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- Yield performances of rice varieties (Oryza sativa) under nano-CuO and
nano-ZnO micronutrient fertilizers
Authors: CHAMODI LAKMINI THISERA SANDANAYAKE, SHYAMA RANJANI WEERAKOON, NAVARATNASAMY KARTHIKEYAN, SENEVIRATNE SOMARATNE
Abstract: Abstract. Sandanayake CLT, Weerakoon SR, Karthikeyan N, Somaratne S. 2022. Yield performances of rice varieties (Oryza sativa) under nano-CuO and nano-ZnO micronutrient fertilizers. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 95-103. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple food in the world. There is an extreme need for higher rice yield to meet the ever-increasing demand with the rise in population despite the hampering impact of climatic changes. Nanotechnology plays a potential role in food security and introduces nano fertilizers as an alternative to conventional fertilizers. Therefore, the present research was carried out to determine the effects of nano micronutrient fertilizers; nano-CuO, and nano-ZnO on the yield of selected rice varieties, Bg360, BW364, Kaluheenati, and Kuruluthuda. Sol-gel and thermal decomposition methods synthesized nano-fertilizers used in the study. Nano-ZnO, nano-CuO, and nano-CuO-ZnO composite treatments were applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 30 mg L-1 (T1), 60 mg L-1 (T2), and 120 mg L-1 (T3) and double deionized water served as the control (T0). The synthesized nano-fertilizers were applied during the growth stage [at 48-58 days after sowing (DAS)] and grain filling stage [100-105 DAS], while the plants were provided with appropriate levels of N, P, and K fertilizers, as recommended by Department of Agriculture. A Complete Randomized Block Design was employed with three blocks and five replicates in each block. The Yield parameters were recorded at the harvesting stage. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard error of mean and inferential statistics were performed on the data obtained. ANOVA with interaction terms was performed to assess the significant differences between the treatments. The descriptive analyses show an increase in the yield of the rice varieties under the application of nano-fertilizers. ANOVA suggests a significant effect (p ' 0.05) of nano-CuO and nano-ZnO on the yield of rice varieties used in the study. Both traditional and inbred rice varieties indicated yield response to applied nano-fertilizers.
PubDate: 2022-05-16
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas
National Park, Indonesia
Authors: YUDIYANTO YUDIYANTO, NASRUL HAKIM, ANISATU Z. WAKHIDAH
Abstract: Abstract. Yudiyanto, Hakim N, Wakhidah AZ. 2022. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 84-94. The local communities of the Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park (TNWK), Lampung, Indonesia, utilize forest resources through local community knowledge. However, cultural modernization is the potential to lead to the erosion of people's traditional knowledge. Therefore, this study is essential to be conducted. This study aimed to inventory medicinal plant species and describe local communities' knowledge of the use of medicinal plants. Semi-structured interviews and observations collected ethnobotanical data. The results were presented in a table and diagram and then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that as many as 69 species of medicinal plants belonging to 39 families were used by the local community of the Lampung Tribe around the TNWK area. Zingiberaceae was the family with the highest number of species. Leaves were the plant part that was mostly used by the local community. Boiling was the most widely used mode of preparation. The Lampung Tribe uses plants to treat various diseases grouped into external and internal diseases. The local community frequently experiences external diseases.
PubDate: 2022-05-15
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Prevalence of b-lactamase produced in Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Enterobacter cloacae isolated from gingivitis in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq
Authors: ZAHRAA YOSIF MOTAWEQ
Abstract: Abstract. Motaweq ZY. 2022. Prevalence of '-lactamase produced in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from gingivitis in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 78-83. This study provides phenotypic and genotypic '-lactamase formation data on 26 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from patients suffering from gingivitis checked at Al-Kafeel clinic and private clinic in Al-Najaf Province-Iraq during the period from September 2020 to February 2021. In this study, some of them were detected by traditional phenotypic methods, while others were detected by phenotypic and then genotypically by using monoplex-PCR technique. The results revealed that out of 14 '-lactam resistance K. pneumoniae isolates, 8 isolates (57.1%) gave positive results with the direct capillary tubes method, while 12 '-lactam resistance E. cloacae gave 6 (50%) positive results. This result indicated that the enzymatic resistance was prevalent among isolates. Furthermore, the results showed that most isolates were ESBL producers according to initial and confirmatory methods. Molecular amplification of the '-lactamase enzyme blaSHV gene was detected in 8 (57.1%) and 5 (41.6%) for K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae, respectively. While all 100% of K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolates gave negative results for blaGES gene. This study aimed to investigate the '-lactamase formation and detection of blaSHV and blaGES genes in K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolated from gingivitis diseases.
