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Environment and Planning E : Nature and Space
Number of Followers: 6  
 
  Hybrid Journal Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 2514-8486 - ISSN (Online) 2514-8494
Published by Sage Publications Homepage  [1176 journals]
  • Geographies of Hope-in-Praxis: Collaboratively decolonizing relations and
           regenerating relational spaces

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      Authors: Julianne A Hazlewood, Beth Rose Middleton Manning, Jennifer J Casolo
      Pages: 1417 - 1446
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Volume 6, Issue 3, Page 1417-1446, September 2023.
      As burgeoning new forms of authoritarianism and fascism expand their reach, Geographies of Hope-in-Praxis stem from the locus of the present moment. Constellations of peoples re-rooted into place refuse Western ideals of democracy and development and engage with one another in new arrangements based on ancestral ways of knowing. In this Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space issue on Geographies of Hope-in-Praxis (GgsHope-in-Praxis), we step into ongoing conversations about hope, push back on business as usual, and amplify understandings of initiatives to (re)assemble different kinds of wor(l)ds. Our collection “geographizes” hope by digging into hope’s praxes—theories with action. Resurgent versions of hope can be better understood within the contexts of six dimensions—place, alliance, the unthinkable, perseverance, resilience, and the (im)possible—that provide diverse lenses for delving deeper into hope's complex topographies. Together, the articles reach across regional differences and bridge on-the-ground approaches. We activate hope through long-term, reciprocal, and accountable community-based methodologies in Brazil, Ecuador, the Philippines, and Southeast Alaska, California, and Kentucky in the USA. GgsHope-in-Praxis come to life in the process of collaboratively decolonizing relations and regenerating relational spaces. Vines of hope creep into crevices to interrupt and transform oppressive systems, intertwine to (re)weave localized communities together in living networks, and expand realities to increasingly join in solidarity with one another and amplify diverse pathways towards environmental-with-racial justices.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-10-05T02:49:13Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231191473
      Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 3 (2023)
       
  • Expertise, trading zones and the planning system: A case study of an
           energy-from-biomass plant

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      Authors: Nick Hacking, Robert Evans, Jamie Lewis
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Planning disputes are sites of contestation in which science-based regulations come into conflict with the place-based knowledge of local communities. The procedural and often technical nature of these regulations means that these controversies are marked by an asymmetry of resources that is often experienced by community groups as an asymmetry in credibility. In short, the expertise of developers is generally accepted as such, whilst the knowledge claimed by citizens is dismissed as ‘anecdotal’ or ‘NIMBYism’. In this article, we make the argument that the asymmetries of expertise are less stark than the current system typically allows and that recognising and accommodating this would improve the planning system by enhancing the representation and inclusion of community voices. We explore this position by using a case study of the construction of a Energy-from-Biomass plant in South Wales. Drawing from 30 qualitative interviews, we maintain that the planning process has the potential to function as one of a network of ‘trading zones’ in which different communities enact their rights and have their claims to knowledge and expertise recognised. Crucial to this argument is understanding that the levels and kinds of expertise that different parties bring to the interactions are more than just matters of attribution: community groups can have genuine expertise.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-11-13T11:02:02Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231212083
       
  • Grass versus trees: A proxy debate for deeper anxieties about competing
           stream worlds

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      Authors: Caroline Gottschalk Druschke, Eric G. Booth, Rebecca Lave, Sydney Widell, Emma Lundberg, Ben Sellers, Paige Stork
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Stream restoration has become an increasingly important focus in southwestern Wisconsin's Driftless Area, an unglaciated, hilly pocket of the Upper Mississippi River Basin rich in groundwater-driven coldwater streams, recreationally important trout species, and agricultural communities. Climate change is driving a major increase in precipitation and flooding across this rural and often under-resourced region, effects complicated by the ongoing legacies of white settlement and the changes it wrought to area streams, including the burial of floodplains in sediment displaced off area hillslopes. As managers work to consider how to “restore” Driftless streams, riparian vegetation—grass versus trees—has become a central and surprisingly controversial node. Current stream restoration practice typically includes the removal of riparian trees, though that practice has come under increasing criticism. Grounded in more than 5 years of qualitative and biophysical fieldwork in the region, we build from interviews gathered with 18 Driftless Area stream restoration managers from 2018 to 2020 to point to the ways that managers leverage arguments about erosion, flooding, habitat, and angler access, among other things, in service of grass and trees. Indexing the surface flows and underflows of this restoration debate, we introduce the rhetorical concept of the proxy debate to argue that debates about grass versus trees are tethered to competing perspectives on scale, temporality, and dynamism, surficial distractions from much deeper anxieties about what a stream is and should be. We turn to the ways that these distractions serve to further distance the stream restoration enterprise from acknowledging the ongoing human and hydrologic legacies of settler colonialism, and we close by suggesting that careful attention to rhetorical power—both to what arguments say and do, and to what they elide—offers a tentative first step toward restoring lands and relations by questioning what is taken for granted and what lies beneath.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-11-02T06:25:25Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231210408
       
  • Everyday youth climate politics and performances of climate citizenship in
           Aotearoa New Zealand

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      Authors: Meg Parsons, Gautami Bhor, Roa Petra Crease
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Young people around the world are creating their own spaces, strategies, and politics for climate action. In this article we explore the everyday informal politics of climate activism by youth from Aotearoa New Zealand's largest city (Auckland). We examine how young people, frustrated by the lack of global and domestic political inertia, are operationalizing their concerns about climate change into actions in their daily lives directed at mitigating their greenhouse gas emissions. Through a relational qualitative approach, we document the contradictory standing of youth, specifically as agentic actors and environmental citizens, who are aware of and seeking climate action through multiple modes of action including protesting, eco-consuming, influencing others, and eco-caring work. Our youth participants reported how their participation in various forms of climate activism helped to reduce their eco-anxiety and made them more hopeful about their collective abilities to address climate change. Our participants highlighted a hopeful view that their small-scale individual actions will collectively add up to large-scale changes at a systemic level. However, they were highly aware of and critical of state and corporate actors attempts to shift responsibility for taking actions to mitigate climate change onto individuals. Rather than situating themselves solely as eco-consumers engaging in eco-friendly purchasing practices, our youth participants narrated their sometimes contradictory climate actions (protesting, buy-cotting or boycotting, changing how they used goods, and services) as acts of resistance against the socio-economic status quo (high-carbon, neoliberal, and capitalist) that could act as trigger points for wider change. In this article we identify the various methods by which young people are participating in daily climate politics and demonstrating their agency, which are evident in their diverse pro-environmental-oriented and climate mitigation actions; all of which is evidence of how youth are seeking to be good climate citizens.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-10-18T07:12:35Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231208205
       
  • ‘My body tells me to stay here’: Materiality, identity and everyday
           politics in Wentang Town, China

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      Authors: Peng Li, Siyu Tian, Luchao Yao, Dan Feng
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This paper explores the relations of materiality, identity formation and everyday politics in the governance of geothermal resource in contemporary China. Drawing on ethnographic data, we found that the materiality of geothermal water in its lively and dynamic forms plays agentic roles in discourse constructions, embodied experiences and material practices, shaping the socio-natural politics. The social relations, contestations and conflicts are rooted in the ontological differences of geothermal water as understood by the competing actors. The study of geothermal water contributes to recent debates on the agency of materials in urban political ecology studies as well as exploring everyday politics by highlighting the multiplicity and heterogeneity of actors and the ways in which identity formations are mobilized in everyday governance. This paper sheds light on the heterogeneous configurations of urbanization processes and resource governance.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-09-28T09:16:44Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231203111
       
  • Political ecologies of a university and land at Cairo's urban periphery:
           The American University in Cairo's suburban desert campus

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      Authors: Danya Al-Saleh, Mohammed Rafi Arefin
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      In 2008, the American University in Cairo (AUC) moved from its downtown campus in Tahrir Square to the center of New Cairo. Through an analysis of AUC's historical land acquisitions at Cairo's urban periphery, this article examines how the university sought to influence land use over the past century. We argue that AUC's relatively recent role in New Cairo is an expression of the institution's century-long aspirations to acquire land on Cairo's periphery for a permanent suburban style campus. Drawing on the tools of political ecology and critical university studies, we trace how a suburban desert campus is consistently envisioned as a mechanism for the institution to play a significant role in influencing land politics and use in and beyond its campus. We highlight two key ways that AUC has historically situated itself in the city's development. First, purchasing land in order to relocate to the outskirts of the city has been central to AUC's strategy for accumulating wealth to ensure its long-term presence in Egypt. Second, acquiring large tracts of land for a suburban desert campus has been instrumental to AUC's educational mission to shape its student body, Egyptian society, and the political ecology of desert land in Egypt. Through archival research, we show how AUC's relationship to land positions the university as a significant institutional force in Cairo's rapidly urbanizing desert periphery. This situated case study contributes to an emerging body of scholarship examining the fraught historical and contemporary relationship between universities, land, environmental knowledge, and uneven urbanization in the Middle East and beyond.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-09-28T09:16:25Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231202253
       
  • Hydro-heritage for healing' Examining the gendered experience of water in
           post-conflict Swat, Pakistan

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      Authors: Daanish Mustafa, Muhammad Salman Khan, Helmut De Nardi, James Caron, Arab Naz, Mohsin Shinwari, Aneela Gul
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Water has been formulated as a resource or a hazard within water resources geography. We propose that reframing of water as hydro-heritage opens up richer analytical possibilities for examining the pluriverses and multiple ontologies that animate gendered experience of water. We are concerned with how hydro-heritage has or could have contributed to healing in the post-conflict Swat valley of Pakistan. We highlight how the Taliban insurgency and the reconstruction following its military defeat displaced people's worlds of meaning in Swat. We find that the pre-conflict mountain springs were a site for an enchanted affective encounter between humans and non-humans, where a multifaceted gendered experience of water was enacted. The developmental imaginaries of the Pakistan state in the post-conflict reconstruction phase and the accompanying social changes deracinated water and springs from their pluriversal moorings towards ‘modern water’ with damaging material and emotional consequences for the people of Swat. This was particularly pronounced in terms of gendered access to water, health and mobility. We suggest that water as hydro-heritage has the potential to heal, provided people's worlds of meaning and experience of water are recentred in developmental imaginaries.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-09-27T09:33:22Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231203854
       
