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- Spatio-temporal fusion methods for spectral remote sensing: a
comprehensive technical review and comparative analysis-
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Abstract: Abstract For many years, spectral remote sensing has been essential for research on the Earth’s surface. The data from a single satellite sensor is sometimes insufficient to fulfil the expanding needs of remote sensing applications. Spatial-temporal fusion techniques have become an effective way for merging spectral data from many sources and times, enabling improved data analysis and interpretation. The goal of this review paper is to offer a thorough examination of the historical growth of spatio-temporal fusion techniques for spectral remote sensing. The classification of all currently used fusion approaches, such as Unmixing, Weight-based, Bayesian-based, machine learning-based, and hybrid methods, is covered in detail. Additionally, it evaluates pixel-level, decision-level, and feature-level-based data fusion techniques and compares and contrasts their advantages and disadvantages. The report also discusses spatiotemporal fusion’s difficulties and recommends future advances. For those working in remote sensing research and practice, it offers an invaluable resource. In conclusion, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of spatio-temporal fusion systems for spectral remote sensing, including an analysis of their comparative benefits and drawbacks and a description of their historical development. It aims to stimulate further research and development of spatio-temporal fusion methods for spectral remote sensing. In summary, this review paper presents a comprehensive overview of spatio-temporal fusion methods for spectral remote sensing, including their historical development, categorization of existing techniques and applications, and a comparative analysis of their strengths and limitations. It also discusses the current challenges and future research directions, providing a valuable resource for the remote sensing community.
PubDate: 2023-09-05
- Evaluating agricultural activity dynamics over the Uttar Pradesh state of
India using satellite-based datasets-
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Abstract: Abstract Climate change and anthropogenic activities (changes in rainfall and temperature pattern) activities have significantly affected agricultural activity and crop production. So, studying cropland greenness and crop yield trends is essential to understand their impacts and to ensure food security. The present study attempted to depict the cropland greenness and wheat yield trends in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state, India, during 2001–2019. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) based Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset was used to decipher the cropland greenness trends through the Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Furthermore, the wheat yield dataset from Baghel and Sharma (2022) was used to depict the wheat yield trends using the Thiel-Sen slope test from 2001 to 2019. The study’s results showed that ~ 37.3% (82,041 km2) area of the total agricultural land was with positive cropland greenness (NDVI) trend, and 1.67% (3673 km2) area was under a negative cropland greenness trend. On the other hand, ~ 8463 km2 (at 99% significance level) and 160,557 km2 (90% significance level) area corresponding to the ~ 4% and 73%, respectively, of the total agricultural land has shown positive (increasing) wheat yield trends during 2001–2019. In conclusion, the findings of this study emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring and a comprehensive understanding of cropland greenness and wheat yield trends over different agroclimatic zones. By gaining insights into these trends, policymakers and stakeholders can develop and implement effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on agricultural systems.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Understory floristic diversity and soil seed bank status of planted and
unplanted portions of South Busoga Forest Reserve, Eastern Uganda-
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Abstract: Abstract South Busoga Central Forest Reserve, an isolated reserve in Uganda has been degraded for over forty years. To restore the reserve, the National Forestry Authority established plantations in some parts of the reserve and plans to reserve 40% under native vegetation. Until now, no study exists to inform management of the availability of native species in the degraded area to support natural forest regeneration. The objectives of this study were to: (i) establish if there are seeds of native forest species in the soil seed bank of plantations and unplanted areas (ii) assess the potential of the understory of plantations to serve as ‘seed sources’. A seed bank assay of soils from plantations; Eucalyptus grandis, Maesopsis eminii and Pinus caribaea and unplanted areas was performed. Understory vegetation was sampled in 125 subplots of 5 × 5 m, randomly distributed in the plantations. In the seed bank, we recorded a total of 56 species in plantations and 22 in unplanted. There were more species in soils under E. grandis (12) > M. eminii (10) > P. caribaea (9) > unplanted area (3). Apart from Ficus sp. and Drypetes sp. that are woody, the rest of the species were non-woody. In the understory, we encountered a total of 56 species but only fifteen were native tree species with occurrence of less than five individuals each. These results show that sustained forest degradation depletes soil seed banks of native forest species and that plantations of exotic species can also nurse native species in their understory.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Diversity, structure, and application of self organizing map on plant
species in homegardens-
