 Subjects -> CONSERVATION (Total: 128 journals)
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- Estimating roadkill rates while accounting for carcass detection and
persistence using open-population capture–recapture models-
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Authors: Talita Menger, Andreas Kindel, Ismael Verrastro Brack
Abstract: Talita Menger, Andreas Kindel, Ismael Verrastro Brack
An accurate wildlife roadkill rate is essential to effectively plan and monitor roadkill mitigation. We applied an open-population model (widely used to estimate living animal population dynamics) to a roadkill estimation context that allowed us to account for observation error. The approach can be used to guide roadkill mitigation efforts by understanding variation among sampling designs, species, and spatiotemporal variation in roadkill rates. Photograph by Talita Menger.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-10-30
DOI: 10.1071/WR22132
- Developing Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assays for rapid,
presumptive DNA detection of an invasive reptile (Boa constrictor)-
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Authors: Nathan Deliveyne, Jeremy J. Austin, Phillip Cassey
Abstract: Nathan Deliveyne, Jeremy J. Austin, Phillip Cassey
Four-part diagram illustrating the process of invasive species prevention; Transport, Sample, Detection and Outcome.Boa constrictor is a key vertebrate biosecurity risk species in Australia. This study aimed to develop rapid presumptive trace DNA detection methods for the detection of B. constrictor in biosecurity and compliance contexts. We successfully designed and tested a colourimetric and fluorescence-based test with appropriate sensitivity and specificity, advancing preparedness and surveillance. Image created in Canva.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-10-26
DOI: 10.1071/WR23053
- Effects of sardines as an attractant on carnivore detection and temporal
activity patterns at remote camera traps-
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Authors: Anna C. Siegfried, Stephen N. Harris, Colleen Olfenbuttel, David S. Jachowski
Abstract: Anna C. Siegfried, Stephen N. Harris, Colleen Olfenbuttel, David S. Jachowski
Camera trap night-time image of an eastern spotted skunk on hind legs reaching for attractant on tree trunk.Attractants are widely used to draw carnivores to remote camera traps, but questions remain about how this practice can affect animal behaviour. Our study aimed to assess the effects of a sardine attractant on detection and diel activity patterns of a diverse carnivore suite in the Appalachian Mountains, showing that changes in detection and temporal activity patterns were species-specific. Therefore, using attractants at camera traps can be a useful method in increasing detections for certain carnivore species without altering these species’ natural behaviours. Photograph by Clemson University/North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-10-17
DOI: 10.1071/WR22196
- Estimating the effectiveness of using wildlife cameras versus
visual-encounter surveys to detect herpetofauna-
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Authors: Ally K. Brown, Devyn A. Hannon, John C. Maerz
Abstract: Ally K. Brown, Devyn A. Hannon, John C. Maerz
Red cornsnake passing through the fully assembled housing of a passive infrared wildlife-detection camera system.Wildlife cameras have been proposed as a method to efficiently monitor herpetofauna; however, estimates of detection rates and factors affecting detection by cameras are generally lacking and therefore limiting their application. We estimated the effects of body size and surface-temperature differential on the detection of snakes and frogs by passive infrared (PIR) wildlife cameras, then compared cameras with traditional survey techniques. We demonstrated PIR wildlife cameras to be highly effective for monitoring large, diurnal herpetofauna, but ineffective at detecting small and nocturnal species unless time-lapse is employed. Photograph by Ally Brown.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-10-17
DOI: 10.1071/WR23037
- Chlamydia in wild Australian rodents: a cross-sectional study to inform
disease risks for a conservation translocation-
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Authors: Fiona Knox, Martina Jelocnik, Nahiid Stephens, Colleen Sims, Bethany Jackson, Saul Cowen, Kelly Rayner, Sean Garretson, Lian Yeap, Kristin Warren, Rebecca Vaughan-Higgins
Abstract: Fiona Knox, Martina Jelocnik, Nahiid Stephens, Colleen Sims, Bethany Jackson, Saul Cowen, Kelly Rayner, Sean Garretson, Lian Yeap, Kristin Warren, Rebecca Vaughan-Higgins