  • From railroad imperialism to neoliberal reprimarization: Lessons from
           regime-shifts in the Global Soybean Complex

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      Authors: Finn Mempel, Esteve Corbera, Beatriz Rodríguez Labajos, Edward Challies
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Soybeans are ubiquitous in the global food system. As a major forest risk commodity, they are also at the heart of efforts to untangle the dynamics of land use change and associated impacts resulting from distant drivers. However, land system science has so far largely ignored the historically and socially embedded nature of these entanglements. This results in snapshot-like representations relying on neoclassical approaches to production and consumption. Here, we trace the evolution of the global soybean complex (GSC) since the late nineteenth century. We analyze how in the context of external developments soybeans have been channeled into different provisioning systems. This has occurred in a series of socio-ecological fixes, facilitated by socio-technological innovations and public sector interventions, motivated by different impediments to capital accumulation. Today, several emerging socio-technological practices promise to transform the GSC towards sustainability. We argue that the contemporary GSC inherits defining properties from the past, particularly the postwar strategy of using industrial animal farming to add value to surplus grains and oilseeds. The expanding GSC is therefore not merely a result of increasing demand, but rather the outcome of different provisioning systems’ continued dependence on soybeans. Future transitions will depend on public interventions and the influence of vested interest in current socio-metabolic patterns.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-09-21T06:34:49Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231201216
       
  • Environmental justice for whom' Citizen participation and brownfield
           redevelopment in downtown Birmingham, Alabama

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      Authors: Sandra Cutts, Russell Fricano, Robert Peters
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Environmental legislation promotes citizen participation in the environmental review process through public hearings, community meetings, and advisory groups. However, environmental justice literature advocates higher levels of grassroots citizen empowerment through education and involvement in the decision-making process. Numerous research studies indicated that although the federal government supports community involvement in environmental restoration projects, such involvement has never been implemented to its fullest potential. This case study examines citizen participation and empowerment in the environmental review process in the redevelopment of three brownfields in underserved neighborhoods in downtown Birmingham, Alabama. This study quantifies empowerment leveraging Arnstein's ladder of participation in a novel approach. Utilizing a survey questionnaire, this analysis was conducted in three ways: a comparison of actual citizen participation methods used in the process with those providing a higher level of empowerment; compilation of open-ended responses of citizen dissatisfaction with the environmental review process; and utilizing Arnstein's Ladder to measure perceived levels of empowerment of citizen, public official, and developer stakeholders. Findings suggest that the types of participation methods used were at lower levels of citizen empowerment removed from decision-making; in responses to open-ended questions, citizens expressed shortcomings in the participatory process compared with their opinion on how it should be conducted, and perceived levels of empowerment differed among the categories of stakeholders. Citizens reported perceptions of empowerment at levels of tokenism removed from decision-making, while developers and public officials reported higher levels of empowerment. This study concludes that more innovative citizen participation techniques, university/community partnerships, and collaborative compact models are needed for more equitable participation.Statement of Problem—The purpose of this case study is to analyze how well citizen participation in the environmental review process as specified by legislation corresponds to normative guidelines prescribed in the environmental justice literature.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-09-19T06:27:17Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231199330
       
  • Valuing difference: How breed matters for animal lives and relations

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      Authors: Catherine Nash
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Breed imaginations and practices fundamentally shape the lives of farmed, working and companion animals. Bringing together interests in animal breeding, interspecies kinship and multispecies care, this paper explores the relationship between investments in the continued existence and vitality of a breed as a whole and the encounter value of individual human–animal relations. It considers how breed matters to animal lives and relations through a conceptual focus on value and difference and an empirical focus on the breeding of horses in Iceland. These relations are not only limited to human–animal relations but also include social relations among animals. This paper firstly considers the significance of local and regional sub-species difference and practices of selection and inclusion in the making of horses in Iceland into a national breed. It then explores the perspectives of those involved in the breeding of horses in Iceland on what counts as quality and appropriate care for the breed and individual animals. Practices of care in Iceland are centred on allowing horses to live as sociable herd animals for extended periods of time each year, for the sake of individual animal well-being, to preserve the character of the breed, and in order to continue to enjoy the quality of human–horse relations that this system is understood to enable. Encounter value, in this case, depends on respecting difference and keeping at a distance. Multispecies care is thus not centred only on intimacy and the intersubjective; nor does treating animals as groups necessarily reduce the quality of care. The geographies of care for individual animals and for the breed are more complex and entangled. This suggests the need to address the implications of the positioning of animals as members of groups and species, as well as breeds, for animal lives and relations.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-09-15T06:11:13Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231194840
       
  • Enacting the blue economy in the Western Indian Ocean: A ‘collaborative
           blue economy governmentality’

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      Authors: Alex Midlen
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      The blue economy represents a new development paradigm, being promoted through multilateral institutions. I examine its emerging nature in the context of the Western Indian Ocean region of Africa. I situate the blue economy within the global sustainable development discourse and argue that it represents a form of global governmentality. I note its utopian nature and argue that discourses of utopian thought and risk act to ‘responsibilise’ States to collaborate in regional sea management in pursuit of human and environmental security goals – which I call a ‘collaborative blue economy governmentality’. I draw attention to multiple sites of resistance (‘counter conducts’) to this governmentality. These counter conducts are diverse, encompassing community resistance to development priorities, insufficient technical capacities and resources, and the material character of ocean and coastal ecosystems. I therefore characterise the blue economy as an immature governmentality, necessitating State and multilateral intervention to put in place or strengthen the governmental capacities needed to enact it. I conclude that the BE governmentality is largely of a neoliberal character, but with hints of an emergent post-neoliberal regime.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-09-06T06:21:11Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231198010
       
  • Governing pathological markets: Microbes, banana export markets, and
           speculative farming practices

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      Authors: Chi-Mao Wang, Ker-Hsuan Chien
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This paper examines the making and remaking of Taiwan's banana export market in response to the devastation caused by an outbreak of a novel infectious plant disease, Fusarium wilt disease Tropical Race 4 (TR4, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense). Taiwan was the world's fourth-largest exporter of bananas in the 1960s before the collapse of the market in the early 1970s. While scholars have drawn on actor-network theory-inspired performativity approach to understand the role of non-human actants in market-making, insufficient attention has been given to the distinct impacts of microbes on cases such as that of Taiwan's banana export market. Microbes’ creative and ever-evolving qualities constantly present challenges related to the control and containment of such non-human entities, for which no pre-existing or universally applicable solutions exist. Consequently, there is a lack of research that provides useful frameworks to understand such disease-plagued markets. To bridge this gap in the literature, we examine the remaking of Taiwan's banana export market in the aftermath of the TR4 crisis using a case study approach and develop the notion of pathological markets. Inspired by recent scholarship on biosecurity and related care practices, we outline two characteristics that shape pathological markets: (a) speculative and probiotic care practices and (b) the rescaling of market organisations. The results of the fieldwork conducted as part of the present study in laboratories, government offices and on banana farms lead us to contend that the growth and development of particular microbes in multispecies environments such as Taiwan's banana farms constantly pose significant challenges for market farming. Moreover, to co-exist with the threats posed by the growth and development of microbes such as those which cause Fusarium wilt disease TR4, growers in Taiwan's banana export market rely heavily on probiotic and speculative care practices.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-09-04T06:00:06Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231199334
       
  • Scope-shifting: Bureaucracy, Energy Justice and the Dakota Access Pipeline

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      Authors: Brittany Bondi, Leah S. Horowitz
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Through a study of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) environmental assessment (EA) of the Dakota Access Pipeline's crossing of Lake Oahe near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation, this paper explores regulatory agencies’ “interpretive implementation.” We find that, in implementing the National Environmental Policy Act and Executive Order 12898 on Environmental Justice, USACE “scope-shifted”—facultatively expanding and contracting the scopes of its spatial, scientific and cost–benefit impact analyses—to expedite industrial expansion, contravening the policies’ original intents. In doing so, USACE's EA created various energy injustices by excluding local tribes (especially the Standing Rock Sioux and Cheyenne River Sioux Tribes) and their concerns, e.g. treaty rights, local histories, climate change and especially potential oil spills with impacts on human health and subsistence resources. We analyze this scope-shifting through the lens of Karl Polayni's double movement between socioenvironmental protections and capitalist development. We elaborate this framework further via a triple-helix model that analyses ideologies, power relations and policies (here further complicated by both “law” and “interpretation” threads), as three intertwined strands that pull with or against each other, jointly progressing toward greater rights for vulnerable communities, “retrograding” toward earlier, oppressive conditions or simply stagnating. Ultimately, we argue that understanding scope-shifting and other forms of interpretive implementation as threads within the triple-helix policy strand, in dynamic tension or synchrony with other threads and strands, can help explicate agency decision-making processes. We hope that this conceptualization can elucidate the capacity of seemingly mundane bureaucratic practices for exacerbating, or potentially alleviating, energy injustice.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-08-25T04:27:38Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231192096
       
  • Wasting CO2 and the Clean Development Mechanism: The remarkable success of
           a climate failure

