 Subjects -> CONSERVATION (Total: 128 journals)
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- Predation on endangered mussels by invasive raccoons: a case study from
western Poland
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 183-194
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.136779
Authors : Agnieszka Ważna, Bartłomiej Gołdyn, Mateusz Ciepliński, Jacek Bojarski, Jan Cichocki : The raccoon Procyon lotor is an invasive alien carnivorous mammal whose impact on populations of native species in Europe is poorly understood. Raccoon populations are rising both in range and density, which increases predation pressure. The raccoon is a food opportunist and its impact on local animal populations depends on the availability of food, especially during the critical winter period. In the winter of 2020–2021, we observed an extreme accumulation of empty shells of native mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae) foraged by raccoons in the Lubuskie Lakeland in western Poland. The aim of this study was to determine whether mussels could be an important food source for raccoons during the difficult winter period in areas where they have been introduced. We hypothesised that raccoons would prefer thin-shelled mussels over thick-shelled species as their food. We identified the mussel species and estimated their numbers in the piles of shells found on the small river banks. The raccoons’ prey consisted of 2,340 mussels belonging to three genera (Anodonta, Pseudanodonta, Unio) and five species (Anodonta cygnea, Anodonta anatina, Unio pictorum, Unio tumidus, Pseudanodonta complanata). Two of them, the Anodonta cygnea and Pseudanodonta complanata, have the status of endangered species in Poland and are red listed by IUCN respectively as Vulnerable (VU) in Europe and Endangered (EN) globally. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 27 Mar 2025 15:42:15 +000
- First record for an alien oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense
(De Haan, 1849) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) distribution in the lower Danube,
Bulgarian part confirmed with DNA barcoding
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 153-163
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.142047
Authors : Yordan Kutsarov, Petya Ivanova, Nina Dzhembekova, Violin Raykov, Elitsa Hineva, Elica Valkova, Kristian Yakimov : The alien species Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849), known as the oriental river prawn, has been identified in the Bulgarian part of the Lower Danube for the first time, based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding. Four specimens were caught in October 2023 in the Danube River near Pozharevo island (422.2 rkm). The diagnosis of the species was based on the number of the teeth on the dorsal and ventral side of the rostrum, the large size of the second pair of pereopods, and the presence of the hepatic spine. A fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced to supplement species identification. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed a high genetic similarity (over 99%) between the Bulgarian sample and samples from various geographic locations (Ukraine, China, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, and Russia). The record of the oriental river prawn confirms its expansion and successful naturalization in the Lower Danube region. The invasion of the species will probably affect the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities and represent a high risk to native species, which necessitates long-term monitoring of species’ impact on Danube River ecosystems. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 20 Mar 2025 13:28:29 +000
- Artificial breeding of the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, in a
captive facility in the Republic of Korea
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 165-181
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.143706
Authors : Eunvit Cho, Dae-Yeon Moon, Il-Hun Kim, Donjin Han, Ki-Young Lee, Il-Kook Park : Captive breeding has been conducted across various regions to restore globally endangered sea turtle populations. However, understanding how turtles adapt to artificial breeding environments that differ considerably from their natural habitats remains underexplored. This study focused on the artificial breeding of two male and two female hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, in a controlled facility in the Republic of Korea, isolated from the outdoor environment and located far north of their natural nesting grounds. The main objectives were to document the entire breeding process while identifying limitations in the breeding methods and suggesting improvements. During the study period, the hawksbill turtles laid 864 eggs across 10 clutches, resulting in 83 hatchlings. The mean fertilization rate was 33%, whereas hatching success rates were 10% and 32% for the number of total laid eggs and fertile eggs, respectively. A female turtle laid eggs two-and-a-half years after post-mating, demonstrating that hawksbill turtles can utilize long-term sperm storage for laying eggs in subsequent breeding seasons without additional mating. Enhancing captive breeding methods is crucial for improving the efficiency of sea turtle population recovery and expanding our understanding of their ecological characteristics. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 20 Mar 2025 11:30:40 +000
- Changes in landscape disturbance intensity of sloping land in mountainous
areas and their relationship with ecosystem services
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 129-152
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.137016
Authors : Huiqing Han, Xin Yu, Yuanju Jian : The stability of landscapes on sloping land forms the foundation for ecological protection and sustainable development in mountainous regions. However, with the intensification of human activities, particularly in the complex mountainous areas of southwest China, the landscape patterns on sloping land have been severely disrupted. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes in landscape disturbance intensity on sloping land in Guiyang and their impact on ecosystem services. The findings show that, over the past 20 years, the overall landscape disturbance intensity has generally decreased, particularly between 2000 and 2010. However, disturbance intensity has increased in certain gradient zones, such as areas with slopes between 20–25 degrees. Meanwhile, ecosystem services have generally declined, especially in water yield and crop production, while carbon stock has slightly increased. The study reveals a significant spatial correlation between landscape disturbance intensity and ecosystem services, with varying relationships across different services. It emphasises the profound impact of human activities on landscape stability and ecosystem services, particularly in areas with steeper slopes. The contribution of this research lies in providing a scientific basis for sustainable landscape management and ecosystem service conservation in mountainous areas, highlighting the importance of mitigating human disturbance and strengthening ecological restoration. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Fri, 7 Mar 2025 16:51:51 +0000
- The diversity and conservation status of amphibians and reptiles from the
Mexican biogeographic province of Sierra Madre del Sur
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 101-127
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.140853
Authors : Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith : The Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) is a biologically diverse biogeographic province found in south-central Mexico. It is therefore an area of interest from a conservation standpoint. Here we examine the diversity and conservation status of the amphibians and reptiles of the SMS and its subprovinces and determine their similarity with neighboring provinces. We compiled a list of the species of amphibians and reptiles occurring in the SMS and its neighboring provinces from the available literature and gathered information on their conservation status. We also compiled the herpetofauna of the three subprovinces of the SMS (Western, Central, and Eastern). The SMS houses 186 species of amphibians, of which 89% are endemic to Mexico and 53% endemic to the SMS. The SMS also contains 331 reptile species, of which 72% are endemic to Mexico and 23% are endemic to the SMS. The amphibian and reptile diversity of the SMS is concentrated in the Eastern subprovince. The significant number of amphibian and reptile species endemic to the SMS highlights its importance for conservation. Comparison with neighboring provinces shows that the SMS shares 33% of its species with the Transvolcanic Belt, 25% with the Pacific Lowlands and Balsas Basin, and 19% with Veracruzan. The SMS shares 52% of its reptile species with the Transvolcanic Belt, 42% with the Pacific Lowlands, 40% with the Balsas Basin, and 33% with the Veracruzan. The results of a cluster analyses suggest that the SMS does not represent a single unit in terms of its herpetofauna, since the three subprovinces do not cluster together. The Western and Central subprovinces cluster with the Balsas Basin and the Pacific Lowlands, whereas the Eastern subprovince clusters separately. We found that 25.7% of the evaluated amphibian and reptile species in the SMS are included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List in some category of conservation concern (amphibians: 54.9%; reptiles: 6.8%). The Eastern subprovince hosts the highest proportion of species of conservation concern (93.8%). It is important to increase the number of areas protected by federal and state governments, especially in the Eastern subprovince, and to promote protections driven by local communities. These actions could help protect the herpetofauna of the SMS, especially the Eastern subprovince, which harbors a unique fauna and deserves special consideration from a conservation standpoint. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Tue, 4 Mar 2025 14:18:26 +0000
- Forage harvesting using branch pruning compromises sustainable use and
conservation of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir., an endangered species
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 83-100
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.142305
Authors : Bossila Séraphin Hien, Loyapin Bondé, Mohamed Mahamoud Charahabil, Sié Sylvestre Da, Joseph Issaka Boussim, Oumarou Ouédraogo : Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. is a leguminous tree species with huge forage value. It is subjected to heavy pruning pressure in dry season for livestock feeding, resulting in yearly decline of forage production and vulnerability of the species which is currently classified as endangered species. This study aimed at: (i) identifying factors influencing branch pruning pressure on P. erinaceus tree, (ii) assessing the effect of branch pruning on foliage production of the species and (iii) developing allometric equations for estimating its foliage biomass. We measured leaf biomass on representative living branches on 48 individual trees of P. erinaceus distributed in protected and communal areas following topography gradient. Branch size distribution and branch pruning ratio (PR) expressing human pressure on sampled trees were appreciated. Results indicated that PR was significantly (p-value < 0.001) influenced by tree morphological traits such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown area, and tree density around sampled tree. Linear regression highlighted the dominance of small branches on sampled trees both for pruned and living branches, suggesting a regular pruning of trees. Topography position and PR were found as main factors affecting the species leaf production (p < 0.05). The potential leaf biomass estimated at 15.09 ± 6.58 kg per tree is reduced by 35.98% when using branch pruning for forage harvesting. DBH and PR were the best predictor variables for estimating leaf production of the species. Allometric model developed is a useful tool for optimizing harvesting activities and secure sustainable use of the species. Based on the harvesting pressure observed on the species, the promotion of more conservative harvesting techniques such as cutting of leafy twigs for forage harvesting instead of branch pruning and preserving of heavy pruned trees from harvesting during few years are highly recommended for enabling fast renewal of branches and seed production for species regeneration. Findings and recommendations from this case study on P. erinaceus could be used to improve the management of tree species subjected to similar harvesting pressure across tropical regions. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 17:42:46 +000
- Conservation and ecological screening of small water bodies in temperate
riverine wetlands using UAV Photogrammetry (Middle Danube)
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 61-82
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.116663
