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Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
Number of Followers: 0  Open Access journalISSN (Online) 1558-9250 Published by Sage Publications  [1176 journals]
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- Enhancing airflow dynamics in airjet spinning: A machine learning approach
to optimize nozzle design
Authors: Anja Koetzsch, Thomas Weide
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This research delves into using machine learning techniques to enhance the airflow dynamics in Airjet spinning. It focuses on understanding the factors that affect airflow by examining components of a spinning nozzle including the fiber inlet element, injector nozzle and spinning spindle. A prototype Airjet spinning nozzle was developed to evaluate the Intake Airflow and Airflow Rate, which serve as the basis for a simulation model. A total of 501 data points were empirically gathered, and machine learning methods were applied to uncover patterns and make predictions. The study combines conventional measurement techniques with data analysis tools, like linear regression, decision trees, random forest and support vector regression. After developing a applicable machine learning tool, the hyperparameters are optimized with the goal to improve the model’s reliability. Following this optimization process it was found that the CatBoost model outperformed ML models in terms of all performance metrics. Furthermore insights, into how nozzle features impact airflow dynamics were obtained through sHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. The results indicate that specific nozzle design parameters play a significant role in improving airflow dynamics. Integrating machine learning techniques into the design process marks a departure from conventional empirical methods. This scientific method allows for a more rapid and precise Airjet nozzle design process, fostering innovation in textile manufacturing technology.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-08-07T05:42:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241267000
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Preparation and performance of phase change thermoregulating fabric with
high heat storage density via spray coating
Authors: Xiyan Lang, Xuexue Xiang, Jing Gao
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
To achieve the efficient encapsulation of microencapsulated phase change materials (mPCMs) and the one-step preparation of a phase change fabric, we prepared self-adhesive phase change microcapsules. By adding sticky polymers during the preparation of the phase change microcapsules, the microcapsule preparation and thermoregulation finishing steps were integrated into a single process to realize the fast and efficient preparation of phase change thermoregulating fabrics with high energy storage density. A sticky polymer polyvinyl alcohol solution used instead of conventional water as the continuous phase medium for emulsion polymerization to synthesize sticky mPCMs in the emulsions, enabling their application in fabrics via rapid spraying. The micromorphology, chemical structure, thermal properties, dynamic heat storage and temperature regulation performance of the phase change fabrics with mPCMs were subsequently studied, revealing the successful preparation and effective adhesion of the mPCMs to the interior of the fabric. After about 10 min under simulated sunlight, the fabric treated with mPCMs exhibited a 14°C temperature buffering impact within the phase change temperature (~26°C) compared with the untreated fabric. The treated fabric also had a 4.5°C lower surface temperature upon reaching thermal equilibrium after 30 min, lead to the slower rise in the fabric temperature. Our approach simplified the preparation method into a one-step process to provide phase change thermoregulating fabrics with high heat storage density. These findings further demonstrated the potential of microencapsulated n-octadecane for thermal management applications, including automotive interiors, heat protection suits, sports clothing, thermoregulating covers for buildings and other commercial applications.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-08-02T08:59:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241266976
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Development and application of fused deposition molding 3D printing
technology in textile and fashion design
Authors: Shuai Li
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is utilized in the textile and apparel industry due to its adaptability, low cost, and high productivity. Promoting the efficient, diversified, and sustainable development of the textile and apparel industry, and to broaden the scope of application for FDM technology. This paper discusses the fundamental principles, design, and manufacturing processes of FDM printing of textiles and garments, as well as a summary of the commonly used materials for FDM printing of textiles and garments and their associated performance parameters. By examining the forming quality of textiles and garments, we analyze the influencing factors in the four phases of computer aided design (CAD) modeling, model slicing, forming processing, and post-finishing, and propose solutions to potential issues. Finally, case studies are used to summarise the primary applications of FDM in textile and apparel manufacturing, and the challenges and prospects of FDM in textiles and apparel are discussed. The application of FDM in the textiles and apparel industry not only promotes the advancement of manufacturing technology innovation, but also demonstrates a broader range of application value in terms of design development, functional properties, material combinations, and other factors.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-08-01T05:12:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241266977
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Classification and analysis of fabric types for shirts: A comparison
between virtual and real fabrics
Authors: Da Som Koo, Jae Sang An, Hye Jun Yoon
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The 3D virtual simulation technology is widely applied in the fashion industry tasks, including product planning such as 3D sample work, design development, marketing, and display, enabling styling of virtual models for differentiation. Achieving a digital representation of fabrics that closely resembles actual materials requires additional information obtained through experiments, beyond basic fabric characteristics like fiber content, weight, and thickness. However, research reflecting changes in fabric properties is relatively lacking. Therefore, this study aims to propose criteria for the physical characteristics of shirt fabrics and compare fit variations of virtual garments based on fabric properties to enhance the usability of virtual garment simulation. Thus, we compared and analyzed the characteristics and draping properties of shirt fabrics using two different fabric testing methods, KES-FB and CLO Fabric Kit, and investigated correlations based on each measurement device. Additionally, virtual clothing was performed based on various fabrics to compare clothing suitability. Consequently, we classified fabrics into three clusters for each measurement method and confirmed the characteristics of each cluster. Furthermore, by visually comparing the fit of shirts based on fabric properties, we observed changes in clothing pressure and deformation rate among clusters. Therefore, we believe that the results of this study can assist designers with low proficiency in 3D virtual garment production when applying virtual materials to designs. These findings are expected to be valuable for utilizing 3D virtual clothing simulations in the fashion industry for online sales and marketing, as well as in the gaming industry for avatar costume design.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-31T11:30:37Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241262318
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Effect of membrane morphology on the thermo-physiological comfort of
outdoor clothing
Authors: Roman Knížek, Maroš Tunák, Veronika Tunáková, Petra Honzíková
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This article examines the effect of membrane type and its morphology on the chosen thermo-physiological properties of the middle layer of outdoor clothing. In total four different membranes were selected for the production and analysis of three-layer laminates, which could replace the second and third layers of layered clothing for sports/outdoor purposes. As an outer and lining material a polyester knitted fabric with fleece was chosen, whereas the lamination technology was used to join the individual layers. Chosen properties affecting the thermo-physiological comfort of the laminates were evaluated, to be able to select a membrane that, in combination with the outer and inner layer, enabled the use of laminate as an upper clothing layer – a jacket, thereby replacing the necessity of using a second clothing layer. The following properties were chosen as crucial: thermal resistance, air permeability, vapor permeability (water vapor penetration), and hydrostatic pressure resistance. The utility value methodology was used to evaluate individual fleece-based laminates. For the completeness of this study, two types of commercially available three-layer laminates containing soft-shell fabric as the top layer were incorporated for comparison.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-30T10:49:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241265334
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Preparation and characterization of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) from
linseed straw fibers: As a potential alternative source of nanofillers in
polymer composites
Authors: Kibrom Feleke, Thothadri Ganesh, Habtamu Beri, Adil Murtaza
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Linseed straw is the stalk or stem of the linseed plant that remains after the seeds have been harvested. This agricultural waste is generated every year and is mostly left or burned in fields, causing environmental problems. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) from linseed straw fibers as a potential alternative source. The CNCs were isolated using sequential chlorine-free chemical and mechanical treatments, involving three main steps: pre-treatment, acid hydrolysis, and post-treatment. The isolated CNC was thoroughly characterized for its morphology, particle size, aspect ratio, crystallinity, crystallite size, cellulose polymorph, thermal properties, and chemical composition, compared to raw fiber (RF) and micro cellulose (MC). Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) were employed. The rod-like CNCs obtained exhibited a yield of 79.87 ± 1.35%, with a mean diameter of 7.06 ± 1.95 nm and a length of 66.14 ± 28.58 nm. The aspect ratio was measured at 10.02 ± 4.87 nm, with a crystallinity index of 73.29% and a crystallite size of 5.61 nm. Additionally, the CNCs displayed an average molecular weight of 2.36 × 104 g/mol, an average degree of polymerization of 146, and a peak decomposition temperature of 515°C. These results suggest that linseed straw fibers are a promising source for the production of CNC, which can effectively serve as a filler in polymer composites.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-27T12:05:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241265709
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Study on freshness, morphology, strength, and durability properties of
foamed concrete reinforced with agave fiber
Authors: Md Azree Othuman Mydin, Samadar S. Majeed, Alireza Bahrami, Anmar Dulaimi, Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç, Roshartini Omar, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Jagadesh Palanisamy, Paul Oluwaseun Awoyera
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Currently, foamed concrete (FC) is widely employed in building construction and civil engineering works, and by using abundant natural fibers in FC, significant environmental benefits can be obtained. The durability properties of the essential materials acting independently could well be enhanced if the appropriate proportion of natural fiber-strengthened FC were used in the correct volume. This study aimed to develop new composite materials composed of FC and agave fiber (AF). The objective was to ascertain the optimal proportion of AF to be added to FC to increase its durability performance. A low-density FC of 950 kg/m3 was fabricated utilizing varying percentages of AF, namely 0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6.0%, and 7.5%. The evaluated properties were the shrinkage, workability, density, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity, porosity, compressive strength, and elastic modulus. Using AFs in FC, the optimal shrinkage and ultrasonic pulse velocity were observed. When the weight fractions of AF were increased from 1% to 4.5% in the mixtures, the porosity, workability, and water absorption of FC were significantly reduced. In addition, FC showed a slight increase in the dry density with the rise in the AF’s weight fraction and the increase in the curing age from day-7 to day-56. This research delivers noteworthy data on the durability properties of FC-AF composites, allowing future researchers to study other properties like the structural performance, strength properties, and thermal conductivity of FC-AF composites.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-27T11:51:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241265701
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Identification and evaluation of optimal fiber shape for transverse
thermal conductivity of unidirectional composites
Authors: Meng Wang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
As a constituent of composites, fibers play a pivotal role in composites’ properties. In this study, an identification process for fiber shape is developed to enhance the transverse coefficient of thermal conductivity. The identification process is established by combining feedforward neural network, Kriging surrogate model and NSGA-II algorithm. The identification process leads to the discovery of an ellipse-like fiber shape which results in a 202.7% increase in thermal conductivity. However, the equivalent thermal conductivities of the models with ellipse-like fiber are highly dependent on fiber shape orientation. Another fiber shape, gear shape, is identified and a more than 100% increase in thermal conductivities is achieved along different fiber shape orientations. The effects of the fiber random distribution patterns are revealed with different fiber shapes considered. The results demonstrate that when the fiber random distribution pattern is considered, the thermal conductivity of model with gear fibers exhibits the largest increase due to the effects of fiber shape orientation. Furthermore, the equivalent transverse thermal conductivity can be enhanced by the non-circular fiber shapes only if the fiber-matrix thermal conductivity ratio is larger than a certain value which is dependent on the fiber shape. With the increase of the fiber volume fraction, the optimal fiber shape becomes more and more similar to the circular shape and the effects of non-circular fiber shape become less.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-27T11:31:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241262300