Sample collection for Chlamydia testing from wild-caught marsupial species in Western Australia.Disease risk is an important consideration for wildlife translocations. This study aimed to reduce uncertainty surrounding the risk posed by Chlamydia for a translocation of native Australian rodents, and showed despite widespread detection of Chlamydia, the risks were likely low. Our results highlight knowledge gaps surrounding Australian rodent health and opportunities to address these to inform future conservation planning. Photographs by Fiona Knox.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-10-09
DOI: 10.1071/WR23060
- What can wildlife-detection dogs offer for managing small mammalian
predators'-
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Authors: Alistair S. Glen, Patrick M. Garvey, John Innes, Finlay Buchanan
Abstract: Alistair S. Glen, Patrick M. Garvey, John Innes, Finlay Buchanan
A photograph of wildlife-detection dogs on an island reserve in New Zealand.Wildlife-detection dogs are a fast, efficient tool for detecting animals, animal sign, and wildlife diseases, but their potential is under-utilised. We explore how management outcomes can be improved by combining dogs’ ability to detect targets with handlers’ ability to mount a rapid response. Applications range from conserving endangered species to eradication of invasive species. Photograph by A. S. Glen.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-26
DOI: 10.1071/WR23068
- Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of introduced sambar deer
(Cervus unicolor) in an alpine landscape-
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Authors: Matthew J. Quin, John W. Morgan, Nicholas P. Murphy
Abstract: Matthew J. Quin, John W. Morgan, Nicholas P. Murphy
A picturesque summer view from the Bogong High Plains, a high-elevation area of south-eastern Australia that contains species and ecological communities of national significance.The introduction of non-native herbivores into new environments can threaten the long-term survival of plant species and communities. We assessed the diet of sambar deer in alpine communities of Australia and observed significant variation in diet over a 3-month period. We emphasise the importance of monitoring vegetation community changes in the presence of novel wildlife to protect at-risk plant species. Photograph by Matthew Quin.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-26
DOI: 10.1071/WR23017
- Conservation of black bear (Ursus americanus) in Mexico through GPS
tracking: crossing and roadkill sites-
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Authors: Zuleyma Zarco-González, Rogelio Carrera-Treviño, Octavio Monroy-Vilchis
Abstract: Zuleyma Zarco-González, Rogelio Carrera-Treviño, Octavio Monroy-Vilchis
Three-lane road with traffic and drainage tunnel entrances on either side, with a black bear at each.Wildlife roadkill can lead some species to suffer local extinctions throughout their distribution. The objectives of this study were to identify and describe black bear crossing and roadkill sites in Mexico in order to propose sites and short-term mitigation strategies to increase bear conservation and driver safety. Image by Karla Estephanía Zarco González.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-25
DOI: 10.1071/WR22121
- Anti-predator strategies of blue sheep (naur) under varied predator
compositions: a comparison of snow leopard-inhabited valleys with and
without wolves in Nepal-
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Authors: Kamal Thapa, Santosh Rayamajhi
Abstract: Kamal Thapa, Santosh Rayamajhi
Close-up image of a majestic naur (blue sheep) looking directly at camera, on a dry, rocky slope in Nepal.We assessed the foraging behaviour of blue sheep (naur) under the predation risk of several predators (snow leopards and wolves) versus a single predator (the snow leopard only) in rugged mountain terrain. This study provided valuable information but presented major challenges. We examine empirical evidence-based information and highlight the adaptive behaviour of naur under the predation risk of several predators versus that of a single predator in Nepal. Photograph by Kamal Thapa.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.1071/WR23012
- Comparisons of morphometrics and body condition between two breeding
populations of Australian humpback whales-
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Authors: Grace Russell, Fredrik Christiansen, Andrew Colefax, Kate R. Sprogis, Daniele Cagnazzi
Abstract: Grace Russell, Fredrik Christiansen, Andrew Colefax, Kate R. Sprogis, Daniele Cagnazzi
