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- Assessment of Drought Hazard of Yapıaltın Dam Lake (Sivas-Türkiye)
According to the Water Occupancy Rates of the Last Thirteen Years
Authors: Seher Dirican
Abstract: Global problems affect all living things. Global warming and the resulting global climate change affect the natural balance in the systems and processes of the hydrobiological cycle. The number one factor necessary for the continuation of life on earth is water. But the world has been in danger of drought for a very long time. Drought danger is a serious problem that can lead to a decrease in biodiversity, drying of vegetation, soil erosion, decrease in agricultural production, decrease in water resources and water scarcity. Yapıaltın Dam Lake was established between 1975-1977 for agricultural irrigation and flood protection. This research focused on the assessment of drought hazard in Yapıaltın Dam Lake according to the water occupancy rates of the last thirteen years. For this reason, the data of the water occupancy rates in Yapıaltın Dam Lake for the years 2010-2022 were presented and evaluated in this research. As a result, the average water fill rate of Yapıaltın Dam Lake, which has fallen below 20 percent compared to the last thirteen years, carries a potential risk for agricultural irrigation. For this reason, the waters of the Yapıaltın Dam Lake should be used more consciously than ever before and classical irrigation methods should be abandoned.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Performance of Chitosan/Carbon Nanotube-Coated Ultrafiltration Membranes
for Natural Organic Matter Removal from Drinking Water
Authors: İsmail Hakkı Zengin; Mehmet Çakmakcı, Fatma Busra Buyukbuberoglu, Doğan Karadağ, Cenk Denkdaş, Oğuzhan Avcıata, Afşin Çetinkaya
Abstract: The objective of this study is to improve the filtration efficiency of commercially available polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, with a specific focus on removing natural organicmatter (NOM) and preventing membrane fouling. The modification of UF membranes was accomplished by utilizing chitosan/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS/MWCNT-OH) and employing both dip and spincoating techniques. The membrane surface morphologies were evaluated using the Attenuated TotalReflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Tests werecarried out to assess the effectiveness of the membranes in a laboratory-scale system using two primary water sources from Istanbul, specifically the Melen River and Terkos Lake. Total organic carbon (TOC), UV254 absorbance, turbidity, and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were all measured as part of a thorough analysis. The surface morphology investigations verified the effective deposition of MWCNT-OH nanoparticles onto the membrane surface. This was corroborated by the reduction in the water contact angle, showing an improvement in the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The modified membranes demonstrated much higher TOC removal rates compared to the original membranes. Specifically, the removal efficiencies for Melen River and Terkos Lake were 37.14% and 56.86%, respectively. Nevertheless, the alteration of the surface led to a decline in membrane flux as a result of the concurrent drop in pore size. To summarize, the results of this work highlights the considerable capability of surface modification using CS/MWCNT-OH to improve the performance and antifouling characteristics of commercial PES UF membranes.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Effects of Bees and Bee Products on Human and Anımal Health
Authors: Emine Gültekin
Abstract: One of the creatures that are beneficial to nature and humans is bees. In addition totheir production in their life cycle, they ensure their nutrition, the nutrition of their offspring, andthe protection of their hives. As a result of these purposes, they create valuable products. Theimportance of bee products is better understood when natural nutrition is considered. Bees andbee products have been used for therapeutic purposes in the past. This rapidly developing method,now called Apitherapy, has been accepted in the medical world as it is based on the results ofscientific research and supports modern medicine. Honey bee products such as honey, pollen,royal jelly, propolis, bee venom, and bee bread are widely used in human and animal health.Information about some properties of honey and bee products and their effects on health arecompiled and conveyed in this review.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Examination of Changes in Soil Temperatures in Different Growing
Environments, KTÜ Perennial Garden Example
Authors: Türker Oğuztürk; Cengiz Acar