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Nonlocal theoretical inquiry into pultruded GFRP plate dynamics:
Integrating experimental and numerical analyses
Authors: Ibrahim Y Hakeem, Emrah Madenci, Alireza Bahrami, Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç, Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf, Taher A Tawfik, Sabry Fayed
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Few studies combining experimental and theoretical analyses of pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are available in the literature. In this study, experimental methods and a nonlocal theoretical approach were used to investigate the flexural performance of pultruded glass-FRP (GFRP) plates. In the theoretical method used, the Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory was adopted so that small-scale material effects on pultruded FRP composite plates were taken into account. Based on the plate theory of high-order shear deformation, the kinematic relationships of the composite plates were established. The stiffness matrix coefficients and tangential stiffness matrix were shown along with the nonlocal force vector. Also, finite element modeling was performed with the help of ABAQUS for the accuracy of experimental and theoretical results. For the analysis, a variety of laminated plate types were taken into consideration. The flexural performance was investigated utilizing flexural tests under point and distributed loads. To comprehend the behavior of the pultruded GFRP plates more fully, macro mechanical damage analyses were carried out. Numerical values were compared with experimental findings, theoretical solution results, and finite element simulation results which were found to be very similar.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-27T11:01:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241246072
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Numerical study on the effect of the stenters’ nozzle structure on
Authors: Jia-ao Dai, Yong fa Diao, Lei Zhang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Stenters play a crucial role in the post-treatment of fabric dyeing and finishing, which is mainly used for drying and heat setting. However, the influence of the orifice structure on the heat-moisture distribution characteristics of the fabric surface is not clear when the air duct sprays high-speed airflow. In this paper, the drying rate of fabrics under four different orifice types (circular orifice, elliptical orifice, square orifice, and slits orifice) are analyzed using numerical method, then the distribution characteristics of heat and moisture on the fabric surface are explored by accurately describing the gas-liquid conversion process. The results show that the elliptical orifice jet has the best heat-moisture distribution on the fabric surface and has a moderate drying rate compared to other orifice types, the decrease of jet height and the increase of orifice size will lead to the increase of fabric drying rate, the thermal action distance of the control region of elliptical orifice jet is obtained. Furthermore, multiple nonlinear methods were used to conduct regression analysis on the changes in fabric moisture content under the influence of the above factors. The numerical results have been verified by experiments, and the relative deviation is within 10%. The research is important for optimizing the air supply system of stenters and improving fabric product quality.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-25T08:56:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241265710
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Analysis of the multi-filament high-performance yarns’ dynamic failure
for impact resistance enhancement
Authors: Magdi El Messiry, Eman Eltahan, Shereen Fathy
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The dynamic failure behavior of multifilament high-performance yarns plays a crucial role in determining the impact resistance of advanced materials used in diverse applications such as aerospace, automotive, and protective textiles. The falling tower setup was designed to investigate the impact behavior of high-performance yarns. These models offer valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing yarn failure. The force-time curves of different yarn samples under various impact energies show that Kevlar and Vectran® have the highest values of impact-resisting force, 21.9 and 21.6 N, respectively. The resisting impact energy reaches between 3.5 and 4 mJ. Enhancement of the multifilament yarn’s impact resistance was achieved through applications of silicone finishes or hybrid yarns, in which the impact resistance force and time to failure exhibited an increase across various yarn types. The ratio of impact yarn resisting force to yarn tenacity was determined to be 6.73%, 6.05%, 11.29%, and 1.71% for Vectran, Kevlar 29, polyester, and carbon yarns, respectively. Additionally, their specific yarn impact toughness was measured at 2.69, 1.32, 0.54, and 0.16 mJ/tex. The application of a 20% silicon coating increased their specific yarn impact toughness to 11.81, 5.79, 3.58, and 0.51 mJ/tex, respectively. Hybrid continuous fibers are composite materials that blend various fiber types, including carbon, Kevlar, Vectran®, or polyester, to form a material with enhanced impact absorption energy, such as in the case of Kevlar/PET or Carbon-PET. The outcomes of these investigations substantially contribute to enhancing multi-filament high-performance yarns in various practical applications in systems subjected to dynamic loads.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-25T08:55:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241264509
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Measuring thoracic excursion using a wearable patch antenna
Authors: Julian Arango Toro, Sara María María Yepes Zuluaga, Willer Ferney Montes Granada
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
A patient’s respiratory rate can be measured based on the thoracic excursion during inhalation and exhalation. For this it was implemented a wearable antenna–sensor made of cotton/polyester (polycot) fabric and flexible copper was designed in electromagnetic field simulation software CST Studio Suite to operate at an industrial, scientific, and medical frequency band (ISM) of 2.4 GHz. The measurement protocol used involved conducting a thoracic anamnesis in order to manually measure the expansion of the thoracic cage during the patient’s inhalation and exhalation, as a way to validate the measurements. A wearable patch antenna was used as the thoracic deformation sensor, which allowed for anatomical adjustment to the curvature of the patients’ chests. According to the findings, the variation in the resonant frequency of the antenna–sensor was linear and decreasing in the range of 2.15–2.6 GHz (bandwidth of 450 MHz), allowing for the detection of linear changes in thoracic excursion, with a sensitivity inversely proportional to the applied effort of −2.56 MHz/µ[math]. These results were obtained by placing the sensor in the lateral region of the thorax for patients with obesity and respiratory pathologies. The satisfactory results demonstrate a novel instrumental technique for measuring thoracic deformation using a wearable patch antenna as a physiological sensor. This is the initial step toward the automation of the proposed measurement protocol in smart digital devices for respiratory rate monitoring in biomedical applications.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-07-25T05:12:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241255986
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Development of sustainable comfortable socks from recycled leno waste
Authors: Shahan Akhtar, Faheem Ahmad, Yasir Nawab, Abher Rasheed, Sheraz Ahmad, Farooq Azam
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Society’s growing concern for the environment has led to an increased emphasis on greener products and processes. While societies are becoming more accepting of this change, there are still significant challenges regarding the esthetic aspect of environmentally friendly products. Textiles, which are essential for providing cover and esthetics, contribute to environmental pollution through waste production. Currently, the production of hard waste yarn, a textile intermediate product, utilizes the OE (open-end) spinning method to make use of textile waste. However, this approach has limitations in terms of quality, as it results in yarn with low abrasion resistance, higher pilling, and poor physical appearance of garments. Consequently, consumers are less satisfied with these sustainable yarns, hindering their widespread use. This study focused on preparing ring-spun yarn from recovered fibers of leno waste and subsequently producing knitted fabrics from these yarns. The properties of these fabrics were analyzed and compared with fabrics made from 100% virgin ring spun yarn. The results revealed that the fiber reclaimed from leno waste had a higher content of short fibers. The yarn produced from these fibers exhibited higher imperfections, unevenness, and reduced strength as the percentage of reclaimed fibers increased. Socks made with an increasing percentage of leno waste showed higher thermal resistance. However, as the yarn became finer, the thermal resistance of the socks decreased. On the other hand, the air permeability of the socks increased with a finer yarn count. Overall, the moisture management of all samples was good, with coarser yarns exhibiting better moisture management in socks. An ANOVA approach was used to statistically evaluate the properties of the yarn and fabric. The conclusion drawn from the study was that these recycled yarns can be effectively utilized in the socks and denim industry without compromising quality.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-06-24T11:49:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241263282
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Research on fabrics stack separation and transfer method based on
Bernoulli suction cup non-contact grasping technology
Authors: Zihong Ma, Huimin Chen, Di Zhou, Mengmeng Ding, Xiaoli Yue
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Separating fabrics stack using mechanical devices is considered a major obstacle to automation in garment processing due to their low density, low bending stiffness, and air permeability. To address this challenge, this paper discusses the feasibility of using a non-contact Bernoulli suction cup for automated separation and transfer of fabrics stack. First, a theoretical analysis of the non-contact separation mechanism was carried out and a calculation model for the separation process parameters was proposed. Subsequently, based on the calculation model, to improve the success rate of separation, a novel gradual descent separation method was proposed by analyzing the variations of suction force of Bernoulli suction cup with process parameters. To address the problem of fabric instability and falling during non-contact transfer, a visual control method that uses machine vision technology to regulate the suction force was also introduced. Finally, the above methods were integrated to create a non-contact automatic fabrics stack separation and transfer system. The results show the following: (1) The deviation between the results of the calculation model and the measured results is 6.9%; (2) The success rate of stack separation using the gradual descent method is 96%; (3) The improved visual detector achieved a recognition accuracy of 0.982 for the sagging deformation of the fabric piece. The visual control suction method can stabilize the fabric within 300 ms at a transfer speed of 800–1000 mm/s. The method for non-contact automatic separation and transfer of fabrics stack proposed in this paper provides new ideas for related research and industrial applications.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-06-17T12:53:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241260839
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Fabric defect detection via saliency model based on adjacent context
coordination and transformer
Authors: Ruimin Yang, Na Guo, Bo Tian, Junpu Wang, Shanliang Liu, Miao Yu
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Fabric defect detection is a pivotal step in quality control in the textile manufacturing industry. Due to the diversity and complexity of defects, manual visual inspection and traditional fabric defect detection methods suffer from low efficiency and accuracy. To address the issues, a saliency model capable of mining local and global information from CNN and vision Transformer is proposed for fabric defect detection in this paper, named ACCTNet. Specifically, to enhance the feature interaction of different scales, an adjacent context coordination module composed of one local branch and two adjacent branches is proposed. Meanwhile, a contrast-aggregation module is proposed to highlight the defects from low contrast background using pooling and subtraction operations. In addition, vision Transformer is adopted to capture global contextual information with long-range dependencies, which can guide local information to further refines the defect detection results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately inspect the defects from plain and patterned fabric surfaces, achieving Em values of 78.49% and 97.19% respectively, which significantly surpasses the existing state-of-the-art fabric defect detection methods.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-06-16T03:29:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241258272
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Development of needle-punched nonwovens made from waste milkweed and PET
fibers
Authors: Rana Nur Tekbaş, Sevgi Karkın, Fehmi Cengiz, Murat Mula, Alper Gürarslan
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Despite the widespread usage and affordability of petroleum-based products, there has been tremendous effort in prioritizing and utilizing biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials. Untraditional natural fibers play a critical role in sustainability studies; however, fibers such as kapok and milkweed are quite expensive compared to other plant-based natural fibers such as cotton and flax. Therefore, it is critical to utilize these untraditional fibers in the most efficient manner that is possible. In this study, short milkweed fiber leftovers collected from the milkweed yarn spinning process were utilized as a filler material inside the needle-punched nonwoven fabrics. For this purpose, short milkweed fibers were blended with hollow polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers to develop nonwovens. Three different sets of weight/g fabrics were prepared for both only PET containing and short milkweed/PET blended fibers. Thickness, weight, tensile and bursting strength, thermal comfort, air permeability, and water contact angle measurements were conducted for the samples. Consequently, the thermal resistance of short milkweed/PET blended fabrics with similar weight increased by up to 34% compared to only PET-containing fabrics. Results indicate that valuable short milkweed fibers are suitable for developing nonwoven fabrics with comparable physical properties and superior thermal insulation properties.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-06-14T08:53:21Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241256748
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Development of a textile sheet mask design for facial care based on a 3D