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      Authors: Henrik Ernstson, Erik Swyngedouw
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This paper examines how global climate mitigation policies articulate with urban political–ecological transformations. It focuses on South African waste-to-value projects as case studies, exploring how local processes of urban ecological modernization combine with global climate finance through the now largely defunct Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Whilst it is generally recognized that waste-related CDM projects in South Africa (and elsewhere) have been an unmitigated failure in terms of climate and socio-economic benefits, we demonstrate that landfill-to-gas/energy projects have functioned effectively as geographical–discursive dispositifs through which particular knowledge systems are enrolled, specific ‘solutions’ are projected, and singular imaginaries of what is possible and desirable foregrounded, thereby crowding out alternative possibilities. This not only nurtures the commodification and marketization of non-human matter with an eye towards sustaining capital accumulation but, rather more importantly, successfully installs state-orchestrated private property relations around common resources, thereby deepening the dispossessing socio-ecological relations upon which expanded capitalist reproduction rests. We argue that whilst the formal outcome of the CDM is a failure, its success resides precisely in how it permitted local and global elites to create administrative and regulatory practices that solidify and naturalize a neoliberal market-based framework to approach the climate crisis.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-08-25T04:26:39Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231196677
       
  • A critical agrarian approach to food crises: Social distance as a specific
           food crisis arising from the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

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      Authors: Benjamin Schrager, Chika Kondo
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Covid-19 precipitated a food crisis that reconfigured food systems in unprecedented directions. While much research on Covid-19 and food crises focuses on food insecurity, we argue for a critical agrarian approach to food crises that extends beyond food insecurity. We emphasize how food crises enact disruptions that can lead to the reconfiguration of food systems. Further, we distinguish between specific crises that disrupt food systems from the general Crisis of the corporate food regime. This article draws on interviews with key actors to explore how changes to social distance in response to Covid-19 rippled through Japanese food systems as segments of Japanese food economies expanded, adjusted, and contracted. Although Japan avoided the harshest consequences of food insecurity arising from Covid-19, the pandemic reconfigured Japanese food systems in novel directions. This reconfiguration does not neatly correspond to the general Crisis of the corporate food regime because of the prominence of the hybrid zone and scalar politics of local food within Japanese food systems. We urge critical agrarian scholarship to closely examine the situated dynamics enacted by specific food crises, because such crises introduce key inflection points for reshaping food system trajectories.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-08-23T08:23:17Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231194835
       
  • Production of nature and labour agency. How the subsumption of nature
           affects trade union action in the fishery and aquaculture sectors in
           Aysén, Chile

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      Authors: Diego Velásquez, Jorge Ayala
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This research seeks to link labour studies with political ecology by studying how the subsumption of nature affects labour agencies in fisheries and aquaculture in Aysén, Chile. For this purpose, the time-space-form approach is used to compare their impact on the distribution of union power resources between these sectors. The findings indicate that the labour agency is impacted by natural materiality and the environment unequally according to the strategy of appropriation and commodification of nature. This relationship between labour and nature is mediated by the organisation of the labour process, because bio-geographical conditions set the process of resource appropriation and commodification and, consequently, shape the relationship between capital and labour.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-08-08T06:07:00Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231192091
       
  • Be(y)on(d) the map: Collaboratively activating Geographies of
           (De)CO2loniality/H2Ope in the Ecuadorian Chocó borderlands

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      Authors: Julianne A. Hazlewood
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This article is positioned within the Chocó borderlands of Ecuador and Colombia. I delve into the historical and contemporary everyday struggles of two communities within the Santiago-Cayapas Watershed—the Afro-descendant community of La Chiquita and the Awá Indigenous community of Guadualito. Yet, I also discuss the methodological aspects of “us-formation”: the multi-dimensional trials and tribulations of a collective quest for justice. The goal: to situate their largely invisibilized 20+ years of legal struggles against two oil palm companies ‘on the map' and demand reparations. The oil palm companies violate Human Rights and Nature's Rights by contaminating rivers and destroying the sustenance of ancestral communities’ lives. Through honing into the entanglements of collaboratively activating five dimensions of Geographies of Hope-in-Praxis—place, alliances, the (un)thinkable, perseverance/resilience, and the (im)possible—the paper traverses a multi-dimensional journey-destination of interdependent processes: 1) (De)CO2loniality: decolonizing research, “official” versions of history, and now, “climate change mitigation development”, that attempt to silence and choke out Indigenous and ancestral peoples and territories; and 2) H2Ope: carving out new relational spaces bound together by establishing networks to revindicate human/ancestral rights to water and the rights of La Chiquita River. Geographizing hope reveals that the route toward hope-with-justice is a nonlinear, constantly shifting, unpredictable pluriverse of possibilities ripe for action.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-26T05:45:37Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231182994
       
  • Towards abolitionist agrarian geographies of Kentucky

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      Authors: Garrett Graddy-Lovelace
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This agrarian geography of Kentucky begins on the streets of the state's largest city, in the throes of antiracist struggle. It tracks the state's lingering colonial settler power dynamics through the racism of plantation, extraction, and carceral geographies. It then traces how resistance to these exploitations take root in place-based agri-food initiatives unfolding through urban-rural solidarity against white supremacist policing, prison systems, labor exploitation, and extractivism. It begins with a brief overview of the scale of reference of Kentucky itself. Situating the state entails addressing the trauma and topophilia (love of landscape) of its agrarian past and present. It draws upon bell hooks’ literary invocations of Kentucky-based agrarian visions, as well as place-based political ecology scholarship (seven years of Kentucky Agrarian Questions practitioner panels at the Dimensions of Political Ecology Conference at University of Kentucky). Following Black and abolitionist geographies, this agrarian geography traces rural and urban shared struggles for food sovereignty, environmental justice, and liberation from racism of carceral systems. It introduces Kentucky grassroots projects connecting and uniting rural and urban struggles against carceral violence and the racism therein, such as Hood to the Holler (a political initiative emerging from Black Lives Matter mobilizations for Breonna Taylor). The essay ends with reflections on the political-ecological contradictions and imperative of working through and beyond a settler-colonial-state scale of reference like Kentucky. To extricate from and dismantle plantation modes and carceral legacies, abolitionist agrarian geographies recover the reality of Black and Indigenous agrarian history, presence, and futures. As such, rooted in place-based reckoning, resistance, and responsibility, they offer hope.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-19T07:08:23Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231187795
       
  • Privatizing water in the Atacama Desert and the resurgence of
           Atacameño indigeneity

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      Authors: Manuel Prieto
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Until the mid-1980s, the Atacameño indigenous people were broadly caricatured as Chilean peasants or herders. In the 1980s, they began a process of resurgence as indigenous in order to attain legal recognition. Structural approaches to indigeneity have explored this phenomenon by seeing Atacameños as passive subjects whose identity has been imposed, fixed, or mediated by the law and by external actors (e.g. bureaucrats, intellectuals, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)). Problematizing these viewpoints, I argue here that Atacameños, rather than adopting indigeneity based on predetermined structural factors or instrumental motivations, are active agents in their resurgence and the articulation of their identity against cultural assimilation and extractive industries. Based largely on oral evidence collected from indigenous leaders and other key actors, I show that the dispossession and threats that the neoliberal Chilean Water Code brought to the Atacameños served as critical historical sediment for the resurgence and articulation of their indigeneity. The results problematize the hegemonic perspective that presents authenticity as a requisite for indigeneity and indigenous people as colonial power victims. Instead, Atacameños are situated agents who revived their identity within a broader process in order to challenge dominant structures concerning access to resources, principally water.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-19T05:58:22Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231187799
       
  • Wineries in the Itata and Cauquenes Valleys: Local flavors, multiple
           dispossessions and care for the commons as pluriverses for (neo)peasant
           climate resilience

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      Authors: Bárbara Jerez Henríquez, Beatriz Eugenia Cid-Aguayo, Verónica Oliveros, Alfonso Andrés Henríquez Ramírez, Eduardo Letelier, Francisco Bastías-Mercado, Julien Vanhulst
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Within the framework of the global climate crisis and its specific effect of the mega-drought affecting dryland agriculture in the central-southern area of Chile, this study analyzes peasant wineries as a historical and collaborative commons, with traditional and agroecological knowledge and practices, which is organized and represents an important pluriverse for climate resilience. This takes place despite the threat of dispossession and multiple enclosures associated with the advance of industrial-level wineries and corporate forest plantations. The text analyzes the ways that small winegrowers in the Itata and Cauquenes Valleys protect their heritage and income by integrating interdisciplinary contributions from geology (evaluating climate change manifestations in their valleys), social sciences (observing the care and production practices of the wine-growing commons), and law (analyzing possible legal frameworks to develop in this common defense). All these actions are integrated from an analytical framework of political ecology and climate justice. In these experiences, we recognize multiple elements of climate resilience adapted to the agroecological conditions of dryland farming, showing that wineries are an activity which can protect the local territory and provide climate justice, contributing to protecting cultural heritage and socioenvironmental well-being in communities.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-19T05:57:43Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231185235
       
  • Nature and the extended city: Wasteland governmentality, the sacred, and
           anti-wasteland politics in the Aravalli region

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      Authors: Nitin Bathla
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Wasteland governmentality has long shaped colonial and postcolonial landscape governance across the planet. While historically wasteland classification was deployed for agrarian land settlement and silviculture, with extended urbanisation it is increasingly used to consolidate landscapes of extended urban nature. These landscapes are in turn subjected to state-led land enclosures for urban and infrastructure development and for greenwashing. This paper investigates the political construction of one such landscape of extended urban nature, the Aravalli region, a geological feature which runs parallel to the extended corridor urbanisation in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). Particularly, I examine how in the name of regulating mining, urban development, and pollution in the Delhi NCR, the revenue wastes including sacred groves, hills, and other village commons falling in the Aravallis have been consolidated as a state space. I examine how the patchwork of communities assembled in the extended urban fabric of the region deploys the sacred to counter land enclosure and the emptying out of meaning. I discuss three such modalities of the sacred in the region, namely, its use by agrarian villages to assert land rights over sacred forests, the misuse of the sacred by temple committees to produce faux nature, and its use by emergent urban environmental movements in the region to frame an anti-wasteland politics. Focusing my attention on the state, I discuss the need for a nuanced understanding of emergent urban environmentalism in the region as restorative commoning beyond the binary framings of bourgeois versus the poor.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-18T06:06:40Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231187811
       