Authors : Dušanka Cvijanović, Maja Novković, Djuradj Milošević, Milica Stojković Piperac, Laszlo Galambos, Dubravka Čerba, Olivera Stamenković, Bojan Damnjanović, Minučer Mesaroš, Dragoslav Pavić, Vladica Simić, Ivana Trbojević, Ana Anđelković, Nusret Drešković, Barbara Stammel, Bernd Cyffka, Snežana Radulović : Aquatic ecosystems in riverine wetlands are important refuges and nurseries for freshwater biota. Given the significant global loss and degradation of wetlands, regular conservation assessments of these habitats, even in not easily accessible regions, are crucial for implementing effective management. Thus, developing cost-effective approaches for rapid ecological and conservation screening of water bodies in floodplains, such as the Danube, is a priority. One potential solution is the use of UAV-based (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) ecological indicators to complement existing monitoring frameworks. This paper aims to explore whether UAV-based macrophyte data can provide a more precise indication of the trophic state and conservation indices (assessed through fish and macroinvertebrate communities) of temperate wetland lentic ecosystems, compared to traditional field surveys. The fieldwork was conducted during the summer months of 2019 at 23 sampling sites within eight lentic water bodies located in three wetland areas along the Middle Danube in Serbia. Data on aquatic vegetation, fish, and macroinvertebrate communities, and samples for water quality analysis were collected simultaneously. UAV images were acquired using an RGB camera. Orthomosaics were processed using supervised object-based image (OBIA) classification to obtain a single vector layer with macrophyte functional groups and taxa. Macrophyte cover metrics obtained during the fieldwork and UAV data processing were correlated against water quality parameters and conservation indices calculated for fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages. The study demonstrated that UAV photogrammetry can provide relatively precise measurements of macrophyte cover characteristics compared to traditional plot-based monitoring methods, making it effective for assessing aquatic ecosystems. The analysis revealed that sites with high values of fish and macroinvertebrate conservation indices, optimal oxygen conditions, and mesotrophic states were associated with UAV orthomosaic polygons showing relatively high macrophyte functional diversity and a presence of floating-rooted species. Conversely, sites experiencing eutrophication and a poor oxygen regime with species-poor fish assemblages correlated positively with a higher cover of amphibian and free-floating vegetation, as well as filamentous algae. In conclusion, UAV photogrammetry offers a cost-effective method to monitor aquatic habitats along large river floodplains, including those that are not easily accessible. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Fri, 7 Feb 2025 10:52:12 +0000
- Challenges and opportunities for assessing trends of amphibians with
heterogeneous data – a call for better metadata reporting
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 31-60
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.137848
Authors : Klaus Henle, Reinhard A. Klenke, M. Benjamin Barth, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth, Diana E. Bowler : Over the last decades, the worldwide decline of amphibian populations has become a major concern of researchers and conservationists. Studies have reported a diversity of trends, with some species strongly declining, others remaining stable and still others increasing. However, only a few species have been monitored annually for a long period of time by specific monitoring programmes. Instead, there are many heterogeneous datasets that contain observations of amphibians from professional surveys as well as diverse citizen science and other voluntary surveys. The use of these data brings a number of challenges, raising concerns about their validity and use in ecological research and conservation. We assessed to what extent such heterogeneous occurrence data can provide information on the status and trends of amphibians by contrasting different approaches to overcoming challenges with the data, using the German state of Saxony as an example. We assessed the effects of data processing decisions to infer absences, the use of survey method information and the statistical model (generalised linear mixed-effect occurrence model [GLMM] versus occupancy-detection model) and compared the trends with expert opinions (Red Lists). The different data processing decisions mainly led to similar annual occupancy estimates, newts being an exception. Annual occupancy estimates were typically less certain when attempting to account for the effects of survey methods, which could be explained by many missing values on methods. Separate models for drift fence data reduced the uncertainty in the annual occurrence probability estimates of the GLMM models, but uncertainty remained high for occupancy-detection models. For both methods, strong peaks and troughs in the annual occupancy estimates occurred for several species, which were not biologically plausible. Some peaks align with periods of lower sampling effort and were probably caused by shifts in the sampling locations or target species amongst years. Only for three species (Bufotes viridis, Hyla arborea and Pelophylax esculentus) were the trend results consistent amongst approaches and with expert opinions. For most other species, some inconsistencies appeared amongst models or approaches, indicating that trend assessments are sensitive to analytical choices. While heterogeneous data have proved useful for other taxa, our results highlight the complexity of using them for amphibians. We strongly recommend better harmonisation of data collection and metadata documentation, including explicit absence data and, if available, abundance data, to enable more robust trend assessments in the future. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Fri, 31 Jan 2025 16:15:16 +000
- MIAU: An analysis-ready dataset on presence-only and presence-absence data
of Neotropical carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) from 2000 to 2021
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 11-30
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.140644
Authors : Florencia Grattarola, Kateřina Tschernosterová, Petr Keil : In the last decade, databases of records of species observed at the same location at different points in time over large spatial extents have been made available. Unfortunately, these sources are scarce in regions such as Latin America. We present a dataset of 60,179 point occurrences (i.e. presence-only data, PO) and 45,468 camera-trap survey records (i.e. presence-absence data, PA) for 63 species of carnivores of the Neotropical Region from 2000 to 2021. We collated the data from various sources, including 64 newly-digitised bibliographic references. We cleaned, taxonomically harmonised and standardised the data following the Darwin Core and Humboldt Core standards and present them here as csv files. We have also made these data fit for analyses by aggregating the data into two time periods (time1: 2000–2013 and time2: 2014–2021), with PO grid cell counts of 100 × 100 km and PA polygons of varying size, presented as geopackage files. These data can be used for large-scale species distribution models, calculation of population trends, extinction risk analyses and educational purposes. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 20 Jan 2025 17:28:24 +000
- On the path to extinction: Helix godetiana Kobelt, 1878, the only
threatened Helix species in Greece
Abstract: Nature Conservation 58: 1-10
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.58.129016
Authors : Leonidas Maroulis, Nikos Poulakakis, Konstantinos Proios, Danae Karakasi, Kostas A. Triantis, Moisis Mylonas, Katerina Vardinoyannis : Land snails and the Aegean Archipelago offer an intriguing combination for studying biodiversity, biogeography and ecology. A region with high environmental and temporal heterogeneity and a tri-continental biotic influence and a group of organisms with low active dispersal abilities, high endemism, as well as the particularity to leave shells as traces of past presence, set an ideal stage for testing biodiversity patterns and exploring multisource threats, especially in the era of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. In this study, we examine Helix godetiana, a large-sized, threatened and endemic land snail of the central and south Aegean Islands. The species has been extirpated from 22 of the 32 islands where it was historically present. We identify potential drivers of its extinction, as Helix godetiana faces several threats across its current range, including competitive exclusion by Cornu aspersum, a species with continuing expansion in the Aegean and climate change disrupting its unusual breeding cycle, which occurs in late spring. Our findings shed light on potentially major, yet previously unexplored, threats on endemic molluscs of the Aegean Islands, a European biodiversity hotspot. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 16 Jan 2025 15:22:10 +000
- Experimental study on improving the utilization rate of underpasses of
bundled linear infrastructure on Tibetan Plateau
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 173-190
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.120747
Authors : Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali, Yun Wang, Yangang Yang, Jiding Chen, Shuangcheng Tao, Yaping Kong, Zhi Lu : Wildlife crossing structures (WCSs) are an important measure to protect biodiversity and reduce human-wildlife conflict, especially for bundled linear infrastructure. The aim of this study was to evaluate two “management and behavioral” factors (salt blocks and feces) in relation to two “structural factors” (underpasses’ dimension and distance of bundled linear infrastructure) along Qinghai-Tibet bundled linear infrastructure (Qinghai-Tibet railway alignment runs parallel to the Qinghai-Tibet highway) and Gonghe-Yushu bundled linear infrastructure (Gonghe-Yushu expressway is parallel to the Gonghe-Yushu highway) using infrared cameras. Eight underpasses were monitored in the Qinghai-Tibet railway and six in the Gonghe-Yushu expressway, with half of the induced experimental group and half of the control group in each area. The monitoring shows that the Qinghai-Tibet railway area has richer species diversity than the Gonghe-Yushu expressway area. Salt block and feces induction experiments showed that the relative abundance index (RAI) of the experimental and control groups did not reveal significant differences in both areas. In addition, we found that the wider the width of the underpasses, the higher the utilization rate of kiang (Equus kiang) and wolly hare (Lepus oiostolus). And the distance from the adjacent linear infrastructure was positively correlated with the frequency of wolly hare, while no correlation was found with other species. In summary, this study found that salt block and feces induction could not improve the utilization rate of ungulates to underpasses of bundled linear infrastructure on Tibetan Plateau, and preliminary understood the factors affecting the utilization rate of underpasses. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:10 +000
- Influence of land use intensity on ecological corridors and wildlife
crossings’ effectiveness: comparison of 2 pilot areas in Austria
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 143-171
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.117154
Authors : Mořic Jurečka, Richard Andrášik, Petr Čermák, Florian Danzinger, Christoph Plutzar, Roland Grillmayer, Tomáš Mikita, Tomáš Bartonička : Human development and induced activities significantly affect the natural functioning of ecosystems and hence landscape connectivity. Ecological corridors are essential for maintaining structural as well as functional connectivity in cultural landscapes for wildlife, while providing interchange between core areas. In two pilot areas in the north-western and eastern part of Austria, ecological corridors were delineated using a geographic information system (GIS). The pilot areas are key to preserving ecological connectivity and are located along important international migration corridors (Bohemian Forest-Northern Alps corridor, Alpine-Carpathian corridor). Both areas are situated in highly human-altered and therefore dissected as well as fragmented landscapes. A one-year monitoring campaign using camera traps was carried out at selected locations along proposed ecological corridors in the cultural landscape and at wildlife crossings structures (WCSs) at intersections with road infrastructure. The monitoring was focused on mammals with a total of 18 species being observed. The most abundant species were roe deer, European hare and wild boar. European otter, European beaver, golden jackal and wildcat have only rarely been observed. Mammal species richness was positively correlated with the presence of vegetation cover and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). The insights obtained can be used for recommendations and support in planning the planting of vegetation (use of grasslands, scattered and continuous woody vegetation, agroforestry systems) on the sites and in the vicinity of ecological corridors. The green bridges (wildlife overpasses) were used more frequently as well as by a larger number of mammal species compared to other studied WCSs showing characteristics that are less favourable for animals. The effectiveness of WCSs is mainly influenced by human activities, resulting in the recommendation to limit them on WCSs located along the routes of ecological corridors. We point out that actual wildlife migration corridors are likely to differ from designated data-driven ecological corridors generated by spatially explicit models, because these generally do not take into account all factors relating to the effectiveness of corridors. Our results suggest, that the application of the concept of functional connectivity is able to enhance the quality of ecological corridor designations, since usually they are based only on the concept of structural connectivity. For this reason, further studies are needed to help understanding factors and their specificities influencing the interplay between structural and functional connectivity of ecological corridors. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:09 +000