face model of an average woman
Authors: Andreja Rudolf, Sonja Šterman, Andrej Cupar
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Facial cosmetics moisturise the skin and remove sebum and impurities to maintain healthy skin. Face masks are available on the market in various forms such as gel, emulsion, sheet and paste. The textile sheet mask for facial care is used by all women, regardless of age. This study deals with 3D scanning of women’s faces to create an average female 3D face model for the development of a textile sheet mask design for facial care. Screened Poisson surface reconstruction was used to create an average female 3D face model whose dimensions correspond to average dimensions of scanned female faces. A reliable average 3D face model of the women studied was therefore used to develop a textile sheet mask for facial care. A comparison of average facial measurements with the measurements of randomly selected masks on the market revealed differences. Therefore, a design for a textile sheet mask was developed based on average facial measurements and the average 3D face model of a woman and by using virtual prototyping. The use of software for prototyping and simulating the appearance of clothing has also proven to be effective in the development of a textile product such as a textile face mask. The developed pattern design of the textile sheet mask with optimal dimensions and shape adapts to the contours of an average woman’s face. This fulfils all the requirements for wearing comfort of the textile sheet mask around the eyes, nose and lips during facial care and enables efficient transfer of the serum from the textile sheet mask to the skin.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-06-10T06:11:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241254443
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- The tension fluctuation and packaging quality control of nonwoven winding
Authors: Yong Li, Tengteng Xia, Lei Li, Haowei Wang, Li Jian, Hongzhou Zhang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
In order to improve the package quality of nonwoven and reduce the defects in the nonwoven production process, the tension fluctuation in the winding process is studied. A winding device is built to package nonwoven, and the measured data of tension fluctuation is obtained. The tension fluctuation characteristic of the measured data is analyzed, and different tension fluctuation simulation curves have been set. Under different simulation curves, the corresponding package stress distribution is calculated, and the influence of tension fluctuation on package quality is analyzed. Accordingly, a fuzzy proportional integral differential (PID) control strategy is proposed to optimize the winding device to improve nonwoven product quality. Matlab establishes the PID and fuzzy PID simulation models, proving that fuzzy PID can significantly improve the system control performance.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-06-10T05:28:22Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241260886
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Effects of yarn count and twist multiplier on the properties of knitted
fabrics made from naturally colored sustainable cotton
Authors: Syeda Hafsa Hassan, Tanveer Hussain, Habib Awais, Zulfiqar Ali
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This study explores the integration of sustainable practices in the textile industry through the use of naturally colored cotton, which offers significant environmental advantages by eliminating the need for chemical bleaching and dyeing, thereby conserving water, chemicals, and energy. We examined the impact of yarn count and twist multiplier (TM) on the quality parameters of knitted fabrics tailored for winter cotton sweaters, utilizing a flatbed knitting machine to create a rib-cum-interlock structure. Our analysis aimed at optimizing thermal resistance, pilling resistance, and bursting strength, while reducing air permeability and fabric shrinkage. The findings indicated that thermal resistance peaked at 2.33 × 10−3 m2K/W for yarns with a 20/2 Ne count and a 4.5 TM. Furthermore, coarser yarns demonstrated enhanced bursting strength, with the highest at 276.8 kPa for a 16/2 Ne count and 4.25 TM, and an increase in yarn count improved pilling resistance. Air permeability was lowest at 103 mm/s for 16/2 Ne yarns. Interestingly, a rise in yarn count led to negative lengthwise shrinkage but positive widthwise shrinkage. The 20/2 Ne yarn count with a 4.50 twist multiplier emerged as optimal across considered properties, underscoring the potential of naturally colored cotton as a sustainable alternative in textile manufacturing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of naturally colored sustainable cotton as a viable alternative to conventional cotton in the textile industry.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-06-10T05:26:16Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241257312
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Colour dynamics and compatibility: A comparative analysis of reactive dyes
on ramie and cotton fabrics
Authors: Md. Moshiur Rahman, Md Imran Howlader, A Z M Mofasser, Nadim Ibn Sayed, Imon Biswas Shuva, Rony Mia, Mohamed A. Habila, M. Khalid Hossain, Zhiqing Shen
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
In this study, cotton and ramie knitted fabrics were dyed with reactive red 195, yellow 145 and blue 194 dyes and subsequent analyses were done. An exhaust method without alkali was followed and subsequently, spectrophotometric analysis was conducted to measure the values of substantivity% (S) of the dyes in both ramie and cotton knitted fabric dyeing. Solutions were prepared to measure the exhaustion% (E), fixation% (F) and reactivity% (R) of those dyes in cotton and ramie fabric dyeing using another exhaust method that comprises exhaustion, fixation (addition of alkali) and wash-off (treating with soaping agent) stages sequentially. Dye compatibility, colour strength (K/S), colour uniformity and colour fastness to washing and rubbing were assessed from the dyed cotton and ramie samples. All of these values were higher while dyeing cotton fabric samples. The average proportion of dye (%) of yellow, red and blue were 35.68%, 32.95% and 31.36% respectively for dyed ramie fabrics and in case of dyed cotton fabrics, the average proportion of dye (%) of yellow, red and blue were 41.45%, 33.22% and 25.33% respectively. Average K/S values of ramie and cotton were found 5.736 and 6.674 respectively and the colour uniformity was better for dyed cotton fabrics. Both cotton and ramie fabrics showed good to excellent results in terms of colour fastness to washing and rubbing. However, dyed ramie fabrics showed slightly inferior properties in case of staining to nylon-6, 6 and wet rubbing fastness. This research demonstrates the feasibility of dyeing both ramie and cotton with reactive red 195, yellow 145 and blue 194 in a union dyeing method.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-06-08T04:48:21Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241256211
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- The improvement of body signal measurement using adhesive intermediate
electrode between skin and textile
Authors: Ji Eun Song, Hyelim Kim, Daeyoung Lim, Sohee Lee
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This study suggests solutions to improve the adhesive of textile electrodes and the body signal occasion such as surface electromyography (sEMG). For this, a textile electrode embedded in the forearm band was produced using a knitting technique with two designs. The effects of skintight conditions on the forearm band during sEMG measurement were evaluated according to the pattern reduction rate (PRR) of the forearm band, ranging from 0% to 30%. Finally, an adhesive intermediate electrode, conductive gel, between the skin and the textile electrode was introduced to improve the unstable skin contact. The sEMG measurements confirmed that the sEMG signal was detected stably without excessive skintight conditions, such as a more than 20% PRR by applying the adhesive intermediate electrode. Skin-electrode impedance evaluation results also showed a similar tendency. Therefore, the knitted electrode developed in this study uses an adhesive intermediate electrode to improve the electrode performance and provide comfortable wearing conditions. This electrode is a practical electrode substrate for bio signal monitoring that allows the detection of muscle activity in a comfortable wearing condition for a long time.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-31T05:37:50Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241255105
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- The evaluation of the effect of rib set-outs on the dimensional and
stretch properties of double weft knitted cotton/flax fabrics
Authors: Nadiia Bukhonka, Olena Kyzymchuk
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This study aims to examine the effect of rib set-out repeat on the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of double-knitted fabrics after dry relaxation and four washing cycles. The focus is on the behavior of the fabrics in terms of dimensional stability and stretch properties. Half Milano rib and nine variants of double weft knitted fabrics differed by the number of inactive needles in the rib set-out repeat were produced from a 25 × 2tex × 2 cotton/flax yarn on a 10-gauge flat-bed knitting machine. It was found that the rib set-out repeat affects dimensional changes in both directions: an increase in the number of inactive needles increases shrinkage. The rib set-out repeat also significantly influences the structural characteristics. As the number of inactive needles in the rib set-out repeat increases, the double-knitted fabric becomes denser, thicker, and heavier. The analysis of stretchability indicates that the repeat didn`t affect full lengthwise deformation but affected the full widthwise deformation. Fabrics with an identical percentage of inactive needles (50%) exhibit minimal differences in properties. The study results are particularly significant for a manufacturer to enhance the quality of knitted fabrics by understanding their dimensional stability and stretch performance.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-31T03:05:14Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241255099
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Modeling the relationship between fabric textures and the evoked emotions
through different sensory perceptions
Authors: Fangmeng Zeng, Guanghua Wang, Jie Qiao, Qicai Wang, Meiqin Wu, Xiangsong Zeng, Xinghua Hong
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Texture represents the surface quality of fabrics, which is one of the key factors for textiles design. Fabric texture can be perceived via sensory perceptions, like vision and touching, causing different psychological feelings and emotions. This paper aimed to model the correlation between fabric textures and the evoked emotions through different sensory perceptions. Firstly, 20 subjects were required to make sensory evaluation on 10 fabric samples, rating fabric textures and the induced emotions via visual and visual-tactile perceptions. Then, the differences in sensory evaluation on fabric textures and the evoked emotions were analyzed. The results showed that only by visual perception, the visual effects dominate the evaluation on fabric textures and emotions. Pile fabrics that look warm can induce positive emotions. By visual-tactile perception, the sensation of contact between fabric and skin accounts due to the intervention of tactile perception. Soft and smooth fabrics, like coral fleece and velvet can stimulate positive emotions. Finally, the emotion-fabric textures model for pleasure and arousal was established using stepwise regression analysis. It’s revealed that only by visual perception, cold/warm had a significant positive effect on pleasure, while no textures were found that have a significant impact on arousal. By visual-tactile perception, both hard/soft and rough/smooth had significant positive impact on pleasure, while thick/thin had a significant negative influence on arousal. The present findings can help direct textiles design, production and sales, so as to meet the specific requirements.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-30T09:39:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241248761
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Study on the influence of belt angle on tire grounding characteristics
under longitudinal slip conditions
Authors: Jun-Ling Meng, Peng-Fei Sun, Shui-Ting Zhou, Yue Li, Lu-Wen Chen, Rui Mao
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Using ABAQUS software as a tool and 225/60R18 tire as the research object, a finite element model of the tire was established and longitudinal slip simulation was conducted based on the completion of longitudinal slip and rubber material tests. By comparing the tire-pavement contact stress under longitudinal slip conditions with different angles of belt layers and the stress on the first belt steel cord, the influence of different angles of belt layers on the grounding characteristics of tires were analyzed. The results showed that under static loading conditions, the trend of tire-pavement contact stress presented a symmetrical “W” shape. Under dynamic longitudinal slip conditions, the tire-pavement contact stress curve was significantly different from the static loading simulation, with significant fluctuation and presented an irregular “W” shape, and asymmetric distortion occurred with the change of slip rate. At higher slip rates (±20%), the higher the asymmetry of the grounding imprint at the 61° and 63° belt layer angles. At the 65° belt layer angle, the ground imprint is more evenly distributed on the tread. The curve of stress variation on the belt steel cord along the path is in an “M” shape, and the stress on the belt steel cord is mainly distributed symmetrically on the tire-pavement contact surface corresponding to the tire shoulder position. The higher the slip rate, the higher the asymmetry of the stress distribution on both sides of the belt steel cord. At 65° and 67° belt angles, the distribution of grounding imprints on the tread are more uniform, and the tread is less prone to deformation, resulting in lower tread wear.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-29T12:52:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241252633
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- All-3D apparel development: Establishing the rules to enable 3D weaving
from 3D digital garments
Authors: Jenine Marie Hillaire, Fatma Baytar
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Three-dimensional (3D) digital models can enable designers to tailor garments to specific measurements and preferences, ensuring a perfect fit and personalized aesthetics. This precision would allow to achieve seamless integration between the digital representation, the customer’s body shape, and the physical woven garment outcome. If the weaving machine can be automated, fast, cost-effective, custom, exact fit garments could be produced in a matter of days due to the elimination of the 2D patternmaking steps in the garment process. Weaving a 3D shape, which was designed in a 3D software program, using a circular weaving machine requires certain grid rules applied to the 3D shape to optimize the weaving process, minimize material wastage, and ensure a successful outcome. In the present study, we proposed rules for weaving 3D surfaces from body scan files to enable future algorithm development. These rules aim to address factors such as weaving efficiency, structural integrity, and the limitations of circular weaving machines.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-28T10:25:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241252634