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Abstract: Abstract The high diversity of plant species in homegardens contributes to the provision of a range of goods and services, as well as considerably benefiting the environment and boosting ecological sustainability. Despite their importance, homegardens in Malaysia have not been systematically studied. This paper explores the diversity of useful plant species in Malaysian homegardens, as well as their vertical structure. The effect of the size of homegardens and socio-economic variables on the diversity of plants species were also investigated by using Self Organizing Map, a type of machine learning method. In total, 207 species of useful plants distributed among 169 genera and 78 families were recorded. At the species level, Musa paradisiaca L. had the highest frequency, while Euphorbiaceae had the highest at the family level. The vertical structure of homegardens was divided into five distinct layers: herbaceous layer, shrub layer, understory layer, canopy layer and emergent layer. Plant diversity is influenced by the size of homegardens and socioeconomic variables. As the size of the homegardens increased, as such increased the diversity of plant species. Lower-income households and worked in agriculture sectors that rely on homegrown food and medicinal plants are increasing the diversity of plant species in homegardens, highlighting the importance of these agroecosystems as a food security approach.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Optimal distance to escape terrain of bharal in presence of livestock in
Greater Himalayan alpine rangelands-
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Abstract: Abstract Escape terrain is an integral component in species ecology for survival and predation avoidance, alongside other factors. For mountain ungulates, escape terrains are steep cliffs serving as refuge in case of predation or other disturbances. Mountain ungulates can exploit their habitat safely within certain distance from these escape terrains. This distance to escape terrain depends on topography, availability/distribution of nutritious forage and nature and extent of interspecific interactions in different montane habitats. Alpine pastures of the Greater Himalaya are shared by mountain ungulates as well as pastoralists who migrate to graze their livestock in summer-monsoon season. In such habitats, nutritious grasses are often distributed in patches, far away from cliffs. In presence of livestock, mountain ungulates have to tradeoff between food acquisition and avoiding predation, competition and disturbance by maintaining an optimal distance between their escape terrain and available forage. In this regard, we estimated optimal distance to escape terrain which bharal (Pseudois nayaur) maintains in alpine areas of Greater Himalaya. Spatial analysis was carried out with observation data and considering slopes above 45 degrees as cliffs, providing appropriate cover in our study area. The results revealed bharal maintained optimal distance till 795.2 m from cliffs during livestock presence. This contrasts with Trans Himalayan habitat where bharal tend to remain closer to cliffs as nutritional forage is more evenly distributed here compared to cis-Himalayas. Such crucial information on topographic factors affecting bharal ecology with respect to livestock can help in strategizing management decision and species monitoring in Greater Himalayan landscapes.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Quantitative evaluation method of species diversity index in beach area of
coastal tourism characteristic town-
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Abstract: Abstract The traditional index evaluation method ignores the analysis of species characteristics in the beach area of coastal tourism characteristic towns, which leads to long time-consuming evaluation and low accuracy of evaluation results. Therefore, this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method of species diversity index in the beach area of coastal tourism characteristic towns. The species in the beach area of coastal tourism characteristic town were selected as the research object. According to the principles of community ecology and plant physiological ecology, the distribution of regional vegetation was investigated in detail. The species succession process and community structure characteristics of coastal tourism characteristic towns were analyzed. The effects of environmental factors on the succession of vegetation communities and the response of dominant herbaceous plants to the stress of main environmental factors were also analyzed, meanwhile, the physiological and ecological characteristics of dominant species and their relationship with environmental factors were monitored and analyzed. In this regard, the quantitative evaluation system of species diversity index in the beach area of coastal tourism characteristic town was established via the analytic hierarchy process. Different index weights were calculated, respectively, thus completing the quantitative evaluation of species diversity index. The results show that the method has low time-consuming and high accuracy.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Regeneration response of Vepris dainellii, an endemic species of Ethiopia
to disturbance in moist forest ecosystem-