- The potential of electrified barriers to keep black bears out of fenced
road corridors at low volume access roads
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 125-142
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.116972
Authors : Marcel P. Huijser, Samantha C. Getty : Fences can reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions, but it is not always possible to fence over long distances, especially not in multi-functional landscapes. Side roads, driveways, and the need for access to agricultural fields all result in gaps in the fence. In some cases, wildlife guards or gates are installed at access points. However, gates usually require people to get in and out of their vehicle and they are often left open. Wildlife guards are typically only suited for low traffic speed, and while they can be a substantial barrier to ungulates, they are readily crossed by species with paws, including bears. Electrified barriers embedded in travel lanes can be a substantial barrier to both ungulates and bear species and while they can be suitable for higher traffic volume and speed, the costs are typically higher than for low volume and low speed roads. We explored the potential of low-cost electrified barriers to keep bears from accessing fenced road corridors at low traffic volume and low speed vehicle access points. As a first step, we conducted the study on private land at a melon patch that was a known attractant for black bears. We investigated the effectiveness of an electric fence and 5 different types of electrified barriers designed to keep black bears out of the melon patch. The electrified barriers included a swing gate, a standard bump-gate, a modified bump-gate with conductive netting, drive-over wires a few inches above the ground, and a drive-over mat. Trail cameras were installed at each access point to document approaching black bears and potential crossings into the melon patch. The swing gate, modified bump-gate, drive-over wires, and drive-over mat were an absolute (100%) or near absolute barrier (94.3%) for black bears while the standard bump-gate was a poor barrier (48.4%). Through a step-by-step process, the weak points of the electrified barriers at the vehicle access points and the electric fence around the melon patch were addressed. After addressing a weak point at a vehicle access point, the bears increasingly dug under the fence to enter the melon patch. However, eventually the melon patch became almost inaccessible to black bears. The number of black bears trying and succeeding to enter the melon patch at a particular location depended on how difficult it was to enter at other locations. This illustrates that fences and vehicle access points should be designed, operated, maintained, and monitored as a system rather than as individual features, regardless of whether the goal is to protect crops or to keep animals out of a fenced road corridor. The total number of black bear observations at the locations monitored with a trail camera, regardless of which side of the fence or electrified barriers the bears were on, was 95% lower in 2021 than in 2020. Combined with having no indication of a substantial drop in black bear population size from 2020 to 2021, this suggests that after the black bears were no longer able to enter the melon patch, they drastically reduced their presence in the immediate surroundings and reduced their effort to try and access the crop; the attraction of the melon patch and the habit of eating its melons was broken. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:08 +000
- Biodiversity monitoring with intelligent sensors: An integrated pipeline
for mitigating animal-vehicle collisions
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 103-124
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.108950
Authors : Sylvain Moulherat, Léa Pautrel, Guillaume Debat, Marie-Pierre Etienne, Lucie Gendron, Nicolas Hautière, Jean-Philippe Tarel, Guillaume Testud, Olivier Gimenez : Transports of people and goods contribute to the ongoing 6th mass extinction of species. They impact species viability by reducing the availability of suitable habitat, by limiting connectivity between suitable patches, and by increasing direct mortality due to collisions with vehicles. Not only does it represent a threat for some species conservation capabilities, but animal vehicle collisions (AVC) is also a threat for human safety and security in transport and has a massive cost for transport infrastructure (TI) managers and users. Using the opportunities offered by the increasing number of sensors embedded into TI and the development of their digital twins, we developed a framework aiming at managing AVC by mapping the collision risk between trains and ungulates (roe deer and wild boar) thanks to the deployment of a camera trap network. The proposed framework uses population dynamic simulations to identify collision hotspots and assist with the design of sensors deployment. Once sensors are deployed, the data collected, here photos, are processed through deep learning to detect and identify species at the TI vicinity. Then, the processed data are fed to an abundance model able to map species relative abundance around the TI as a proxy of the collision risk. We implement the framework on an actual section of railway in south-western France benefiting from a mitigation and monitoring strategy. The implementation thus highlighted the technical and fundamental requirements to effectively mainstream biodiversity concerns in the TI digital twins. This would contribute to the AVC management in autonomous vehicles thanks to connected TI. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:07 +000
- Traffic mortality of wild forest reindeer Rangifer tarandus fennicus in
Finland
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 89-102
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.107332
Authors : Milla Niemi, Sari C. Cunningham, Robert Serrouya, Veli-Matti Väänänen, Sakari Mykrä-Pohja : Vehicle collisions kill at least one million ungulates annually in Europe. The number of traffic-killed individuals is usually relatively low for managed species, compared to the annual harvest quota. Therefore, traffic mortality in common ungulate species has historically been seen as a management and traffic safety problem, rather than a conservation issue. However, rare ungulate species, such as European wild forest reindeer (WFR) Rangifer tarandus fennicus, challenge this paradigm. The global population of WFR is approximately 5 300 individuals, divided into three main subpopulations: Suomenselkä and Kainuu in Finland, and N-W Russia. WFR females generally produce only one calf per year, which makes this species particularly vulnerable to any additional source of mortality. Here, we investigate traffic mortality of WFR in Finland. For both Finnish WFR subpopulations we estimated a kill rate (the proportion of individuals killed/struck) and, in relation to their winter population sizes, the collision and traffic mortality rates. Our collision data was collected during 2017–2022 by volunteer hunters and consisted of 390 road traffic collisions (407 WFR individuals), with supplementary data on railway collisions. In total, 259 individuals were killed directly in road traffic collisions or euthanized later after tracking (kill rate 64%). An age class (adult/juvenile) was determined for 265 animals (65%), and the results indicated that noticeably more adults than juveniles were killed. In relation to wintering subpopulation sizes, there were higher collision and traffic mortality rates in Suomenselkä (3.0% and 2.0% of the winter population, respectively) than in Kainuu (1.8% and 1.3%). WFR-train collisions occurred in both subpopulations. In Suomenselkä, a railway mortality rate of 0.2% was recorded, while in Kainuu it was 0.7%. We found collision and traffic mortality rates that were relatively low and comparable with those of other ungulate species. However, the relatively high proportion of adults observed among road-killed individuals lends support for further studies to develop species-specific mitigation measures for WFR. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:06 +000
- A methodological framework for addressing environmental problems on aged
transport infrastructure
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 69-88
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.107284
Authors : Ivo Dostál, Petr Anděl, Jiří Jedlička, Marek Havlíček : While the environmental impacts of new road and motorway construction are examined in detail as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, far less attention is generally paid to existing structures, some of which have been in operation for decades with no environmental assessment ever carried out. In this paper, a framework for an audit of the assessment of environmental burdens from older transport infrastructure is presented. Its main objective is to set up a systematic and comprehensive approach to the preventive identification of problematic locations on the existing road network to prepare proposals for practical and feasible upgrading or optimization measures that can be addressed within the routine repairs and small reconstructions. It primarily deals with the setup of the whole process, starting with the preparation of the background for the assessment, the field survey procedure, the design of possible measures and their subsequent monitoring. The audit concept identified a total of 14 key problem domains representing individual environmental problems, for which methodological sheets were prepared. However, this is not a rigid number; the whole framework is conceived as an open system allowing for the addition of new topics or possible methodological adaptations to the practices common in other countries or in transport sectors other than roads. The audit is currently considered as a voluntary tool applicable on the state owned transport network, thus the practical usage is in the hands of the state administration and infrastructure operators. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:05 +000
- Brown bear occurrence along a proposed highway route in Romania’s
Carpathian Mountains
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 41-67
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.107283
Authors : Csaba Domokos, Sebastian Collet, Carsten Nowak, Ferenc Jánoska, Bogdan Cristescu : Linear transportation infrastructure threatens terrestrial mammals by altering their habitats, creating barriers to movement and increasing mortality risk. Large carnivores are especially susceptible to the negative effects of roads due to their wide-ranging movements. Major road developments are planned or ongoing throughout the range of the Romanian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population, which is numerically the largest in the European Union. The planned A8 (Tîrgu Mureș–Iași–Ungheni) highway crosses the Romanian Eastern Carpathians on their entire width, posing a risk to the Romanian and broader Carpathian transboundary bear population. In the summers of 2014, 2017 and 2020, we surveyed an 80 km-long section of the planned highway using 68 hair traps with lure mounted in pairs along the route. We aimed to assess bear occurrence, genetic connectivity across the proposed highway and to estimate the minimum number and sex ratio of bears present in the area. With an effort of 3,519 hair trapping days (17 days / trap / session), we identified 24 individuals from the 45 collected hair samples, with a higher prevalence of female bears (male:female sex ratio of 1:1.3). We documented functional connectivity across the planned highway through parent-offspring (4 cases), full-sib (2 cases) and half-sib (24 cases) genetic relationships amongst sampled individuals. Terrain ruggedness and longitude were the most important predictors of bear occurrence from our analysis of detections at hair trap locations. Bears consistently occurred in the vicinity of the planned highway when in rugged terrain of the western section of the study area and were often detected close to human settlements (< 1 km). Even at this stage, without the A8 highway constructed, connectivity is likely already limited by the existing extensive network of settlements and restricted to a few important linkage areas still free of developments. Additional threats to bears and other wildlife in the area include poaching and large numbers of free-ranging dogs. We provide recommendations to mitigate these threats. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:04 +000
- Use of linear transportation infrastructure rights-of-way as an ecological
shelter: National asset estimate and stakeholder involvement
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 17-40
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.107089