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Processing and characterization of high-performance thermoplastic
composites manufactured by laser-assisted automated fiber placement
in-situ consolidation and hot-press
Authors: Jia Liu, Suping Wang, Haitao Yang, Dalei Zhu, Yue Guangquan
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Due to the short dwell time of processing temperature and pressure, the quality of the composite manufactured by AFP was not equal to the traditional processing method like autoclave or hot-press. Deeply understanding the mechanism of differences was conducive to improving the performance of the composite manufactured by AFP. In this study, the properties of high-performance carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS) thermoplastic composites manufactured by laser-assisted automated fiber placement (LAFP) in-situ consolidation and hot-press was characterized and compared. The temperature history of LAFP in situ consolidation indicated that the heating and cooling process occurred during a few seconds. And the crystallinity was only 21.6% for the laminate from LATP, while the void content was 2.75%. Due to the low crystallinity, high void content and low interlaminar bonding, the ILSS of the laminate from LAFP in situ consolidation was 34.9% lower than that of hot-press. However, the mode Ⅰ fracture toughness was 103.7% higher than hot-press.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-24T05:26:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241254440
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Fabric image retrieval based on decoupling of texture and color feature
Authors: Menglei Wang, Jingan Wang, Ning Zhang, Jun Xiang, Weidong Gao
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Fabric image retrieval, a form of content based image retrieval, is a high value research with the potential to be applied in many fields, such as e-commerce and inventory management. However, this research hotspot is plagued by two major challenges, namely the high requirements for retrieval results and the peculiarities of fabric images. Unlike general image retrieval, fabric image retrieval systems have to pay more attention to texture and color features. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework for fabric retrieval by using self-supervised and deep hashing techniques. The framework consists of two modules for feature learning and hashing learning. During the feature learning phase, the color and texture information in the image is decoupled under the drive of augmented based pretext tasks. In hashing learning, Bi-half layer is introduced to generate high-quality hash codes. The visualization results indicate that the proposed method performs well for the representation of fabric images. And the experimental results show that the proposed retrieval framework can achieve a good performance (best mAP 0.903) and outperforms other methods, including several deep hashing methods and our previous work.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-21T06:01:15Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241246074
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Partial auxetic behavior of 3D mesh fabric under compression
Authors: Jing Huang, Fei Zheng, Yu He, Shaoju Fu, Yanping Liu
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The 3D mesh fabric is a key component of automotive seat ventilation systems as it has good compression resistance and creates channels to provide effective circulating airflow. The dimensional inconsistency of fabric sheets by laser cutting to be integrated into car seats and their unrecoverable dimension changes in subsequent cushioning applications are challenging problems. A typical commercialized 3D mesh fabric was observed to shorten and widen under compression, showing an auxetic behavior in the length–thickness section. This counterintuitive partial auxetic behavior accounts for the dimensional variation. A full-size finite element (FE) model of the fabric was established to simulate the complex fabric deformation based on the precise geometry of a unit cell obtained by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning. The FE simulation reproduced the planar dimension change process of the fabric. The underlying mechanism of partial auxeticity was revealed from the global to local analysis, including fabric global deformation, unit meshes deformation and unit cell geometric structure change. It was shown that buckling of initially post-buckled spacer monofilaments drives in-plane movements of monofilament loops to cause partial auxetic behavior. The partial auxeticity weakens in the compression process due to the gradual intercontact and densification of spacer monofilaments. Different constraints on monofilament loops from adjacent unit cells and multifilament inlays make the deformation uneven in the plane of fabric. It is important to fully analyze the dimensional change, especially the partial auxetic deformation, of the 3D mesh fabric under compression for its practical applications.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-20T05:53:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241252636
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Surface modification of bamboo fibers through alkaline treatment:
Morphological and physical characterization for composite reinforcement
Authors: Anteneh Geremew, Pieter De Winne, Tamene Adugna Demissie, Hans De Backer
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This study primarily emphasizes the effect of alkaline treatment on the surface morphology, and the physical properties of extracted bamboo fibers were investigated in detail. The bamboo fibers were extracted from raw bamboo culms using a mechanical extraction process followed by roller-milling techniques. The physical properties of the extracted bamboo fibers and their chemical composition were examined based on standard requirements. The extracted and sun-dried bamboo fibers were subjected to surface modifications by treating them with a 5 wt.% NaOH solution. The process involved soaking the extracted bamboo fibers for 1 day at ambient temperature; subsequently, the alkali-treated fibers were washed with distilled water several times to remove alkali content from the fiber surface until it became neutral. Finally, the fibers were dried under the sun for a week. The alkali-treated and untreated extracted bamboo fibers underwent characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigation revealed an improvement in the surface morphology of the alkali-treated extracted bamboo fibers, with a significant reduction in surface roughness, as illustrated by SEM. Test results from FTIR, XRD, and TGA indicated that the alkali-treated fibers had removed lignin and hemicellulose from their surface. This study strongly suggests that bamboo fibers prepared using these techniques could be utilized as reinforcing material in composite production.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-16T06:13:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241248764
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- An investigation of various properties of hybrid bricks using Natural
fibers and waste fiber-based materials
Authors: Naresh Kumar, Vikas Mehta, Sushil Kumar, Jaiinder Preet Singh, Rajeev Kumar, Shubham Sharma, Shashi Prakash Dwivedi, Dražan Kozak, Jasmina Lozanovic, Mohamed Abbas
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Air pollution is increasing daily, causing global warming and many environmental issues, and it is also the cause of many diseases. According to many reports, brick kilns play a major role in the emission of black carbon that causes air pollution. It is necessary to find another way to produce bricks. The trend these days is to increase applications of natural fibers and eco-friendly materials and to reuse waste materials to control pollution. Synthetic and chemical materials are also causes of pollution, diseases, and even the deaths of many people. In this direction, eco-friendly materials were used to produce bricks. Abaca fiber, Pinus-Roxburghi leaves, fiber, wood, wheat straw, animal dung, sand, cement, phenolic resin, and gypsum were used in various percentages to create novel brick. In the investigation, it was discovered that hybrid natural fiber-based bricks had strong physical-mechanical, mechanical-chemical, and thermal stability properties, were light in weight, and had good sound absorption capabilities. Significant improvement of has been identified, AB-4 Brick shows the maximum porosity with 42.5% improvement as compared to AB-1 brick.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-10T06:30:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241240073
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Cotton pigment printing and characterization from post-consumer lemon peel
pectin binder
Authors: Lami Amanuel, Asaye Dessie, Ashenafi Alebachew
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The study explores the use of pectin from lemon peel for pigment printing cotton fabric. The optimal extraction conditions were 95°C, 90 min, 1:40 MLR, and pH 2. The extracted pectin was light yellow, with a moisture content of 13.4%, volatile compound content of 82.3%, total ash content of 3.1%, fixed carbon content of 14.6%, and a pH of 3.5. The thermal stability of the pectin binder was determined to be 230°C. The study also found that pectin cross-linking was achieved through continuous extrusion using 1% citric acid and 0.3% AgNO3. The formulated pectin binder was found to improve textile pigment printing quality and performance. The rheological properties of the pectin-based and commercial binder pastes were evaluated, showing that the pectin-based binder can produce fine designs with shear thinning but retain consistency when applied force is released, resulting in defined edges in prints. The study suggests that pectin-based formulations can be used as an optional binder to commercial binders in textile pigment printing.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-08T11:21:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241251465
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Multi-criteria optimization of sports compression socks using
Taguchi-VIKOR statistical approach
Authors: Afsheen Khalil, Tanveer Hussain, Naseer Ahmad, Hafsa Jamshaid
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of some key manufacturing parameters of Sports Compression Socks (SCS), aiming to optimize their performance characteristics for athletic applications. We investigated the interplay of material selection (Polyamide and Polyester), knitting structures (Pique and Drop Needle), and processing methods (E-wash, Dip wash, and Direct Press) on the functional properties of SCS. Our experimental design employed a full factorial approach, utilizing the Taguchi method for robust data analysis and the VIKOR (VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje) technique for multi-criteria optimization. Key performance indicators assessed included compression pressure, fabric thickness, breathability (air permeability and Overall Moisture Management Capacity), and serviceability (pilling resistance and dimensional stability). The collected data underwent rigorous scrutiny using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess their significance, validated by p-values (p < 0.05). Further insight into the significance and contribution percentages of each factor was gained through ANOVA (α = 0.10) and visualized using a pie chart. Results demonstrated significant influences of knitting structures and processing methods on the physical and performance characteristics of SCS. Particularly, the Nylon E-wash Pique (NEWP) combination emerged as the most effective, providing a balanced profile of breathability, compression, and durability. Overall, the study contributes to the optimization of SCS performance characteristics for athletic applications, through a comprehensive analysis of key manufacturing parameters, with practical implications for manufacturers. These insights are pivotal for guiding manufacturers in producing high-quality, effective SCS that meet diverse consumer needs. The study advances the understanding of SCS design, proposing strategic approaches that consider important material and manufacturing perspectives. Future research directions include comparing pressure values in yarn-dyed and sock-dyed processes to further enhance the quality of compression garments.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-04T08:16:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241248762
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Implications of agro-industrial wastes on the durability and erosion
characteristics of unfired soil-blocks reinforced with paddy straw fibers:
Sustainable earth construction
Authors: Tarun Sharma, Sandeep Singh, Shubham Sharma, Umesh Sharma, Prashant Sharma, Anita Gehlot, Abhinav Kumar, Emad Makki, Mohamed Abbas
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
On Earth, there is an abundance of soil that has been utilized to build homes for millions of people. Manufacturing compacted stabilized adobe blocks requires adequate water added to the appropriate soil type that has been admixed with binders and fibers to attain maximum density. The mixture is then compressed using the appropriate adobe-forming machine. Currently, the major environmental and human health risks worldwide come from industrial and agricultural wastes because of disposal concerns. The production and use of cement and cement blocks bring numerous economic and environmental issues. Utilizing locally available resources and enhancing standard production and testing methods are two feasible options for sustainable growth. Researchers have seen the promise of earthen construction as an alternative building material, and it is becoming more popular in the context of sustainable development. Marble dust (MD) (Industrial waste), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), and paddy straw fiber (PSF) (Agricultural wastes) were utilized in this research to manufacture the unfired admixed soil blocks. This study utilizes marble dust composed up to 25%–35%, paddy straw fiber constituted 0.8%–1.2%, and bagasse ash made up 7.5%–12.5% of the soil. The marble-dust-bagasse-ash-soil mix was strongly adherent to PSF, according to SEM investigation. In addition, as is apparent from the image, the number of pores is insignificant. These images support the preceding conclusions regarding this sample’s increased flexural and tensile strength. The primary constituents discovered on the surface of an unfired ad-mixed soil block strengthened with PSF of length 75 mm were silica (Si) and oxygen (O), according to the EDS examination. Aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) were found in trace amounts. The endurance characteristics of the block were determined by conducting different tests on the eighty-one (81) design mixes of the produced unfired ad-mixed adobe blocks, followed by modeling, optimization and microstructural analysis. The results show that the recommended technique improves the durability characteristics of admixed soil blocks without burning better than burnt bricks.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-05-04T07:38:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241239235
