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- The Presence of Small Ruminants in the Provinces in the Research Area of
GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center (GAPUTAEM)
Authors: Hüseyin ACAR; Şahin TEZ, Hasan ÇETİN
Abstract: In this review, the presence of small ruminants in eleven provinces (Diyarbakır, Mardin, Şırnak, Siirt, Batman, Elazığ, Adıyaman, Malatya, Şanlıurfa, Bitlis and Hakkari) that are included in the GAPUTAEM study area, their change over the years and the effects of these provinces on Türkiye's average were mentioned.According to TUIK data in 2021, there are 9.266.248 sheep, 3.336.781 goats, a total of 12.603.029 sheep and goats in 11 provinces within the GAPUTAEM study area. The total number of sheep in Türkiye is 45.177.690 heads.The ratio of sheep presence in eleven provinces within the study area of GAPUTAEM is 20.51%. The total number of goats in Türkiye is 12.341.514 heads. The ratio of goats in the eleven provinces within the study area of GAPUTAEM is 27.04% in total. While the sheep population of the eleven provinces included in the GAPUTAEM study area was 4.728.997 head and 18.77% in 2004, its ratio to Turkey's total increased to 20.51% with 9.266.448 head in 2021. The increase in both numbers and rates is remarkable. Again, while the goat population of eleven provinces within the scope of GAPUTAEM was 20.83% in 2004 with 1.376.533 heads, it increased to 27.04% with 3.336.781 heads in 2021. The increase in the presence of goats is much higher than that of sheep.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Economic Analysis in a Small-Scale Farm Producing Rabbit for Meat Purposes
in Argentina
Authors: Exequiel SCİALFA; Marcelo RODRIGUEZ, Mariana RIVERO, Soledad PANE
Abstract: Rabbits in Argentina are mostly produced by rural farmers who maintain small-scale operations for meat and complements other farm activities. The main meats consumed in Argentine are beef (46.1 kg/per capita/year), poultry (45.2 kg/per capita/year), pork (14.6 kg/per capita/year) and sheep (1.06 kg/per capita/year); respect to rabbit meat, not exceed 2 g/per capita/year. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic efficiency and feed cost of rabbit production for meat in a small-scale farm of Argentina. The global FCR was of 5.7, and an average of 15.9 kg/animal were required to produce live weight of slaughtered one rabbit of 2.85 kg. The average of rabbit price/feed price and the relation of rabbit meat price/feed price was of ratio was of 15.2 and 10.8 respectively. The global FCR worsens when the productivity values are lower than 2.5 animals/doe/month. The profit obtained for each commercialized rabbit was very low (USD 0.06/animal). Within the strategies to develop the productive chain of rabbit meat in Argentina, it should aim to stimulate the consumption habit promoting the high nutritional quality of the meat, improve the superior price ratio with respect to other meats such as chicken and pork.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- The Analysis of Macro Data on Sustainability of Livestock Farming in
Türkiye
Authors: Gülşen KESKİN
Abstract: Animal agriculture in Türkiye is a focus of discussion because of meat importing, high animal feed prices and the lower consumption of animal products compared to developed countries. The Covid-19 pandemic of the past two and a half years has once again reminded us of the importance of independence in agriculture and food products, and the priority of every country is to satisfy consumption by home production. However, this is dependent on sustainable production, and ensuring economic sustainability in production depends on an increase in the income of producers, and the cost of production being at a level at which the consumer is able to buy the products. In this study, the sustainability of animal rearing is considered from an economic aspect, and the topic was examined with macro data. According to this, the consumption of animal products is less than in developed countries, and product prices have risen as a result of increasing input costs. Between 2006 and 2021, the parity of veal to fattening feed fell by 49.1% from 32.1 to 15.8, that of milk to dairy cattle feed from 2.2 to 1.0, and that of eggs to laying feed from 6.2 to 2.7. This has made the sustainability of farm production more difficult. Per capita income in agricultural employment fell after 2016, and in 2020 it was estimated according to the value of marketed animal products that daily income was between $1.4and4.1 and this approximately doubled with the value of marketed live animals. If the whole of home production is consumed, the consumption of animal products is $1.33 per capita, according to 2008-2019 average data.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Effects of Dietary Chia Seeds and Oil on Performance, Egg Quality and
Serum Constituents in Quails
Authors: Alpönder YILDIZ; Osman OLGUN, Esra Tuğçe GÜL
Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary chia seeds and oil levels in laying quails on performance, external and internal egg quality traits, and serum biochemical properties. Total of 90 female Japanese quails 10 weeks old were randomly allocated to five treatment groups consisting of six subgroups, each containing of 3 quails. Quails were fed for 10 weeks with five treatment diets prepared by adding chia seeds (1 and 2%) and chia oil (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) to the basal diet (control). Body weight change was improved by dietary addition of 2% chia seeds (P<0.05), but other performance traits were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Compared to control, the supplementation of chia seeds (1 and 2%) and 0.5 g/kg of chia oil to the diet was effective in increasing the eggshell resistance (P<0.01). Other egg quality parameters did not affected by the administration of chia seeds and oil to the diet (P>0.05). Serum glucose and HDL levels increased with the addition of chia seeds (%1) and oil (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) to the diet (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Serum calcium level, on the other hand, was adversely affected by the addition of high levels of chia seeds (%2) and oil (1.0 g/kg) to the diet (P<0.01). As a result, chia seeds was effective in improving eggshell quality, and chia oil was effective in improving serum glucose and HDL levels in laying quails.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- The Effect of Different Carbohydrate Sources on Mating and Diapause
Performance of Bumble bee (Bombus terrestris L.) Queens
Authors: Esra Bahar ÇATAL; İsmail Yaşhan BULUŞ, Ayhan GÖSTERİT
Abstract: Bombus terrestris, which are the most widely mass-reared bumblebee species in the world, present a crucial contribution to the pollination of both natural and cultured flowering plants. Mating and diapause stages are critically important like all other stages in B. terrestris rearing under controlled conditions. The contribution of feeding of the colonies and the queen bees to the success of these stages is quite high. Pollen is used as a protein source and sugar syrup prepared in different ways as a carbohydrate source is used for feeding purposes in mass rearing. In this study, four different carbohydrate sources (i) industrial feeding syrup used in supplementary feeding of honey bees (fructose 37-40%, glucose 27-30%, sucrose 30-36%), (ii) high fructose corn syrup (fructose 42-45%, glucose 50-54%), (iii) honey (flower honey) and (iv) tea sugar, which is a natural carbohydrate source for bees) was aimed to determine on the mating and diapause performances of B. terrestris queens. Some characteristics related to the mating performance of the queen bees (mortality rate up to mating age, time before mating, mating rate and mating time) and diapause performance (mortality rates during diapause and weekly weight losses) were determined in the study. According to findings, the lowest mortality ratio (3.33%) is in group that fed with high fructose corn syrup until maturity ages, the highest mating ratio (84.91) is in group that fed with honey-prepared syrup, and the lowest mortality ratio (2.44%) in diapause is in group that fed with sucrose syrup is determined. The results showed that the quality of the carbohydrate source used for feeding in the mass-rearing of B. terrestris may have an effect on the mating and diapause performances of queen bees.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of Socio-Economic Characteristics, Farming Structures and
Problems of Women Farmers Selling Milk and Dairy Products in Periodic
Markets: A Case of Isparta Province
Authors: Hasan YILMAZ; Merve Mürüvvet DAĞ, Şüheda Nur ÖZTÜRK
Abstract: Marketing is very important in milk and dairy products, which are a product group with a perishable quality. It is known that women farmers play an important role in ensuring food security and safety in our country, where small family businesses are common in milk production. Women farmers play an important role in the marketing of milk and dairy products obtained from the milk they process in periodic markets and make significant contributions to the family economy. In this study, it was aimed to determine the socio-economic characteristics, farming structures, farming and marketing problems of women farmers who market milk and dairy products in the periodic markets established in the city center of Isparta. For this purpose, the data obtained by conducting a survey with 74 women farmers who market open milk and dairy products in the periodic markets established in the city center of Isparta were analyzed. According to the findings of the research, the average number of cattle is 7.36 heads, the average number of milked cows is 6.81 heads, the average time worked to produce dairy products is 2.59 hours/day, and the average amount of milk produced is 56.42 kg/farm. It has been determined that 87.80% of the farm is milked by machine and 59.46% have closed barn type. It has been determined that 93.20% of the producers sell open milk in the market. It has been determined that 50% of the producers use the money they earn in purchasing animal feed. It has been determined that the most important problem faced by the producers in the market is the problem of finding a place (18.90%). Safe food production includes not only the production phase but also the marketing process of the product. For this reason, it is important to review the marketing of milk and dairy products, which are traditionally marketed in periodic markets in Isparta, in terms of food safety and to improve the marketing conditions of women farmers.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
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