Authors : Denis François, Léa Medous, Claire Etrillard : For a number of years, the rights-of-way (ROW) of several types of linear transportation infrastructure (LTI), such as roads, railways, waterways and power lines, have been regarded as possible shelter for biodiversity, notably local flora and entomofauna. For developing an informed general management policy of such an opportunity for species conservation and landscape connectivity, a fundamental prerequisite is to be aware of the ecological shelter potential available within LTI rights-of-way on a national scale. By considering the primary operating constraints of LTIs and their geometric characteristics, a GIS-based method was designed to approximate the linear extent and surface area of potential ecological shelter (PES), i.e. where actions could be implemented to provide sustainable shelter focused on local flora and entomofauna. At the scale of Metropolitan France, the minimum total surface area of PES amounts to 2,026 km2; and its network spans over 88,094 km (39% power lines, 34% railways, 18% roads and 9% waterways). The State is the primary landowner of PES along operated networks (particularly railways) however over half of the assets (53.8%) fall under the responsibility of local authorities, concessionary companies and private landowners (notably power lines). These findings highlight the necessary involvement of State together with LTI operators, local stakeholders and landowners through partnerships aiming to implement the ecological shelter function of rights-of-way. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:03 +000
- Connecting people to connect landscapes
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 9-16
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.138326
Authors : Cristian-Remus Papp, Andreas Seiler, Radu Moț, Anders Sjölund, Elke Hahn, Lazaros E. Georgiadis, Charlotte Navarro, Julie de Bouville, Gavril Marius Berchi : N/a HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:02 +000
- Mainstreaming biodiversity into transport networks by connecting
stakeholders across sectors
Abstract: Nature Conservation 57: 1-8
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.57.137906
Authors : Cristian-Remus Papp, Andreas Seiler, Manisha Bhardwaj, Denis François, Ivo Dostál : N/a HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 20:00:01 +000
- Modelling the present and future distribution of Ambystoma altamirani in
the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 275-293
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.139402
Authors : Armando Sunny, Jaqueline Carolina Martínez-Valerio, Rene Bolom-Huet, Rosa Laura Heredia-Bobadilla, Jonas Alvarez-Lopeztello, Yuriana Gómez-Ortiz, Juan Carlos Guido-Patiño, Javier Manjarrez, María G. González-Pedroza, Hublester Domínguez-Vega : Ambystoma altamirani is a critically endangered, microendemic amphibian species inhabiting the high-altitude rivers and streams of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), a region experiencing severe ecological disturbances. This study aims to assess the current and future distribution of A. altamirani under different climate and land-use change scenarios using ecological niche modelling (ENM). We also evaluate the connectivity of suitable habitats and the overlap with existing natural protected areas (NPAs). Using occurrence records and environmental variables, we modelled the species’ potential distribution under two climate models (CN85 and MP85) for 2050. The results indicate a significant reduction in suitable habitat, particularly in areas such as the Sierra de las Cruces and the Chichinautzin Biological Corridor, with habitat losses projected to reach up to 13.95% by 2050 under the CN85 scenario. Forest cover loss between 2001 and 2023 further exacerbates this threat, especially in municipalities like Tlalpan and Ocuilan. Our analysis highlights the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts, including the preservation of mixed Abies-Pinus forests and the restoration of degraded ecosystems. The findings underscore the critical importance of integrated conservation strategies that address habitat degradation, climate resilience and ecological connectivity to ensure the long-term survival of A. altamirani. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 17:28:19 +0000
- Ritualistic hunts: exploring the motivations and conservation implications
in West Bengal, India
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 243-273
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.132178
Authors : Neil D'Cruze, Angie Elwin, Shubhobroto Ghosh, Alexander E. Asfaw, Emma Coulthard, David Megson, John Norrey, Sangita Giri, Vasudha Mishra, Tiasa Adhya, Suvrajyoti Chatterjee, Meghna Banerjee, Aditya Banerjee, Lauren Harrington : Ritualistic hunts are illegal, large, organised cultural events which are a prevalent concern in West Bengal from both an animal welfare and conservation perspective. We carried out a socio-economic survey with 112 individuals in the districts of Jhargram and West Medinipur to better understand the characteristics of these hunts, the species impacted, and the drivers and motivations of the communities that engage in these types of illegal activity. Specifically, we asked which wild animals were most desirable, which were most profitable, what derivatives from hunted animals were used for, and which wild animals were perceived to have increased most in rarity. We found that these events involve both indiscriminate and targeted killing of a wide variety of wildlife, including at least 93 inferred species (seven of which are categorised on the IUCN Red List as threatened (i.e. either Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered); in 34 the population trend has been categorised as declining, and 25 are listed on Schedule I of India’s Wildlife Protection Act). We found that wild meat/food was the most frequently stated personal use of hunted wildlife in addition to belief-based use, traditional medicine, and decorative use. Engagement in the onward commercial sale of wildlife was also reported by more than a third of hunters. However, personal enjoyment was identified by most hunters as their main motivation for taking part in ritualistic hunts. Despite widespread engagement in ritualistic hunting, we found that the majority of hunters also expressed a willingness to engage in legal non-consumptive alternatives if they were made available. As such, we recommend that in addition to effective law enforcement, further research to identify viable non-consumptive alternatives and inform associated human behaviour change initiatives could help deliver a positive transformation for both wildlife and people in West Bengal. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 21 Nov 2024 17:35:31 +000
- The old good landscape maps: New interpretations enabling ecosystem
services assessment of conservation potential at a national scale
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 223-242
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.132537
Authors : Hristina Prodanova, Stoyan Nedkov, Yordan Yordanov : The ecosystem services (ES) approach has been widely accepted in environmental policies and management as an adequate platform that can serve as a link between nature and society. Many ES are influenced by the landscape structure. Thus, national-scale landscape mapping can potentially contribute to nature conservation management. However, there are no attempts to directly link the ES assessment with the landscape units at a national level. In this paper, we propose an approach for the transformation of paper copy information from old landscape maps to enable the assessment of ES conservation potential at the national landscape scale. The conceptual scheme of the approach contains three main elements: (i) data acquisition; (ii) landscape and ES assessment data processing; and (iii) mapping of ES potential at a landscape level. The results reveal the landscape heterogeneity based on landscape classification and mapping at a national level and the ES conservation potential based on the analyses of the Natural Heritage (NH) in the country to provide ES. The assessment of ES conservation potential using the national scale landscape mapping allows us to analyze the spatial relationships between the landscapes with high conservation value and the existing nature protection network. The conceptual scheme of the study demonstrates how the results of the ES potential provided by the NH at a national level can be combined with the landscape units from the traditional landscape classification schemes to produce various spatial and statistical metrics that reveal how the national system of protected areas coincides with the areas of high ES conservation value. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 18 Nov 2024 13:18:25 +000
- Conservation perceptions and attitudes regarding monitor lizards in West
Bengal, India
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 201-222
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.133577
Authors : Shreya Bhattacharya, Syeda Zuboor Zia, Santanu Mahato, Ravi Kumar Gangwar, Neha Singh, Mark Auliya, André Koch : Local and illegal exploitation of wildlife is particularly widespread in highly populated and bio-diverse countries such as India. In such countries, illicit utilization practices and how these are perceived among local communities are commonly not well-documented. Due to a lack of data, and environmental education measures to protect ecosystems and biodiversity, the extent of this exploitation appears immense and often goes unnoticed. Therefore, in 2019, a series of awareness workshops targeting the conservation of wildlife focused on monitor lizards (Varanidae) was conducted in five districts of West Bengal, India. The environmental awareness workshops were conducted through PowerPoint slide presentations and questionnaires collecting baseline data from the participants regarding their perceptions and relationships to the three species of Varanus recorded for West Bengal. Our findings reveal specific human attitudes and varying local utilization patterns of monitor lizards. This study was the first to communicate and spread awareness in the study areas about why the conservation of local wildlife such as Varanus species is important for ecosystems and human well-being based on the ‘Nature Contributions to People Concept’. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 14 Nov 2024 09:41:36 +000
- Plant functional structure varies across different management regimes in
submontane meadows
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 181-200
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.137276
Authors : Andrea Diviaková, Hana Ollerová, Slavomír Stašiov, Darina Veverková, Milan Novikmec : Seminatural grasslands are among the most biodiverse habitats in Europe, and they have great conservation value. However, in recent decades, they have been threatened by either intensive fertilization or afforestation or, conversely, by abandonment due to changes in agricultural practices. The impact of management, its frequency or intensity on seminatural grassland communities is traditionally evaluated through views on the composition of communities and their diversity. A better understanding of the functioning of plants in managed grassland ecosystems could be achieved by considering plant functional traits (PFTs). In this study, we investigated whether sites with different management practices differ from each other in terms of the representation of the main PFTs. We studied a permanent plot series of 30 grassland sites in central Slovakia that had been managed or abandoned for over 10 years. Individual management consisted of low-intensity mowing (MGM), medium-intensity grazing (MGP), and abandonment (MGA). Hemicryptophytes, perennials, and semi-rosette species were dominant under all management regimes. We found significant differences in the coverage of the studied PFTs among the sites managed by phytomass removal (mowing, grazing) and abandoned sites. Compared with the MGA sites, mowed and grazed sites were characterised by high proportional coverages of species with medium plant heights (0.3–0.6 m), rosette species, and graminoids. The MGA sites presented high coverages of species with high plant heights (> 0.6 m), competitors, phanerophytes, forbs, geophytes, species with vegetative and seed reproduction types, species with long flowering periods (3 months or more), and species with summer green leaves. The MGM sites supported species with large seeds (seed mass> 2 mg), reproduction type by seed (seeds), and species with short flowering times (1–2 months), whereas the MGP sites supported species with small plant heights (plant height < 0.3 m) and species with persistent green leaves. The communities of submontane Carpathian meadows with different types of management differ in terms of the representation of selected plant functional traits, especially between managed and abandoned sites. This approach is useful not only for understanding the mechanisms involved in the application of different management methods but also for predicting changes in the responses of the functional properties of plants when abandoning grassland habitats. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 15:04:08 +000
- Conservation priorities for threatened mammals of Vietnam: Implementation
of the IUCN´s One Plan Approach
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 161-180
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.128129
