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- Effect of Seasons on Fatty Acid Composition of Laurencia obtusa (Hudson)
J.V. Lamouroux, 1813 From Sinop Coast of the Black Sea
Authors: Melek ERSOY KARAÇUHA; Gökhan YILDIZ, Ali KARAÇUHA
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile of Laurencia obtusa collected from the Sinop coast. The fatty acids profile were analyzed by GC/MS and their seasonal variation was studied. Along the sampling, it was identified 36 different fatty acids in L. obtusa. During the research, it was determined that the most abundant fatty acid was palmitic acid with values ranging from 33.78±1.03% in winter to 44.51±1.70% in summer. At the end of the study, it was determined that the season in which L. obtusa was richest in terms of PUFA and SFA contents was spring and in terms of MUFA content was autumn. In addition, in the study, It has been determined that the PUFA/SFA ratio in L. obtusa varied between 0.10% and 0.23% from winter to summer, and the total n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio changed between 1.14% and 2.37% from summer to autumn. It was determined that the atherogenicity index (AI) value changed between 1.75 and 1.97 from autumn to summer, and the thrombogenicity index (TI) value changed between 1.58 and 2.22 from winter to autumn. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the seasons have a significant effect on the fatty acid profile.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Assessment of the Bioactivity of Zinc Nanoparticles Synthesized Using
Erica arborea Plant
Authors: Yılmaz KOÇAK; İsmet MEYDAN
Abstract: The synthesis of nanoparticles by environmentally friendly, cost-effective and simple methods has been the subject of much research in medicine and industry. In particular, it offers a promising approach for the development of next-generation nano-based drugs. This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Erica arborea (E. arborea) leaf extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The prepared ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-vis, FTIR and SEM-EDX analysis. SEM-EDX analysis showed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape and showed strong signals of zinc metal. UV-vis analysis confirmed that the color of the solution changed to light yellow, indicating the formation of nanoparticles, and exhibited an absorption peak at 350 nm. FT-IR confirmed that the formation of nanoparticles was accompanied by metabolites of the leaf extract. The pharmacological potential of zinc nanoparticles synthesized by E. arborea was evaluated by antioxidant (DPPH method), antimicrobial (disk diffusion method) and lipid peroxidation (TBA method) activities. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibited better antioxidant activity compared to the plant extract. The IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging activity of ZnO NPs and leaf extract were 18.71±0.35 and 9.21±0.10, respectively. The lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity IC50 value of ZnO NPs was found to be 5.33±0.09. ZnO NPs were found to be sensitive against pathogenic bacteria P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, B. subtilis and S. aureus and fungal strain C. albicans. The findings suggest that synthesizing naturally synthesized zinc nanoparticles could be an alternative agent to physical and chemical methods. In addition, the pharmacological activity of nanoparticles will contribute to next-generation drug development studies.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Promoting Biodiversity on Bird Migration Routes in Cities with Landscape
Design Practices: The Case of Çankırı
Authors: Pelin ŞAHİN KÖRMEÇLİ; Kevser Sena CEYLAN
Abstract: Nowadays, rapidly increasing urbanization around the world have a negative impact on natural ecosystems. In this process, bird migration routes, which are part of the ecosystem, are of great importance especially for biodiversity in cities. There is a need to develop design practices that will provide biodiversity for birds whose natural habitats are decreasing due to rapidly rising urbanization around the world. In this context, the city center of Çankırı, which is located on bird migration routes and has development potential with its ecological values, was chosen as the study area. The aim of the study is to promote urban biodiversity by developing design proposals on bird migration routes. In the first stage of the study, bird migration routes passing over the city of Çankırı were investigated with the analysis tool (Soaring Bird Sensitivity Mapping Tool) developed by BirdLife International. In the second stage of the study, design proposals were developed according to the subsystem biotopes over the study case migration routes. The study, which proposes design practices that are designed in accordance with the needs of the species and that support green infrastructure, provides habitats for birds in cities and contributes to the sustainability of the urban ecosystem.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Spatial Variation of the Body Condition and Growth Type of Endemic and