A picture showing two Australian humpback whales surfacing side-by-side.The east and west coasts of Australia form the breeding grounds for two of the world’s largest and fastest-growing populations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). This study aimed to quantify and compare the morphometrics and body condition of the two populations. Although we found no morphometric differences between the populations, our results indicated that sexually mature reproductive classes on the west coast were in significantly poorer body condition than were their east coast counterparts. Our study highlighted the need to assess populations individually to develop appropriate conservation monitoring and management. Photograph by Grace Russell.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.1071/WR23026
- Novel acoustic lure methodology facilitates detection of the cryptic ghost
bat at a landscape scale-
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Authors: Laura Ruykys, Nicola Hanrahan, Danielle Stokeld
Abstract: Laura Ruykys, Nicola Hanrahan, Danielle Stokeld
Black and white image (taken from video footage) of a ghost bat in flight at night time, approximately 1–2 m above ground, with a reference tree in the background and a fence dropper with reflective tape below.There is currently no standardised survey methodology for the detection of the threatened ghost bat at a landscape scale. In this study, we trialled call playback using the ghost bat’s social vocalisations at pre-determined distances from known roosts and then applied the method across a survey area of 65 010 ha. Our results identified that call playback is a reliable method of surveying for this cryptic species away from the roost in landscape-scale assessments. Still photograph from video camera footage.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.1071/WR22189
- Water scarcity exacerbates feral ungulate use of ephemeral savanna
waterholes in northern Australia-
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Authors: Helenna Mihailou, Dale G. Nimmo, Melanie Massaro
Abstract: Helenna Mihailou, Dale G. Nimmo, Melanie Massaro
An adult Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) walking through mud on the edge of a savanna waterhole.Feral ungulate species have high water requirements, yet research about their use of savanna waterholes in northern Australia is lacking. This study demonstrates that feral ungulate species have varied responses to water scarcity, so culling by conservation land managers may be optimised by targeting species under different conditions. Our findings indicate climate change will exacerbate ungulate impacts in water-limited ecosystems. Photograph by Helenna Mihailou.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.1071/WR22195
- Evaluating aerial net gunning and chemical immobilisation for capture of
invasive sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in
alpine Australia-
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Authors: Eliane D. McCarthy, Jordan O. Hampton, Rob Hunt, Stuart Williams, Grant Eccles, Thomas M. Newsome
Abstract: Eliane D. McCarthy, Jordan O. Hampton, Rob Hunt, Stuart Williams, Grant Eccles, Thomas M. Newsome
Sambar deer being held on a grassy surface, wearing a blindfold and cut-up pool noodle sections on its antlers for safety. A rectangular foam sheet is positioned vertically over its neck.Deer are expanding in distribution and abundance in Australia, and effective deer capture methods are needed for telemetry studies of these invasive species. We assessed the use of aerial net gunning and chemical immobilisation administered via hand injection to capture and fit GPS collars to sambar deer and red deer in alpine Australia. Limited mortalities were recorded during capture, and no mortalities were recorded for 45 days post-capture. This study describes an effective method for the safe capture of sambar deer and red deer, which will assist future wildlife researchers to further refine helicopter-based capture protocols and to collect information on the spatial ecology of these species. Photograph by Rob Hunt.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.1071/WR23028
- Modelling the management of an invasive species at landscape scale: are
oral contraceptives the missing ingredient for success'-
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Authors: S. Croft, G. Massei
Abstract: S. Croft, G. Massei
Photograph of an Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)Invasive non-native species are on the rise worldwide, exacerbating wildlife’s already significant environmental and economic impacts. On the basis of the eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in the UK, we have demonstrated that there is an important balance between the efficacy of different population management approaches and the willingness of landowners to apply them. Recommendations on management strategies must understand and account for this human dimension. Photograph: Plight of the Red Squirrel – APHA Science Blog (©APHA).