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Abstract: Abstract Examining the regeneration response of species is one of the key ecological analyses vital to understanding and predicting the spatial structure of plant populations and designing specific management plans in the face of anthropogenic and climate change factors. Despite the ecological and traditional importance of Vepris dainellii species, little is known about the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on its natural regeneration patterns and recruitment structure. This study investigates the regeneration and recruitment response of Vepris dainellii and its correlation to disturbance particularly clear-cut in Sirso moist evergreen Afromontane forest, Ethiopia. By employing transect sampling technique, fifty sample plots (20 m × 20 m size) were laid in five transect lines for exploring V. dainellii species in Sirso moist evergreen Afromontane forest. In plots, where V. dainellii were found, vegetation data and stumped individuals (timber pieces resulting from the illegal cutting of trees) were recorded. Regeneration was recorded using sub-plots. Vepris dainellii is the first ranked woody species by recorded a higher number of bowdlerized stems. The regeneration of V. dainellii species was higher in disturbed sites compared to undisturbed sites. Besides, the regeneration of the species positively correlates with the intensity of clear-cuts or the number of stump individuals of the species (73.5%). Whereas, the species regeneration and forest canopy cover, altitude, slope and aspect were not correlated. Vepris dainellii is a disturbance resilient species with the presence of mother trees. Though, this study suggested detailed research on the threshold of clear-cut intensity and functional traits in response to disturbance in moist forest ecosystems.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- A non-destructive approach to develop tree-level allometric equations for
-
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Abstract: Abstract Forest tree biomass estimation is a significant issue for the forest management system and to mitigate climate change. Aboveground biomass (AGB) is an indicator of the potential productivity of the ecosystem. However, an accurate estimation method of carbon stock is important for perfect carbon accounting. So, selecting a more appropriate method for biomass assessment is crucial to reaching the goal. Though allometric equations have been used to estimate AGB for both individual species as well as multiple species for regional and pan-tropical scales, species-specific models for a smaller area produce better accuracy. The current initiative has been taken to develop individual tree-level species-specific and generalized local allometric models in a non-destructive manner for the Tripura state of Northeast India, which was the main limitation of carbon stock estimation in the region. Five different forms of log-transformed linearized power equations were tested in the regression models, with AGB as the response variable. The best fit models were chosen based on adjusted R2, F-statistic, Akaike information criterion, Breusch-Pagan test, Variance Inflation Factor, and three assumptions of linearity. A paired t test was conducted between the predicted and observed AGB values. The best fit generalized equation developed in this study was found to be AGB = 1.03 × exp (− 3.95 + 1.09 ln D2 + 0.97 ln H − 0.20 N). Compared with some existing pan-tropical and regional models for their predictive accuracy, this equation expressed the highest R2 value of 0.9089 in an independent testing dataset. When measuring the tree height is difficult due to a closed canopy, the equation AGB = 1.07 × exp (− 2.77 + 2.55 ln D) can be applied to obtain a quick estimation using just the DBH. The equations presented here may be the instrument for estimating carbon stock at the local level.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Understory diversity and floristic differentiation of Kashmir Himalayan
coniferous forests: implications for conservation-
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Abstract: Abstract The temperate Kashmir Himalaya, regardless of its simple representation as a giant temperate forest, exhibits remarkable vegetation dissimilarity being inadequately perceived. We explored the species diversity and taxonomic composition of herbaceous stratum in 147 plots over 36.75 ha of temperate Kashmir Himalayan landscape, describing three heterogeneous forest types, viz., low-level blue pine (BP), mixed-conifer (MC), and subalpine (SA) forests. Regression and constrained ordination (canonical correspondence analysis) analyses are used to quantify the relevance of environmental variables in governing herbaceous species composition and diversity. Landscape-level richness of 245 species ranging from 113 species in BP forest to 173 species in SA forest is documented. Mixed conifer forest manifested maximal species richness and Whittaker-β score among the forest types. With an aggregate of 42 species, Asteraceae attributed the optimum species richness accompanied by Poaceae (19 spp.), Lamiaceae (16 spp.), and so on, besides 22 monotypic families. Fragaria nubicola proclaims the dominant species, while Trifolium pratens, Pimpinella diversifolia and Impatiens brachycentra represent the most significant indicator species in BP, MC and SA forests. The consequence of elevation gradient on species richness across the landscape proclaims a significant unimodal paradigm (p = 0.005) ascribed to environmental stress at both elevational extremes. Latitude and precipitation proved as influencing ecological gradients underpinning the distribution of species composition in BP forest. However, in MC and SA forests, geographic location and precipitation and elevation and precipitation are highly associated with CCA-1 axis. To optimize biodiversity protection, conservation efforts must take forest scale variations in flora into consideration.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Indian rock outcrops: review of flowering plant diversity, adaptations,
floristic composition and endemism-