Introduced Fish Species in the Düden Stream (Antalya, Türkiye)
Authors: Nehir KAYMAK; Elif ACAR, Can Mert GÖREN, Mustafa GÜRDAL
Abstract: In this study, we evaluated the parameters of the length-weight relationship and the relative condition factor of endemic Pseudophoxinus antalyae and introduced fish species, Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio in the Kırkgöz Spring-Duden Stream basin. A total of 269 fish were captured from three different sites of the basin from May to September 2022. There were differences in mean length and weight were observed between populations from sites 1 to 3 for three fish species. Negative allometric growth was observed in site 2 population of P. antalyae, whilst site 1 and 3 showed positive allometric growth, and the condition factor (K) for only site 1 was above 1. The populations of C. carpio from sites 2 and 3 showed positive allometric growth, while C. giebelio was negative allometry. K >1 for C. carpio at site 3 and for C. gibelio at site 2. This study can inform both fisheries biology and environmental management for the development and conservation of endemic fish stock.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Catch Composition and Catch Yield of Species Caught from Agyatan Lagoon on
the Eastern Mediterranean Coast of Turkey
Authors: Ferhat BUYUKDEVECİ
Abstract: Lagoon areas with rich cultural heritage are exceptional ecosystems that support biological and economic productivity. Many national and international authorities on lagoons have emphasized the data gaps and lack of regional management practices for Mediterranean coastal lagoons. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the monthly changes in the catch composition and catch yield of fish caught in Agyatan lagoon on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The economic species caught by barrier traps in the Ağyatan lagoon and caught by fishermen with gillnets and fyke nets were evaluated between June 2020 and February 2022. Total monthly production amounts were calculated based on nine species of shrimp and fish obtained from the shrimp and shrimp prawns in Agyatan lagoon. It was determined that the highest amount of S. aurata was 44.146 kg and the lowest amount of A. anguilla was 3.454 kg in two seasons. Considering the total catches of the species among the months, it was determined that the highest production was in November (33.2%) and October (15.7%) in the 2020-2021 season, and the highest production was in the same months in the 2021-2022 season (November 37.3%, October 18%). When both seasons were evaluated separately in terms of catch per unit effort (CPUE) kg/day, the CPUE value was calculated as 275.58 kg/day in the 2020–2021 season, while the CPUE value was calculated as 347.87 kg/day in the 2021–2022 season. Within the scope of this study, it is recommended that decision-makers take this information into consideration when developing a regional management plan for Agyatan Lagoon by providing complementary information on Agyatan Lagoon.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- A new trout species from southern Marmara Sea drainages (Teleostei:
Salmonidae)
Authors: Davut TURAN; Sadi AKSU
Abstract: Salmo duhani, sp. n., a new species, is described from the southern Marmara Sea drainages, Turkey. It differs from the other Salmo species in the neighboring basins by having a shorter maxillary (8-10% SL); a shorter head (24-28% SL); 115-121 lateral line scales; 26-29 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 20-23 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 15-17 scales between lateral line and adipose-fin insertion; 17-19 gill rakers on the outer side of first gill arch; 10-13 large and oblong parr marks along the lateral line in all individuals.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Evaluation of Methods for The Acceptance of the Artificially Inseminated
Queen Bee to the Colony
Authors: Arda Onur ÖZKÖK
Abstract: : When artificial insemination practices in honey bees are used correctly, they actively increase yield characteristics. However, producers may experience serious problems when accepting artificially inseminated queen bees to the colonies. To minimize this problem, inseminated queen bees are first accepted into small mating boxes. Small colonies are formed, supported, and developed after admission to the new colony. In addition to spending serious effort and time, this process causes maimed queen bees and even colony losses if they fail. In the study, 21 queen bees were used, 7 of which were queen bees in each group. 7 queen bees were naturally mated. After 7 queens were artificially inseminated, they were first given to small mating colonies using the classical method. Queen bees that accepted and laid eggs were introduced to colonies with 4-5 laths of worker bees. 7 colonies were given as queen bee thimbles 2 days before hatching. Queens that had hatched were inseminated and given to the same colonies. Whether the queen bees given to the colonies in 3 different groups were accepted into the colonies was evaluated after 10 days. The egg-laying rates of the queens admitted to the colony were checked after the egg appeared. In the controls, it was seen that the acceptance of the queen bees kept individually in their own colony was less laborious and more successful than the classical method.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Comparison of Nutritional Composition, Mineral and Heavy Metal Content of
