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- Vibrio hepatarius septicemia with subacute enteritis in common guitarfish,
Rhinobatos rhinobatos
Authors: Kemal BAĞCI; Neslihan KÖSTEBEKCİ, Merve TAŞGIN, Ebrucan BULUT, Kübra BALCI, Ece YURDDAS, Nihed AJMİ, Burak OZDEMİR, Fatih Hira AYTEKİN, Özkan YAVAŞ, Muhammed DUMAN
Abstract: Common guitarfish (Rhinobatos rhinobatos) are an endangered species and are placed on the red list of “Critically Endangered, CR” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Guitarfish are kept in captivity and are protected in public aquaria globally, but there is limited information about the diseases for this species. In this research, mortalities (14%) observed in common guitarfish in a public aquarium are reported. Severe hemorrhagic lesions on the ventral body side and reduced feed intake were observed in the affected animals. Two guitarfish were referred for necropsy, microbiological and histopathological examination. Macroscopic findings included severe ecchymotic hemorrhages in the ventral body, bloating of the gastrointestinal tract due to invasive mass, and hyperemia of the colon vessels and obstruction of the colon lumen. Histopathological examination revealed degenerations and necrosis in the liver, desquamation of intestinal villi, severe mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis in distal intestine, severe bacterial aggregates in different organs, pancreatitis, vasculitis, and filamentous bacteria-like structures. Vibrio hepatarius was isolated and identified with multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA); multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that the agent belonged to a novel sequence type, 247. After the first description of V. hepatarius in wild healthy adults of Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from Ecuador, this is the first report of deaths due to V. hepatarius observed in common guitarfish kept in captivity in a public aquarium.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Ongoing Data from Presence of Zoonotic Anisakis Larvae in Imported Fish in
Turkish Supermarkets: Frozen Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus) and
Smoked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)
Authors: Gökmen Zafer PEKMEZCİ; Ertan Emek ONUK, Banu YARDIMCI
Abstract: Anisakis pegreffii and A. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) are the main etiological agents causing human anisakiasis. Here, we aimed to investigate based on the pepsin digestion method of the occurrence of Anisakis larvae in imported deep-frozen whole Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) from FAO 27 to Turkey and smoked Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon fillets (Salmo salar) between 2018 and 2019. A total of 100 whole Atlantic mackerel and 180 Atlantic salmon fillets were randomly sampled from local Turkish supermarkets. No Anisakis larvae were detected in smoked Atlantic salmon fillets. In total, 827 Anisakis larvae were found in mackerel, and the prevalence was 68% (68/100). The mI and mA of Anisakis larvae in mackerel were 13.1 and 8.2, respectively. Whereas the 95.28% (788/827) of the Anisakis larvae were found in abdominal cavity/viscera, the 4.72 % (39/827) of the larvae in the muscle. The prevalence and mI of Anisakis larvae in the abdominal cavity/viscera and muscle of mackerel was 63.0% (63/100) and 42.0% (42/100), and 12.5 and 0.9, respectively. The subsample of 100 larvae was molecularly identified by ITS RFLP patterns. The 99 (99.0%) larvae were identified as A. simplex (s.s.), and 1 (1.0%) larva was A. pegreffii. Consequently, there is low or no risk of anisakiasis in smoked farmed Atlantic salmon for Turkish consumers. The 42.0% prevalence of zoonotic Anisakis species larvae in imported Atlantic mackerel fillets could have public health risk in Turkish consumers for anisakiasis or allergy.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- A New Healer in the Treatment of Diabetes and Diabetic Wounds: Stevia
rebaudiana
Authors: Nisanur KUNT; Şule Coşkun CEVHER
Abstract: Diabetes, one of the most common diseases in the world, causes a decrease in the formation of macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, platelets, and, fibroblasts, which play a role in the cellular response to tissue damage in wound healing, and a decrease in the cytokines they secrete, inflammatory mediators, or growth factors, making wound healing difficult. As the healing period of the wounds increases, the psychology of the patients is adversely affected by the inability to return to their daily routines, the loss the of workforce increases, and the country's economy is adversely affected. In the last decades, because of the increase in many diseases such as diabetes and diabetes-related wounds, the use of calorie-free foods and herbal treatment methods has been preferred. Plants are increasingly being used as a source of pharmaceutical medications since they are simple to obtain, have no negative side effects, are affordable, and are simple to utilize. In order to meet these needs, sweeteners containing stevia extracts or components, obtained from the Stevia rebaudiana plant, that are calorie-free and 300 fold sweeter than cane sugar, have been on the market for some time. Despite the fact that Stevia rebaudiana, often known as sugar grass, is not a commonly utilized plant around the globe, it is possible to find literature that claims it is used as a preventive and curative for a variety of diseases. Although Stevia rebaudiana has various biological effects such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, and antimicrobial, knowledge of diabetes and its effects on diabetic wound healing are limited. The purpose of this review is to evaluate how effectively Stevia rebaudiana treats diabetes and diabetic wounds.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Determination and Assessment of Construction and Demolition Wastes in