Authors : Hanna Höffner, Son Truong Nguyen, Phuong Huy Dang, Masaharu Motokawa, Tatsuo Oshida, Dennis Rödder, Truong Quang Nguyen, Minh Duc Le, Hai Tuan Bui, Thomas Ziegler : Vietnam belongs to one of the most well-known global biodiversity hotspots. However, its biodiversity is being threatened by multiple factors such as rapid growth of the human population, habitat destruction, overexploitation, and climate change. To better prioritize conservation measures for Vietnam’s mammal fauna, this study attempts to identify the threat status, level of endemism, and protected area coverage for approximately 329 recognized taxa. In addition, ex situ conservation measures are investigated by analyzing zoo databases. Our results show that as many as 112 mammal species (~34%) in Vietnam are officially listed as threatened, 36 (~11%) are country endemics, and nine (~3%) are micro-endemic. Nearly all threatened species are currently covered by protected areas, except for two species of high conservation importance, i.e., the micro-endemic Murina harpioloides (Chiroptera) and the threatened Lepus sinensis (Lagomorpha). Our results also suggest that such areas as Hoang Lien Range, northeastern Vietnam, and the central and southern Annamite Mountains require more conservation attention, as they harbor a high number of endemic species. Analyses of the Zoological Information Management System reveal that roughly 60% (67 species) of threatened species are currently kept in zoos (ex situ) across the world, while none of the species listed as “Data Deficient” are currently represented in any ex situ program. Up to 66% of 89 species kept in zoos show a good number of breeding successes in the past 12 months. It is recommended that future conservation efforts focus on unprotected threatened mammals and on evaluating the threat status for “Data Deficient” species. Additionally, the existing protected area system's effectiveness should be improved by creating corridors to provide connectivity for highly mobile and widely distributed mammal species. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 7 Nov 2024 18:00:04 +0000
- Invertebrate-biased diet of burrowing owls in a newly-restored coastal
grassland
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 151-159
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.127231
Authors : Madeleine M. Ostwald, Kyra Sullivan, Lisa Stratton, Alison Rickard, Katja C. Seltmann : Recovering biodiversity across trophic levels is a major challenge in restoration ecology. Specifically, predator population recovery depends on the timely re-establishment of their preferred prey species in restored habitats. Here, we evaluate potential dietary factors contributing to the loss of western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea (Bonaparte, 1825)) from a newly-restored coastal grassland. We examined owl pellets and found that burrowing owl diets were relatively low in vertebrate prey during their brief occupation of the restoration site (2.6% of prey items; found in 61.8% of sampled pellets). We suggest that preferred food limitation may have been one contributor to the loss of owls from the restoration site. These findings suggest the need to prioritise re-establishment of prey communities for effective long-term recovery of burrowing owls in restored landscapes. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Wed, 16 Oct 2024 16:22:11 +000
- Valuing ecosystem services of community gardens in developing countries: a
case study of Dezful City in Iran
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 127-149
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.127283
Authors : Mostafa Baniasadi, Mohammad Eydipour : Allotment (AGs) and community gardens (CGs) are types of urban gardens that provide diverse ecosystem services (ESs) such as climate regulation, beautiful landscapes, biodiversity and food security. Despite this, there are no AGs or CGs in many developing countries such as Iran. One of the main reasons for the lack of development of CGs in developing countries is the lack of proper understanding by policy-makers and citizens regarding the economic value of the ESs provided and the lack of disclosure of the benefits of its construction in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to analyse the preferences of citizens, to examine the existence of a potential market, to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for the creation and operation of CG services and to investigate the factors affecting residents’ WTP in Dezful, Iran. For this purpose, a choice experiment, based on the stated preferences valuation approach, was applied through interviews with 170 respondents living in Dezful urban area. The data were collected during the autumn of 2022 and analysed using conditional logit model. The results indicated that the responding citizens are willing to pay 4.57 USD per month to create CG and operate its ESs in Dezful. Amongst the attributes and ESs of the community garden, citizens valued cultural services the most, followed by provisioning services. In addition, the variables “age”, “being native”, “education”, “household expenditure level” and “awareness and recognition of CG ecosystem services” had a significant effect on WTP. According to the results, it is suggested to follow the policy of creating CGs with the participation of citizens instead of focusing only on the creation of urban green space with a government budget and heavy financial burden. CGs, while providing diverse ESs, can generate sustainable incomes for municipalities and accelerate the movement toward sustainable urban development. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Tue, 8 Oct 2024 10:59:13 +0000
- Lost species, neglected taxonomy, and the role of natural history
collections and synonymization in the identification of the World’s
forgotten biodiversity
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 119-126
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.132036
Authors : Spartaco Gippoliti, Simone Farina, Franco Andreone : A recent paper highlighted the need for increased attention towards species that have vanished from scientific literature and proposed a new nomenclature in view of needed conservation actions, based on the time interval since their disappearance. Here, we propose to implement this concept by showcasing a taxonomic perspective that is often overlooked in conservation studies. In recent decades, research on vertebrates showed that, in several cases, species considered as undescribed were, in fact, first discovered and already named a long time ago. Quite often they fell into oblivion while being considered synonyms of other taxa until they were re-evaluated in subsequent taxonomic revisions. In this context, we are proposing the concept of “long-lost synonymized” species, asking for greater attention to the discipline of taxonomy, the relevance of specimen-based taxonomy and the value of natural history collections within conservation and academic communities. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Wed, 2 Oct 2024 10:34:46 +0000
- Old trees: Precious natural heritage on isolated islands
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 115-117
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.136684
Authors : Chunping Xie, C. Y. Jim : Old trees on the South China Sea islands represent a unique and irreplaceable element of the region’s ecological heritage. Their resilience and critical role in maintaining local biodiversity highlight the need for immediate conservation efforts to protect these natural treasures from environmental and human threats. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Fri, 27 Sep 2024 09:46:49 +000
- Establishing permanent monitoring plots of narrow endemic and threatened
plants of Indonesia: a case study on Dipterocarpus cinereus Slooten
(Dipterocarpaceae)
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 101-113
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.125822
Authors : Arida Susilowati, Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat, Afifatul Achyar, Eka Martha Della Rahayu, Imam Syafii, Mokhamad Nur Zaman, Enggal Primananda, Arief Hamidi, Iyan Robiansyah : Permanent plots are commonly employed to record and monitor temporal changes in plant communities. In this study, we established a permanent plot to monitor the future population dynamics and regeneration of Dipterocarpus cinereus Slooten (Dipterocarpaceae), or Lagan bras, a critically endangered and narrowly endemic tree confined to the Mursala Island in Sumatera Utara Province, Indonesia. Using a quarter-hectare (50 × 50 m2) plot, we collected initial data on the population structure of D. cinereus and the floristic composition of the tree community within the plot. Tree inventories were conducted by measuring all individual trees with a Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of more than 5 cm. In the 0.25-hectare plot established, we recorded 261 trees, representing 76 species, 49 genera, and 32 families of flowering plants. There were seven individuals of D. cinereus in the plot, of which six were in mature stages with a DBH range of 79.5–38.8 cm. The results of our study can serve as baseline data for future monitoring programs of D. cinereus and the accompanying tree community. Furthermore, these results can support the implementation of existing long-term conservation strategies and action plans for the species. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 12 Sep 2024 16:44:00 +000
- Cymbidium kanran can deceptively attract Apis cerana for free pollination
by releasing specialized volatile compounds
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 83-100
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.126919
Authors : Huolin Luo, Hanwen Xiao, Xinchen Wu, Nannan Liu, Xinghui Chen, Dongjin Xiong, Weichang Huang, Boyun Yang : Cymbidium kanran is classified as a second-level protected plant in China and is also listed in the World Genetic Conservation Plant Registry. Pollen flow is an important factor influencing the genetic structure of plant populations, holding significant relevance in the conservation of endangered plants. In this study, we present a comprehensive exploration of the pollination biology of Cymbidium kanran, encompassing investigations into its flowering phenology, breeding system, floral volatile components, and interactions with pollinating insects. The results showed that: 1) C. kanran exclusively relies on external pollination mechanisms, as automatic self-pollination or apomixis mechanisms are conspicuously absent. Consequently, the natural fruit set rate is significantly lower compared to artificial pollination, highlighting a pronounced pollination limitation. 2) Apis cerana emerges as the primary effective pollinating insect for C. kanran, adeptly carrying both pollinia and anther caps during the pollination process. Notably, C. kanran does not provide any rewards, such as nectar or edible pollen, to entice the pollinators. 3) Contrary to expectations, our glass cylinder experiment demonstrates that the flower color of C. kanran lacks significant attractiveness to pollinators (p=0.1341>0.05). However, the scent emitted by the flowers exhibits considerable allure (p=0.0004
PubDate: Thu, 22 Aug 2024 16:11:53 +000
- Eight years after the Fundão tailings dam collapse: chaos on the
muddy banks
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 77-82
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.133441
Authors : Cássio Cardoso Pereira, Stephannie Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Fernando Figueiredo Goulart : Not applicable HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Tue, 20 Aug 2024 14:22:50 +000
- Amphibians and reptiles of the Transvolcanic Belt biogeographic province
of Mexico: diversity, similarities, and conservation
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 37-76
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.125561
Authors : Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith : The Transvolcanic Belt (TVB) of Mexico is a biogeographic province of significant biodiversity, acting as a transition zone between eastern and western Mexico. Using available literature, we collected species lists for amphibians and reptiles in Mexican states within the TVB biogeographic province, updating them with additional literature. The TVB is home to 427 native species of amphibians and reptiles, 154 amphibians and 273 reptiles, which represent 30.5% of the species of amphibians and reptiles in Mexico. The TVB also houses 50 endemic species, with 84 species listed by the IUCN. Threats include habitat destruction and pollution. The TVB shares a significant portion of its amphibian and reptile species with neighboring provinces, particularly the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra Madre del Sur, suggesting a mixture of species from both eastern and western Mexico. Cluster analyses based on species composition reveal distinct groupings of provinces, with the TVB forming a cluster with the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruzan, and Sierra Madre del Sur for both amphibians and reptiles. Conservation assessments indicate that a significant proportion of the amphibian and reptile species in the TVB are at risk, primarily due to habitat loss from urbanization, agriculture, and pollution. Urgent conservation actions are needed to protect the unique herpetofauna of the TVB from further decline. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 15:55:03 +0300
- Phylogeography and genetic population structure of the endangered