Abstract: This study aims to examine how soil temperatures in different growing environments change according to months and growing environments in the example of the perennial garden established at Karadeniz Technical University. In the study, 12 growing environments were created with 4 different vertical layer combination types in 50% stream shaft + 50% soil, 25% stream shaft + 75% soil and 100% soil nutrient media. Vertical layers in the habitats were created with 7 natural taxa and 10 exotic taxa. The effects of these 12 growing environments on soil temperature were investigated. Temperature (°C) and electrical conductivity (EC) were continuously measured and recorded. In accordance with the purpose of the study, soil temperatures and EC values were measured regularly from a depth of 5 cm from the surface of the growing media in 12 prepared growing media. Thanks to the measurement data obtained, it is aimed to determine how soil temperatures and EC values change in different nutrient media and different vertical layer systems. According to the analysis results, the amount of silt mixture in the soil significantly affects the monthly average temperature and EC values. The results obtained from the study provide important information to protect plant health and optimize plant production efficiency. This study, carried out on the example of the perennial garden of Karadeniz Technical University, will enable the development of plant growing strategies compatible with regional soil structure and climate characteristics and gaining new perspectives.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Status of Goose Breeding in the Aegean Region Problems and Solution
Suggestions
Authors: Yüksel Akın
Abstract: Goose breeding is an important alternative animal husbandry activity after egg and meat poultry farming in rural areas of Turkey, as it is all over the world. Goose breeding activities in the Aegean Region are carried out, especially in the provinces of Kütahya, Afyonkarahisar and Uşak. In the studies carried out in the region, the main problems of breeders are the costs of feed, breeding animals, hatching eggs, chicks, etc. stated as acquisition. In addition, it was pointed out that there were losses in incubation as breeders did not have sufficient information on breeder selection, egg storage conditions, fumigation process and incubation process. Seminars, conferences, informative brochures, posters, etc. as will be organized by universities and provincial/district directorates of agriculture breeders should be informed about the activities. Expanding the scope of goose breeding support incentives may be beneficial for the sustainability of goose breeding in the region.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- A Case Study on Economic Analysis of Sea Cage Farms in the Black Sea,
Türkiye
Authors: Büket Buşra Dağtekin
Abstract: The main aim of this research is to understand the value chains of enterprises engaged in aquaculture in sea cages in the Black Sea region of Türkiye, to determine production costs and to make a general analysis of the aquaculture sector. Random sampling method was used to ensure that farmers were equally represented in the survey. Data for the survey were randomly selected from 16 separate farms spread throughout 4 different marine cage locations. Furthermore, fish traders and sector stakeholders were interviewed. The businesses examined within the scope of the study are divided into 3 groups: small (250 -500 tons/year), medium (501-999 tons/year) and large (>1000 tons/year), according to their capacities. The most important expense items of enterprises consist of variable costs. Among the variable costs, the purchase of fry fish, feed purchase, and labor costs constitute the most important expenditure items. Among the fixed costs, the most important expense is depreciation costs. The unit cost of one kg of fish varies between 2.7 and 3.0 euros. Considering that the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Black Sea are at the level of 3.5 Euro, the profit rate of the enterprises is between these levels. Recently, since trout from the Black Sea has been exported to the Far East Country (particularly Japan), its price has also increased. In 2018, the average retail price (including VAT) and medium selling price of seabass and trout were at a level of 5.24 and 5.34 Euros respectively. Despite all these positive developments, climate change continues to pose a threat in terms of disease outbreak and marketing problems.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- First Record for Salmo munzuricus Turan, Kottelat & Kaya, 2017 (Teleostei:
Salmonidae) in Pülümür Stream-Roj Creek (Kutudere, Tunceli, Turkey),
Tunceli, Turkey)
Authors: Mehmet Kocabaş; Davut Turan, Filiz Kutluyer Kocabaş
Abstract: In this study, Salmo munzuricus Turan, Kottelat & Kaya, 2017 species, which is known to be distributed in Munzur Stream, is recorded for the first time from Roj Stream, a branch of Pülümür Stream. When the individuals obtained were compared with other trout species in the nearby basin, it was determined that this population was different from other populations. Additionally, in this study, the morphological characters of the species are presented in detail.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- The Anti-Proliferative Effects of Ficus carica Latex on Cancer and Normal
Cells
Authors: Ferhunde Aysin; Nihal Şimşek Özek, Nurullah Acet, Kubra Koc