  • From chains to chainsaws: Modern slavery and deforestation in the
           Brazilian Amazon

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      Authors: Shannon Hobbs
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Modern slavery and deforestation in Brazil are interconnected issues but have been approached by researchers and policy interventions separately. However, an emerging slavery-environment nexus is demonstrating the urgent necessity of engaging with slavery and deforestation holistically, to aid effective action. Accordingly, the research aimed to investigate the slavery-environment nexus in the Brazilian Amazon, by engaging with three core components: vulnerability to enslavement, slavery-deforestation links, and assessing labour and environmental inspections. Mixed qualitative methods revealed that proximate determinants of vulnerability (poverty, lack of access to land, lack of education and social isolation) are multifaceted and produced by underlying determinants (unequal land distribution, racial discrimination, economic globalisation and policies undermining distribution). Furthermore, slavery and deforestation were found to be organised by criminal networks in geographically isolated spaces, specifically among interconnected sectors at the bottom of the supply chain. These characteristics facilitate slavery and deforestation by lessening the risk of detection and punishment, which was compounded by the Bolsonaro government demobilising labour and environmental inspections. Alleviating vulnerability through redistributing land prevailed as a practical recommendation, however there is also need for research to engage further with the underlying determinants of vulnerability and slavery-deforestation links. Only then can slavery and deforestation be tackled holistically.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-18T06:05:49Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231187397
       
  • Technopolitics of future-making: The ambiguous role of energy communities
           in shaping energy system change

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      Authors: Fredrik Envall, Harald Rohracher
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Implementing the EU Clean Energy Package (CEP) and its provisions for strengthening energy communities – the cooperative production and management of energy at local level by citizens, a concept emphasising citizen participation and empowerment – has opened a new arena for contestations over energy futures in Sweden. An aim of CEP is to contribute to just energy transitions through citizen participation and democratisation by using the potential of energy communities to reconfigure socio-material relations of the energy system. However, different actor constellations claim interpretative privilege about the role and importance of energy communities in a low-carbon future. To better understand political contestations over energy futures, we unpack broader discursive patterns and their socio-material enactments related to legally define and regulate the operation of energy communities in Sweden. Through the analytical lens of socio-technical imaginaries and technopolitics, we explore struggles over energy futures within conduits of institutionalised policymaking and attempts by energy communities to navigate technopolitical barriers in relation to grid infrastructure, power relations, actor constellations, rules and regulations and knowledge claims. We find that energy communities are not easily accommodated to the dominant socio-technical imaginary of Sweden’s energy future. What is at stake in processes related to the transposition of the CEP into national law is essentially different political ideas of how society should be organised.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-14T05:44:08Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231188263
       
  • Destabilizing the science of soils: Geoscientists as spokespersons for
           land subsidence in Semarang, Indonesia

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      Authors: Marie Belland, Michelle Kooy, Margreet Zwarteveen
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      In this article, we explore how land subsidence is scientifically known in the coastal city of Semarang, Indonesia. We do so to ask questions about how the authority of this scientific knowledge is or not effective to help slow down land subsidence' We examine the scientific methods used to measure where, and at what rate, subsidence occurs, and we inventory the theories mobilized to interpret and explain them. Our analysis shows how land subsidence resists being fully or unambiguously known; its science remains somewhat speculative. We explore how, in Semarang, but also more broadly, this makes it difficult for subsidence scientists to act as effective ‘spokespersons’ for subsidence; their predictions lack certainty and confidence. As we follow the subsidence debates in Semarang we document how subsidence scientists need the authority of science to speak convincingly to powerful elite coalitions of government agencies and private companies, who have vested interests in ignoring or denying their role in causing or accelerating subsidence. We identify this as one reason why subsidence scientists deploy great efforts to present themselves, and their science, as separate from politics and society, as detached and therefore objective. Beyond contributing to emergent discussions in science and technology studies about how science shapes underground politics, our analysis opens up and sheds new light on the question of how scientific facts become entangled with politics in societal controversies.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-06T06:44:20Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231184064
       
  • An urban ‘age of timber’' Tensions and contradictions in the
           low-carbon imaginary of the bioeconomic city

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      Authors: Bregje van Veelen, Sarah Knuth
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      What will the low-carbon cities of tomorrow be made from' We see an unexpected answer today in the return of ‘premodern’/‘preindustrial’ materials to central cities and skylines. Champions of new mass timber materials have driven a race on iconic ‘plyscrapers’ and, increasingly, novel systems of industrial prefabrication. Drawing on the notion of sociotechnical imaginaries, we explore how advocates attempt to ‘fix’ desirable future cities and urban bioeconomies through this biomaterial. In doing so, we suggest that mass timber's emergent sociotechnical imaginary embodies a distinct kind of futuring, which we label ‘nostalgic futurism’, conjoining ‘technofuturist’ and ‘nostalgic-reparative’ visions. We find that, on the one hand, mass timber proponents embrace competitive novelty, uniting drives for architectural distinction and high-tech disruption. On the other hand, aesthetic advocates put forward visions around the material's more traditional premodern/preindustrial associations, in narratives of biophilic design which claim therapeutic benefits of contact with visible nature in buildings. These conjoined forward- and backward-looking compulsions pose tensions and internal contradictions. Nostalgic-reparative visions risk greenwashing and reproducing unequal access to environmental amenities, while reinscribing regressive appeals to an imagined past. Meanwhile, technofuturist drives extend late capitalist growth imperatives and pressures for accelerated material churn in both forests and urban centres—while obscuring tough questions about mass timber buildings’ expected lifetimes and claims for long-term carbon sequestration. Conversely, a reimagined mass timber project might support more progressive movements for climate restoration, repair, and reparations.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-07-04T06:12:29Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231179815
       
  • Shrimp in labs: Biosecurity and hydro-social life

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      Authors: Yu-Kai Liao
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Since the 1980s, modern shrimp aquaculture has been seriously affected by shrimp diseases worldwide. Shrimp aquaculture cooperates with scientists in the lab to develop biosecurity strategies and biotechnology products, such as specific-pathogen-free shrimp, vaccines and probiotics, to tackle the risk of shrimp disease. Securing shrimp health needs to manage the breeding environment, particularly water quality and water ecologies. Shrimp and water travel between the lab and the field for monitoring, experimentation and disease prevention. This article proposes the notion of hydro-social life to analyse how biosecurity strategies and biotechnology products are developed in the lab and deployed in the field by visiting private, governmental and university laboratories in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, Hô` Chí Minh City, and Taiwan. I argue that scientists innovate biotechnology products to improve biosecurity strategies by reconfiguring hydro-social lives, like managing shrimp health and water quality. The development and deployment of biosecurity from the lab to the field are influenced by capitalist forms of life and social relations.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-06-21T06:51:24Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231174302
       
  • Reclaimed ecotones in the climate change era:; A long-durée framing of
           urban expansion in Mumbai, Amsterdam, New York, and Tokyo

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      Authors: Şevin Yıldız
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Transition ecologies, namely ecotones, are where life started. Deltas, estuaries, bayous, and wetlands are places where different ecosystems merge and evolutionary processes take place. This paper explores three time periods in four coastal cities to look at the relationship between environmental values and urban expansionist paradigms through reclamation projects. It argues that these thresholds, occurring contemporaneously in expanding metropolitan regions, correspond to changing conceptualizations of urban–nature relationships, in other words urban core's changing relationships to fringe ecosystems. The metropolitan regions used as case studies for this piece are Mumbai, Amsterdam, New York, and Tokyo. Each has used reclamation as a grand expansion strategy during political or economic transitions. During each grand alteration attempt in these regions, the developers, reclamation enthusiasts, or urban planners revisited the city's immediate ecological fringe for expansion, and following these revisitations, a new geographical order formed in their subsequent regions. The urban fringe has become the socio-spatial zone where new and experimental ideas about urban development encounter complex natural systems. The land-use negotiations and reclamation's role in shaping the urban–nature relationships are missing pieces of the planning field. Any future looking climate resiliency plan today should build on the reading of this palimpsest and understand how these environmental values were traded and how global expansion narratives transformed the urban–nature gradient.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-06-20T02:22:36Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231177843
       
  • CORRIGENDUM to The End of the Experiment' The Energy Crisis, Neoliberal
           Energy, and the Limits to a Socio-Ecological Fix

    • Free pre-print version: Loading...

      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.

      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-06-08T05:50:58Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231180723
       
  • The role of hydrosocial heritages produced by hydrosocial territories in
           understanding environmental conflicts: The case of Sélune dam removals
           (France)

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      Authors: Ludovic Drapier, Marie-Anne Germaine, Laurent Lespez
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Dam removal has become one of the most widespread tools for river restoration; however, these projects can be conflictual. Our aim in this paper is to question the disconnection between the ecological project and the territorial project and to evaluate its role in the emergence of conflicts. Conceptually, we draw on a hydrosocial territory perspective to link the sociopolitical and economic context to the production of a new materiality sustained by power relationships. We focus on the removal of two large dams on the Sélune River in Normandy, France, which has fueled a conflict that has lasted for a decade. By combining multiple data sources (semi-directive interviews, focus group, archives), we highlight five successive and overlapping phases since the dams’ construction at the beginning of the 20th century. Each of these periods are characterized by the (dis)empowerment of certain stakeholders, the evolution of the material environment, and the fluctuation of the hydrosocial territory scales. The case of the Sélune highlights the importance of including long-term historical perspectives in the concept of hydrosocial territory, i.e. thinking about hydrosocial heritages. Hydrosocial heritages constitute a new way to approach non-human actors by taking the historical and contemporary relationships between humans and non-humans into account. It also helps situate the dynamics of a conflict in a deeper historical process, revealing how past dynamics shape contemporary situations.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-06-07T05:44:04Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231179293
       
  • Walking journeys into everyday climatic-affective atmospheres: The
           emotional labour of balancing grief and hope