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- CORRIGENDUM to “Automatic extraction of flat sketch design element from
clothing images using artificial intelligence”
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-04-27T10:57:55Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241249585
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Enhancing bra design for post-mastectomy patients: Incorporating MRI data
and innovative textiles for optimal support and comfort
Authors: Youn Joo Kim, Dasom Koo
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This study introduces an innovative approach to designing a customized bra to the specific needs of mastectomy patients, aiming to reduce the discrepancies in breast displacement and consequently alleviate associated pain. Through mastectomy patient interviews, recognizing the limitations of current mastectomy bras, which often fail to accommodate the unique body shapes and needs of breast cancer survivors, this research leverages Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging (3D-SI) to develop a custom-fit bra prototype. The methodology involves the analysis of body shape changes post-mastectomy and the development of a prototype bra that effectively supports prostheses while minimizing common issues such as displacement, discomfort, and skin irritation. The results showcased a pronounced reduction in breast movement in all directions with the prototype bra, further enhanced using a novel cooling textile, improving the wearer’s overall comfort. Moreover, our investigation delved into the potential of integrating MRI and 3D-SI anthropometric data in bra design. By comparing two Prototype bras with differing dimensions but identical design features, we discerned marked differences in their performance. Crucially, the Prototype bra, shaped predominantly using MRI data, reduced breast displacement and evaluated better fit compared to the bra using 3D-SI data. Results from the study indicate that the prototype significantly improves fit and wearer comfort, suggesting a promising direction for future development of mastectomy bras. The findings highlight the potential of utilizing medical imaging data in garment design to create more inclusive and considerate solutions for post-surgical care.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-04-27T10:20:16Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241241752
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Multi-layer antibacterial polyester fabrics for infection management and
moisture wicking in a textile-based biomaterial wound dressing
Authors: Elizabeth G. Bush, Ruth Mwangomo, Joel Kidd, Jordon Gilmore
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Antibacterial woven polyester fabrics are drawing much attention in the medical and textile industries because they can provide many health-promoting properties that prevent infection while providing a barrier to the external environment. In this work, we developed and investigated two different polyester fabrics to demonstrate the antibacterial, non-adhesive, and moisture wicking properties of a multicomponent wound dressing. Vertical wicking of a braided layer composed of Poly-l-lactide (PLLA) yarn of 4-deep-grooved (4DG) fibers was tested using porcine blood serum to mimic wound exudate viscosity. Bacterial inhibition of Pseudomonas putida was measured after exposure to gentamicin sulfate (GS)-incorporated PLLA skin-contact layers of two different shaped yarns. Poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) was added to the GS PLLA contact layer to further prevent non-specific cellular attachment. Results indicated vertical wicking of moisture at 0.88 mm/s. While a specific wicking rate for adequate wound moisture regulation has not been indicated in the literature due to wound and patient variability, we assert that rapid removal of excess fluid from the wound bed, as demonstrated by our fabric is an essential component for a comprehensive wound dressing. Antibacterial experiments showed that GS exhibited both bactericidal and bacteriostatic trends by killing bacteria and further inhibiting growth, respectively. The surface treatment of PEG on PLLA contact layers showed less cellular attachment, promoting non-adhesion during dressing changes. Ultimately, using woven polyester medical textiles in wound care allows for optimizing parameters, such as antimicrobial uptake/release and moisture wicking for personalized healing. The construct studied here may serve as a tunable platform for development of wound dressings with specific antibacterial, moisture, and tissue adhesion requirements.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-04-11T07:15:23Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241241675
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Recycle waste PET yarn on site by feeding waste yarn as grinded powder to
improve product quality, increase energy efficiency and reduce
environmental impact
Authors: Shenghua Gan, Shunli Xiao, Tong Liu, Chen Wang, Shengjun Li, Yanlin Sun, Yuechao Tang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
A technical approach was proposed to recycle waste PET yarn on site with the aim of building green manufacturing plant with no waste accumulation. In the recycling process, the waste PET yarn with almost infinite aspect ratio was first treated with custom-designed grinder prior to recycling, which breaks the yarn into small pieces and produce powder-like final product (waste yarn/fiber powder, WYP/WFP). Then it could be mixed with PTA and EG to form slurry and fed into manufacturing unit using well-established method rather than be fed as melt by screw-extruder that is known for its high energy intensity. Furthermore, the wetting of WYP by EG during slurry formation facilitates the de-oxygenation process and is beneficial to improve the quality of product, which produces higher quality products with lower cost compared to conventional methods. PET containing 20 wt.% WYP addition using the proposed technical approach could give best balance between performance and profit margin. The properties of the produced PET products (20% WYP addition) were found similar to that of virgin counterparts and meet the specs for various commercial application. With the help of energy benign treatment and feeding processes, the energy intensity and CO2 emission of this method compared to conventional method were reduced by 78.96% and 62.02%, respectively. The method proposed a novel energy efficient and cost-effective approach to reliably recycle waste PET to high quality PET products on site. It partially solves the problems that the industry currently encountered, such as high recycle cost, relatively low product quality, high energy intensity and low economic benefit. It moves one step forward to the greening of the manufacturing process and may help on the sustainable development of the PET industry.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-04-10T09:33:12Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241242009
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- The impact of sodium periodate oxidation and alginate coating on the
capillarity of jute fabric
Authors: Aleksandra Ivanovska, Marija Milošević, Jelena Lađarević, Anita Tarbuk, Zorica Svirčev, Mirjana Kostić
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This study explores the impact of sodium periodate oxidation time (30 min, 60 min, or 120 min) and alginate coating on the capillarity of jute fabrics. Raw jute fabric exhibits a rapid increase in capillary rise height (h) over time, reaching 72 mm at 1200 s. Fabrics oxidized for 30, 60, and 120 min show significantly lower h values of 19, 18, and 28 mm at 1200 s, respectively, which can be ascribed to the oxidation process itself. Precisely, oxidation-induced conversion of hydroxyl groups of cellulose (the main constituent of jute fiber) to aldehyde groups contributed to the fabric reduced affinity for water, hence negatively affecting its capillarity. Approximately 47% and 55% lower h values of fabrics oxidized for 30 and 60 min compared to that oxidized for 120 min can be explained by their lower weight loss after oxidation as well as less pronounced liberation of elementary fibers. Oxidized fabrics characterized by low capillarity can be used for the manufacturing of packaging materials, outdoor gear, and protective covers for crops. To expand jute fabric applications in biocarpet engineering, that is, to obtain polysaccharide-based supports, raw and oxidized jute fabrics were treated with a 1% sodium alginate solution. At 1200 s, oxidized fabrics coated with alginate exhibited 4.3–5.8 times higher h values compared to solely oxidized counterparts. The diffusion coefficients of oxidized fabrics coated with alginate increase up to 35% with prolonged oxidation, emphasizing the oxidation impact on alginate binding.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-04-09T05:29:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241246071
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Based on ACF-CFRP composite energy absorbing material protection clothing
designing for the elderly with degenerative imbalance
Authors: Shifan Zhao, Lei Shen, Chuyue Liu, Han Chen
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
With the progression of age, the risk of falls in the elderly population escalates. Hip fractures are perceived as one of the most severe consequences of such falls and are often described as “the last fracture in one’s life,” with mortality rates reaching 20%−30% and accompanied by a significant rate of disability. To address this pressing issue, our study conducted an in-depth analysis of the mechanical properties of Artificial Cartilage Foam (ACF) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). Based on this research, we devised a laminated structure where ACF acts as the outer layer, with CFRP positioned centrally, capitalizing on the material’s intrinsic shock-absorbing attributes. Building on this structure, based on this structure, a specialized protective clothing design tailored for the elderly to counteract age-related balance impairments is proposed. Furthermore, we undertook experiments to gage user anxiety levels and assess the wearability comfort of the attire. Our findings indicate that this protective garment can effectively absorb the impact energy generated during falls, significantly reducing the risk of injury in the elderly. Additionally, its ergonomic design helps alleviate the psychological distress elderly individuals may experience due to the fear of falling. This research presents an innovative and effective strategy for enhancing fall protection in the elderly demographic.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-04-02T06:10:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241232150
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Women’s body armor: A comprehensive review of design, performance,
and ergonomics
Authors: Dinesh Bhatia, Priya Jaswal, SK Sinha
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This paper highlights a comprehensive review of the design, performance, and ergonomics of women’s body armor. Body armor is an essential part of defending people in high-risk areas, such as law enforcement officers, military personnel, and security employees. Traditional body armor, however, has typically been designed with male users in mind, ignoring the anatomical and physiological variations between men and women. This review intends to draw attention to the problems with women’s body armor and offer information on new developments made to solve these problems. It addresses several topics, including anatomical and physiological differences, challenges and limitations of traditional female body armor, materials used for female body armor, design considerations for female body armor, performance evaluation, and future directions and recommendations.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-03-23T10:43:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241232151
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Shoe customization in a mass-production mode
Authors: Oleksander Bondar, Liliia Chertenko, Tatjana Spahiu, Ermira Shehi
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
There is a growing trend where footwear is considered a fashion item by increasing in this way the number of footwear products in the market. This is translated to carbon footprints which is a global issue. Reducing the number of footwear can be achieved by focusing on customization. Shifting from mass production to customization is highly supported by digital technologies. A case study of shoe customization in the mass production mode is presented. Implemented in a shoe manufacturing environment, the possibility of using one node of the bottom in combination with various options for the shoe not only results in success in terms of fit and comfort but at the same time promotes sustainable production. This methodology aligns with the sustainability goals in the footwear industry while expanding the range of shoes.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-03-20T09:11:15Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241239247
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- The strengthening theory of steel fiber reinforced concrete and its
application in tunnel engineering: A review
Authors: Junchao Yang, Yuanhang Zhang, Jian Huang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is one of the fastest growing and most widely used fiber concrete as engineering structural material. Considering the importance of steel fiber concrete in tunneling applications, this paper reviews and discusses the damage mechanism of concrete and the crack arresting effect of steel fiber, and further investigates the application of SFRC in tunneling based on the reinforcement theory of SFRC. It was obvious that (1) steel fiber can not only delay the cracking damage of concrete, but also improve the deformation capacity of concrete, SFRC has excellent impact resistance and high tensile strength; (2) all the reinforcement theories can be considered to be developed on the basis of composite mechanics theory and fiber spacing theory by comprehensive improvement, but still need to further explore the reinforcement theory reflecting; (3) the combination of steel reinforcement and steel fiber will reduce the use of tunnel reinforcement, which is proven to be a better choice, because the content of steel fibers in SFRC has a certain degree of unevenness, so steel fibers can not completely replace the application of steel; and (4) SFRC applied to the node part of the tunnel structure is more effective, but the relevant research is less, in addition, steel fiber concrete tunnel node seismic resistance will be an important direction for future research. The relevant research in this paper can provide reference for the practical application of SFRC in tunnel engineering and other research directions.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-03-19T05:18:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241239242
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Environmentally friendly greener approach toward sustainable application
of amaltas brown pod-based natural colorant for wool yarn dyeing
Authors: Shahid Adeel, Mariam Younis, Rony Mia, Meral Özomay, Somayeh Mirnezhad, Muhammad Imran