PubDate: 2022-04-26
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Colorimetric estimation of vancomycin using modified silver nanoparticles
and implementing it on various types of pharmaceutical perpetrations
Authors: MOHAMMED AHMED AL-KARAMI, MOHAUMAN MOHAMMAD AL-RUFAIE
Abstract: Abstract. Al-Karami MA, Al-Rufaie MM. 2022. Colorimetric estimation of vancomycin using modified silver nanoparticles and implementing it on various types of pharmaceutical perpetrations. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 70-77. The current research proposes a simple, quick, and sensitive method for determining the pure state of vancomycin (Van) and several of its medicinal formulations. The antibiotic (Van) is an effective reduction agent for diluting the ore mineral salt from silver nitrate (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a stabilizer in a medium using sodium hydroxide as a base. The highest absorption of the vancomycin oxidation-reduction product occurs at 440 nm. The calibration curve is measured, and the following data is generated, indicating that the Beer-Lambert Law is followed within the concentration range of 2.5-70 parts per million. Sandal's molar absorptivity was 2.0043 x 104 L/mol.cm, and its sensitivity was 0.0723 g/cm2. The correlation coefficient was 0.9987, and the standard deviation rate was 0.402%. The biological influence of several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was researched, and the efficacy of the samples prepared on these bacteria has shown to be promising.
PubDate: 2022-04-25
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Short Communication: Thromboplerous hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom
Rhizopogon roseolus with and without a host tree
Authors: IVAN PERMANA PUTRA, TADANORI AIMI, NORIHIRO SHIMOMURA
Abstract: Abstract. Putra IP, Aimi, T, Shimomura N. 2022. Short Communication: Thromboplerous hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Rhizopogon roseolus with and without a host tree. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 47-52. Thromboplerous hyphae are modified hyphae found in the basidiocarp of many agarics. However, data on their development and function as well as on their formation in pure cultures of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are scarce. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cytological descriptions of thromboplerous hyphae from pure cultures of Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th.M. Fr. with or without the host pine tree Pinus thunbergii Parl. Thromboplerous hyphae formed on the mycelium and mycelial cords in all experimental settings. Results revealed that thromboplerous hyphae were extremely melanized, smooth, cracked on the surface, and swollen at both hyphal termini. Thromboplerous hyphae produced with a host were mainly unbranched in shape in contrast to those formed without a host that possessed additional twisted, semi-twisted, and branched forms. Some thromboplerous hyphae that grew without a host had large diameters, and few showed notable septa and clamp connections. The present study also provides evidence of the initial development of thromboplerous hyphae via vegetative hyphae and tubular hyphae. This study contributes to understanding the cytology of thromboplerous hyphae grown with and without a host tree. Further investigations on the specific functions of thromboplerous hyphae are needed to deepen the current knowledge of fungal cytology.
PubDate: 2022-03-25
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root colonization in
Polygonatum verticillatum
Authors: AJAY KUMAR, ASHWANI TAPWAL
Abstract: Abstract. Kumar A, Tapwal A. 2022. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root colonization in Polygonatum verticillatum. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 53-63. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. was investigated in two sites of Himachal Himalaya, India. A total of 15 AMF species were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of P. verticillatum. The spore density was 1.48 ± 1.91 and 3.99 ± 3.78 per 20 gram of rhizosphere soil at site-I and site-II, respectively. Mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of P. verticillatum was recorded 46.12 and 52.23 percent at site-I and site-II, respectively. The mycorrhizal structures like darkly stained endophytic hyphae, coiled intracellular hyphae, Y-shaped hyphae and ‘H’ connection (Arum type) were recorded.
PubDate: 2022-03-25
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- In vitro thrombolytic activity of Moringa oleifera
Authors: BHAVIKA KUNWAR, VARTIKA JAIN, S. K. VERMA
Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is a medium sized perennial tree, commonly known as drumstick tree, horse raddish tree, miracle tree, sahjan, shobhanjana, munga arak, etc., in different languages. Leaves, flowers and pods of the plant are edible. Various parts of the plant are utilized for treatment of several diseases by ethnic communities, including heart ailments. Leaves and flowers of M. oleifera were assessed for preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro thrombolytic potential. Preliminary phytochemical screening has shown presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, amino acids and carbohydrates in leaves and flowers of M. oleifera. Two types of methanolic extracts of both leaves (MEL-I and MEL-II) and flowers (MEF-I and MEF-II) were used for assessment of percent clot lysis. A significant in vitro clot lysis activity of MEL-I (36.64±1.55%), MEL-II (41.40±2.02%) and MEF-I (19.07±2.36%) and MEF-II (20.52±1.51%) was demonstrated in a concentration of one mg/ml as compared to negative control distilled water and positive control streptokinase for the first time. The edible plant's observed thrombolytic potential may be employed to prevent athero-thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Further investigations are required to isolate the bioactive molecule responsible for the thrombolytic action.