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      Authors: Petra Tschakert, Chantal Bourgault du Coudray, Pierre Horwitz
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      The postapocalypse as a mobilising discourse for climate action operates largely out of anger over experienced and anticipated injustices as well as paradoxical hope that fuses loss and grief with freed-up solidarities in support of liveable futures. However, negotiating this emotional tension can be both draining and isolating. Here, we examine how white settler populations in Western Australia balance grief and hope in places they hold dear and the role emotions such as sadness, worry, disappointment, joy, and pride play in relational place making. Through an innovative in situ and mobile methodology we call Walking Journeys, we trace how participants navigate their climatic-affective atmospheres and make sense of their agency in changing ‘Places of the Heart’. We find evidence for emotional complexities of solastalgia where pessimistic outlooks for the future are wrapped up in prefigurative visions of a better world. By holding the tension between paralysis and restoration, urban and rural residents explore affective co-existence and differential belonging in their homes and the landscapes around them. We highlight the challenge of enfranchising emotions beyond individuals and conclude by endorsing entangled, reflexive, and (re-)generative responsibilities for hopeful postapocalyptic journeying.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-05-24T05:48:28Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231173202
       
  • The cene scene: Who gets to theorize global time and how do we center
           indigenous and black futurities'

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      Authors: Andrew Curley, Sara Smith
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      The Anthropocene, Capitalocene, and Plantationocene are propositions for new ways of understanding the role of people on the planet. The theories hold that humans, capitalism, or the logica of plantation agriculture have so fundamentally reworked the world that we can demarcate these as new eras in the planet's history. In this article, we argue that these narratives privilege Eurocentric narratives of human history, failing to adequately engage Black and Indigenous scholarship and theorizations on the nature and origin of environmental change. We argue for scholars grappling with questions of environmental change to include Black and Indigenous scholarship, experience, and thought when theorizing new histories of the planet.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-05-18T05:40:23Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231173865
       
  • The end of the experiment' The energy crisis, neoliberal energy, and the
           limits to a socio-ecological fix

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      Authors: Gareth Fearn
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      The present energy crisis is one which is rooted in the contradictions of the neoliberalisation of energy. The UK is one of the pioneers of energy neoliberalisation and has been experimenting with different market arrangements since the 1980s, yet has found itself particularly exposed to the impacts of a global energy price shock. Through an analysis of policy documents, regulatory reports and historical energy policy literature, I identify how privatisation, regulatory experiments and market engineering under a neoliberal policy paradigm helped to create the conditions for the present crisis. Drawing on Hall's conception of policy paradigms, I argue that the neoliberal policy paradigm, for energy, is locked in a cycle of interventions at the second order to manage the contradictions of the third order priority of securing privatised energy markets and maintain legitimacy for the neoliberal energy system. The current energy crisis has led to the government making increasingly extreme second order interventions to stabilise the energy system to secure the interests of electricity capital and fossil capital. The present crisis, however, exposes the limits to a socio-ecological fix (for people, and for capital) within neoliberal hegemony.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-05-08T04:52:09Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231172844
       
  • Social representations on the environment and socio-metabolic regimes: The
           case of the Spanish state

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      Authors: Marina Requena-i-Mora
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This article investigates the relationship between the socio-historical representation of the environment and socio-metabolic regimes in the case of the Spanish state. For this purpose, 70 interviews and three focus groups were conducted with different social actors. This qualitative study has been complemented by reconstructing per capita trends in the material footprint. The results show three differentiated regimes. First, before the 1960s, we found an era predominantly characterized by an agricultural economy, and the environment was understood as a source of livelihood. Material use was between 3 and 6 tons/capita/year. After the 1960s, economic modernization started, and natural resources were considered unlimited. The transition from an agrarian to an industrial socio-metabolic regime was inherently linked to a surge in material use per capita. In the 1980s, political modernization began, and the consumption of materials on average is currently between 14 and 27 tons/capita/year. However, when the material footprint has reached the highest amount, the environment is considered a product of economic growth and a post-material value. Post-materialism's historical and social specifics promote a social representation of the environment that hinges on separating lived practices from the environmental impacts these practices have produced. The resulting environmental concern may not benefit the environment. Conclusions highlight a need to rescue social representations of the environment that relate to the environmental impact of lifestyles.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-04-28T06:24:22Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231169208
       
  • Introduction: Accumulation by restoration and political ecologies of
           repair

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      Authors: Amber Huff, Andrea Brock
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Accumulation by Restoration (AbR) represents a shift from a conservationist ‘mode of production’ emphasizing sustainability and preservation to a ‘growth economy of repair’ in which nature becomes valued not just for its use but also for its potential for repair or restoration. The ‘repair mode’ mobilizes the assumption, imagery and mythology of degradation juxtaposed with the promise of economic and ecological redemption. Through rationalization, restoration, re-creation and/or re-cultivation, it aims to generate new, better-disciplined, more legible, ‘substitutable’ natures to multiple accumulative ends. Bridging political ecology, critical agrarian studies and science and technology studies, contributions to this themed issue explore transformations associated with AbR at across scales and involving variegated alliances, discourses, technologies and institutional dynamics giving rise to ecologies of repair. We demonstrate how the dynamics and contradictions of the repair mode are mediated and enacted through the performative, spectacular and metrological rendering of ‘mitigation’, ‘equivalence’, ‘neutrality’ and ‘repair’ as instruments and object, simultaneous means and ends. These dynamics have given rise to new materialities and technologies of governance and new intensities and spatialities of resource control and accumulation, as what were consequences of growth have become strategic goals and the foundation of a new growth economy.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-04-26T05:44:43Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231168393
       
  • Deviant accumulation at farmed animal sanctuaries

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      Authors: Heather Rosenfeld
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      In much of Western society, animals such as chickens are considered commodities. As such, they are bred and raised to produce eggs, meat, and entertainment. Farmed animal sanctuaries challenge this status quo by rescuing, rehabilitating, and caring for these animals. In so doing, sanctuaries implicitly and often explicitly challenge chickens’ and other farmed animals’ status as commodities. What does decommodification entail' How do we get from capitalist lively commodities to other interactions with living beings' Drawing on mixed methods ethnographic fieldwork, this paper theorizes the decommodification process, elaborating the more-than-capitalist political economy of chicken rescue and sanctuary. I make the case that the political economic work of sanctuaries begins, though occasionally tragically ends, with processes akin to hoarding. In turn, I suggest that we think of hoarding less stigmatically and more in terms of political economy, as deviant accumulation. Building on Marx's understanding of hoarding as a process of accumulating without exchanging, deviant accumulation is accumulation that challenges capitalocentric norms. As such, by taking animals out of a system of exchange value, all sanctuaries practice deviant accumulation. Deviant accumulation thus becomes a practice that is potentially radically anti-capitalist: a practice from which different and non-anthropocentric values can emerge. I explicate the concept of deviant accumulation, how sanctuaries practice it, and to what ends.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-04-18T05:25:27Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231167870
       
  • Complexities of multispecies coexistence: Animal diseases and diverging
           modes of ordering at the wildlife–livestock interface in Southern Africa
           

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      Authors: Arvid van Dam, Wisse van Engelen, Detlef Müller-Mahn, Sheila Agha, Sandra Junglen, Christian Borgemeister, Michael Bollig
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      The transmission of diseases between wildlife and livestock poses a major challenge to both conservation and livestock sectors in Southern Africa. Focusing on the cases of foot and mouth disease and trypanosomiasis in the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, this article explores the complexity of coexistence between humans, livestock, wildlife, vectors and pathogens. Multispecies coexistence, we suggest, is best understood not only through the relations between species, but also as characterized by a collision of modes of ordering. Drawing on expert interviews and a discourse analysis of policy documents and reports, we identify three modes of ordering coexistence: a categorical and increasingly disfavoured mode of species eradication, a territorial mode focused on containment and separation, and an infrastructural mode premised on connectivity between populations, landscapes and ecosystems. Together, these different modes of ordering pose a challenge to scientific knowledge production; where uncertainties present themselves not so much in the form of ignorance or knowledge gaps, but rather in the form of ambiguity: of knowing diseases and species differently. In this view, living with pathogens becomes a matter of recognizing the partiality of knowledge and the positionality of knowledge producers and users, as well as highlighting potential sites of alignment.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-04-18T05:24:38Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231160637
       
  • Mapping the catastrophic imaginary; The organisation of environmental
           politics through climate change

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      Authors: Nicholas Beuret
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Stories about the end of the world continue to pile up daily. There isn’t any sense of respite from the litany of horrors we are presented with. The eerie atmosphere of ecological catastrophe colonises our political imaginations. Understanding how we collectively imagine the end of the world, and thus how we understand what is happening, why and how, as well as what we must and can do, is politically crucial. The vast tapestry of environmental crises makes the role of the imagination central; not only in terms of being able to know the crises, but in setting out what is concretely possible and what is cruel fantasy. This paper sets out to map the imaginary of ecological catastrophe as drawn from the body of non-fiction literature that fuels much contemporary environmental activism in the Global North. Taking up the work of a series of environmental writer-activists in order to outline the various refrains that comprise the core of the eco-catastrophic imaginary, I aim to sketch how the slow violence of the present is being narrated as a political event, and what possibilities for averting disaster appear possible. It is the argument of this paper that how we collectively imagine the cacophony of environmental disasters presently unfolding shapes the field of political action.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-04-13T05:09:08Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231168395
       
  • Disentangling Waterworlds: The role of ‘agential cuts’ and ‘method
           assemblages’ in ontological politics – an example from Loweswater, the
           English Lake District