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The escalating concerns over the environmental impacts of synthetic dyes have catalyzed a shift toward sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives in the textile industry. Within this framework, the purpose of this research article is to investigate the environmentally friendly application of brown pods generated from amaltas (Cassia fistula) as a natural pigment for the purpose of dyeing wool yarn. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of obtaining the reddish-brown anthraquinone-based pigment that is found in Cassia fistula pods by the application of microwave-assisted extraction process. The efficacy of microwave radiation in enhancing the extraction process is evaluated, highlighting its potential for expediting and improving the yield of the natural colorant. In addition, the response surface methodology is utilized in order to optimize the dyeing conditions. Particular attention is paid to characteristics like as temperature, duration, pH, and salt content. In addition, the study investigates the function of mordants, notably salt of Fe, salt of Al, and tartaric acid, in the process of improving colorfastness and generating shades that are both brilliant and long-lasting. The scope of the work is expanded to include the impacts of plant-based extracts as a biomordants, such as pomegranate, red sumac, and hulela zard, for the purpose of producing a wide variety of colors. Additionally, the impact of microwave treatment on wool yarn dyeability is explored, emphasizing improvements in surface morphology and dye absorption. The yarn analysis encompasses color strength, shade variation, and surface morphology, employing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to elucidate chemical interactions. The study’s findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable dyeing practices, highlighting the viability of amaltas-based natural pigments and environmentally friendly mordants in textile applications. Ultimately, this research underscores the significance of adopting ecologically conscious dyeing methods and paves the way for a more sustainable approach to coloration in the textile industry.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-03-08T10:54:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241235653
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Research on garment thickness simulation based on dynamic multi-layer
spring-mass model and fiber properties
Authors: Shengwei Qin, Songshuang Duan
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
In prevailing simulations of garment thickness, typically characterized by uniform pressure filling, variations in thickness across different sections of the garment are commonly not addressed, and the aspect of elasticity is regularly omitted. In this paper, the garment thickness is simulated by constructing a multi-layer spring-mass model, where the garment thickness is determined by the fabric properties, for example, cotton, pink ribbon brown, royal target, etc. Specifically, the spring coefficients of the multi-layer spring-mass model represent the garment thickness, which is obtained by computing the physicochemical properties of the fabric through a heat transfer equation. Meanwhile, the fabric properties also determine the upper and lower limits of the garment thickness (i.e. the limitation of spring deformation), which can be simulated as a single-layer garment or garment with thickness. With computer simulation verification, fabric properties and the multi-layer spring-mass model can simulate single-layer, multi-layer, and garments with different thicknesses. The simulation effects are similar to those of real-world garments.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-03-06T12:32:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241232381
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Experimental investigation of the ease allowance of clothing and
thermal-moisture comfort in exercise based on fuzzy comprehensive
evaluation
Authors: Jun Zhang, Mengxia Tong, Mengyun Zhang, Yating Zhang, Xuewei Jiang, Xiaoxiao Zhu, Mengna Guo
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The level of thermal-moisture comfort experienced by an individual is strongly influenced by the clothing they wear and also influenced by the ease allowance of that clothing. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ease allowances of clothing on thermal-moisture comfort during exercise or movement. Seventeen female subjects were asked to wear sample clothing with different sizes during a designated 5-phase exercise in a climate chamber. Throughout the exercise phases, the temperature and humidity of the microclimate under the clothing were monitored while the subjects provided subjective evaluations of their comfort levels. To account for variation in ease allowances, the 32 experimental repetitions were grouped based on the ease allowance of the clothing worn. The FCE-CRITIC method was then used to determine the variable weights of factors and to compare the thermal-moisture status to the subjective evaluation. Results revealed that humidity was more strongly weighted during RS and RC (i.e., running and recovery phase after exercise) compared to other phases, means that moisture comfort was the main factor driving the clothing comfort sensation within the two phases. The ease allowance of clothing was found to have an impact on the sensations of thermal and moisture comfort during exercise, although this effect was not significant. Furthermore, the study identified the optimum range of ease allowance for thermal-moisture comfort during exercise to be between 6 and 10 cm.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-03-06T12:29:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241234300
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Flexural behavior of glass fiber reinforced cement incorporating foam
Authors: Congmi Cheng, Juan He, Xiaosen Li, Silei Hong
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) incorporating foam has good thermal insulation. Micro pores not only lowered the strength of the cement matrix but also changed the friction between the fiber and the matrix. It has an influence on modulus of rupture (MOR) and fracture energy of GRC. In this work, the effect of the glass fiber and foam contents of GRC on the MOR and fracture energy were evaluated using four-point flexural tests. The results show that glass fiber content has little influence on MOR of GRC. However, the MOR decreased significantly with increasing foam content. The empirical formula summarized by experiments can well characterize the relationship between the MOR and density of foamed GRC. The content of glass fiber and foam has a significant influence on the fracture energy of GRC. The fracture energy of foamed GRC decreased with the decrease of dry bulk density, and the decrease was fast and then slow.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-28T11:29:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241230765
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- MobileViT model-based real-time fiber identification method for cashmere
and wool
Authors: Kai Lu, Junli Luo, Fei Wang, Zhiwei Fan, Genyuan Du, Xiangqun Zhang, Wenke Pei
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The physical and morphological characteristics of wool and cashmere fibers exhibit notable similarities, making distinguishing them challenging. In this study, we propose a method based on a lightweight hybrid model called MobileViT, which combines a vision transformer and convolutional neural network, for the real-time identification of fiber categories. After training on a large sample dataset, the model was validated on a test set of 61,095 fiber images belonging to six categories; it took 26.2 s to achieve a recognition accuracy of 97.19%. This paper presents the first attempt to use a hybrid model of Transformer and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the recognition of fiber images. Experimental results demonstrate that the model is capable of effectively extracting features from fibers, and it outperforms pure CNN models in terms of both speed and accuracy.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-27T04:58:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241233758
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Enhancement of physical and mechanical properties of polymer-based repair
mortars using SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) and glass fiber
reinforcement: Experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Meriem Dridi, Ahmed Abderraouf Belkadi, Samya Hachemi, Tahar Tayebi
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This article investigates the mechanical properties of cementitious repair mortars modified with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) at dosages of 5% and 10% by weight of cement. It includes an analysis of flexural strength (FS) and compressive strength (CS), as well as transport properties such as total shrinkage (SR) and water absorption (WA). Glass fibers (GF) were added to these mortars at rates of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% of the total volume to reinforce them. A factorial design was employed in numerical modeling to study the effects of different SBR and GF levels on the physical and mechanical properties of the repair mortars. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the significance of the factors and their interactions on the selected responses. Digital Image Correlation (DIC), using GOM software, was used to measure and quantify deformations and movements. The findings reveal that polymer mortars reinforced with glass fibers exhibit greater resistance to bending and compression than polymer mortars without fibers. Furthermore, fiberglass-reinforced mortars demonstrate good dimensional stability over time with respect to total shrinkage. Moreover, the developed mathematical models yield efficient prediction equations for FS, CS, SR, and WA by considering SBR content and fiberglass levels. DIC provides a highly effective numerical representation of stressed areas, locations of crack initiation, fracture mechanisms, and crack propagation. The repair mortar exhibits strong adhesion to concrete exposed to high temperatures.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-27T04:32:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241232146
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Integration of artificial intelligence and augmented reality for assisted
detection of textile defects
Authors: Michaela Servi, Roberto Magherini, Francesco Buonamici, Yary Volpe, Rocco Furferi
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution conceptualizes the rapid change of industries resulting from the convergence of technologies such as artificial intelligence, genetic editing, and advanced robotics that enable increasing interconnectivity and machines that can analyze and diagnosing problems without human intervention, through intelligent automation. In this scenario, the use of augmented reality technologies is of great interest. The paper aims to explore the use of augmented reality in support of traditional inspections for assisting textile experts in fabric defect detection. The contribution of this study consists of three main phases, necessary for the future development of the system: (1) the analysis of possible automatic defect detection techniques; (2) the analysis of hardware solutions for the realization of a system based on important criteria such as operator comfort, system footprint, and so on; (3) the proposal of a possible comprehensive solution. Considering these aspects this paper identifies and investigate the best scenario for the introduction of artificial intelligence and augmented reality technologies to help the operator in the detection of textile defects.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-26T04:54:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231206502
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- 3D printing applications on textiles: Measurement of air permeability for
potential use in stab-proof vests
Authors: Dereje Berihun Sitotaw, Dominik Muenks, Abera Kechi Kebash
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The most important piece of safety equipment is developed as a reinforced piece of body armor to resist attacks to the upper parts of the body so as to save the lives of its wearers to offer protection against stabbing with sharp-tipped objects. The majority of commercial stab resistant armors are not comfortable for users to wear during their whole duty shift. The three-dimensional (3D) printing has given great opportunity to develop equipment for a particular and individual application with the incorporation of performance and comfort. Stab protective armor has been developed by 3D printing without compromising the protection performance for a particular energy level to improve the comfort of the armor vest so that users are willing to wear during their whole duty shift. In this study, air permeability is used to measure the comfort tendency of the protective armor as a safety gear without reducing the protection performance. In this study the effect of textile materials and structures, shapes of 3D prints as the segmentation of scales, size of scales, parts of the full vest, attachments, and air exposure sides of the panel are investigated. The result revealed that the air permeability of the 3D printed protective armor vest improved the comfort as compared to the commercially available armor vests of both from a single plate and large sized segmented scales.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-20T03:57:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241232152
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Research on fabric defect detection method based on lightweight network
Authors: Xuejuan Kang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Due to the complexity of fabric texture, the diversity of defect types and the high real-time requirements of textile enterprises, fabric defect detection is faced with considerable challenges. At present, fabric defect detection algorithms based on deep learning have achieved good results, but there are still some key problems to be solved. Firstly, due to the complex construction of deep learning models and high network complexity, it is difficult to meet the real-time requirements of industrial sites, which limits its application in industrial sites. Secondly, in the face of textile enterprises’ requirements for detection accuracy, how to achieve fabric defect detection through a simpler network model, so as to better balance the accuracy and complexity of deep learning models is a major challenge for textile enterprises and academic researchers. In order to solve these problems, a fabric defect detection method based on lightweight network is proposed in this paper. This method takes lightweight network YOLOv5s model as the infrastructure, integrates Convolution Block Attention Module and Feature Enhancement Module in Backbone part and Neck part respectively, and modifies the loss function of YOLOv5s to CIoU_Loss. Compared with the original YOLOv5s, it makes up for the lack of information extraction ability of the network, improves the speed of model inference and the speed and accuracy of prediction box regression. It provides technical support for the application of lightweight network model in industrial field. The performance of the model is tested by using raw fabric and patterned fabric data sets on the deep learning workstation platform. The experimental results show that when the IoU threshold is 0.5, the mean Accuracy Precision mAP of raw fabric and pattern fabric is 86.4% and 75.8%, respectively, which increases by 7.6% and 1.7% compared with the original YOLOv5s algorithm. The average detection speed is as high as 102 FPS, which can meet the real-time requirement of industrial field target detection.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-17T09:45:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241232153