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-12
DOI: 10.1071/WR22194
- Evaluating predator control using two non-invasive population metrics: a
camera trap activity index and density estimation from scat genotyping-
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Authors: Jessica L. Keem, Bronwyn A. Hradsky, Joe Benshemesh, Mark Le Pla, Abigail Watkins, Andrew R. Weeks, Anthony van Rooyen, John Black, Darren Southwell
Abstract: Jessica L. Keem, Bronwyn A. Hradsky, Joe Benshemesh, Mark Le Pla, Abigail Watkins, Andrew R. Weeks, Anthony van Rooyen, John Black, Darren Southwell
Large fox (side-on view looking at camera) in sandy terrain with scrub in background.Invasive mammalian predators are a global threat to biodiversity, yet evaluating and monitoring management outcomes remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lethal poison baiting on two red fox populations in semi-arid Victoria using activity and density metrics. We found little evidence that baiting reduced fox activity or density, and fox survival was high. We provide the first fox density estimates for the region and suggest that multiple lines of evidence be used to confirm the rigour of index-based metrics. Photograph by Victorian Malleefowl Recovery Group.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-09-12
DOI: 10.1071/WR23033
- Movement and ranging behaviour of long-nosed potoroos (Potorous
tridactylus) in south-west Victoria, Australia-
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Authors: Mark Le Pla, Bronwyn A. Hradsky, Julian Di Stefano, Tamika C. Farley-Lehmer, Emma K. Birnbaum, Jack H. Pascoe
Abstract: Mark Le Pla, Bronwyn A. Hradsky, Julian Di Stefano, Tamika C. Farley-Lehmer, Emma K. Birnbaum, Jack H. Pascoe
Black and white photo of a long-nosed potoroo crouched next to a wooden stake.A comprehensive understanding of movements and space use can underpin the effective management of threatened species, yet this understanding is lacking for many at-risk species. This study aims to describe the movement and ranging behaviour of a nationally threatened, ground-dwelling native Australian mammal, the long-nosed potoroo, using GPS dataloggers for the first time. We found home ranges were larger than expected and make recommendations for how this information may be incorporated into the management of potoroos, particularly in relation to a key threatening process facing this species – inappropriate fire regimes. Photograph by Mark Le Pla.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-08-29
DOI: 10.1071/WR23013
- Effects of multiple aspects of anthropogenic landscape change on
mesopredator relative abundance-
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Authors: Robert L. Emmet, Kirk W. Stodola, Thomas J. Benson, Maximilian L. Allen
Abstract: Robert L. Emmet, Kirk W. Stodola, Thomas J. Benson, Maximilian L. Allen
Close-up photo of striped skunk foraging in grass.Anthropogenic landscape change poses a threat to biodiversity, and many forms of landscape change can affect wildlife. This study assessed the relationship between landscape change and counts of three mesopredator species, and found that these species were affected by agriculture, forests, and non-native shrubs. We demonstrate the need to consider multiple aspects of landscape change at multiple scales when assessing effects on wildlife. Photograph by Max Allen.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-08-29
DOI: 10.1071/WR22080
- Managing conflict between nesting common terns and herring gulls
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Authors: Jeffery D. Sullivan, Amy W. O’Donnell, Lauren M. Lescure, Andrew J. Rapp, Carl R. Callahan, Peter C. McGowan, Tim Carney, Diann J. Prosser
Abstract: Jeffery D. Sullivan, Amy W. O’Donnell, Lauren M. Lescure, Andrew J. Rapp, Carl R. Callahan, Peter C. McGowan, Tim Carney, Diann J. Prosser
 Gulls are frequent predators of tern chicks and eggs, causing managers to look for ways to reduce the impact of gulls on tern reproductive success. This study assessed two common management approaches (shooting/trapping and overhead lines followed by targeted trapping) to assess their efficacy at not only stopping gull nesting within the tern colony, but also preventing gulls from entering the colony area. Our data suggest that overhead lines may present an alternative to lethal control, but numerous factors should be considered when selecting a management approach. Photograph by Peter McGowan.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-08-14
DOI: 10.1071/WR23021
- Adaptive protocols identify sources of post-capture mortality in
radio-marked wild turkeys-
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Authors: Matthew Gonnerman, Stephanie A. Shea, Kelsey Sullivan, Pauline Kamath, Erik Blomberg
Abstract: Matthew Gonnerman, Stephanie A. Shea, Kelsey Sullivan, Pauline Kamath, Erik Blomberg
 Although necessary for research, animal capture may lead to mortality, which is often only assessed after data collection. We identified potential causes of post-capture mortality in wild turkeys and adjusted our protocols to lower mortality risk. We recommend that when possible, investigators assess protocols throughout their study and adapt accordingly to limit negative repercussions of capture and handling. Photograph by Erik Blomberg.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-08-03
DOI: 10.1071/WR22168
- Diet and impacts of non-native fallow deer (Dama dama) on pastoral
