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Abstract: This paper discusses some possibilities of using mathematical models and methods related to the field of artificial intelligence in modern digital control systems as well as a number of their characteristics. A new class of such models formed by interpolation-extrapolation dependencies extracted from accumulated empirical data is presented. PubDate: 2022-10-01
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Abstract: Semantic artificial intelligence (AI) is considered as an element of subject–subject communications and as almost the only effective means of solving problems in search and analytical systems today. The role of semantic AI systems in making transparent and explicable decisions is explored; semantic tools are complemented by spectral models in analyzing the process of text generation. PubDate: 2022-10-01
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Abstract: Abstract Modern systems of open linked data, including Wikidata, are built on ontology representation standards such as RDF, RDFstar, RDFa, OWL, and query language standards such as SPARQL, GraphQL, etc. At the same time, the standards for the representation of axioms such as SWRL, RIF, and even OWL are little used, as calculations in ontologies presented on the Web based on axioms and rewriting rules are not widely used. In this regard, the article proposes to use the rich experience of the theory of algebraic calculations and algebraic representation of knowledge to create a convenient universal tool for constructing ontologies focused on computing answers to queries using axioms and rewriting rules to build answers to queries, and not just facts. The possibility of building a standard for the Algebraic Web Ontology Language (Algebraic OWL) is considered. Some elements of such standard is considered. The experience and methodologies of the approaches of the Common Algebraic Specification Language (CASL), the Mathematica system, and the Haskell and Prolog programming languages are used. PubDate: 2022-10-01
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Abstract: The article proposes an optimized algorithm that allows the use of a fuzzy inference system with a large number of inference rules (about 10 million) in computing systems limited by RAM and CPU power. Optimization is achieved by redistributing the membership functions of input variables and the dynamic formation of inference rules, which allows fuzzy system to store only inference rules conclusions, without using a complete search of the rules in the process of fuzzy inference. PubDate: 2022-10-01
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Abstract: The problem of automatic semantic analysis in natural language processing systems is considered. It is shown that annotating semantic roles is a promising method of analysis, which consists in the recognition of predicate-argument structures in each sentence. A program developed for marking semantic roles in Russian texts is described, and 2000 lexical units are marked on the examples of texts on aviation and astronautics. The unique inventory of semantic roles for aerospace domain is formed. Frame semantics method and ontological approach to frame organization in knowledge base are offered as a model of knowledge representation to organize labeled semantic roles. PubDate: 2022-10-01
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Abstract: Abstract In an article based on the semantic theory of information developed by Yu.A. Schreider, the phenomenon of insight is considered. It is shown that insight is an expansion of the thesaurus, when new information emerges as part of autocommunication. The presented scheme is illustrated by means of the material of the insight that caught Ignatius Loyola on the bank of the Cardoner River in August 1523. PubDate: 2022-10-01
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Abstract: This paper describes procedures of the use of the Z-score for text document classification purposes. The author tested the efficiency of this approach to the solution of authorship attribution and genre classification tasks, based on the analysis of distribution of stop words. The paper finds that the calculation of this score based on the raw counts of stop words produces a negative result, while its calculation based on the deviations of frequencies of stop words from the Zipfian score allows a higher classification efficiency. Matching against the previously developed Y-method demonstrated a higher Z-score efficiency for the solution of text classification purposes. PubDate: 2022-10-01
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Abstract: The key features of goal-setting in the fields of economics and management of the development of science are considered. The levels of the vertical management of scientific activity are highlighted. The requirements for the scientific strategy are formulated. The importance of the role of forecasting in the goal-setting of science is shown. Based on the analysis of strategic documents, the weak points of the methods and indicators used in the goal-setting of domestic science are discussed. Liberal and directive schemes for the decomposition of goals in the transition from one level of the vertical management of science to another are proposed. Considerations are made to optimize the selection of indicators for the goal-setting of scientific research. The complementarity of targets and priorities in science management is argued. PubDate: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522040082
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Abstract: Abstract An assessment of the impact of open access (OA) on bibliometric indicators and the altmetrics of scientific publications is presented. The object of the study was the metadata of articles placed in the RSCI bibliographic database, selected according to the following conditions: (1) the article must correspond to the subject area “pipeline transport” (according to the SRNTI classification); (2) article metadata should contain 5–7 keywords among terms from the subject area; and (3) more than three years must pass from the date of publication of the article. The results of the study confirm to some extent that the use of open access increases the number of views of articles, expands the readership and contributes to the dissemination of knowledge. However, the long-term impact of OA does not show obvious improvements in terms of bibliometric growth. It has been established that the citation of articles published on the terms of OA and non-OA levels out after 3 years, and, over time, the type of publication will not significantly affect the bibliometric indicators. PubDate: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522040045
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Abstract: In human-machine document retrieval frameworks focused on information support for main activity cognitive processes, onto-graph-based mechanisms for deep semantic search are discussed. The mechanisms of the application of examples corresponding to users’ cognitive states are given on graphs constructed from full texts. The paper gives a comparative evaluation of graph search mechanisms effectiveness in retrieval tasks, as applied to text reading processes. PubDate: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522040057
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Abstract: Abstract Methods of increasing the efficiency of systems working with knowledge bases and built in the formalism of functional neural networks are described. The occurrence of regular structures in the FN network in the context of substitutions from the knowledge base during the correction of the FN network in the search for a solution is considered. An economical way of presenting them is proposed, taking into account possible heterogeneity outside the context of substitution, as well as methods for reducing the volume of expansions of the FN network when searching for a solution using information about the identified regular structures. An algorithm is proposed that identifies permutations and allows, without costly manipulations with the knowledge base, to identify useful substitutions, operating with information about the positions of elements in a regular structure. PubDate: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522040021