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Abrasion performance and failure mechanism of fiber yarns based on
molecular segmental differences
Authors: Hongxia Li, Guifang He, Zhengjie Zhao, Qingyang Liu, Junben Wang, Yanzheng Yin, Yuli Cui, Xin Ning, Fanggang Ning
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
With the development of lightweight engineering, load-bearing structures such as synthetic fiber ropes are being increasingly used in engineering projects. During the process of repeated stretching or bending, abrasion occurs between the yarns of fiber assemblies like ropes. Fatigue failure caused by abrasion between yarns is one of the main reasons for the failure of such fiber assemblies. Different chain segments of fiber assemblies exhibit different properties. This study takes the four fibers of flexible chain fibers Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), Polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) and rigid chain fibers Poly-p-phenylene terephthamide (PPTA) and Polyarylate (PAR), which are widely used in ropes and cables, as the research materials, and explores the influence of abrasion frequency and yarn tension on different chain segment fibers. To explore the failure and influencing factors of rigid chain and flexible chain fibers abrasion leads to fiber assemblies like those ropes. Based on the observation and analysis of the abrasion zone temperature, yarn state, and wear debris morphology of failed yarns, an abrasion failure mechanism is proposed, providing guidance for the design and application of fatigue-resistant products for ropes.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-14T08:12:31Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241228263
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Improvement in the strength of concrete reinforced with agriculture
fibers: Assessment on mechanical properties and microstructure analysis
Authors: Jawad Ahmad, Yasir Mohammed Jebur, Muhammad Tayyab Naqash, Muhammad Sheraz, Ahmed Hakamy, Ahmed Farouk Deifalla
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Concrete is weak in tension, causing brittle failure without warning. Fiber is one of the simplest techniques to increase tensile strain. Several kinds of fibers (synthetic) are available such as steel fiber, glass fiber, and carbon fiber. However, these fibers are expensive and cannot be easily accessible. Researchers use agricultural fiber in concrete instead of synthetic fibers to offset this deficiency. Although, several studies have shown that agricultural fiber may be utilized to increase concrete tensile strength. However, a details review is required which combines all relevant information and the reader can evaluate the benefits of agricultural fiber. Therefore, this review focus on a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the impact of agricultural fiber on concrete slump flow, mechanical quality, and durability. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscopy, enhancement methods, and agricultural fiber-reinforced concrete (AFRC) applications are also reviewed. Five different types of agricultural fiber including coconut, jute, banana, rice straw, and hemp fibers were selected. According to the findings, agricultural fiber increased concrete’s mechanical and durability qualities while comparably decreasing the slump. The optimum dose is essential as the higher dose adversely affects mechanical performance. The typical optimum amount varies from 1% to 2% by weight/volume of the binder. Among various types of agricultural fiber, coconut fiber is super performance. Less research is carried out on hemp, straw ash, and banana fibers than on coconut and jute fibers.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-14T08:10:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241226480
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Investigation of slashing mechanisms and behavior of high-performance
fabrics
Authors: Magdi El Messiry, Yasmin Ayman, Elshiamaa M Eid
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The slashing mechanism is influenced by various properties that impact fabric slicing, contingent upon both fabric design and yarn-slicing characteristics. This study explores the slash resistance of soft armor, underscoring the essential need for enhancements in fabric design and fiber properties. Yarn-slicing qualities and the fabric’s pattern play pivotal roles in the fabric-cutting mechanism. The fabric stabbing resistance force demonstrates strong positive correlations with multiple factors, encompassing values such as friction force between warp and weft, yarn cutting force, yarn pull-off force, fabric shear modulus, and fabric flexural stiffness. The investigation explores the relationship between slash resistance in high-performance fabrics, revealing a robust correlation with factors such as yarn cutting force, yarn pull-off force, fabric shear modulus, friction force between warp and weft, and fabric flexural rigidity. Fabrics constructed from Kevlar 129 or 29 showcase the highest slashing resistance force. Experimental results unveil that the Kevlar 129 plain weave exhibits the utmost resistance, recording a force of 100.37 N and a fabric-slashing energy of 3.65 J. In contrast, the Kevlar 29 plain weave structure withstands a slash resistance force of 67 N, while the Kevlar 29-carbon plain weave displays a slash resistance of 62.97 N. The correlation coefficients between various variables linked to fabric-slashing resistance force unveil a strong, positive, and highly interrelated association for the majority of factors investigated. These factors encompass yarn-cutting force, yarn pull-off force, fabric shear modulus, and fabric flexural rigidity. Additionally, there exists a positive correlation with the friction force between warp and weft.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-12T07:37:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241230768
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Impact of weave architecture on the mechanical performance of
carbon-aramid/PVB hybrid composites
Authors: Khubab Shaker, Adeel Abbas, Yasir Nawab, Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Imran Khan, Zakariya Zubair, Habib Awais
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites having superior mechanical properties are preferred for lightweight architectures. Rising demands for enhanced mechanical performance under certain types of loadings have focused researchers toward the hybridization of composite materials. In this study carbon and aramid fibers were employed to produce hybrid fabrics by weaving in two different woven architectures, 1/1 plain and 2/1 twill. Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) matrix was reinforced with these woven fabrics and hybrid composites were fabricated by compression molding. Un-hybrid carbon and aramid composites were fabricated using PVB matrix, as control samples. Tensile characteristics of hybrid composites offered intermediate strain at failures of 0.5% due to the combined rigid and ductile natures of carbon and aramid, respectively. Flexural strength and absorbed impact energy (200 MPa and 97 kJ/m2) were higher for hybrid composites, and quick elastic recoveries were experienced in hybrid composites after impact. Plain woven reinforced hybridization had about 25% and 5% lower tensile and flexural characteristics respectively, as more interlocking zones of warp and weft yarns reduced strength. However, these interlocking zones positively contributed to impact performance by 11.5% higher energy absorption.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-10T07:45:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241230767
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Automatic extraction of flat sketch design element from clothing images
using artificial intelligence
Authors: Yoojeong Lee, Yeonghoon Kang, Sungmin Kim
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This study aims to develop a process that automatically extracts various flat sketch elements in vector format from clothing images. The approach of this study is to combine state-of-the-art image processing algorithms with the new algorithm devised in this study. First, a convolutional neural network based edge detection model trained with specially prepared fashion image data set was used to convert clothing images into edge maps. Then, a recurrent neural network based vectorization model and a rule-based image correction algorithm were used to convert the edge map into a vector image. Finally, a graph search algorithm was used to extract closed shapes from the vector image. As a result, the accuracy of edge extraction model has been improved by training with the special fashion image data set. The image correction rule was able to refine the vector images generated by the vectorization model. The graph algorithm was able to extract closed shapes from the vector image. This study is the first study to extract vector style flat sketch elements from clothing images using artificial intelligence and conventional computational geometry.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-09T06:54:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241228266
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Synthesis and structure characterization of ZnTiO3 nanoparticles and their
antibacterial performances on silk fabrics
Authors: Naruemol Thurnkul, Rattiphorn Sumang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Nanomaterials are favored choices for antibacterial applications. ZnTiO3 nanoparticles, characterized by advantageous properties like small size, large surface area, and unique physicochemical attributes, represent a novel class of antibacterial active materials. In this study, we synthesized and characterized ZnTiO3 nanoparticles using the molten-salt method (MSS). The effect of various parameters, such as reaction temperature, size, and purity of products, was investigated. Additionally, the impact of ZnTiO3 nanoparticles on antibacterial activity in natural fabrics was studied. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD results revealed that the particles exhibited high phase purity at 100% and good crystallinity. A crystalline pure perovskite phase of ZnTiO3 was formed at 700°C. The particle size of ZnTiO3 powder at the optimum temperature is 119 nm with a spherical-like shape. The modified fabric with ZnTiO3 and B7 demonstrated an excellent reduction of 100% in bacterial colonies. The results of this study demonstrate that ZnTiO3 synthesis using MSS is a simple and environmentally friendly method for achieving antibacterial activity in natural fabrics.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-02-03T12:47:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231224055
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Hydrolyzed Reactive Red 195 adsorption on cellulose: Experimental and
theoretical investigations
Authors: Chaoyu Zhang, Xu Zhao, Zhubing Hu, Jianli Liu, Siting Zheng, Wei Tang, Zilin Wang, Shanzhou Lu, Bo Zhu, Yizheng Fu
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
In this investigation, the mechanism of dye transfer during the mixed washing of natural cellulosic fabrics was elucidated through a comprehensive study of the hydrolysis of Reactive Red 195 (RR 195) and the subsequent adsorption of its hydrolysis products onto cellulose, approached both experimentally and theoretically. Initially, Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was employed to identify the final products of Reactive Red 195 hydrolysis, collectively referred to as the unfixed dye substance (UDS). This data provided theoretical insight into the hydrolysis mechanism of the dye. Following this identification, an adsorption kinetic model was established to delineate the interaction of the hydrolysis products with cellulose. Adsorption exhibited its maximal rate at a temperature of 60°C, under conditions of a wash bath ratio of 120:1 and a pH value of 7. Furthering the investigation, a molecular dynamics model was constructed to detail the adsorption process of these hydrolysis products on the hydrophobic surface Iβ(1 0 0) of cellulose within an aqueous environment. This model offered precise insights into the adsorption volume, kinetics, and mechanistic interaction at a molecular scale. Conclusive evidence from both theoretical analyses and experimental results suggested that the hydrolysis products, devoid of reactive groups, were incapable of chemically interacting with the hydroxyl groups inherent to cellulose. Instead, it was discerned that these products underwent a physical adsorption process onto the cellulose surface. Such adsorptive behavior is postulated to be a predominant factor influencing the dye transfer phenomenon in mixed washing conditions.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-27T07:46:55Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231223466
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Studies on sugarcane bagasse/jute fibers reinforced bio-composites for
functional thermal insulation materials
Authors: Ariharasudhan S, Sundaresan S, Senthil Kumar Selvaraj, Ramratan, Amare Worku, Sakthivel Santhanam
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The efficient use of fibers derived from natural sources is the main goal of this research project. However, the priority on natural fibers falls short of meeting the necessary strength requirements. The goal of this work is to empirically analyze composite materials made with sugarcane bagasse and jute natural fibers as reinforcement, and PVA as the matrix. The goal is to examine the various mechanical and thermal insulating properties of Bagasse fiber/jute fiber composites to determine their application in technical domains. To carry out this investigation, a series of five hybrid composites were developed, each containing 65% polyvinyl acetate and varying the blend proportion of bagasse fiber and jute fiber: 100% /0%, 70%/30%, 50%/50%, 30%/70%, and 0%/100%. Compression molding was used as the fabrication technique. These composites’ resulting mechanical characteristics followed a critical analysis by ASTM standards. Through SEM analysis, the fiber shape, internal fracture forms, and binding properties were investigated. The results of the study showed that the tensile strength of composites made of bagasse and jute fibers is 265.80 MPa, which is close to the strength (270.10 MPa) displayed by composites made of synthetic fibers. Significantly, compared to the other configurations, the composites made up of 70% jute and 30% bagasse fibers exhibit a higher thermal insulation coefficient. Furthermore, compared to the other samples, these 70/30 composites had better impact resistance and flexural strength.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-27T07:40:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231223464
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Mechanical and tribological properties of silicon carbide /carbon
fiber/epoxy resin based composites
Authors: Haixia Hu, Sinian Zhang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