Disaster Times: A Case Study of the Kahramanmaras Earthquake
Authors: Uğur Emre TEMELLİ; Naim SEZGİN, Bilge ÖZDOĞAN CUMALI
Abstract: The management of construction and demolition wastes in intense urbanization regions presents various challenges, including insufficient landfill space, high land and transportation costs, and environmental risks. Having waste management plans that consider different scenarios is crucial when dealing with construction and demolition waste resulting from disasters like earthquakes. This approach can help minimize environmental risks associated with the waste. The fact that construction and demolition waste contain recyclable and reusable materials such as brick, sand, wood, glass, plastic, and metal indicate that these wastes hold economic value. Therefore, it is crucial to develop waste management plans for the proper disposal, recovery, and reuse of these materials. These plans should consider different scenarios and include cost analyses to maximize economic benefits. In this study, the approximate mass and volumetric amounts of construction debris wastes formed due to the earthquake that occurred in Kahramanmaras on February 6, 2023, were calculated, and the amounts of scrap iron waste (SIW) and mineral fraction wastes (MFW) that may occur in these wastes were determined. The transportation and recovery costs that may occur for the use of raw materials in the recycling/cement factories of SIW and MFW have been calculated. According to the results obtained in the study, the amounts of construction and demolition waste were found to be approximately 97 million tons and 120 million m3 by mass and volume, respectively. However, the amounts of SIW and MFW were calculated as 935 thousand tons and 57 million tons, respectively. The transportation costs for the recycling and utilization of these wastes as raw materials have been determined as approximately 5.6 million and 142.6 million €. In addition, according to the results obtained from the study, approximately 37.5% in mineral fractions by using these wastes as raw materials; In scrap iron, it has been determined that it can provide an economic gain of 13.1% or 75.5%.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Fish Fauna of the Akgöl-Ereğli Marshes, One of the Drying Lakes
of Central Anatolia
Authors: Salim Serkan GÜÇLÜ; Fahrettin KÜÇÜK, İskender GÜLLE, Ergi BAHRİOĞLU
Abstract: In this study, the change in fish fauna was examined from 1925 to the present, when the first scientific records were given in Akgöl-Ereğli Marshes, one of the largest wetlands of the Konya Closed Basin. The depth of Akgöl was reported as 10 m in the early 1980s. It quickly became shallow 5-6 years after the construction of the İvriz Dam in 1984. Today, it has been turned into a dirty saltwater dish (3.0 ppt, conductivity 5559 µS/cm) in a very limited area of approximately 343 ha, at a maximum depth of 40-50 cm, by surrounding it with an artificial barrage to prevent it from completely drying out.In the first ichthyofaunistic study, Acanthorutilus anatolicis, Varicorhinus kemali, and Rutilius tricolor were described by Hanko (1925) on the lake. It is followed by Akşiray (1948) with the description of Aphanius sophiae similis, and Bănărescu et al. (1978) described Orthrias angorae eregliensis in the same lake.In this study, only Paraphanius similis (kelp) was detected in the undersized remains of ancient Akgöl. It has been determined that 8 fish species, including Pseudophoxinus anatolicus (oilfish), Pseudophoxinus battalgilae (flower, grassfish), Gobio hettitorum (goby, wicker), Garra kemali (Ereğli reed fish), Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Eregliensis), Anatolichthys anatoliae (mossfish) and Gambusia holbrooki (mosquito fish) live in the partially clean irrigation water and drainage channels coming from the İvriz Dam Lake. While the fact that 7 of the 8 identified species are endemic reveals the ichthyofaunistic importance of the region, it is seen that the fauna, which is still at great risk, should be protected with effective protection measures. The fact that 7 of the 8 identified species are endemic reveals the ichthyofaunistic importance of the region. At the same time, it is seen that the fauna, which is still at great risk, should be protected with effective conservation measures.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Investigation of Endoparasites in Some Freshwater Fish Caught in
Çankırı Province from Türkiye
Authors: Elçin DEDE; Gökmen Zafer PEKMEZCİ, Banuçiçek YÜCESAN, Özcan ÖZKAN