bitterling Acheilognathus tabira tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914
(Cyprinidae) in western Honshu, Japan, inferred from mitochondrial DNA
sequences
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 19-36
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.111745
Authors : Gen Ito, Naoto Koyama, Ryota Noguchi, Ryoichi Tabata, Seigo Kawase, Jyun-ichi Kitamura, Yasunori Koya : We examined the genetic population structure of the endangered freshwater cyprinid Acheilognathus tabira tabira in the Japanese archipelago, which has only been analyzed in limited sampling in previous studies, based on cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial gene. We confirmed the existence of the same three lineages determined in the previous study, the natural distribution area of Lineage I and II+III were considered to be the Seto Inland Sea and Ise Bay regions, respectively. Furthermore, the Seto Inland Sea region population was divided into five groups inhabiting neighboring water systems using the spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). We estimated that populations in the Seto Inland Sea region migrated through a single paleowater system during the last glacial period and were then separated and genetically differentiated due to marine transgression. The Yoshino River system population was estimated to be a non-native population because it belonged to the same group as the Lake Biwa-Yodo River system, which is the only separate water system across the Seto Inland Sea. This study provides new evidence of genetic differentiation in A. t. tabira populations within the Seto Inland Sea region, where genetic differentiation has not been detected in previous studies, corresponding to five different groups by significantly increasing the number of individuals and sites compared with previous studies. Therefore, we propose these five groups as conservation units in the Seto Inland Sea region. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 15:55:02 +0300
- Under the lion’s paw: lion farming in South Africa and the illegal
international bone trade
Abstract: Nature Conservation 56: 1-17
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.56.124555
Authors : Angie Elwin, Eyob Asfaw, Neil D’Cruze : The African lion Panthera leo is subject to numerous anthropogenic pressures across its natural range. In South Africa, although free ranging populations are increasing, the number of lions in captivity in private commercial facilities far outnumber those in the wild. South Africa’s captive lion industry was reportedly created primarily to generate income and take pressure off wild populations through the supply of captive-bred lions for trophy hunting. However, the industry has become a highly contentious topic under ongoing international scrutiny and debate. Here, we present new information from direct interviews with workers at two closed-access lion facilities located in North West Province, on how some facilities continue to use legal activities, such as captive breeding and hunting, to facilitate their involvement in the illegal international felid bone trade. The sources also report other illegal and unethical activities including animal welfare violations, unsafe conditions for workers, potential shifts to the commercial exploitation of other felid species such as tigers Panthera tigris and incidents involving poaching of captive lions and tigers by non-affiliated actors. Sources described how some facilities use various tools and tactics, such as security cameras, patrols and messaging apps to avoid detection during inspections. If the South African Government is to be successful in meeting its publicly stated goal of ending the captive lion industry, a comprehensive well-managed plan to transition away from current practices is required. To aid enforcement, the industry should also be fully audited, with all facilities officially registered, a moratorium on the breeding of lions and plans put in place to prevent the stockpiling of lion bones. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 15:55:01 +0300
- Building a global-oriented ecological civilization: Huzhou’s actions
and practice, China
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 343-362
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.121941
Authors : Pengcheng Ye, Xiao Zhao, Jianyong Wu : Biodiversity, ecosystems and the services they provide are crucial to the sustainable development of cities, the health and well-being of residents and the maintenance of urban ecological security. The continued decline of global species biodiversity and ecosystem service function has seriously affected the sustainable development of regional social economy. The core of ecological civilization thought is sustainable development, and promoting sustainable development is also the path and means to achieve ecological civilization. As the significant birthplace of ecological civilization thought of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”, Huzhou has always been committed to creating an “important window” for building an ecological civilization and actively integrating biodiversity conservation into ecological conservation. Through unremitting efforts in recent decades, Huzhou has successfully achieved green sustainable development and reversed the trend of biodiversity loss. Thus, there is a need for a systematic review of successful initiatives in this region and identify the experiences and methods that can advance the sustainable development also in other parts of the world. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Fri, 12 Jul 2024 21:15:15 +030
- Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees: resilience to pollution caused by stone
quarries
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 321-341
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.124893
Authors : Adriana Petruș-Vancea, Daniela Nicoleta Pop, Felicia Nicoleta Sucea, Amalia-Raluca Dumbravă, Simona Ioana Vicaș, Oana Stănășel, Traian Octavian Costea, Diana Cupșa : This study aimed to analyze the effect of pollution caused by stone quarries on the morpho-anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology of a medicinal wild bramble Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees. Samples were collected from two natural protected areas: Iron Gates Natural Park and Jiu Gorge National Park, both located in the southwestern part of Romania, and two unpolluted areas from these parks as background sites. We carried out the following analyses on the collected leaves of this taxon: morphology, micromorphology, anatomy, assimilating pigments, heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe), dry mass, bioactive compounds (total phenols and flavonoids), and antioxidant capacity. The results showed more stomata, higher amounts of assimilating pigments, higher amounts of heavy metals (especially lead), less dry mass, less phenols, and more flavonoids in Rubus plicatus leaves from polluted areas compared to areas without sources of pollution. The increased number of stomata and the amounts of assimilator pigments revealed the mechanisms developed by this species in order to survive in polluted conditions. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 8 Jul 2024 20:15:11 +0300
- Applying landscape ecological principles in comprehensive landscape
protection: Šumava National Park as a case study
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 297-320
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.119797
Authors : Tomáš Janík, Dušan Romportl, Zdenka Křenová : In the face of ongoing anthropogenic pressure and biodiversity loss, there is a need to protect nature more effectively. Therefore, we propose a comprehensive and consecutive approach utilising landscape ecological principles and methods for effective landscape protection and spatial nature conservation. Methods applicable in various conditions are exemplified through case studies from the Šumava National Park, the largest NP in Czechia. Using a set of spatial environmental, landscape ecological and geographical data we can: Characterise the area of interest from the physical-geographical, socioeconomic, and management point of view to create the concept´s framework and review important background information for analysis of the area. Therefore, the key factors for landscape protection and biodiversity conservation are defined. Analyse trends and processes of landscape dynamics in terms of land cover, landscape structure and habitat fragmentation and connectivity, which helps us to set main objectives of landscape protection and nature conservation. Use data about environment conditions and key species and habitat occurrence to model habitat suitability, identify their suitable areas, and thus improve their protection. As a result, areas of high conservation value are distinguished. Synthetize outputs of the above-mentioned steps and prioritise the target goals of landscape protection and biodiversity conservation in the area of interest. This leads to the effective zonation, which is a necessary condition for the application of appropriate management measures. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 17:47:56 +0300
- Spatial distribution models and biodiversity of phytoplankton cysts in the
Black Sea
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 269-296
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.121181
Authors : Nina Dzhembekova, Ivelina Zlateva, Fernando Rubino, Manuela Belmonte, Valentina Doncheva, Ivan Popov, Snejana Moncheva : The current study employed diverse statistical and machine learning techniques to investigate the biodiversity and spatial distribution of phytoplankton cysts in the Black Sea. The MaxEnt distribution modeling technique was used to forecast the habitat suitability for the cysts of three potentially toxic microalgal taxa (Lingulodinium polyedra, Polykrikos hartmannii, and Alexandrium spp.). The key variables controlling the habitat suitability of Alexandrium spp. and L. polyedra were nitrates and temperature, while for the P. hartmannii cysts, nitrates and salinity. The region with the highest likelihood of L. polyedra cyst occurrence appears to be in the western coastal and shelf waters, which coincides with the areas where L. polyedra red tides have been documented. The projected habitat suitability of the examined species partially overlapped, perhaps as a result of their cohabitation within the phytoplankton community and shared preferences for specific environmental conditions, demonstrating similar survival strategies. The north-western region of the Black Sea was found to be the most suitable environment for the studied potentially toxic species, presumably posing a greater risk for the onset of blooming events. Two distinct aspects of cysts’ ecology and settlement were observed: the dispersal of cysts concerns their movement within the water column from one place to another prior to settling, while habitat suitability pertains to the particular environment required for their survival, growth, and germination. Therefore, it is crucial to validate the model in order to accurately determine a suitable habitat as well as understand the transportation patterns linked to the particular hydrodynamic properties of the water column and the distinct features of the local environment. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Tue, 4 Jun 2024 10:23:58 +0300
- Unveiling prey preferences of endangered wild Malayan tiger, Panthera
tigris jacksoni, in Peninsular Malaysia through scat analysis via COI DNA
metabarcoding
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 249-268
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.114211
Authors : Millawati Gani, Frankie Thomas Sitam, Zubaidah Kamarudin, Siti Suzana Selamat, Nik Mohd Zamani Awang, Hani Nabilia Muhd-Sahimi, Michael Wong, Baharim Selat, Nur Fatin Khairunnisa Abdullah-Halim, Lim Shu Yong, Ling Fong Yoke, Salmah Yaakop, Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan, Badrul Munir Md-Zain : Understanding the prey preference of Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) in Malaysia is important to guide conservation planning initiatives. The utilisation of DNA metabarcoding provides valuable insights, particularly in the field of carnivora diet research. This technique has been proven to be effective for identifying various species within complex mixtures such as scat materials, where visual identification is challenging. The Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) locus has been selected as it is a widely used as an effective non-invasive approach for diet studies. Hence, given this advance approach, Malayan tiger scats were collected on the basis of existing records of their presence in two types of habitats, namely, protected areas (PA) and human–tiger conflict (HTC) areas. This study aimed to identify prey species in Peninsular Malaysia, based on Malayan tiger scat samples using DNA metabarcoding. Based on the partial mitochondrial COI region, DNA metabarcoding led to the taxonomic resolution of prey DNA remnants in scats and the identification of prey species consumed by Malayan tiger, which were predominately small-to-medium-sized prey, including livestock. The dominant DNA prey detected belongs to the family Canidae, followed by Bovidae, Vespertilionidae, Homonidae, Felidae, Phasianidae and Muridae. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in alpha and beta diversity using the Shannon index and PERMANOVA with regard to prey richness and evenness in two different habitat groups, namely, PA and HTC. Our finding provides insights into Malayan tiger dietary requirements, which can be used to develop conservation plans and strategies for Malayan tiger, particularly for habitat priorities. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Wed, 22 May 2024 10:08:45 +030