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Abstract: Abstract Rock outcrops are unique habitats in terms of their geological and ecological specializations, soil availability, water seasonality, and environmental extremes. These habitats have attracted the attention of many researchers worldwide in the last few decades. Indian rock outcrops spread throughout the country with more concentration in the Western Ghats region, supporting many endemic and unique habitat specialist species. Despite Indian outcrops having become hotspots for novel species discoveries in recent times, ecological studies on them are still in their infancy. In the present review, we discuss studies, research gaps, and the scope for future investigations on Indian outcrops. We also compare outcrop studies across the world with the Indian systems in order to understand their uniqueness and peculiarities. Literature and observations revealed the presence of 390 taxa on rock outcrops of the Western Ghats with various adaptive traits such as desiccation tolerance, succulence, carnivory, and geophytism, a trend common to most of the tropical outcrops. The dominance of Poaceae endemics, large extents of monocotyledonous mats, and underrepresentation of succulence are unique features of Indian rock outcrops. In the light of various disturbances, faced by Indian outcrops, further studies that would lay a foundation on which conservation strategies can be formulated are a want of time.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Effect of habitat specific wood specific gravity on biomass and carbon
stock of trees in tropical dry deciduous forest of central India-
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Abstract: Abstract Wood specific gravity (WSG) is one of the important variables in biomass and carbon stock estimation through non-destructive method. Present study was conducted in a tropical dry deciduous forest in central India. A non-destructive method was adopted for biomass estimation. Habitat specific WSG of all the species present in the study area was determined using maximum moisture content method. Reported WSG values of the same species were procured from global wood density database. The present paper deals with the comparison of biomass and carbon stock of mature individuals estimated using habitat specific WSG and WSG procured from the database for the same species. Further, comparison was made among biomass and carbon values estimated using habitat specific WSG and without WSG for juvenile individuals. Procured WSG from database for different tree species were found to be higher in most cases than the WSG determined in the habitat. Results envisage that biomass estimates using non habitat specific WSG (database) over-estimate the biomass and carbon stock. Total biomass (including both mature and juvenile individuals) per hectare was 24.2% higher with reported WSG for mature individuals and without WSG for juvenile individuals than using habitat specific WSG for both mature and juvenile individuals. It is calculated that using WSG from data base may result in increased AGB by 1.5 × 108 Mg and 6.6 × 108 Mg at state and national level respectively. We suggest the consideration of habitat specific WSG for biomass and carbon estimation in non-destructive method for both mature and juvenile individuals.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Impact of landscape patterns on herb-layer diversity and seed size of
Schima superba in urban remnant vegetation: A case study in Guangzhou,
Southern China-
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Abstract: Abstract In order to explore which ecological strategies the remnant vegetation is taken to adapt to urbanization, we investigated three kinds of typical remnant vegetation (grassland, plantation, and secondary forest) in 16 sample sites along the urban–rural gradient in the city of Guangzhou. In this study, we examined plant species composition, and plant diversity, and analyzed the seed of the dominant tree species Schima superba (S. superba) in the secondary forest sites. Those indicators are strongly related with ecological strategies. Eighteen landscape pattern characteristics were determined to reveal the extent of landscape fragmentation. Geographic Information System (GIS), linear regression, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were conducted to analyze the influence of landscape pattern characteristics on plant communities. Results showed that (1) Fragmentation of landscape patterns caused by urbanization has a negative impact on the diversity of herb-layer plants, the dominant species of grassland in the city center are mainly weeds, such as Bidens pilosa and Neyraudia reynaudiana. (2) In order to adapt to the pressure of landscape fragmentation, seeds of S. superba have developed into a larger size, with a competitive advantage over smaller ones. (3) Two different ecological strategies of plant communities adapting to urbanization: The pioneer weeds in grasslands, with high reproductive and dispersal ability, have adopted a r-selection strategy and the dominant tree species with higher survival rates, larger individuals, and longer life spans, have adopted a K-selection strategy to resist disturbance, as well as with a larger seed size to increase viability and settlement ability.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Microhabitat associated macrofauna of lotic and lentic systems in the
Agbede wetlands, southern Nigeria-
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Abstract: Abstract Although studies on the macrofauna of lotic and lentic environments are common, investigations on microhabitat associated macrofauna of lotic and lentic systems are limited. Microhabitat associated macrofauna of lotic and lentic ecological systems within Agbede wetlands were investigated for eighteen months. Results revealed that most of the macrofauna were associated with the littoral matrix rich in macrophytes (constituting about 70.75% of macrofauna in the littoral, with 3278 individuals) and about 29.25% in sediment matrix (with 1355 individuals). Higher population of macrofauna was recorded in the lotic systems. Dipterans were the dominant group (39.28%) while the sub-dominant groups were in the order: Ephemeroptera (14.46%) > Decapoda (10.96%) > Odonata (10.02%) > Coleoptera (8.63%) > Amphibians (7.42%). Littoral microhabitats rich in macrophytes and wood logs particularly in the lotic ecosystems were richer in taxa composition and population density when compared to the sediment matrix. Multivariate analyses were used to test for the associations between littoral-macrofauna and sediment-macrofauna across the study stations of the ecosystems. Meanwhile, water temperature, flow velocity and hardness of water were the major environmental variables correlated with littoral fauna. Likewise, infauna species were more correlated with total hydrocarbon content, concentrations of sodium and calcium, including cadmium and zinc. The ecological significance of this study is that the macrofauna of microhabitats within same wetlands catchment do have differential species composition and diversity, depending on the matrix, substrate condition and flow status.