Abstract: The stems of unripe fig fruits or leaves contain a white liquid called fig latex. Fig latex contains compounds that are effective against cancer cells. It is used for various purposes in folk medicine and has been proven to have superior pharmacological properties in modern studies. The industrial value of latex from a cosmetic perspective is increasing as well. In the current study, the cytotoxic effect of fig latex obtained from Ficus carica was evaluated by MTT analysis on lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), and non-tumorogenic lung (MRC-5) cell lines. All cell lines were treated with various dilutions of fig latex ranging from 1/1500 to 1/12 for 48 hours. In cancer cells, it induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner, and high doses caused a more serious cytotoxic effect. On the other hand, it showed less cytotoxicity on healthy cells compared to cancer cells. Fig latex IC50 values were found to be 1/26, 1/40, 1/45, and 1/7 for A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MRC-5 cells, respectively. Based on our findings, fig latex showed selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells, making it a possible target for future cancer drug development. However, further research is needed to fully understand the potential use of fig latex and its bioactive compounds in cancer treatment in terms of their functional properties.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Biogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Based on Algal Biofilm Formed in the
Wastewater Treatment Plant and Their Dye Removal Performance
Authors: İlyas Taner Demirel; Bülent Akar, Cemalettin Baltacı, Ömer Karpuz, Esma Gülbahar
Abstract: In the field of environmental pollution removal, bioremediation plays a crucial role in removing or converting toxic substances from the environment. Bacteria, yeasts, molds, algae, and plants are widely used in bioremediation events. Recently, green-synthesized nanoparticles have also been employed in bioremediation applications. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were synthesized from algal biofilms that are naturally formed in the settling ponds of the Gümüşhane Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant. These biological nanoparticles were utilized to investigate their adsorption efficiency for water-polluting dyes such as methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and phenol red (PR). The synthesized FeONPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To test their efficacy, MB, MG, and PR dye solutions were treated with 5.0, 10.0, and 20 g/L FeONP concentrations. The remaining dye concentrations were quantified with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer after filtration. The results showed that FeONPs obtained from algal biofilms effectively removed MB, MG, and PR, with the highest efficiency observed for PR.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of Entomopathogenic Nematode Fauna in Şırnak,
Türkiye
Authors: Esengül Erdem; Mustafa Rüstemoğlu
Abstract: With increasing concerns over the adverse environmental impacts of chemical pesticides, there has been a growing interest towards sustainable pest management strategies worldwide. In this context, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have emerged as promising biological control agents against insect pests in agricultural production. This study focused on the isolation, identification, and characterization of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in Şırnak Province, Türkiye. Over the period from July to September 2023, a comprehensive survey involving the collection of 256 soil samples led to the successful isolation, of 11 EPN isolates, which accounted for 4.3% of the samples. Morphological examinations and molecular diagnostics, including mitochondrial COI and 18S rDNA gene regions, facilitated the precise identification of these isolates. Notably, our findings revealed a diverse population of EPNs, predominantly Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, comprising five isolates, alongside four distinct species of Steinernema (one Steinernema carpocapsae, one Steinernema affine, two Steinernema feltiae and two Steinernema sp.). Phylogenetic analysis, utilizing the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COXI) and the 18S rDNA gene regions, indicated low genetic variability within H. bacteriophora, whereas a higher level of diversity was observed among Steinernema species. Notably, the presence of diverse EPN species highlights their capacity as effective biocontrol agents against a range of insect pests. These findings provide valuable insights into the biodiversity of EPNs in Şırnak Province and underscore the significance of utilizing local isolates for sustainable agricultural practices. Further research is warranted to elucidate the efficacy of these isolates in integrated pest management strategies tailored to the region's specific agroecological conditions.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Correlating Gas/Particle-Phase Concentration of Indicator Polychlorinated
Biphenyls with Meteorological Factors in Bayburt, an Important University
City of Turkey
Authors: Cihan Paloluoğlu
Abstract: This study was carried out in two seasons in Bayburt University Baberti Campus (BUBC) in Bayburt city, which is an important university city in Turkey. Gas and particle phase atmospheric concentrations of Urban atmospheric Indicator Polychlorinated Biphenyls (i-PCBs: PCB#28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were determined at first. Then, by using different methods, the interactions between i-PCB concentrations and meteorological factors were investigated. Gas and particle phases of atmospheric i-PCB samples were collected using a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) in BUBC . Following this stage, the samples were analyzed in a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) by passing through appropriate extraction steps. According to the data obtained, the