- Paleoclimate changes and ecosystem responses of the Bulgarian Black Sea
zone during the last 26000 years
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 201-248
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.121842
Authors : Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Danail Pavlov, Krasimira Slavova : Multi-proxy analysis (spore-pollen, dinoflagellate cysts, other non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), radiocarbon dating and lithology) was performed on marine sediments from three new cores retrieved during the two cruise expeditions on board the Research Vessel “Akademik” in 2009 and 2011. The Varna transect comprises three cores extending from the outer shelf, continental slope and deep-water zone. The record spans the last 26000 years (all ages obtained in this study are given in calendar years BP (cal. yrs BP)). The pollen record reveals the spreading of steppe vegetation dominated by Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, suggesting cold and dry environments during the Late Pleniglacial – Oldest Dryas (25903–15612 cal. yrs BP). Stands of Pinus and Quercus reflect warming/humidity increase during the melting pulses (19.2–14.5 cal. ka BP) and the Late Glacial interstadials Bølling and Allerød. The Younger Dryas (13257–11788 cal. yrs BP) coldest and driest environments are clearly demonstrated by the maximum relative abundance of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae. During the Early Holocene (Preboreal and Boreal chronozones, 11788–8004 cal. yrs BP), Quercus appeared as a pioneer species and, along with other temperate deciduous arboreal taxa, formed open deciduous forests as a response to the increased temperature. The rapid expansion of these taxa indicates that they survived in Glacial refugia in the coastal mountains. During the Atlantic chronozone (8004–5483 cal. yrs BP), optimal climate conditions (high humidity and increased mean annual temperatures) stimulated the establishment of species-rich mixed temperate deciduous forests. During the Subboreal chronozone (5483–2837 cal. yrs BP), Carpinus betulus and Fagus expanded simultaneously and became more important components of mixed oak forests and probably also formed separate communities. During the Subatlantic chronozone (2837 cal. yrs BP to pre-industrial time), climate-driven changes (an increase of humidity and a cooling of the climate) appear to be the main drivers of the specific vegetation succession expressed by increased abundance of Alnus, Fraxinus excelsior and Salix along with lianas, suggesting formation of flooded riparian forests (so called ‘Longoz’) lining the river valleys along the Black Sea coast. The first indicators of farming and other human activities have been recorded since 7074 cal. yrs BP. The dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblages have been analysed to assess the changes in the Black Sea environment over the last 26000 years in terms of fluctuation in paleoproduction and surface water conditions related to changes in climate, freshwater input and Mediterranean water intrusion. Two major dinocyst assemblages were distinguished: one dominated by stenohaline freshwater/brackish-water species and a successive one dominated by euryhaline marine species. The changes in the composition of the assemblages occurred at 7668 cal. yrs BP. The abrupt decrease of stenohaline freshwater/brackish-water species Pyxidinopsis psilata and Spiniferites cruciformis was followed upwards by a gradual increase in euryhaline marine species, such as Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Spiniferites belerius, S. bentorii and acritarch Cymatiosphaera globulosa. The first occurrence of euryhaline marine species took place synchronously with the onset of sapropel deposition. Modern marine conditions were established after 6417 cal yrs BP when an abundance of Mediterranean-related species, such as Operculodinium centrocarpum and Spiniferites mirabilis, along with other heterotrophic species, occurred. After the stable cold and dry environment during the Last Glacial Maximum, the phytoplankton record of core AKAD 11-17 shows that Pediastrum boryanum var. boryanum has a cyclical abundance associated with the deposition of four red-brown clay layers between 19.2 and 14.5 cal. ka BP. This event is associated with the major melting phase of European Ice drained by the Danube and Dnieper Rivers in response to climate warming observed after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. During the Early Holocene, P. psilata, characterised by a preference to warmer temperatures, demonstrates its ecological optimum for growth concerning SST reaching maximum relative abundance of 94% between 11072 and 8638 cal. yrs BP. This maximum was interrupted by an abrupt significant short-term decrease in the relative abundance of P. psilata centred between 8500 and 8300 cal. yrs BP reflecting cold conditions similar to those of Younger Dryas. This finding, also confirmed by the rapid significant decrease of arboreal pollen, particularly of Quercus in the same studied core, is considered a regional expression of the well-known ‘8.2 ka cold event’ which is commonly linked to a meltwater-related perturbation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and associated collapse of oceanic northward heat transport. Our fossil pollen and dinocyst data confirm that the high amplitude temperature anomaly associated with ‘the 8.2 ka cold event’ may have also occurred in south-eastern Europe, at lower latitudes of the western Black Sea coastal area, most probably due to atmospheric transition and/or river discharge. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Tue, 21 May 2024 16:30:24 +030
- Recent changes in tropical-dry-forest connectivity within the Balsas Basin
Biogeographic Province: potential effects on endemic-bird distributions
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 177-199
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.120594
Authors : Alejandra Galindo-Cruz, Francisco Javier Sahagún-Sánchez, Fabiola López-Barrera, Octavio Rojas-Soto : Maintaining landscape connectivity is a conservation priority for biodiversity as it may mitigate the adverse effects of forest degradation, fragmentation, and climate change by facilitating species dispersal. Despite their importance for biodiversity conservation, Mexican tropical dry forests (TDFs) face high fragmentation rates due to anthropogenic activities. In this study, we analyzed the connectivity dynamics of TDFs in the Balsas Basin Biogeographic Province (BBBP) between 2013 and 2018, focusing on old-growth and secondary TDF covers, including Protected Areas and Important Bird Areas. We evaluated the effects of connectivity loss and gain on the distribution areas of 30 endemic bird species with ecological associations with TDFs in the BBBP. We found expansion in TDFs accounting for a total increase of 227,905 ha due to secondary forest increase (12%). In contrast, old-growth forests experienced a reduction of 66,576 ha in the study area (8%). We also found a decrease in areas with high and very-high connectivity, coupled with an increase in low connectivity, except for TDFs inside Protected Areas, which increased by 3,000 ha, leading to higher connectivity. There was an increase in total forest cover in 27 species’ potential distribution, highlighting the possible role of secondary forests in promoting connectivity between old-growth forest patches. Our results reveal the complex dynamics between forest types, connectivity, and bird-species distributions. Despite an overall increase in forested areas, most TDFs continue to have low connectivity, likely impacting biodiversity, particularly for species that rely on highly conserved ecosystems. This study underscores the importance of integrated conservation strategies considering connectivity, forest recovery, and the dynamics of species-ecosystem interactions. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 16 May 2024 21:36:38 +030
- Prioritising areas for conservation within Tropical Important Plant Areas
of the British Virgin Islands, Caribbean
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 153-176
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.116844
Authors : Michalla Alicja Dolata, Nancy Woodfield-Pascoe, Thomas Heller, Michele Dani Sanchez, Sara Bárrios, Steven R. Schill, Patrik Karlsson Nyed, Martin Allen Hamilton, Keith Grant, Colin Clubbe, Bo Dalsgaard : Oceanic islands are particularly vulnerable to the global decline of biological diversity, suffering disproportionally large losses of endemic species. A primary tool for mitigating species loss is the establishment of protected area networks. The 2030 Global Biodiversity Framework target calls for the protection of 30% of Earth’s land surface by 2030. This study identifies areas within the Tropical Important Plant Areas network of the British Virgin Islands (BVI), to better inform the expansion of the current protected area network with the objective of conserving the BVI’s unique flora. We identified and applied conservation targets for five threatened habitats and 34 species of conservation concern, including four endemic to the BVI. A total of 5,248 georeferenced plant records for the 34 species collected through decades of collaborative work between the National Parks Trust of the Virgin Islands and the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, along with the distribution of five threatened habitats were used within the decision support system MARXAN to identify four spatial portfolios to guide the expansion of the BVI’s current protected area network. Highlighting the need to expand the current (2007–2017) Protected Areas System Plan in the BVI, we found that the current Plan only covers 15% of terrestrial land and does not meet the conservation targets for plants and habitats. The portfolios identified in our analysis efficiently expand the current Protected Areas System Plan to strategically expand coverage for all conservation features, with two main portfolios reaching all defined conservation targets for protection. Notably, to evaluate options not requiring land purchase, we extracted areas within state-owned Crown land from two main identified portfolios and found that the two Crown land-portfolios could protect 28% and 23% of the BVI, respectively, while meeting the targets for most plants of conservation concern. However, to reach 30% land protection and meet the conservation targets for all plant species, including endemics, private land would need to be considered for this inclusion within the protected area network. Our results provide science-based guidance for the selection of candidate protected area expansion sites that include threatened plants and habitats for reaching the 2030 Biodiversity Framework targets. While systematic conservation planning can provide guidance on protected area expansion, it is important to evaluate and prioritise conservation actions, based on multiple solutions and available resources. We recommend similar approaches are applied more broadly throughout the Caribbean and other archipelagos across the world. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 10:08:40 +030
- The greater the proportion of Robinia pseudoacacia in a stand the greater
its effect on the population characteristics of Erythronium dens-canis
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 135-151
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.112272
Authors : Bálint Pacsai, Emese Anna Bognár, Bence Fülöp, Vivien Lábadi, Judit Bódis : Management of invasive alien plants is an increasing problem throughout the world. In some cases native rare or protected species can appear or even prefer habitats dominated by invasive alien plants, which raises questions about the optimal treatment of such areas. Erythronium dens-canis in Hungary is a protected species which only have several occurrences in the country and a number of these populations situated in Robinia pseudoacacia stands developed after harvesting native forests. In this study a total of five populations of E. dens-canis were surveyed between 2020 and 2022 in southwestern Hungary examining and comparing the ongoing demographic changes under native and Robinia stands by monitoring individual plants. Two populations were situated in forests composed of native tree species, two in Robinia pseudoacacia-dominated stands and one in a Robinia-native tree species mixed stand. We categorized the plants into five age-state categories: dormant, seedling, juvenile, vegetative adult, and reproductive adult. We found some considerable differences (e.g. leaf size, reproduction rate) between the populations situated in native and in Robinia stands, whereas the population in mixed forest showed intermediate character in most examined factors. Based on our results, R. pseudoacacia have a significant effect on the phenology and life history of E. dens-canis, and this effect is greater with higher proportion of R. pseudoacacia in a forest stand where the E. dens-canis occurs. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 8 Apr 2024 11:27:38 +0300
- Effects of management, habitat and landscape characteristics on
biodiversity of orchard meadows in Central Europe: A brief review