In this contribution, an epoxy resin based composites which synergistically modified by carbon fiber (MCF) and silicon carbide (SiC) particles were prepared. The chemical structure of MCF and SiC before and after surface treated using silane coupling agent were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The mechanical properties including tensile, flexural, and compression of the composites were investigated. Moreover, the friction and wear performances were studied on a ball-on-ring wear tester. The results indicated that the best tensile, compressive, and friction and wear properties of composites were obtained when SiC particles content is 3.0 wt.%. Compared to the pure epoxy resin, when the SiC particles content is 4.0 wt.%, the best flexural strength and modulus were obtained, which increased by 8.7% and 52.97%, respectively. Both the average coefficient of friction (COF) and the wear mass losses of the composites decreased significantly with the addition of the modified SiC particles. In addition, the main wear mechanism of pure EP is adhesive and fatigue wear, while the SiC/MCF/EP composites exhibit abrasive and fatigue wear.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-27T07:35:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231214229
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Physical and mental safety monitoring and protection of children with
autism spectrum disorder: Intelligent clothing integrating early warning
and rescue
Authors: Xinzhou Wu, Jiayi Chen, Zhe Cheng, Xiaoyu Liu, Yifan Wang, Wenzhuo Liu, Xuewei Jiang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Nowadays, the safety of special children has gradually become a hot spot of social concern. In this paper, aiming at the problems of autism spectrum disorder children who are easy to get lost and drown, intelligent monitoring clothing with lost warning and drowning rescue functions is designed. Firstly a clothing technology system based on multi-MCU and BeiDou dual-mode positioning was set up. Then according to their characteristics of physiology and psychology, CLO was used for virtual simulation design of color, pattern, and style of sample clothes. Finally, the product prototype of intelligent monitoring clothing was evaluated from various aspects. The results confirm that the clothing can meet the physical and psychological needs of these children. Its intelligent sensor positioning, data acquisition and transmission, and waterproof and rescue functions are designed accurately, which can not only play an early warning and protection role when children go beyond the fence and drown, but also reduce the monitoring burden of parents to a certain extent. This study also provides a reference for the design of intelligent monitoring clothing for special children.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-27T07:29:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231224969
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- 3D simulation of warp-knitted double-needle bed creel jacquard fabric
based on the stitch layer
Authors: Yanting Zhang, Haisang Liu, Aijun Zhang, Gaoming Jiang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Unlike common jacquard fabrics, the warp-knitted double-needle bed creel jacquard fabric has more unique patterns, which allows to knit two-needle stitch structure on both ground guide bars and jacquard bars. It increases the pattern design complexity and has applications in many fields. However, due to the complex jacquard displacement signals and patterns, the actual patterns and structures remains elusive during the design process. Here, we propose a 3D (three-dimensional) simulation method for the warp-knitted double-needle bed creel jacquard fabric. The knitting parameters are established as mathematical models, by which the jacquard displacement signals can be simplified to numbers to combine with the basic chain notations. The spatial structure of the fabric is analyzed and a 3D stitch-layer model is generated. The simulation results show that through this modeling method, all stitches are arranged in an orderly manner at the appropriate layer, making the stitch position clearer and the 3D structure of the fabric easier to be observed.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-25T12:25:03Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241226583
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Innovative circular practices integrating business model for textile
industry
Authors: Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto, Renato Alessandro Rocha Santos, Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto, Fábio R Flausino, Douglas Eldo Pereira de Oliveira, Maiara Navarro Seri
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Circular economy embedded in business models have gained prominence in scientific research, as they describe strategies to create, capture, and deliver value. Despite the increase of studies on this topic, there is a lack of integration of the several circular business model practices in the literature, which hinders the circularity of products effectively. Then, this paper proposes a model that integrates circular business model practices in the textile industry. The method consisted of bibliometric and systematic literature review and Delphi. The result was the integrative business model of 27 circular practices for the textile industry. The theoretical contribution was to structure a business model not yet found in the literature. From the management perspective, the model can support the decision-making in textile industry aiming to recover resources. Other contribution, the model proposes ways to reduce the extraction of new resources, which preserves the environment and improves the lives of people.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-24T04:30:23Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241226481
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- A review on the manufacturing techniques for textile based antennas
Authors: Muntaha Rafiq, Aqsa Imran, Abher Rasheed, Shahood uz Zaman
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
An antenna is a medium of communication in electronic systems and one of its branches is known as wearable antenna (embedded in clothing or other wearables). Antennas are found in a wide range of applications such as medical, military, sports, safety, fitness, satellite communication etc. Textile based antennas are considered a replacement of conventional communication systems in E-textiles as they are more flexible and comfortable as compared to their metallic counterparts and more efficient than transmission wires. Electronic wiring which is commonly used for data transmission is susceptible to damage because of bending or stretching in wearables and may cause interferences between signals and time delays. One of the most significant advantages of wearable antennas is the reduction of bulk of electronic components as they can act as a sensor and communicator at a time. The cost can also be reduced this way. The current work focuses on the review of different manufacturing techniques for wearable antennas. The scope of this review is to highlight main techniques, their advantages and limitations in comparison with each other as well as to describe the available solutions of associated problems. The findings of this review could be fruitful for researchers to find out the best manufacturing technique for antennas in their perspective.Visual Abstract
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-23T04:24:21Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250241226585
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Investigation of comfort characteristics of knitted fabric produced from
neppy yarn
Authors: Md Anwar Hossain, Md Reajul Islam
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Fabric made from fancy yarn, especially neppy yarn has a great environmental impact because the fabric does not need any additional dyeing process. This study involved knitting neppy yarn of two distinct spinning processes, vortex and ring spinning, each having three different percentages of neps. The comfort properties of six different fabrics were evaluated by analyzing various parameters, including moisture management properties, water vapor transmission rate, air permeability, hand feel properties, and bursting strength. Microscopic views were also examined for analyzing the physical appearance of the fabric’s surface. The experimental results revealed that fabrics made from vortex-spun neppy yarn (VSNY) exhibit better moisture management, breathability, and hand feel properties than ring-spun neppy yarn (RSNY). Alternatively, bursting strength and water vapor evaporation rate showed a lower trend in fabrics made from vortex-spun neppy yarn. The research findings contribute valuable insights into the potential of vortex spinning techniques for sustainable and comfortable textile production.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-18T08:45:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231224056
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- 3D sweater garment style generation based on 3D anthropometric
characteristic parameters
Authors: Xuan Luo, Duan Li, Jianye Yuan
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
This paper proposes a method for three-dimensional style modeling of loose sweaters. Through the correlation analysis of the three-dimensional human body and the classic sweater style, a style model was built on the three-dimensional human body model to realize efficient personalized sweater design and production. First of all, the design model was extracted from the human body model based on the characteristics of the ring-cutting algorithm. Secondly, the loose model of the sweater was established based on the chest, waist, and hip data of the human body. Subsequently, the feature line between the size information and style features was created, and curve interpolation values were combined with joint smoothing methods to generate a multi-faceted sweater style model. Finally, the mapping function was used to flatten the style model, the related styles were woven by operating the computer, and the suitability of the established sweater fabric was verified. The comparison results showed that the accuracy of the style construction of this model was improved. Through the analysis of experimental data, it can be proven that the method proposed in this paper can quickly and accurately establish a three-dimensional style model of a sweater, without the need for repeated measurements to make templates, thus saving development time.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-18T08:39:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231222620
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Sustainable textile industry – wishful thinking or the new norm: A
review
Authors: Liene Siliņa, Inga Dāboliņa, Eva Lapkovska
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
Today, the textile sector is one of the largest economic sectors globally in terms of production amount, labor employment, and gross domestic product. At the same time, it is also one of the least sustainable sectors due to its profound negative environmental and social impacts. In the absence of a single legislative body at the global level, as well as a lack of global inter-governmental cooperation, there is also no unified legislation regarding the sustainability of the textile sector. However, the Earth is a single interconnected ecosystem; therefore, the responsibility for mitigating the negative consequences must be shared. The transition of the textile sector to a sustainable model requires a complete transformation of perception and behavior patterns at the governance, industry, and consumption levels. This research contributes to the existing literature about the social, environmental, and economic assessment of the textile sector focusing on the sustainability challenges in all three domains; furthermore, the paper provides a broad overview of existing and planned global and regional policies, regulations, and initiatives related to the transition of the textile industry to a sustainable development model.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-18T08:33:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231220359
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Effect of sizing agents on tensile properties of carbon fiber filament
wound structures
Authors: Shubin Zhang, Hongxing Gu, Ming Zhao, Huaiqin Xie, Yudong Huang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
In order to evaluate the effects of sizing agents on the wettability, strength loss, and properties of final filament wound structures during filament winding of carbon fibers, three types of sizing agent based on epoxy, epoxy + polyester, and epoxy + polyurethane were used to treat carbon fibers, the surface properties of carbon fiber samples after treatment were evaluated using SEM, infrared spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle analysis, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test, the strength loss caused by fiber damage during filament winding was quantitatively analyzed, and the strength properties of the filament wound structures were characterized by NOL ring test. The results showed that the sizing agent treatment only slightly improved the surface free energy and ILSS of carbon fibers, but it had obvious influence on the strength loss rate of carbon fiber bundles. Added polyester or polyurethane in epoxy-based sizing may improve its protective effect for carbon fiber, and thus decrease strength loss during winding process, result in better tensile properties of carbon fiber filament wound structures.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-08T08:48:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231183159
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
- Analysis and modeling for the dynamics of the nipper mechanism considering
jaw’s impacts
Authors: Boyan Chang, Yang Zhou, Guoguang Jin, Dong Liang, Fangxiao Han, Zhimin Wang
Abstract: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
The comber is very important in the spinning for high quality yarns, in which the nipper mechanism (NM) determines the quality of the yarn it combs. This paper is to connect topology and multi-body dynamics to reveal the principle of impact motion of the nipper mechanism. Firstly, the working process of the NM is analyzed and corresponding kinematic models of work sub-phases are derived. Subsequently, the transition from the work phase of the jaw closed to the opened is studied. The research results show that during the transformation process, the mechanism presented another work phase with multiple impacts, which is the main reason why the NM could not stably clamp the cotton clump and thus affect the quality of the yarn combed by the comber. According to the relative coordinate method, the dynamic model of the NM is set up. Combining the classical collision theory and the restitution coefficient equation, the acquisition of the impact impulse generated at the jaw and the subsequent motion of the mechanism are decided. Finally, the NM in the E62 comber is taken as an example to verify the correctness of the established dynamic model, and the influences of different input speeds, restitution coefficients, and stiffness coefficients of spring on the jaw’s impact are studied. This has certain theoretical value for improving the speed and efficiency of the comber.
Citation: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
PubDate: 2024-01-05T09:51:36Z
DOI: 10.1177/15589250231215456
Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