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      Authors: Judith Tsouvalis
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This article explores the intra-active collective politics of the Loweswater Care Project (LCP), a ‘new collective’ of humans and nonhumans that assembled in the English Lake District in 2007 to grapple with the potentially toxic blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) that were proliferating in Loweswater lake. The LCP was motivated by questions similar to those asked by the editors of this Special Issue on ‘Water Matters’ in their call for contributions and to which this article responds, namely ‘how can we acknowledge the agency of more-than-humans in our political ecologies'’ and ‘how can this help us compose better, more balanced, human–environment interactions'’ To answer these questions, the paper examines how the LCP put intra-active collective politics into practice, a form of ontological politics informed by the work of Bruno Latour on object-orientated politics and Karen Barad on agential realism. It explains the key role played in ontological politics by what Barad calls agential cuts and what Law refers to as a method assemblage, both of which can be used grasp the intra-acting agencies entangled in matters of concern. Two examples are given to illustrate this: first, the scientific modelling the LCP undertook to understand connections between land use and water quality, and second, the hydro-geomorphology survey it conducted of the catchment to grasp the links between hydrological processes, land forms, and earth materials. While the first example highlights how method assemblages perform agential cuts and craft realities and presences for new collectives to do ontological politics with, the second illustrates how the realities crafted by the hydro-geomorphology survey impacted on the LCP's sense of collective agency. The paper ends by reflecting on the ethical dimensions of intra-active collective politics directed at composing a better common world and on the issue of ‘care’, both of which require further attention.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-04-06T07:30:12Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231165441
       
  • Humane dog food' caring and killing in the certified humane dog food
           value chain

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      Authors: Carly Baker
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      The marketing of dog food influences pet-owners to nurture the ‘carnivorous’ nature of the dog, keeping animal-based protein central to the industry. Alas, dog food has a significant impact on welfare. Consumers are aware of this impact, shifting the industry towards alternative pet food movements such as Open Farm, the first certified humane food. This article examines the material and discursive practices through which ‘humaneness’ is constituted as a quality within the humane pet food supply chain and how it reinforces embedded animal hierarchies. By reviewing the marketing and history of commercial dog food production, I show how ‘caring’ for the carnivorous dog lays the framework for killing. I use Open Farm's transparency tool to trace the value chain and compare it with the imagery, discursive claims, and material practices found within the Global Animal Partnership standards. I argue that instead of questioning animal-based protein, humane certification creates an alternative in which the pet owner could still ‘care’ for the wildness of their domesticated dog while simultaneously ‘caring’ for farmed animals. Thus, it reinforces the hierarchies of the industry. Additionally, the validity of the humane claims depends on the animals’ charisma and proximity to humans. In other words, marketing in the humane dog food supply chain creates animal–animal positionalities, in which the animals’ care or killability is mediated through the humans’ supply chain and marketing. However, as I show with interview data, the hierarchies are fragile and must be continuously reinforced, as animals can slip into different positions. Their proximity to humans alters their positionality and their killability.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-28T06:34:44Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231165457
       
  • Deadwood: People, place, and neoliberal forest policy in British Columbia,
           Canada

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      Authors: Sinead Kathleen Earley
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This article describes the people and forests in traditional Secwépemc territory in the Interior Plateau of British Columbia (BC), Canada. It examines the intersection of neoliberal forest policy and profound ecological change in the south-central region of the province, with careful attention paid to the wider contexts of settler colonialism. The article critiques the implementation of forest policy reform (the Forest and Range Practices Act, enacted in 2004) as it coincided with one of the first major climate change events of landscape-altering magnitude in BC – the mountain pine beetle outbreak. Between 1998 and 2014, the outbreak resulted in tree mortality for roughly half of the mature lodgepole pine trees in the province. It left an expanse of ‘deadwood’ on the landscape, leading to heightened social and political conflict over how the beetle-affected areas were managed. Research methods include transcripts from a public hearing in Tk’emlúps/Kamloops, supplemented by eighteen semi-structured interviews. The article argues that the confluence of neoliberal forest policy and climate change has further entrenched the settler colonial and corporate capture of forests.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-27T07:52:13Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231165447
       
  • Unearthing the decolonial environmental worldview (DEW): The case of
           Jamaica

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      Authors: April Karen Baptiste, Rachael Baptiste-Garrin
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Environmentalism has been defined in multiple ways across the literature from a global perspective, both as an ideology and as a movement. However, the definitions of environmentalism have been either vaguely defined or broad with the most common characterization being that of conservation and preservation being at the heart of environmentalism. While there is considerable research on environmentalism in the industrialized world context, there is still limited research in developing regions, with a dearth of research in the Caribbean, hence the rationale for this research. The physical environments of former colonial states have always been subjected to exploitation, yet the way in which this resource has been used by local populations have not been characterized. This paper begins to examine the ways in which local populations of former colonized states view environmentalism. Taking a case study approach, Jamaica is used as the beginning point of reference. Using interviews with self-identified environmental activists, results indicate that there is, what is uniquely referred to in this paper, a decolonial environmental worldview (DEW) that exists among environmental activists. This worldview is grounded in a number of principles that are tied to the way in which the decolonization process continues to proceed in the Caribbean region. The paper postulates that this DEW framework has elasticity and should be applied to other postcolonial societies to determine its salience.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-20T07:23:30Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231159299
       
  • Making a market in environmental credits I: Streams of value

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      Authors: Morgan Robertson, Rebecca Lave, Martin Doyle
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This pair of papers examines and describes the state action necessary to make markets function as environmental policy instruments and as strategies of governance. They do this through a detailed look at the mechanics of environmental credit compliance markets in the US states of Oregon, Ohio, and North Carolina in which stream credits are privately created and sold to developers who have impacted protected stream systems. In this paper, we examine the tools, techniques, and people involved in the creation of a value-bearing stream credit out of a physical stream or river site. These observations reveal important principles of how science functions within governance, as well as where gaps and resistances appear that create unforeseen outcomes in market-led policy. We examine the construction and use of instruments that define natural processes as objects with value; these techniques and tools include databases and spreadsheets, algorithms, and field scoring tools that have been scavenged from a wide range of scientific and governance practices and are not themselves inherently capitalist or developed for capitalist purposes. In three different state settings, the move from measure to value is made in different ways that depend on the local institutional and social context. However, they all act to render a network of interacting ecological forces as a field of discrete ecosystem objects amenable to governance with markets.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-15T08:12:47Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231151810
       
  • Making a market in environmental credits II: Watershed moments

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      Authors: Morgan Robertson, Rebecca Lave, Martin Doyle
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This pair of papers examines and describes the state action necessary to make markets function as environmental policy instruments and as strategies of governance. We do this through a detailed look at the mechanics of environmental credit compliance markets in the US states of Oregon, Ohio, and North Carolina in which stream credits are privately created and sold to developers who have impacted protected stream systems. In this paper, we observe that the governance of streams as water resources requires the state to create a scalar hierarchy that fixes certain characteristics of streams at certain scales of state action. These fixes attempt to resolve, bracket, or ignore the temporal and spatial variability of streams that can confound governance; however, these variabilities are essential to the scientific study of streams. At each of the four distinct scales, four different operations crucial to market function were observed; at each scale, elements of natural variability were fixed or confined to be expressed only within the given scale. These observations reveal principles of how scale functions within environmental governance, as well as failures where gaps and resistances appear that create unforeseen outcomes in market-led policy. In three different state settings, the establishment of a fixed scale of governance is made in different ways that depend on the local institutional and social context. However, they all act to render an unruly set of temporal and spatial flows as instead occurring within certain fixed scalar boundaries, and thus amenable to governance with markets.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-15T08:11:48Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231151807
       
  • The emotional life of rupture at Cambodia's Lower Sesan 2 hydropower dam

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      Authors: Sango Mahanty, Sopheak Chann, Soksophea Suong
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This article aims to extend and deepen our understanding of how emotions figure in experiences of major nature-society disruptions or “rupture.” Cambodia's Lower Sesan 2 hydropower dam is an example of rupture, which refers to dramatic, adverse, and disruptive episodes that ripple across scale. Against a historical backdrop of land enclosures and dispossession, the dam sparked significant community and civil society resistance. This emotionally charged campaign emphasized that the dam and associated resettlement would erase the impacted communities’ deep customary relationships to the area. Although some community members ultimately refused the resettlement package and moved to customary lands near their flooded village, the majority accepted resettlement. We explore the emotional dimensions of these communities’ experiences, finding that rupture is an inherently emotional process, within layered historical processes of change and violence. The intense emotions that such processes evoke can spark action within the “open moment” (Lund, 2016) that episodes of rupture create; yet the outcomes are highly unpredictable within the asymmetrical political and economic settings that underpin nature-society rupture.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-14T07:22:45Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231162087
       
  • Actually existing intersectionality: The place-based and embodied politics
           of animal and human rights activism

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      Authors: Esther Alloun, Nicole Cook
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Critiques of intersectionality as an additive and simplistic model of understanding identity politics has led to calls for renewed concepts that better grasp the complexity and potential of shared struggle. In this article, we contend that the experiences of activists attempting to practice an intersectional human and animal rights politics are a crucial yet overlooked resource in the development of such conceptual imaginaries and ethical practice. Drawing on an historical case study conducted with activists involved in the 1990s anarchist collective ‘One Struggle’ in Israel/Palestine, we argue that an ethic of shared human and animal rights struggle cannot be separated from place-based and embodied politics. We show that activists cultivating intersectional politics in practice must negotiate affective forces of discomfort, alienation and exhaustion that wear down and constrain the potential for intersectional coalitions and joint struggles. These affects are generated through state disincentives, violence the cultural politics of nationalism and incommensurable differences. In this context, intersectional politics are a precarious achievement, dependent on the capacities of activists to continue to compromise and negotiate affectively charged encounters in everyday settings. To better capture the precarious, contingent and provisional nature of animal and human rights activism, we therefore propose the concept of ‘actually existing intersectionality’, illustrating how intersectionality is retheorised via emplaced, embodied activist practices. In so doing we make visible the work through which intersectional politics coheres through negotiation by actors in particular places and times.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-13T06:43:31Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231159626
       
  • Unruly spaces, unsettling transformations: Nature connection, neoforaging,
           and unmediated encounters with others in Israel/Palestine