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Diet and foraging behavior of the Abyssinian Lovebird (Agapornis taranta
Stanley, 1814) in Tigray National Regional State, Northern Ethiopia-
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Abstract: Abstract Modification of an animals' natural habitat can lead to either a shift in the foraging choice and/or local extinction. Whilst avian species feeding ecology and foraging behavior has been the subject of many studies, a few studies have examined the diet and foraging behavior of African Lovebirds of the genus Agapornis. So, the main objective of this study was to investigate the diet and foraging behavior of the Abyssinian Lovebird (Agapornis taranta) in Degu’a Tembien district of Tigray National Regional State, Ethiopia. Based on 108 field observations conducted during dry season of years 2017–2018, a total of 1010 foraging individuals were recorded. Out of these observations, 32.5% were feeding associations with other birds. Most foraging flocks comprised only lovebirds (67.5% of feeding observation). Feeding associations with 22 other bird species recorded were either terrestrial or arboreal. Abyssinian Lovebirds had a varied diet consisting of fruits, seeds, and leaf/buds. In general, fruits constituted the largest component (39.4% of feeding observations) of their diet, followed by seeds (36.4% of feeding observations). Although feeding associations and foraging varied significantly between the two habitat types, foraging behavior was related to the availability of food items in these habitats. As Abyssinian Lovebirds are adaptable and have a wide-ranging diet, this likely contributes to their persistence and population growth in a variety of agro-ecosystems from Somali-Masai to Afromontane habitats. Thus, increasing the availability of fruit bearing plants could increase the number of Abyssinian Lovebirds.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Impact of cropping systems on pedogenic distribution and transformations
of micronutrients, plant accumulation and microbial community composition
in soils: a review-
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Abstract: Abstract Different types of agricultural cropping systems involving wheat coupled with rice, maize and cotton are adapted by most of the farmers around the world. In order to increase the production of food grains with the adaptation of these cropping systems, intensive cultivation is required which eventually needs more quantity of macro as well as micronutrients. The availability of micronutrients to plants is majorly affected by cropping patterns and their profile distribution and the chemical pools. For instance, rice–wheat (R-W) cropping system depletes the available micronutrients status in soil. Many crops have a deep root system that allows them to fulfill their micronutrients requirement from deeper soil layers. In pedon, the surface layer of soil is richer in micronutrients than sub-surface soils. Thus, the knowledge of all the forms or fractions of micronutrient in soil and conditions that help in converting them to their available forms is essential. Excessive use of macronutrient fertilizers in soil with alkaline pH, results in an upsurge accumulation of micronutrients under R-W system. Consequently, it is essential to understand the relationship between accumulation of micronutrients by plants and different chemical pools of micronutrients and their distribution in the pedon. Also, the incorporation of different crops in various cropping systems has a marked influence on microbial communities in soil which play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, gaseous exchanges, aggregation and soil biochemical processes that ultimately influences crop productivity and soil health. Thus, imaging the extent of micronutrient availability to plants, various fractions of micronutrients and microbial community in soil under different cropping systems is necessary.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Estimation of above and belowground biomass for grass, herb, and fern
species in Peninsula Malaysia-
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Abstract: Abstract There are no models for estimating the above- and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB) of herbaceous and fern species in Southeast Asia, and therefore we developed a set of allometric equations for this purpose that were applicable to Malaysia. Grass species, herbs, and ferns of different sizes were harvested and excavated to measure the AGB and BGB. After being harvested and oven-dried, the biomass of plant parts was weighed to develop allometric equations between plant size parameters (height and diameter) and biomass. When comparing the allometric equations among the three plant groups (grass, herbs, and ferns), no differences were found between grass and fern groups in both AGB and BGB, whereas herbs versus grass and/or ferns significantly differed. This suggests that the accuracy of the estimation may improve if plant species were separated into these groups. The allometric equation, which pooled all groups, also showed significant relation with high correlation coefficient, and thus it was possible to make estimations with a certain degree of accuracy, even without grouping. The ratio of BGB to AGB (RSR) increased with plant size for herbs and ferns, whereas the RSR was constant with plant size for grasses. These relationships indicated that the RSR potentially used to estimate BGB from AGB with size parameter in each group, though there was larger variation compared with allometric equations. We concluded that developed allometric equations and the RSR can be used to estimate the AGB and/or BGB without the destructive sampling of grassland species in the region.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Assessing response of microarthropod populations to four edaphic factors