Abstract: In the present study, the digestive system of 37 freshwater fish species (20 Cyprinus carpio, 7 Capoeta tinca, 5 Squalius cephalaus, 5 Alburnus spp.) caught from 9 different stations within the provincial borders of Çankırı province in 2021 was investigated for the presence of endoparasites. Helminths were morphologically identified and the infection parameters were calculated. Parasitic nematodes which including at least one species were collected in the digestive tract of 9 (24.32%) of 37 fish that were made parasitological examination. A total of 24 nematode species, Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (2), Rhabdochona gnedini (11), R. denudata (7) ve Rhabdochona spp. (4), were morphologically identified. Nematode parasites were detected in 15% (3/20) of 20 C. carpio, 42,9% (3/7) of 7 C. tinca, 40% (2/5) of 5 S. cephalus and 20% (1/5) of 5 Alburnus spp.In this study, Rhabdochona spp. and P. tomentosa were found in C. carpio; R. gnedini and R. denudata in S. cephalaus; R. gnedini and R. denudata in C. tinca, and R. gnedini in Alburnus spp. Rhabdochona gnedini was also reported for the first time in Turkey within the present study. Moreover, this parasite species is a new record for the fish parasite fauna of Turkey.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- An Approach for The Assessment of The Ecosystem-Based Quality Status of
Floodplains
Authors: Muhammet AZLAK; Aysel Gamze YÜCEL IŞILDAR
Abstract: Floodplains are ecosystems where water spreads out in the event of a river overflow, both aquatic and terrestrial habitats coexist, and host various plant and animal species. These ecosystems are important ecosystems in terms of sustainable environment and socio-economic aspects, and they provide various benefits to human well-being through the services they offer. However, today, floodplain ecosystem services have been negatively affected by activities such as urbanization and agriculture, and a significant portion of these ecosystems have been lost. This situation highlights the necessity of assessing and managing floodplain ecosystems based on their ecological quality. Many countries, especially in Europe, have started to conduct studies on the ecosystem-based assessment of floodplains and management plans have begun to be prepared for the protection of ecosystem services, taking into account the quality status. The issue of deterioration of the natural structures of floodplains through various interventions is also on the agenda for Türkiye. Therefore, there is a need for a method to assess the quality of floodplains in Türkiye and to carry out an assessment study. In order to address this issue, with this study, it is aimed to develop a method that considers the databases in Türkiye, has a wide scope, and makes an assessment compatible with the Water Framework Directive (WFD). In this context, first, the parameters used to determine the ecological quality of floodplains in the existing literature were identified, and assessment criteria were defined. Then, a WFD-compatible assessment structure was created using these criteria, and a method was developed that could be used to determine the ecological quality status of floodplains in Türkiye.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Volatile component and fatty acid composition of leaves and flowers of
sandalwood (Arbutus andrachne L.)
Authors: Ebru Hatice TIĞLI KAYTANLIOĞLU; Hüseyin FAKİR, Nilay ÇİÇEK
Abstract: Sandalwood (Arbutus spp.) is a member of the Ericaceae family. There are two types. In addition, Arbutus x andrachnoides, a natural hybrid of these two species, has been reported in various locations in Anatolia’s. The species is distributed in the coastal areas of Anatolia and has edible fruits. The fruits are used to prepare jams, fruit jellies and wine. In addition, its fruits have been preferred in the making of ornamental wreaths in recent years. In this study, fatty acid and volatile components of Arbutus andrachne leaves and flowers were determined by HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis. The study material was collected from the provinces of Isparta, Adana, Antalya and Muğla. As a result of the analysis of the leaves and flowers of the sandalwood plant, 73 volatile compounds were found in Isparta, 67 in Adana, 74 in Antalya and 57 in Muğla. The most active volatile components of sandalwood in Antalya sample: E-2-Hexenal (%33.69), Hexanal (%8.77), 2.4-Hexadienal (%4.32), in Isparta sample; E-2-Hexenal (%20.97), 2-Butenal (%7.52), Acetic acid (%6.38), in Adana sample; In the example of Hexanal (%14.17), 2-Butenal (%8.58), E-2-Hexenal (%6.70); It was determined as B-Bisabolene (%54.75), caryophyllene (%8.66), E-2-Hexenal (%3.94).The highest percentage of fatty acids was found in the samples of Muğla, Adana and Isparta provinces with alpha-linolenic acid (%46.17; %38.68; %28.91, respectively), palmitic acid (%16.46; %11.09; %20.99, respectively), linoleic acid (%10.66; %10.62; %15.06, respectively), %29.03 palmitic acid and %25.21 stearic acid in the Antalya Province sample.The results obtained because of the study were compared with other studies. Although there are similar studies in the Blackberry (Arbutus unedo) species, it has been understood that there are not enough studies on volatile components and fatty acids from leaf and flower samples in the studies conducted with Sandalwood (Arbutus andrachne).