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      Authors: Ariel Appel
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This article explores the potential of unruly wild spaces and foraging practices to enable unmediated encounters and unsettling transformations, through the ethnography of neoforaging praxis and its emphasis on seeking direct “connection.” In pursuit of connection with nature through foraging practices, neoforagers regularly encounter both non-human and human others at the unruly edges and seams of cultivated space. Neoforagers associate the unruliness and immediacy of such encounters with “true connection” and pursue practices that are considered both “connective” and “transformative,” capable of subverting hegemonic narratives and consumerist dependencies. Through the case of Israeli neoforagers in the troubled context of Israel/Palestine, I revisit power and categorical relations in the nation-state from neoforagers’ connection-oriented perspective, making salient ongoing processes in which micro-scale encounters are continuously disrupted by the mediating affects of macro-politics, social categories, cultural schemes and such, making salient that in the nation-state unruly situations and unmediated encounters are all too scarce.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-08T06:59:19Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231160082
       
  • “People are no longer quiet”: Ordinary environmental
           citizenship in Lago Agrio, Ecuador

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      Authors: Claudia Díaz-Combs
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      For years, residents in northeastern Ecuador's Amazonian city of Lago Agrio demanded the expansion of water and sanitation services to peri-urban neighborhoods. Community members regularly filed claims, made demands at town hall meetings, spoke directly to policymakers during neighborhood tours, and assembled an extensive quantitative and qualitative database on the everyday challenges of precarious access to water and sanitation. Their demands were clear: municipal and national governments must use state revenue to improve water and sanitation networks. Engaging an ordinary citizenship framework, this article forwards an interpretation of these actions as ordinary environmental citizenship. Residents dictate how they envisage the role of the Ecuadorian state through citizenship practices that respond to their community's environmental conditions. This article posits that the embodiment of socio-environmental citizenship represented in Lago Agrio is reproduced through relationships cultivated in every day, routine, ordinary experiences textured by a shared sense of insecure access to water and sanitation. Lago Agrians contest exclusion and demand the state use broad financial redistribution to improve and expand public water and sanitation infrastructure.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-06T06:57:32Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231160642
       
  • Making development legible to capital: The promise and limits of
           ‘innovative’ debt financing for the Sustainable Development Goals in
           Indonesia

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      Authors: Abbie Yunita, Frank Biermann, Rakhyun E Kim, Marjanneke J Vijge
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Aligning private finance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promises to close the multi-trillion-dollar SDG ‘financing gap’ while unlocking trillions more in market opportunities. This article explores the processes mobilised for this alignment in Indonesia, an emerging country exemplified as a site where such opportunities are profuse. We do so through assessing modalities of planning, prototyping and building project pipelines designed to facilitate market development for green and SDG bonds. As these types of bonds are supposedly used only to finance socially and environmentally beneficial projects, they are placed at the forefront of innovations to align financial returns with sustainable development outcomes. To make sense of what these forms of innovative finance do, we weave scholarship on the financialisation of development and on (shifting) governance practices surrounding the development project, together with empirical material gathered from SDG finance events, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. We argue that the processes shaping market development for green and SDG bonds functionally iterate upon and extend an open-ended project of making development legible to capital: to see and act on the SDGs as an investable proposition. This legibility rests upon and engenders standard(ising) techniques to define what counts as ‘green’ and ‘sustainable’ in ways that (in)visibilise impacts, promising – albeit speculatively – the realisation of social, environmental and financial goals. Here, the SDGs provide the institutional locus to enliven this promise, erasing the unevenness of finance-oriented development and legitimising capitalist modes of ‘seeing’ and ‘doing’ development around this promissory imaginary.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-06T06:56:59Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231159301
       
  • Embodied geographies of environmental justice: Toward the sovereign right
           to wholly inhabit oneself

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      Authors: Miriam Gay-Antaki
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      I introduce insights from Latin America and across disciplines to advance our understanding of environmental injustices as written on women's bodies. This paper will entice environmental justice scholarship into conversation with geography to stress how embodied geographies of environmental justice are necessary to understand the geographical, gendered, sexualized, and racialized arrangement of environmental injustices. Expanding Environmental Justice to incorporate the body through Segato's understanding of cuerpo-territorio, a concept that blends geography, territory, and the body, we blur the lines between public and private—emphasizing the role of the state and global capitalism in the subjugation of women and people of color. By asking who reproduces, what is reproduced, and where, in environmental justice work, we underscore that environmental matters are reproductive, and the disproportionate embodied consequences of environmental injustices on sexualized, gendered, and racialized bodies. This violence against feminized bodies is explained as the unintended consequences of global capital accumulation, but decolonial, queer, Black, and feminist geographical insights show how these are central for capital accumulation. Attending to the body as an important geopolitical site allows us to articulate mundane, everyday instances of environmental justice and reproductive justice as geopolitically important. I propose that Embodied Geographies of Environmental Justice that center the concept of cuerpo-territorio underscore that the physical territory of both environmental justice and reproductive justice struggles is in racialized and feminized bodies. By bringing in feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial understandings of production and reproduction, I provide a framework that allows for a global and nuanced understanding of gendered geographies of violence, environmental, and reproductive justice. A reading of a Moraga poem toward the end of the paper, demands that we attend to women of color theorizing their own experiences in radical and innovative terms that resist and transform oppressive relations offering possibilities for renewal, regeneration, and healing.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-03T09:45:26Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231151802
       
  • Smart energopower: Energy, work and waste within a UK smart grid trial

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      Authors: James Angel
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      In The Birth of Energy (2019), Cara New Daggett offers an incisive critique of the dominant thermodynamic concept of energy. ‘Energy’, Daggett shows, is inextricably tied to an exploitative productivist politics that extols the virtues of work and the sins of waste. In this paper, I seek to develop new conversations between Daggett's account in The Birth of Energy and an important empirical development within the energy industry that Daggett herself does not consider: the smart grid. The paper draws upon a mixed-methods research project, investigating a UK smart grid trial called ‘OpenDSR’ devised and implemented by Manchester-based co-operative Carbon Co-op, with funding from the UK government. I draw on my research within OpenDSR to make two interconnected arguments. Firstly, I argue that the smart grid sees an intensification of the energy-as-work logic that Daggett opposes, taking pre-existing preoccupations with calculation and measurement within the energy system to new extremes in pursuit of the maximisation of efficiency and the minimisation of waste. I then proceed to think through the political implications of this argument, contending that while the smart grid reproduces the dominant energy logic that Daggett critiques, it might still have a part to play within an emancipatory environmental politics. In making this claim, a second argument emerges, constituting a sympathetic critique of Daggett's account more broadly. Daggett offers an incisive and important contribution that does much to develop debates within the energy social sciences and humanities. However, I suggest that her account risks obscuring some important political differences between variegated forms of work and waste: while she makes a persuasive case for an anti-work conceptualisation of energy that portends liberation from waged labour, her analysis of the kinds of ‘efficiency’ that pertain to the energy system seems less compelling.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-03-02T06:05:14Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231159628
       
  • Elements of power: Material-political entanglements in Australia's fossil
           fuel hegemony

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      Authors: Olivia Hamilton, Daniel Nyberg, Vanessa Bowden
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Anthropocentric climate change presents an existential threat through impacts such as rising sea levels, effects on agricultural crops and extreme weather events. However, governments, businesses and communities struggle to wean off fossil fuel dependency. In this article, we argue that this is due to the grip of fossil fuel hegemony. To explain this grip, we draw on the theoretical perspectives of new materialism to examine how fossil fuels and politics interact in upholding Australia's fossil fuel regime. Our analysis, based on 70 qualitative interviews conducted with politicians and political advisors, fossil fuel executives and experts and environmental activists, shows three processes – establishment, entrenchment and encroachment – through which political-material entanglements lock in a fossil fuel-based future. These processes are both discursive, with politicians and industry downplaying, if not outright denying, the climate emergency and material, with investment in new mines and infrastructure even while the negative ecological impacts of fossil fuel use gather pace.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-02-28T05:54:43Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231159305
       
  • The eco-munitionary subject: Conservation with and of firearms

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      Authors: John P. Casellas Connors, Elizabeth A. Carlino, Christopher M. Rea
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      The Pittman-Robertson Act of 1937 was a transformative piece of legislation for wildlife management and conservation in the United States, incentivizing the creation of state wildlife agencies and establishing funding mechanisms for these agencies. The legislation directs an excise tax on firearms, ammunition, and archery equipment to a fund to support wildlife restoration projects by state wildlife agencies. In 2021 alone, this generated more than $1 billion in project funds. Although commonly framed as a user pays model of conservation whereby hunters fund wildlife management, most of the excise taxes collected on firearms and ammunition are now associated with non-hunting uses. Despite this disconnect, many firearms industry groups continue to support and promote their relationship to Pittman-Robertson. Here, we examine the role of Pittman-Robertson in shaping the relationship between firearms and conservation and seek to understand how this relationship is reproduced. We examine this shifting relationship through an analysis of amendments to Pittman-Robertson since its creation and a discourse analysis of contemporary materials from web sites of firearms, hunting, shooting, and conservation organizations. Drawing on the concept of environmentality and diverse ecologies, we argue that Pittman-Robertson has contributed to the production of, and been re-shaped by, a distinct environmental actor: the eco-munitionary subject.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-02-23T06:35:44Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231157272
       
  • ‘They’re part of what we are’: Interspecies belonging, animal life
           and farming practice on the Isle of Skye

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      Authors: Tom Fry
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This article develops the concept of interspecies belonging: a process of co-habitation between humans and non-humans achieved through material, affective and situated practises. This dynamic is generative of an intimate, personal sense of belonging and a socio-spatial politics of belonging. The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork amongst hill farmers and the animals they live alongside on the Isle of Skye, North-West Scotland. It considers how farming work is an embodied and sensorial immersion in more-than-human worlds, undergirded by affective intensities that produce a feeling of being right with the world, but also of the farming self as producer of commodity goods. Within the fraught political ecologies of a post-productivist uplands, and the growing influence of nature conservation in farming life, they animate a political belonging aimed at protecting access to natural resources. I demonstrate how the imbrication of animal behaviours, mobilities and bodies within this dynamic of belonging shapes how they are understood as legitimate or illegitimate presences within upland landscapes. Through this, I consider how the recently reintroduced sea eagle is engaged with by farmers as an exemplar of exogenous institutional intervention that marginalises an already precarious way of life.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-02-23T06:35:15Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231151809
       