in a humid subtropical forest in the sub-Himalayan alluvial plains-
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Abstract: Abstract Soil samples were collected monthly from a forest in the sub-Himalayan alluvial plains. The influence of four major edaphic factors on the abundance fluctuation of microarthropod assemblages were investigated. Soil temperature and organic carbon exhibited significant (p < 0.05) negative and positive correlations respectively with the abundance while the soil moisture and pH appeared of less importance. Four edaphic factors collectively can explain from 37.1 to 53.7% abundance fluctuation as the multiple regression analyses indicated. Result of stepwise regression substantiated the observations made in correlation analysis. Relatively high temperature in the region appeared to be the reason for significant negative correlation, fluctuations of organic carbon were parallel to the monthly waves of abundances, sufficient soil moisture and narrow range of variation of pH appeared to account for their relatively inconspicuous impact.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Liana regeneration in the treefall gaps, at the gap edges and in the
forest interior of a subtropical montane moist evergreen broad-leaved
forest in the Ailao Mountains, Southwestern China-
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Abstract: Abstract The regenerative pattern of lianas was studied across an environmental gradient from treefall gaps to gap edges to the forest interior of a subtropical montane primary forest in southwestern China. Specifically, the following questions were addressed: (1) How do the species composition, species richness and abundance of regenerative lianas change across the environmental gradients' (2) What is the regeneration mode of lianas at the community and species levels under different forest habitats' I established sample plots in each of the three forest habitats and counted all liana stems ≤ 50 cm in height or length. I found that the species composition of regenerative lianas varied between treefall gaps, gap edges and the forest interior, with light-demanding species primarily growing in the first two habitats and shade-tolerant species growing in the last habitat. PCA ordination also showed clear clustering of the plots between treefall gaps, gap edges and forest interior. The species’ distribution changed from the leftmost shade-tolerant to the rightmost light-demanding species along the first axis of the PCA ordination. The abundance and species richness of regenerative lianas were significantly higher in the treefall gaps and at the gap edges than in the forest interior. Of the 25 species recorded, fifteen regenerated only from seed, while the others regenerated from rhizomes (five species) or from stolons (five species), as well as from seed. Seed regeneration was common in the three forest habitats, while clonal growth mainly occurred in the forest interior. Result from the two-way ANOVA indicated that species, habitats and their interactions had significant effects on the regeneration pattern of lianas at the community level.
PubDate: 2023-08-27
- Role of LiDAR remote sensing in identifying physiognomic traits of alpine
treeline: a global review-
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Abstract: Abstract Alpine treeline ecotones act as early warning systems for detecting the impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The physiognomic traits of the treeline ecotones, such as tree height, canopy cover, and leaf area, are expected to change in response to ongoing climate warming. These traits contain valuable information about the processes that govern treeline dynamics, and thus, it is important to describe them consistently along ecologically meaningful dimensions. However, conventional approaches to evaluating vegetation structure, such as those that rely on optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging satellites, have significant limitations that limit their utility in mountainous terrain. The use of SAR imagery is constrained by shadowing and geometric distortion caused by steep terrain, while optical imaging systems are insensitive to changes in vegetation vertical structure. In contrast, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, offers an accurate means of estimating the three-dimensional physiognomic traits of vegetation in a mountainous alpine environment. Due to the obvious advantages of LiDAR over conventional multi-spectral imaging and radar imaging sensors, the number of LiDAR-based treeline studies has increased in recent years. In this review, we examined how LiDAR remote sensing is utilized in the alpine treeline research and evaluated the associated challenges and opportunities. Further, this study concludes by discussing the promising future of LiDAR technology, and accordingly, some recommendations are put forward.
PubDate: 2023-08-25
- Publisher Correction: Geospatial technology based morphometric analysis
and watershed prioritization of lower Satluj basin in India for
groundwater recharge potential-
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PubDate: 2023-08-22
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