must be taken into account in creating a speech-recognition algorithm and issuing recommendations for speech improvement. A sentence analysis algorithm is proposed to convert a spoken acoustic signal into a string of symbols and words. The principles of operation of modern speech recognition systems are analyzed. A technique is proposed for processing speech phrases using mathematical algorithms with an assessment of signal levels, which makes it possible to determine the degree of influence of individual characteristics of the speech apparatus. An assessment of the severity of abnormal symptoms in subjects with speech impairments has been carried out and a method for quantitative assessment of the size of the deviation of symptoms in these subjects has been proposed. PubDate: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521010064
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Abstract: The results of applying standard neural network architectures (CNN, LSTM, and BiLSTM) and the recent BERT models to previously labeled data for sentiment analysis in Russian are described. Two versions of the Russian-language BERT model (RuBERT) and different methods of its application to the problem of sentiment analysis are compared. The state-of-the-art results on the datasets were improved significantly. PubDate: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521010027
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Abstract: This paper makes two generalizations of the previously presented algorithms of the author based on the principles of information coding in molecular genetics. This is an account of the frequency characteristics of subalphabetic representations of polynucleotides and a generalization of an algorithm for processing arbitrary information presented in a quaternary code. The second generalization indicates the general significance of the proposed algorithms, which the author called molecular genetic or DNA algorithms, emphasizing their difference from the well-known genetic algorithms of the Holland type. An example of displaying the results of the operation of DNA algorithms in the frequency domain with visualization of the cluster structure is given. The example makes it possible to trace a structure that is quite common for DNA, which consists of a main cluster and several satellite clusters. Natural language texts processed by DNA algorithms in the structural and frequency domains are analyzed and compared. PubDate: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105521010039
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Abstract: — The huge space of experimental data on biological and chemical objects and their interactions contributes to the rapid growth of scientific publications containing their analysis. Such data may include characteristics of low-molecular-weight compounds, results of their biological activity evaluation, and their interaction with human and animal proteins, methods of synthesis of organic compounds, and their classification. The past decades saw the development of methods for automated extraction of data from texts of scientific publications, including those for retrieval of names of organic compounds. These data can be used for the automatic identification of the names of organic compounds, including all possible synonyms. Since the topics of scientific publications are diverse, the extracted data can be applied to obtain information about (1) classification of organic compounds (2) methods of synthesis of a given organic compound; (3) physicochemical properties of this compound; (4) its interaction with high-molecular-weight compounds (including proteins, mRNA of animals and humans); and (5) the therapeutic properties of organic compounds, the active substance of the drug, and data on clinical trials. This review considers the methods aimed at searching and extracting data on names of low-molecular-weight compounds and interactions between them and animal and human proteins (biological objects), as well as data on experimentally confirmed biological activity and the effects of organic compounds (including drugs) on pathological processes. Here, we discuss the methods developed and the results of their application published over the past 10 years. PubDate: 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520060023
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Abstract: — This paper discusses approaches to evaluating the quality of intelligent data analysis results in diagnostic tasks. The reliability (indisputability) of empirical dependencies established during training (interpolation–extrapolation) on precedents is evaluated using a special mathematical tool, that is, characteristic functions. Characteristic functions are generated on the available sample of empirical data based on similarity analysis of precedent descriptions, formalized as a binary algebraic operation. Some estimates of the computational complexity of applying the proposed mathematical technique of characteristic functions to predicting (diagnosing) the properties of newly studied precedents are presented. PubDate: 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520060072
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Abstract: Objective factors–prerequisites of adjustment of conceptual provisions and tasks of information support of modern scientific and industrial sphere are considered. The range of current and promising directions of creation and introduction of new technologies, information products and services in the structure of the State STI system is shown. A methodological approach to information management based on an assessment of the level of information support for targeted comprehensive programs and projects is presented. The potential economic macro-effect is structured, as determined by the efficiency of solving the set of tasks to increase the level of information support for research, development, and transfer of technologies. PubDate: 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520060035
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Abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate the dynamics of two journals indicators (Cited Half-life and Citing Half-life) in the case of incomplete or inaccuracy data in the Journal Citation Reports. A detailed analysis of these data for the CdHL and CgHL indicators for 1997–2018 was performed. The previously formulated similarity hypothesis on journal distribution by half-life period was clarified. Methods for determining the weighted average values of half-life indicators were developed in detail. The test of the similarity hypothesis had identified the time frame within which its objectivity was certain. Results of our study revealed that the dynamics of half-life indicators were positive; moreover, and these dynamics are much more pronounced for permanently retentive journals, i.e., journals that were present in the JCR during the entire 22-year study period. PubDate: 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520060047
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Abstract: This paper considers the possibilities for creating a trusted document management platform with a digital signature designed for mutual verification and recognition of documents generated in different jurisdictions and provided with a digital signature using various algorithms and keys. A method for reliable trusted storage, exchange, and verification of documents based on a trusted distributed registry using smart contracts and symmetric cryptographic algorithms is presented. PubDate: 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520060060
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Abstract: Three groups of tools of parrying negative external influences that serve to improve the security of network information systems are introduced: homogeneous parry tools, heterogeneous single-parry tools, and heterogeneous double-parry tools. The problems of ensuring the maximum probability of preserving the network information system are stated for each of these groups. Analytical models of solving these problems are developed and described; solution procedures that consist of sequences of specific steps are determined. A generalized procedural model of a network information system that interacts with a decision support system is presented. PubDate: 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520050040
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Abstract: This article describes the principles of development of logical-algebraic methods, as well as the software implementation of the JSM-system, which allows one to solve the problems of handwriting studies using the data from psychology. PubDate: 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520050064
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Abstract: A brief overview of artificial intelligence techniques applied to medical data related to oncology is provided. The actual goals of using artificial intelligence are listed, that is, the types of applied problems solved with its use. The initial information is described, which, as a rule, contains genotypic data: about DNA and associated molecules, as well as the general clinical parameters of patients. The description of the logical-mathematical and software approaches of the most known solutions in this area is given. This work is intended to familiarize data analysts with the challenges in modern oncology with the use of artificial intelligence, as well as to guide biomedical researchers on the variety of data-mining methods and capabilities. PubDate: 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520050027
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Abstract: The similarities of empirical dependences in a language and theoretical physical laws are considered. The issue of using quantum-mechanical models for describing textual documents semantic component is analyzed. Possible analogies between linguistic and physical objects are proposed. PubDate: 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520050076
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Abstract: A methodology of organizing the search for scientific and technical information and the creation of an appropriate information retrieval system is considered. The methodological basis is the three-level hierarchical structure of ontologies. The first level forms the conceptual apparatus of the subject area, the second level details the terminology of a specific area of scientific knowledge. Ontologies of the third level are focused on a specific scientific direction, they allow one to structure objects and research methods, as well as the scientific result and practical value of a scientific publication. An object data model is used. The basics of the language of information queries are proposed. PubDate: 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520050039
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Abstract: The paper proposes an original methodology of authorship attribution based on the deviations from Zipf distribution and statistical data obtained with the help of a concordance program and computations performed in a table processor. The methodology involves finding distances between input texts and a reference text basing on deviations of stop-words frequencies. The results that have been achieved prove that the proposed methodology allows performing efficient authorship attribution and that it can be used in the educational process to develop student skills and competencies pertaining to natural language processing. PubDate: 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105520050088
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