  • Decolonising spaces of knowledge production: Mpala research centre in
           Laikipia County, Kenya

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      Authors: Mark Griffiths, Fridah Mueni, Kate Baker, Surshti Patel
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      In this article we discuss Mpala Research Centre in Laikipia County, Kenya as a distinctly colonial space. Drawing on historical materials, fieldwork observations and in-depth interviews, we build an account of British colonial expropriation of land, European and American modes of enclosure, and the development of a prominent site of knowledge production in the fields of ecology, conservation and evolutionary biology. Mpala is product and productive of colonial relations, ones where land use serves mainly Western interests in ways that sustain and entrench categories of coloniser/colonised. We support this claim by identifying three ways in which colonial legacies endure at Mpala in terms of (i) ontology, or the particular ways in which land is made landscape; (ii) race and the organisation of space and labour and (iii) silence (and silencing) as a mechanism that sustains colonial power relations. We further argue that turning to such a nameable site of contemporary academic extraction enables a shift from postcolonial critique to decolonial praxis. By naming Mpala in specific terms, the possibility of politics opens out from critical analysis towards a project of undoing the epistemological and material legacies of colonialism.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-02-14T07:44:58Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231156728
       
  • The power of lament: Reckoning with loss in an urban forest

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      Authors: Catherine Phillips, Jennifer Atchison, Elizabeth Straughan
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      This paper explores the lamenting for a street tree to better understand reactions to ecological loss. It responds to calls for social studies research into how ecological loss is felt and expressed, particularly when that loss and its emotional impact is unrecognised. Drawing on a unique dataset of emails to trees in Melbourne, we consider the most emailed tree, a tree felled despite collective action. Lamenting for this tree is explored as an individual and collective process that includes but extends beyond grief. A lament, we argue, involves shaping and expressing an account of loss that holds others to account. Understood as an embodied and emplaced process, we develop the case for the concept of lament through detailing the feeling, narrating, sharing and placing of loss. We argue that examining lament in this way reveals new insights into lived experiences and expressions related to facing the damage and destruction of nonhuman life and landscapes.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-02-10T06:26:18Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231153329
       
  • Entangled, unraveled, and reconfigured: Human–animal relations among
           ethnic minority farmers and water buffalo in the northern uplands of
           Vietnam

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      Authors: Peter Garber, Sarah Turner
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      In the rural rice fields of upland northern Vietnam, Hmong and Yao ethnic minority farmers have been relationally “entangled” with a number of domesticated animal species to secure semi-subsistence livelihoods. Among these different inter-species entanglements, the relationships between farmers and water buffalo are the most profound. However, in recent years, the broader, contextual factors that shape the entanglements between farmers and water buffalo have been changing rapidly, provoked primarily by increasing extreme weather events, government-supported market integration, and rising land constraints. As these environmental, political, and socioeconomic factors have intensified, the complexity and persistence of long-standing entanglements between farmers and water buffalo appear to be diminishing. We offer a new conceptual perspective to the entanglement literature in this regard, suggesting that “unraveling” might best represent these processes. Nonetheless, we present the idea of “resistant” entanglements to indicate how many farmers have halted unraveling processes, while we posit a future of “reconfigured” entanglements, increasingly based on market forces. Drawing from in-depth ethnographic fieldwork with ethnic minority farmers, we analyze the changing characteristics of these farmer–buffalo entanglements, as well as a range of related socioeconomic and cultural consequences.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-02-02T06:21:43Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231151808
       
  • A car showroom for the fish: The visual story of the first-ever artificial
           reef in Italy and the beginning of contemporary environmental discourse
           (Varazze, December 1970)

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      Authors: Giovanni Modaffari
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      In October 1970, the city of Genoa was devastated by a major flood. A few weeks later, hundreds of wrecked cars removed from the city's streets were sunk off the coast of Varazze, in the first-ever Italian project to create an artificial reef. This initiative, which was inspired by similar experiences tried out in the United States and other countries, had been aimed at increasing the fish population and protecting the seabed but was carried out without any thorough preliminary scientific study, and produced other effects not in the initial intentions of the project. Nonetheless, this story should be read as one point in the broadest trajectory in the evolution of environmental discourse. This contribution, based on hitherto unpublished visual documentation, is therefore an investigation into the very specific meaning of the environment in Italy at the beginning of the 70s. The first part of the article provides a reconstruction of the operational details involved in creating the new underwater seascape of Varazze while in the second part, the earlier examples of similar initiatives are described, as well as the reactions of the scientific community. In conclusion, we reflect on the legacy of the initiative, both at the environmental level and as a basic step in the relationship between visual media and contemporary environmental discourse.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-02-02T06:20:29Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231151806
       
  • Conservation violence: Paradoxes of “making live” and “letting
           die” in anti-poaching practices

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      Authors: Marlotte de Jong, Bilal Butt
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Wildlife poaching has been and continues to be of significant concern to environmental sustainability. While descriptions of poaching often include vivid details about the animal victims and the heroics of those fighting to conserve biodiversity, ambiguity still surrounds ‘the poacher.’ Clarifying the identity of a poacher is necessary to expose a societal tendency to enforce stereotypes on others that perpetuate violence and inequality. Without knowing the identity of a poacher, it becomes easy for society to impose unsubstantiated beliefs upon them that legitimize unjust and violent policies. This research examines how (1) the media and (2) conservation actors construct the identity and context of the poacher to understand how and why violent protected area policies like shoot-to-kill have become accepted conservation strategies. Through a systematic analysis of news articles and primary interviews with conservation actors, we demonstrate how poachers are anonymized, dehumanized, and placed in a space of exception to become legitimate and justifiable targets of violence. We conclude by examining a central paradox that emerges from the state's biopolitical use of violent anti-poaching policies: how does a form of authority that is fundamentally justified in its claims to protect life condone the use of deadly force on its own subjects'
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:11:06Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486231151805
       
  • Conjuring carbon: Resource materialities in Timor-Leste

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      Authors: Lisa Palmer, Sue Jackson
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      In this paper, we trace the social and material effects of a carbon verification encounter in Timor-Leste. Foregrounding the relational historicity of these resource materialities, we inquire into the disorientating but potentially generative place-based effects of carbon offsetting. We unpack carbon's elusive and unruly materiality through our participation in a verification event connected to a reforestation and carbon-offsetting program that encourages individuals and organisations from Australia to compensate for their greenhouse gas emissions by purchasing carbon credits from subsistence farmers in Timor-Leste. We interpret this making, or conjuring, of carbon through interactions between technical experts, program managers, staff, and participants over a 4-day audit of the program and, with the benefit of subsequent interviews with farmers, examine how the opacity of the carbon credit's materiality and its measurement leads to community scepticism and demands for greater methodological clarity and oversight. At the same time, we take issue with critics of market-based conservation programs who assert that carbon offsetting leads inevitably to severe adverse impacts for local communities. Activating a generative understanding of the economic logics of ‘commodity indigenisation’ through attention to the ‘cultural biographies’ or life cycle of things, we evidence fluid movements: complex socio-natural relations and moral economies that humanise nature to reveal and potentially reconfigure the otherwise alienating effects of carbon commodities and their socio-natural technical complex.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-01-06T05:48:41Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486221148907
       
  • Divergent environmentalisms, conflicting counter-hegemonies: Lessons from
           the rights of nature movement

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      Authors: Stefan Rzedzian
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      Within current literature on social movements, the existence and interrelations of multiple counter-hegemonies remains heavily undertheorised. Indeed, while the existence of such phenomena is acknowledged, in as much as scholars recognise that hegemony and counter-hegemony exist in plurality and in variegated forms, attention to the interactions between simultaneously existing counter-hegemonies is underexplored. In this article I draw attention to the ways in which multiple counter-hegemonies exist within a single social movement, and how those counter-hegemonies come into conflict with one another. Specifically, I show how one counter-hegemonic struggle comes to reproduce the hegemony against which the other is fighting. I situate this discussion within a case study of the rights of nature movement, operating in variegated forms within Ecuador and the United Nations’ Harmony with Nature Dialogues.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-01-06T05:47:05Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486221148646
       
  • State, scarcity, and survival: A minor history of people and place in the
           Lower Bari Doab, Punjab

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      Authors: Abdul Aijaz
      Abstract: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Ahead of Print.
      The progressive materialization of the modern state and capitalist agrarian production in the interfluvial uplands of Punjab was enabled by colonial ideologies of control over nature as progress. The colonial project of the transformation of the people and place in Punjab was built upon the imperial aesthetics of waste that imagined the local landscape as hideous and pastoral communities as “semi-barbarous.” These imaginaries justified the colonial project of technological control over nature through installation of hydraulic infrastructure and the political control of native communities as investments in cultivation and culture. These statist narratives of progress are built upon an elision of the voices of subaltern communities and their interactions with the modern state. Based on my ethnographic and archival works on pastoral Baloch tribes of the Lower Bari Doab region of Punjab, I argue that a different history emerges if traced from the perspective of the communities located on the margins of this hydrosocial assemblage. This is a minor history that does not privilege state as the protagonist of progress rather traces the stories of survival in the face of eco-scarcity. As the current environmental crisis accentuates the inherent instabilities of the hydrosocial assemblage in the canal colonies, it also reveals limitation of the narratives of control over nature as progress. In a world threatened by the anthropogenic climate crisis, the possibilities of a better future might emerge in curating the stories of survival against the histories of control.
      Citation: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space
      PubDate: 2023-01-03T07:45:37Z
      DOI: 10.1177/25148486221147172
       
 
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