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Abstract: As has been noted on numerous occasions, between 2012 and 2021, the pace of publications by Russian researchers rapidly increased; however, this growth was uneven in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Moreover, some research organizations had zero or even negative publication activity growth. To achieve a full understanding of the real development processes of the research sector requires analysis of the dynamics of dozens of indicators for hundreds of organizations. However, the question remains: how can these numerous data series be studied' To address this problem, this article proposes a method of classifying trends in time series based on a combination of three statistical tests of randomness against trend: the Cox-Stuart test, the inversion test of randomness, and the Mann–Kendall test. The method is used to classify a series of scientometric parameters that characterize various aspects of the publication activity of 701 leading Russian research organizations and universities, including a comprehensive publication score (an analogue of the official Composite Score for Publication Performance (CSPP)), the average quality level of publications, and the share of articles in conference proceedings. The differences trends of organizations of different types and performance categories are identified. This information is used to formulate new questions for further research into the causes of the observed trends in the development of Russian science. PubDate: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522040070
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Abstract: — The article presents the results of the first statistical analysis of an array of references (about 30 million) from Russian research articles, reviews, conference proceedings, and monograph chapters published in 1980–2020. The references are processed (restructured and identified) to make them machine-readable and to match them to cited publications. It is found that the content of the bibliographic description fields is not uniform. Methods for eliminating this ambiguity are proposed. Changes in the length of reference lists over time, the completeness of data in fields containing bibliographic descriptions of references, the dependence of successful identification of references on the database and the time of publication of the citing publication, and cross-identification of source publications and references are discussed. PubDate: 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522040033
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Abstract: Abstract The paper presents an estimation of overfitting probability for VKF-method of algebraic machine learning in the simplest case of Boolean algebra without counter-examples. The model uses the Vapnik—Chervonenkis proposal to minimize the empirical risk. Asymptotically the probability of overfitting errors for a fixed fraction of test examples tends to zero faster than exponentially decrease if the description length and the number of requested hypotheses go to infinity. PubDate: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522030098
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Abstract: — The features of human-machine documentary search focused on information support of cognitive processes are considered. The concepts of meaning and semantic information search are analyzed. The concept of deep semantic search is introduced, considered as an interactive process with search mechanisms on knowledge graph, similar to the mechanics of consciousness/cognition operations. The concept of cognitive information search is introduced, which is considered as the construction of a path of cognition—an interactive iterative and significantly dependent on the previous result formation of a target fact on a chaotic set of found facts. The result of such a search will be (1) the selection of fragments of documents that meet the real information need (and not copies of documents that meet the expressed need, as in traditional documentary retrieval system), and (2) an interactively generated semantic graph—a conceptual image of solving the user’s problem. Mathematical models of deep semantic search on knowledge graphs were given. PubDate: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522030074
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Abstract: The problem of the automatic analysis of large corpora of humanitarian texts is investigated. Book reviews are considered as a space of cultural code containing information on the value dominants in the consciousness of the modern reader. The database Reviews of Works of Fiction Containing Information about the Cultural Code has been created, which differs from analogues in its formation procedure and subject matter. The process of automatic search is described, and the results of an experiment on extracting the value-semantic components of the cultural code from the corpus of reader reviews (8278 texts) are presented. A conclusion is reached about the effectiveness of the developed methodology based on statistical methods and text analysis programs. The automatic analysis of the texts of reviews confirmed the ideas of the researchers regarding changes in the cultural code under the conditions of globalization: with its certain stability, some traditional values are replaced by values from other cultures. PubDate: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522030037
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Abstract: A new approach to the study of the structure of universal classification based on the analysis of subordination of hierarchical levels is presented. The proposed method makes it possible to identify violations of hierarchical subordination to exclude possible errors that occur when editing them and supplementing the existing classifications. The solution of these problems harmonizes the classification structure, bringing vertical and horizontal internal links into line. PubDate: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522030086
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Abstract: — This article describes three identifying characteristics of stop words—statistical, semantic, and morphological—and postulates new principles for the creation of stop word lists based on these characteristics. The application of the principles is demonstrated by creating a Russian-language general stop word list based on the analysis of existing sources and frequency distributions in the Russian National Corpus. The resulting list contains 535 stop words. PubDate: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522030049
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Abstract: Abstract The article represents the current state of the use of non-fungible tokens as blockchain-enabled cryptographic assets that represent proof of ownership of digital objects. Their great potential is substantiated as a means of protecting various types of information, capable of ensuring its confidentiality, integrity and availability. The problems of ensuring the security of non-fungible tokens are highlighted and ways to solve them are proposed. PubDate: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522030062
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Abstract: The relations of equivalence, tolerance, and partial order are considered in the set of strategies of the JSM method for automated research support. These relationships are used to increase the completeness and improve the degree of plausibility of the forecast. PubDate: 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3103/S0005105522030025
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