average gas phase ∑i-PCB concentration for the summer month was determined to be 11.314 pg/m3 during the sampling period while the average particle phase ∑i-PCB concentration was found to be 2.145 pg/m3. The average gas phase ∑i-PCB concentration was found to be 4.582 pg/m3 for the winter period while it was found to be 1.756 pg/m3 for the average particle phase ∑i-PCB concentration. In addition, the average total concentrations of i-PCBs were calculated to be 19.797 pg/m3. It was determined that meteorological factors especially temperature (from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation), wind velocity and direction, and rainfall have significant impacts on i-PCB concentration and its distribution. In light of these data, i-PCB concentrations determined in the gas phase were found to be higher than those in the particle phase. In addition, concentration rates determined in summer months were calculated to be higher compared to those calculated for winter months.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Effect of Different Thicknesses on Colour and Textural Characteristics of
Beef Cooked with Ohmic and Conventional Method
Authors: Anıl Uzun Özcan; Hüseyin Bozkurt
Abstract: The effect of different thicknesses (2.5, 4 and 5 cm) in cooking methods of ohmic and conventional on colour and textural attributes of beef was investigated in this study. At ohmic cooking three different voltage gradient (30, 50 and 70 V) was also used. Significant differences were found between the colour and majority of texture values of raw and cooked meat samples in both ohmic and conventional cooking methods (P
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Yaşlanmada tiyol/disülfür Homeostazisi ve Bazı
Mineraller
Authors: Recai Aci; Gülay Çiftci, Furkan Ümit, Pınar Kar, Mustafa Ermiş, Özüm Çaka
Abstract: Araştırmada farklı yaşlardaki sıçanlarda yaşlanmanın tiyol/disülfit dengesi ve serum mineral düzeylerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışma denekleri olarak sağlık durumu iyi 24 sağlıklı erkek Sprague-Dawley sıçanı kullanıldı. Grup 1'de 1,5 aylık yavru sıçanlar yer alırken bunu 6 aylık, 12 aylık ve 18 aylık gruplar takip etti. Serumdaki sodyum (Na), potasyum (K), klorür (Cl), fosfor (P), kalsiyum (Ca), demir (Fe) ve magnezyum (Mg) konsantrasyonları spektrofotometrik yöntem kullanılarak ölçüldü. Doğal Tiol (NTL) ve Toplam Tiyol (TTL) konsantrasyonları Rel Assay Diagnostics Equipment kullanılarak belirlendi. Farklı yaş gruplarındaki sıçanların Na, Fe ve Mg seviyeleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmadı (P>0.05). Grup 1 ile karşılaştırıldığında Grup 2 ve 3'ün Ca düzeylerinin anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu görüldü. Grup 4'te artmaya başladı (P0.05) tespit edildi. Yaş aldıkça disülfit seviyelerinin artmaya başladığı bulundu (P>0.05). Mineral miktarlarının ve tiyol/disülfür dengesinin yaşla birlikte değiştiği tespit edildi.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Length-Weight Relationships and Growth Parameters of Bogue, Boops boops,
(Linnaeus, 1758) from Didim, South-eastern Aegean Sea
Authors: Dilruba Seyhan Öztürk
Abstract: In this study length-weigth relationships and and growth parameters of Boops boops (Linneaus, 1756) sampled from Didim coasts, South-eastern Aegean Sea were investigated. A total of 361 specimens (226 females and 135 males) were sampled. The mean length and weights were 18.57 ± 2.46 cm and 60.74 ± 23.60 g for females and 17.63 ± 3.63 cm and 60.50 ± 36.87 g for males, respectively. The overall sex ratio (F:M) was determined as 1:1.67 (χ², P < 0.05). Length-weight relationships for all individuals were described by the parameters a = 0.0113, b = 2.93 and r² = 0.974. The exponent of the b parameter represented negative allometric growth in females, isometric growth in males and negative allometric growth in both sexes. Values were statically significant (P < 0.05). The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were calculated as L∞ = 35.34 cm, k = 0.156 year-1, t0 = -2.093 years for females; L∞ = 33.23 cm, k = 0.184 year-1, t0 = -1.268 years for males; L∞ = 41.23 cm, k = 0.117 year-1, t0 = -2.200 years for both sexes. The growth performance index (φ´) was estimated for females, males, and both sexes as 2.291, 2.310, and 2.302, respectively. Age determinations varied from 1 to 5 years and age class III was found dominant in both sexes.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Electron Microscopic and Morphometric Analysis of Wistar Rat Sperm
Authors: Emre Demirci
Abstract: The aim of the study is to image and morphologically examine epididymal sperm in Wistar rats with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The material of the study was epididymal sperm taken from three Wistar Rats. Routine fixation was performed on the obtained epididymal sperm using 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution. Morphometric measurements of sperm were carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The study focused on examining various regions of the sperm, including the head, midpiece, and the remainder of the flagellar segment. Measurements were taken into account in semen that preserved its integrity in different fields. Measurements of these regions were made with the ImageJ program. As a result of the measurements, it was determined that the average head length of rat semen was 7.821 ± 0.844 μm, the average total flagellum length was 168.549 ± 9.19 μm and the average flagellum/head ratio was 21.550 and the flagellum was quite long. It was observed that the measurements of the rat sperm used in the study were consistent with the measurements of other rat sperm. When the studies were examined, it was concluded that rat sperm has an extremely long flagellum compared to its body size. The morphological differences of the sperms revealed will be a guide for experimental studies.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Anatomy of the Tail Muscles of the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Authors: Beste Demirci; Murat Erdem Gültiken