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Cover and Contents
Authors: Bülent VEREP
Abstract: Cover and contents contains the cover and the titles of articles of this issue..
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- A Study on the Seasonal Variation of Atasu Dam (Trabzon, Turkey) Algae
Authors: Arif AKSOY; Elif Neyran SOYLU
Abstract: The seasonal variation of the Atasu dam phytoplankton, which was established on the Galyan Stream of Trabzon Maçka district and meets a large part of Trabzon province as drinking water, was counted and identified in monthly periods from 5 stations determined between September 2021 and August 2022. The change of algal flora in the dam lake was determined in a one-year period. As a phytoplankton group, 70 taxa Bacillariophyta, 4 taxa Chlorophyta, 3 taxa Cyanobacteria, 2 taxa Euglenophyta, 1 taxon Charophyta, totally 80 taxa were recorded in Atasu Dam. The water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity of the water samples were measured and recorded monthly. Monthly precipitation amount and temperature values were obtained from Trabzon Meteorology Directorate and presented graphically. As a result of all these data, it was seen that Atasu Dam is not eutrophic but carries a risk of contamination.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Toxic Metal Contents and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment in
Cultured Trout Sampled from Samsun Fish Market
Authors: Öztekin YARDIM; Levent BAT
Abstract: Metals are a severe threat because of their toxicity, protracted persistence, bio-accumulative nature, and biomagnification in the food chain. This study carried out to investigate the potential health hazards of four hazardous metallic elements via trout consumption. Twenty specimens of big trout were purchased between March and June 2022 from Samsun Fish Market. The metallic elements were assessed by the contamination level of non-essential arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) in the edible tissues of big trout. The results didn't show any significant differences between months. The lowest metal level was Cd, followed by Hg Pb and As. The findings of the assessment of potential dangers to human health revealed that the indices for estimated weekly intake (EWI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) are below the specified welfare standards. Additionally, there was no potential carcinogenic risk to human health because the total THQs, hazard index (HI) and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) index fell below the thresholds. In conclusion, it was determined that the consumption of O. mykiss taken from Samsun Fish Market did not cause any health problems.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Micro-hydropower technology for sustainable energy generation in
wastewater treatment plants: A case study from Istanbul
Authors: Zafer KAYIKÇI; Ceyhun AKARSU, V. Zülal SÖNMEZ, Nuket SİVRİ
Abstract: Increasing population and technological developments reveal the necessity of finding sustainable solutions for the intense need for energy resources. Rapid access to science-based, nature-friendly, clean energy sources is the most effective solution for sustainability. Also addressed in this scenario is the evaluation of the most efficient use potential of existing natural resources for electricity generation. Micro-hydropower plants are considered a promising option due to their high efficiency and sustainable characteristics. This study proposes and investigates a method to quantify the hydropower potential based on the surplus energy in three different wastewater treatment plants in İstanbul. Accordingly, the potential turbine outputs for each WWTP were found to be 93.34 kW/hr, 90.21 kW/hr and 36.85 kW/hr, respectively. It was found that the payback periods of the turbine systems that can be installed at the application points are 0.5 years, 0.5 years, and 0.9 years, respectively. Under today's conditions of accelerating global energy demand and climate change, these data show that micro-hydro power plants offer an alternative solution.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Effects of Oregano Essential Oil (Origanum onites L.) Supplementation on
Growth and Biochemical Metabolites in Merino Lambs
Authors: Deniz KARAKCI; İsmail ÇETİN, Ece ÇETİN
Abstract: After the prohibition of antibiotic usage to improve performance, the breeders have guided to natural resources for this purpose. Essential oils have many beneficial effects and they are ideal to use as a growth promoter feed additive in livestock. In our study for this reason, we used oregano essential oil (Origanum onites L.) in the treatment groups. Thirty Merino lambs (aged of 2.5 month and weighted average 30±0.1 kg) were housed in 45-day to determine the effects of oregano oil on the growth and biochemical metabolites. The main ration includes consisting of concentrate and alfalfa hay. In the control group oregano essential oil was not added. The second group (ORG 250) was supplemented with 250 mg/d oregano essential oil, third group (ORG 500) also were supplemented with 500 mg/d. Bloods were taken from 8 animals for each group in the initial and end of the study. Samples were collected into anticoagulant tubes and plasma were allocated into microtubes and stored until the analysis day. There were statistically differences in growth hormone (GH), total protein, triglyceride, AST concentrations in ORG 500 group at 45th day (p