PubDate: 2022-03-25
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Antioxidant potency of n-butanol fraction of Ficus glumosa leaves against
oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in the kidneys of rats
Authors: MICHAEL SUNDAY ABU ABU, OJOCHENEMI EJEH YAKUBU, JOB ITANYI ONUCHE, SILAS VERWIYEH TATAH
Abstract: Abstract. Abu MS, Yakubu OE, Onuche JI, Tatah SV. 2022. Antioxidant potency of n-butanol fraction on Ficus glumosa leaves against oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in the kidneys of rats. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 40-46. The kidneys play several essential roles in the body, including regulating the water and ions reabsorb from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules. It is controlled by several hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and angiotensin II. This report presented the repairing effect of n- butanol fraction of Ficus glumosa Delile on nephrotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. Rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each. Group 1 and 2 were used as normal and vehicle controls, respectively. Group 3 was induced but treated with neither extract nor standard drug. However, Groups 3, 4, and 5 were induced by CCl4 and administered with varying doses of the n-butanol fraction. Group 6 was induced by CCl4 and treated with a standard antioxidant drug. The results showed that treatments with an n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa leaves and silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restore the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT comparable to normal values, i.e., 2.10±0.07 U/L, 43.8±2.49 U/L, and 34.2±2.59 U/L, respectively. In addition, the treatments reduce the MDA level in the kidney of rats treated with n-butanol fraction comparable to 0.34±0.05 mmol/L in the normal rats. Similarly, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction of urea from 5.24 mg/dL to 3.5 mg/dL (standard value) in the treated groups. Creatinine significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 71.2 mg/dL in the treated groups to 43.3 mg/dL in the normal group. Electrolytes, Na+, K+, and Cl- levels in the CCl4-induced rats after administration of n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased to 137.8±2.59 mmol/L, 3.98±0.54 mmol/L, and 92.8±1.92 mmol/L respectively. The significant reversal of the rats' biochemical parameters can be ascribed to the ameliorative potency of the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract of F. glumosa leaves on the glomerular and tubular cells, which may have improved renal function in the injured kidney.
PubDate: 2022-03-14
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities of
Damot Woyde District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: MOA MEGERSA, SAMUEL WOLDETSADIK
Abstract: Abstract. Megersa M, Woldetsadik S. 2022. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities of Damot Woyde District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 10-24. Humans have used traditional medicines mainly of plant origins to treat diseases. Early humans faced a tremendous challenge when searching for natural products used as medicines. This study reports on an ethnobotanical study that focused on the traditional medicinal plants used by local communities to treat human and livestock diseases. An ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants was conducted from February 2020 to October 2020. This involved semi-structured interviews, field observations, market surveys and group discussions with informants to document information on the use and management of medicinal plants by the people of Damot Woyde District. Fifty-seven medicinal plant species belonging to 31 families were collected, which are used by the study area inhabitants to treat various diseases in humans and livestock. The leading family was Asteraceae which was represented by 7 species (12.3%), followed by Rutaceae (6 species, 10.5%) and Solanaceae (5 species, 9%). Of the 57 medicinal plants collected, 36 (63.2%) were used to treat human ailments only, while 6 (10.5%) plant species were used to treat livestock ailments only and 15 (26.31%) were used to treat both human and livestock ailments. Herbs constituted the largest number of 22 species (38.6%), followed by shrubs 18 species (31.6%), trees 15 species (26.3%) and climbers 2 species (3.51%). Leaves (31.3%) were the most commonly used plant parts of preparing traditional remedies in the study area. Oral administration was the predominant mode of administration accounting for 71%. Preference ranking analysis revealed that Allium sativum L. was the most preferred plant species for treating the common cold. When the direct matrix ranking was analyzed, Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex. Del. was the most commonly used medicinal plant for various purposes. Our finding revealed that plant species' use plays a vital role in treating human and animal diseases in Damot Woyde District. Phytochemical and pharmacological tests are recommended mainly on frequently used medicinal plants.