Abstract: In our study, it was aimed to determine the anatomy of the tail muscles of the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), which has a production station in the Black Sea region of our country (Türkiye) and is released to nature in specific periods. For this purpose, 20 adult pheasants were used in the study. Pheasants were sacrificed under anesthesia and perfused with 10% formolin. Macroscopic data were obtained by subgross dissection under stereo-microscope. At the end of the study, origo and insertio points of musculus (m.) caudofemoralis, m. bulbi retricium, m. lavator caudae, m. depressor caudae, m. lateralis caudae, m. pubocaudalis externus and m. pubocaudalis internus were determined and identified. As a result, it was observed that m. caudofemoralis, one of the important retractor muscles of the leg, was not developed as much as in reptiles. Neither the balance nor maneuver functions of the tail were interpreted.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Assessment of Fisheries Inspections and Violations in Ordu Province
Between 2020-2022
Authors: Burak Hacıislamoğlu; Naciye Erdoğan Sağlam
Abstract: In this study, the fisheries control and inspection data of Ordu Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry carried out Ordu province between 2020-2022 and the fisheries violations detected were evaluated. A total of 3964 inspections were carried out (the district with the highest number of inspections was Altınordu district with 1093 inspections, the district with the least number of inspections was Ulubey district with 5 inspections) and 192 administrative fines were imposed (the highest number of violations was in Altınordu district (80 violations), while the least number of violations was in Gülyalı district (3 violations)). Regarding the type of violation, it was observed that the highest number of administrative fines were imposed for "violation in amateur fishing" (79) and the lowest number of administrative fines were imposed for "monitoring and tracking systems for fishing and aquaculture" (1). It was determined that the highest administrative fine was imposed for violation of the rule " usage, export, sale, storage of fishery products obtained by prohibited means" (173.048 ₺) and the lowest administrative fine was imposed for violation of the rule "not providing information and documents" (3563 ₺). Regarding the seized seafood, it was observed that the highest amount of seized seafood was horse mackerel (7086 kg) and the lowest amount was bonito fish (2 kg). When the seized fishing gears were analyzed, it was determined that 166 extension nets (16.600 m) were seized.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
- Virulence Determinants of Buffalo Mastitis Originated Streptococcus
agalactiae Isolates
Authors: Şeyda Yaman; Murat Karahan, Alper Çiftci, Arzu Findik
Abstract: Streptococci as a cause of mastitis have become the major concern to the dairy industry worldwide due to huge economic losses. Streptococcus agalactiae is a major contagious mastitis pathogen and continues to be a major cause of mastitis in dairy cattle and buffaloes. The aim of the study was to investigate the virulence determinants of S. agalactiae strains isolated from buffalo milk.Within the scope of the study, 24 S. agalactiae isolates from buffalo mastitis were examined. Biofilm production of isolates was investigated phenotypically by CRA method. It was observed that 18 (75%) isolates were positive for biofilm production. The presence of hylB, fnbB, scpB and spb1 virulence genes in S. agalactiae isolates were investigated by PCR. It was determined that 19 (79.17%) of the isolates were positive for scpB and 6 (25%) for fnbB virulence genes. None of the isolates were found to contain hylB and spb1 virulence genes. The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates among kanamycin, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole antibiotic discs were determined by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion Method. Resistance were evaluated as % 41.7, % 45.9, % 25, % 12.5, % 20.9, and % 33.3, respectively. RAPD-PCR patterns of all isolates were determined using the ERIC-2 primer. The dendrograms of the RAPD patterns were plotted with the UPGMA method. It was determined that the isolates showed similarity between 59-95%. In conclusion, the research confirms the prevalence of various virulence genes in S. agalactiae isolated from buffalo mastitis. Further studies are therefore necessary to determine the molecular epidemiology and variability of S. agalactiae isolated from buffaloes, with the aim of improving mastitis control programs with regard to S. agalactiae.
PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
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