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 103-134
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.108688
Authors : Cornelia Sattler, Julian Schrader, Marie-Luise Hüttner, Klaus Henle : Increasing agricultural intensification, combined with land transformation and fragmentation, poses significant threats to biodiversity. While extensively cultivated landscapes serve as vital refuges against biodiversity loss, they are modified by land abandonment and intensification. Orchard meadows in Central Europe represent traditional extensive land management systems, exhibiting high biodiversity. Comprising cultivated grasslands and scattered fruit trees, orchard meadows feature structures rich in different habitats supporting a diverse flora and fauna. However, their decreasing economic importance in recent decades has resulted in severe degradation or abandonment. Despite their importance for biodiversity conservation, there remains no comprehensive overview of orchard meadow biodiversity and management in Central Europe. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge on orchard meadows’ role in biodiversity conservation and the effects of management practices on habitat diversity and quality at both smaller (structure and microhabitats, local scale) and larger scales (surrounding landscape, regional scale). The first part focuses on orchard meadow biodiversity, including both plants and animals and their link to landscape-scale factors. Biodiversity in orchard meadows is predominantly affected by patch size, determining species richness and composition, and connectivity to neighbouring orchard meadows, influencing species migration and recolonization success. The second part evaluates management impacts, illustrating differences in the benefits of mowing versus grazing across taxonomic groups. An intermediate management intensity for orchard meadows determines their conservation value in terms of species composition, varying among different taxonomic groups. To prevent area loss and abandonment of orchard meadows, we advocate for political and public support, along with incentives for farmers to maintain their biodiversity. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 28 Mar 2024 18:11:51 +020
- Linking sufficiency and the protection of biodiversity: An issue of
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 83-102
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.118243
Authors : Marianne Hachtmann : The dramatic loss of biodiversity is caused by the use of resources and land. One strategy aiming at reducing the use of resources and land is sufficiency, which consequently could be a strategy for protecting biodiversity. This article therefore examines the extent to which sufficiency in the context of biodiversity conservation is already being addressed by nature conservation associations and the scientific community. To this end, publications were analysed firstly with regards to the understanding of sufficiency, secondly with regards to the considered links between sufficiency and biodiversity as well as thirdly with regards to the considered fields of action. The systematic identification and evaluation of scientific publications (for the years 2017–2021) and publications by German and international nature conservation associations shows that few publications address the link between sufficiency and biodiversity. And when they do, the link often remains unspecific. Possible reasons are that sufficiency potentially has broader political implications, that the term is not descriptive and that other terms are used to describe similar strategies. Other potential explanations are that several framings for the need for sufficiency are possible and that linking sufficiency and biodiversity requires interdisciplinarity. Drawing on the results and the discussion, an argument in favour of using the term ‘sufficiency’ and further research is presented. Moreover, a sufficiency typology is developed and questions are raised that could form the basis for future research on linking biodiversity conservation and the various aspects of sufficiency. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Thu, 28 Mar 2024 18:06:23 +020
- Climatic niche modelling and genetic analyses highlight conservation
priorities for the Spotted Softshell Turtle (Pelodiscus variegatus)
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 67-82
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.114746
Authors : Minh Duc Le, Dennis Rödder, Tao Thien Nguyen, Cuong The Pham, Truong Quang Nguyen, An Vinh Ong, Timothy E. M. McCormack, Thang Tai Nguyen, Mai Huyen Le, Hanh Thi Ngo, Thomas Ziegler : The Spotted Softshell Turtle (Pelodiscus variegatus) has been recognised since 2019 from Vietnam and Hainan Island, China, but little information about its population status and distribution range is currently available. The species has been provisionally listed as Critically Endangered by the Turtle and Tortoise Working Group, although the status has not been officially accepted by the IUCN, due to the threats the species is facing, including habitat loss and degradation, overexploitation for food, competition with other non-native softshell turtles and pollution. To identify conservation priority sites for P. variegatus in mainland Indochina, this study combines molecular analyses and species distribution modelling. Our results show that, in Vietnam, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park has the largest suitable area and high probability of species occurrence, followed by Vu Quang National Park and Song Thanh and Ke Go Nature Reserves. In addition, the central provinces, from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien Hue in Vietnam, constitute a key part of the species distribution and should be prioritised for conservation actions. According to the study’s findings, although P. variegatus is possibly found in Laos, the probability decreases sharply at the border between both countries and there is also a gap in the occurrence of wetlands, arguing for strong natural barriers. Unfortunately, to date, only part of the species potential distribution is protected, while no records are known from protected areas, highlighting the need for extended or even new reserves. To recover natural populations of the species and following the IUCN’s One Plan Approach to Conservation, breeding programmes have been established in Vietnam with a potential to expand to other facilities in the country and abroad. Once suitable sites are identified, offspring can be released into the protected areas to improve the current conservation status of this highly-threatened softshell turtle. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 16:51:02 +020
- A detailed assessment of the land cover development in a territory with
dispersed settlement area (case study Hriňová – Snohy, Slovakia)
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 41-65
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.111246
Authors : Katarína Švoňavová, Vladimír Falťan, Veronika Piscová, Vladimír Šagát, František Petrovič : This study focuses on the development of the landscape during a period of significant social changes in Central Europe from the middle of the 20th century, and evaluates the impact of the selected natural factors on landscape dynamics in the Snohy dispersed settlement area (cadaster of Hriňová, Slovakia). During the periods of feudalism and the democratic Czechoslovak Republic after 1918, private ownership of land prevailed on the territory of Slovakia. After 1948, in the period of the socialist establishment, the municipality was one of the few localities without collectivisation. We focused on the state and changes to the landscape structure based on remote sensing data analysis (1949, 2003, and 2018), as well as field research and archive photographs inspection. The study area is a part of the proposed Special Area of Conservation SKUEV4026 Meadows of Poľana and is situated near the border between the transition and buffer zones of the Poľana Biosphere Reserve. The state of land cover and its changes have been evaluated using a CORINE Land Cover modification at the 5th level. Results showed that the influence of the slope on agricultural extensification, deforestation, and afforestation, was the most pronounced. Since 1949, more than half of the land cover has changed across the study area. The most extensive changes were recorded in the spatial structure and composition of forest communities. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 12:08:07 +020
- Environmental characteristics, including soil and vegetation composition,
in relation to the occurrence patterns of an endangered lizard, Eremias
argus, in a fluvial island, South Korea
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 21-39
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.113483
Authors : Eunhee Cho, Deokjoo Son : Eremias argus, known as the Mongolian racerunner, is a reptile that has been designated as a level II endangered species in South Korea since 2005 despite being listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Particular vegetation and soil characteristics are critical components of the habitat of E. argus, which is an ectotherm. However, research on the environmental characteristics of E. argus living on a fluvial island is lacking. This study sought to characterize the soil environmental factors and vegetation composition of E. argus habitats on Doriseom Island, South Korea by dividing the island into an area in which E. argus occurred frequently (F zone) and an area in which E. argus occurred rarely (R zone). Both soil hardness and cobble cover were significantly higher in the R zone (soil hardness: 1.6 ± 0.2 kg‧cm-2, mean ± standard error; cobble cover: 40 ± 5%) than in the F zone (soil hardness: 0.9 ± 0.1 kg‧cm-2; cobble cover: 18 ± 3%). Plant litter cover did not differ significantly based on E. argus occurrence. The vegetation composition within F and R zones appeared distinct, though Coreopsis lanceolata dominated both zones. A sand dune sedge, Carex pumila, thrived in F zone sites, where soil hardness was low, while the endemic Aster danyangensis, which prefers cobble areas, was found largely in the R zone. In conclusion, E. argus was most commonly found in areas with low soil hardness dominated by dune vegetation. Understanding endangered species’ habitat requirements can provide important clues for establishing conservation plans and restoration measures. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Tue, 30 Jan 2024 16:40:45 +020
- Effects of management complexity on the composition, plant functional
dominance relationships and physiognomy of high nature value grasslands
Abstract: Nature Conservation 55: 1-19
DOI : 10.3897/natureconservation.55.114385
Authors : Róbert Kun, Dániel Babai, András István Csathó, Arnold Erdélyi, Judit Hartdégen, Attila Lengyel, Nikoletta Kálmán, András Mártonffy, Alida Anna Hábenczyus, Zsófia Szegleti, Ákos Vig, András Máté, Ákos Malatinszky, Tímea Tóth, Csaba Vadász : A significant proportion of Europe’s species-rich grasslands are semi-natural habitats. They have a long history of traditional management. Several studies have been carried out to conserve them, resulting in the establishment of subsidised conservation management schemes. On the other hand, many of these conservation management schemes have failed to provide locally adaptive solutions to maintain the diversity and functional status of species-rich grasslands. In addition, few studies have compared the conservation effectiveness of different levels of management complexity. The levels of management complexity in our study are based on how different management types (e.g. grazing and mowing etc.) and how different herbage removal intensities (e.g. lower and higher grazing intensities) are combined within and between years. To investigate this, we compared the overall effects of management complexity, herbage removal intensity and management type on plant diversity, plant functional type dominance relationships and plant physiognomy. Our field sampling was carried out in the sandy meso-xeric grasslands of the Turján Region of the Great Hungarian Plain (Central Hungary). We sampled nine 2 m × 2 m plots per grassland site (n = 12), recorded all the rooted plant species and estimated their percentage cover in each plot. High level of management complexity had significant positive effects on plant diversity, grazing had positive effects on plant diversity and phanerophyte density, while the studied levels of herbage removal intensity had no effect on diversity, plant functional types or plant physiognomy. In parallel, mowing and/or low levels of management complexity had some negative effects on conservation value (e.g. lower Shannon and Simpson diversity). In this landscape, the dominance of grazing and the more complex management is more optimal than relatively homogeneous mechanical mowing. The choice of management type and intensity is an important tool in the conservation management system of this landscape, but so too is its appropriate application in space and time. Through a detailed analysis of the effects of management complexity levels compared to management types and herbage removal intensity levels, we provide a new opportunity to make grassland management practices more effective for conserving biodiversity in this region, but it would be important to investigate these in different landscapes and conditions. HTML XML PDF
PubDate: Tue, 9 Jan 2024 09:42:05 +0200
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