PubDate: 2022-02-15
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Synthesis of novel polymer quaternary ammonium salt derived from glucose
as a phase transfer catalyst
Authors: IHSAN ALRUBAIE, AHMED THAMER SALIM, MOHAUMAN MOHAMMAD MAJEED, ALI JABBAR RADHI
Abstract: Abstract. Alrubaie I, Salim AT, Majeed MM, Radhi AJ. 2022. Synthesis of novel polymer quaternary ammonium salt derived from glucose as a phase transfer catalyst. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 25-33. Some new polymer containing quaternary ammonium salts based-carbohydrate starting from methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-glucopyranoside have been prepared. The ammonium groups are connected to the glucose structure in various positions (2 and 3). Our synthesis used methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-glucopyranoside through nucleophilic reagents to produce the main intermediates. The monomer glucose- quaternary ammonium salts are immobilized on the polyvinyl azide to give the final structure of the Polymer-Supported quaternary ammonium salts. In certain new kinds of phase transfer catalysts, the effectiveness of the polymer glucose-quaternary ammonium salts was tested in the Williamson etherification. The ether synthesis is a typical example of using a phase transfer catalyst. The reactions were performed in a liquid-liquid two-phase system, applying a mixture of toluene and 50% solution of aqueous sodium hydroxide in the presence of a 20 mg/mmol catalyst (compound 9). Compared to other derivatives, the reaction of 4-nitrophenol with dibromoethylene gives the highest yields. On the other hand, compound 9 with the C16 chain gives high activity in the phase transfer catalyst.
PubDate: 2022-02-15
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting
from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation
Authors: NILAHAYATI NILAHAYATI, NAZIMAH NAZIMAH, RD. SELVY HANDAYANI, JAKA SYAHPUTRA, MUHAMMAD RIZKY
Abstract: Abstract. Nilahayati, Nazimah, Handayani RDS, Syahputra J, Rizky M. 2022. Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 34-39. Soybean is one of the foremost commodities for Indonesian people. Therefore, increasing domestic production absolutely must continue to be pursued. One way that can be done is to use the assembly technology of new superior varieties with better and adaptive properties. This study aims to determine the agronomic diversity and yield of soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma irradiation in M6 ''generation. The research was conducted in Paloh Lada Village, Dewantara District, Aceh Utara Regency, Indonesia, from July 2021 to October 2021. The tested genotypes consisted of 8 genotypes, namely Kipas Putih variety (parent variety), Anjasmoro variety (comparison variety), M.1.1.3, M.5.2.1, M.5.2.3, M.1.1.8, M.1.1.9 and M.1.1.17 mutant lines. The results showed that the agronomic diversity of the tested mutants was different compared with the parents and comparison variety. We obtained early maturity and high yielding mutant in M7 ''generation. The mutant lines with high yield and equivalent to its parents was M.1.1.8 with a production of 4.37 tha-1. Mutant lines with early maturity were M.1.1.9, M.5.2.1 and M.1.1.3 lines with a harvesting age of 83 days after planting (DAP).
PubDate: 2022-02-15
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
- Trichoderma inoculants and straw compost improved resilience and yield in
Cu-contaminated rice paddies
Authors: Virginia Cuevas, Charina Gracia Banaay
Abstract: Abstract. Cuevas VC, Banaay CGB. 2022. Trichoderma inoculants and straw compost improved resilience and yield in Cu-contaminated rice paddies. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 1-9. Rice paddies in Marinduque, Philippines, are copper-contaminated from tailings of two mining companies formerly operating in the province. At present, paddy-soil copper concentration ranges from 22-386 mg kg-1. Crops suffer from copper toxicity and water stress due to climate-related events. The field study was conducted to investigate the ability of in situ composted rice straw and Trichoderma microbial inoculant (TMI) to mitigate rice productivity constraints. In treated set-ups, rice straw was scattered on the paddy after harvest. Triple 14 mineral fertilizer was mixed with Trichoderma compost activator, broadcasted over the straws, and subsequently incorporated into the soil during land preparation. Rice seeds were TMI-coated before sowing. Rice straw composting was not done in control set-ups, and seeds were uncoated. Mineral fertilizers were applied to both set-ups. Furthermore, set-ups were categorized based on soil Cu content, such as normal, moderate, and high. Four replicates were made per season and category. In treated paddies, rice leaves did not show yellowing, indicating adequate N mineralization and plant uptake. The difference in yield was significantly higher (81%) in treated paddies compared to control. During severe drought conditions, the mean yield in treated paddies was 1.8 t ha-1, while that of control paddies was zero. The yield was significantly correlated with K inputs mainly by compost in treated paddies. The application of rice straw compost and Trichoderma inoculants can be an adaptive strategy for climate change resilience and mitigation of copper toxicity in crops.
PubDate: 2022-01-07
Issue No: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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