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Microplastic Occurrence in Mugil Cephalus
Authors: Yahya TERZİ
Abstract: Microplastic (MP) ingestion by fish can not only impact the environment but also human health. This study determines the abundance and composition (polymer, shape, size) of MPs ingested by gray mullet (Mugil cephalus). A total of 30 specimens were purchased from local fish market collected from Lake Cernek located in Kızılırmak Delta, Türkiye by local fishermen. The digestive tracts of the fish were removed and digested with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to extract microplastics. The share of the contaminated fish with microplastics was 90%. The average microplastic abundance by individual and weight were 2.87±0.27 MP/ind and 0.014±0.001 MP/g respectively. The length, weight, and condition factor of the fish did not correlate with MP abundance (Spearman’s correlation, p > 0.05). Four different polymer types were determined in the digestive tract of the specimens. The composition of polymers consisted of 44.58% polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 34.94% polypropylene (PP), 10.84% polyethylene (PE), and 9.64% polyamide (PA). The determined shapes were fiber (67.47%), fragment (20.48%), and film (12.05%). The size range of MP particles was ranged between 132 μm to 4850 μm, and the average was 1522.45±131.22 μm.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Histopathology as a Biomarker for Monitoring Aquatic Environments
Authors: Ahmet Erdem DÖNMEZ
Abstract: Chemical monitoring of aquatic environments helps to measure the degree of contamination in waters. However, biomonitoring tools are needed in impact assessment studies to determine the effects of pollution. Evaluation of pollution effects on various organisms, including fish, can be done using biomarker responses. Different fish species have been investigated in various biochemical studies for this purpose. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) also includes histopathological evaluation in the set of biomarkers used for biological evaluation in various pollutant monitoring programs. The use of histopathological techniques allows the examination of specific target organs and cells affected by exposure to environmental chemicals. The indicators examined are frequently used in fish health studies to provide information about the chronic and nonlethal effects of pollutants on the organs of fish and to evaluate the resulting stress. Because histopathological changes in fish mainly depend on water quality. They are generally more common in the investigation of polluted water ecosystems, as they are good indicators for identifying altered or contaminated environments. Changes in fish metabolism and physiology also cause changes in organ morphology. These changes can be detected by histopathological examination. In addition, by using a scoring system, it is possible to determine the level of relationship between these changes and environmental stress factors. Lesions in the gills, liver, kidney and skin tissues are the most commonly used histopathological indicators in the evaluation of the health status of fish. For these reasons, histopathological examination is also accepted as the gold standard, especially in the identification of toxicological effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the importance of histopathology as a biomarker in monitoring aquatic environments
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- A comparative analysis of Trabzon and Samsun Fish Markets Records Between
2013 and 2021
Authors: Rahşan Evren MAZLUM; Rafet Sema SEMERCİOĞLU
Abstract: In this study reports that the annual amounts of fishes which are marketing in Trabzon and Samsun fish market between 2013 and 2021. It was determined that 14 species were traded in Trabzon fish market and 21 species were traded in Samsun fish market. When the marketed species were analyzed according to their source, it was determined that about 93% of Trabzon was obtained by hunting and 7% by aquaculture and in Samsun was about 91% by fishing and 9%from aquaculture. Anchovy (43.7%-71.2%) was the most marketed species in Trabzon and Samsun fish markets during the years the records were examined, followed by horse mackerel, bonito and whiting. According to the fish market records, the percentage of these four species varies between 70.8% and 94.1% over the years. The average product quantity between 2013 and 2021 was found as 6145.3 tons ± 1783.2 for Trabzon fish market and 10008.7 tons ± 1495,8 for Samsun fish market. Between 2013-2021, when the contribution of 2 wholesale fish markets fishing production to the Eastern Black Sea regions fishing production was 10.2±3.44%, was 5,41±0.93% in of total fish trade in Blacks Sea region. The highest contribution of these two fish markets was in 2018 (16.22%), and this rate was 12.4% in 2021.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
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