properties during severe drought-
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Authors: Naomi E. Davis, David M. Forsyth, Andrew J. Bengsen
Abstract: Naomi E. Davis, David M. Forsyth, Andrew J. Bengsen
 We evaluated the extent to which a high-density non-native fallow deer population (37 deer per km2) competed with livestock for food during a severe drought in eastern Australia. Fallow deer reduced stocking densities in natural pasture by 50.2%. It is likely that browsing, including on Eucalyptus, helped fallow deer to persist at high densities during the severe drought of 2018. Photograph by D. M. Forsyth.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-07-31
DOI: 10.1071/WR22106
- Decline in semi-arid reptile occurrence following habitat loss and
fragmentation-
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Authors: R. E. L. Simpson, D. G. Nimmo, L. J. Wright, S. Wassens, D. R. Michael
Abstract: R. E. L. Simpson, D. G. Nimmo, L. J. Wright, S. Wassens, D. R. Michael
 Habitat loss and fragmentation are leading causes of biodiversity decline, yet the influence on Australian semi-arid reptiles is poorly known. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing the distribution and occurrence of habitat specialist and generalist reptile species in an agricultural landscape subject to habitat loss and fragmentation. Specialists were most sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation and were less likely to persist in small patches of remnant vegetation within the agricultural matrix. Retaining representative parcels of land within agricultural landscapes and setting aside in-perpetuity conservation reserves on private property are required to protect reptile communities in semi-arid, production environments. Photograph by Lucy Wright.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-07-24
DOI: 10.1071/WR23034
- Immunocontraception of the female African savanna elephant (Loxodonta
africana) in South Africa: from pipe dream to policy-
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Authors: A. K. Delsink, J. J. van Altena, M. L. Schulman, H. J. Bertschinger
Abstract: A. K. Delsink, J. J. van Altena, M. L. Schulman, H. J. Bertschinger
 Lethal control has largely been synonymous with South African elephant management. As an alternative, porcine zona pellucida immunocontraception was introduced as a novel, non-lethal elephant population control method and is currently adopted in 43 South African reserves. Current policy recommends culling as the last resort. New legislation that considers wellbeing and welfare has been promulgated. Elephant management philosophy has evolved, and all population management options, including immunocontraception, must be fully considered in South Africa’s largest national park, the Kruger. Photograph by Audrey Delsink.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-07-21
DOI: 10.1071/WR22165
- Origins and population genetics of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor)
introduced to Australia and New Zealand-
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Authors: Lee A. Rollins, Daniel Lees, Andrew P. Woolnough, Andrea J. West, Michael Perry, David M. Forsyth
Abstract: Lee A. Rollins, Daniel Lees, Andrew P. Woolnough, Andrea J. West, Michael Perry, David M. Forsyth
 We investigated within-population genetic diversity and connectivity, and origins of introduced Australian and New Zealand sambar deer. Mitochondrial data indicated that these introduced deer are more similar to those from an identified native-range western clade (South/Central Highlands of India, Sri Lanka), rather than an eastern clade (eastern India, Southeast Asia). Genetic diversity was lower in the introduced range than reported in the native range. There was no evidence of population structure within introduced populations, although each was genetically distinct.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-07-20
DOI: 10.1071/WR22120
- Habitat, connectivity, and roadkill of Korea’s apex predator,
the yellow-throated marten-
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Authors: Wanmo Kang, Taeyoung Choi, GoWoon Kim, Donggul Woo
Abstract: Wanmo Kang, Taeyoung Choi, GoWoon Kim, Donggul Woo
 Human impacts continue to threaten yellow-throated martens. Here, we identify the potential distribution of marten habitats and linkages with roadkill risks. This paper provides a useful and cost-effective approach for habitat and connectivity conservation to maintain the ecological processes of threatened species. Photograph by Donggul Woo.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-07-18
DOI: 10.1071/WR21185
- Implementing implants: delivery efficiency, contraceptive efficacy and
population outcomes in two overabundant kangaroo populations-
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Authors: Graeme Coulson, Michelle E. Wilson
Abstract: Graeme Coulson, Michelle E. Wilson
 Culling overbundant native wildlife is unpopular, so managers often turn to fertility control as a more appealing alternative. We assessed contraceptive implants in kangaroos and found that they effectively stopped breeding, but it was challenging to implant enough kangaroos so that abundance was reduced. Understanding these practical constraints on fertility control will assist future management programs. Photograph by Graeme Coulson.
Citation: Wildlife Research
PubDate: 2023-07-18
DOI: 10.1071/WR22170
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