Rainbow Trout from Different Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Bilgen BAŞKAYA; Mehmet ÇELİK, Ali Eslem KADAK, Aygül KÜÇÜKGÜLMEZ
Abstract: In this study, proximate compositions, meat yields, mineral matter (Na, Mg, Ca, K), and heavy metal (As, Fe, Zn, Se, Mn, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni) contents of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) obtained from concrete pond systems and dam lake net cage were examined. Mineral and heavy metal contents were measured by ICP-OES instrumental analyser. According to the results of rainbow trout meat yield and nutritional composition analysis varied between; meat yield were 57.43-66.40%, crude protein were 16.99-19.93%, crude fat were 3.07-4.18%, crude ash were 0.98-1.58%, and moisture contents were 75.10-77.65%. Mineral contents of Ca 2.66-30.58 mg.kg-1, Na 19.53-36.04 mg.kg-1, K 252.79-310.05 mg.kg-1, and Mg 120.75-137.44 mg.kg-1 were detected in the presented ranges. Detected heavy metals were As 0.42-0.56 mg.kg-1, Fe 2.16-3.69 mg.kg-1, Zn 2.67-4.69 mg.kg-1, and Se 0.17-0.77 mg.kg-1. On the other hand, Mn, Co, Cu, Pb, and Ni were not detected. As a result of the study, it was found that the proximate composition, meat yield, mineral matter, and heavy metal contents of rainbow trout vary depending on the location and size of the fish (p<0.05). However, the heavy metal levels detected in muscle tissue did not exceed the consumption limits.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- An Eco-philosophical and A Phenomenological Journey in William
Wordsworth’s The Prelude
Authors: Seher ÖZSERT
Abstract: The present paper analyses William Wordsworth’s The Prelude form an eco-philosophical perspective, which suggests a harmonical existence of human and nonhuman worlds. The main argument is based on Arne Næss’ “ecosophy” following his deep ecological thoughts and David Bohm’s “undivided wholeness” supporting the intimate interconnectedness of human and Nature. Following this eco-philosophical vision, Wordsworth believes that Nature has an essential place in children’s learning. He even suggests stopping formal education of children and meditating them through the subjective experiences in Nature. This study investigates how Wordsworth reflects a child’s journey of gaining poetic consciousness through his interaction with Nature in his The Prelude. Nature is personified as a mother, a friend and a teacher helping his maturity. As a child and the speaker of his poem, Wordsworth feels freedom and joy while acquiring a great deal of knowledge at every step through different experiences. From this perspective, this study bases its arguments on Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger’s phenomenological insights to comprehend the essence of our “Being” through subjective experiences collected in our “life world”. Wordsworth emphasizes the growing maturity of the child in Nature by conceiving his existence in this perfect universe. The power of intuition and imagination, which preserves Nature in our minds, is also accentuated as the main factor educating and maturing us in time by shaping our ideas and feelings. In parallel with the eco-philosophical and phenomenological thoughts, Wordsworth stresses the truth, pureness, peace, and pleasure accompanied by the solitude in Nature. This paper observes the transformation of a naive child into a wise poet through the eco-philosophical and phenomenological journey in Nature through the power of intuition and imagination in Wordsworth’s The Prelude.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Investigations of Spatial and Temporal Land Use/Land Cover Changes in
Trabzon Province (1990-2018) Using CORINE Maps and Landscape Metrics
Authors: Tuğba ÜSTÜN TOPAL; Sultan Sevinç KURT KONAKOĞLU
Abstract: In this study; it is aimed to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in land use/land cover of Trabzon province with the population increase in the 28-year period between 1990-2018 by analyzing it with CORINE maps and landscape metrics. Within the scope of the study, temporal variation analysis was carried out using CORINE maps of the years 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018. In Trabzon, according to the CORINE classification system, a total of 4 main groups have been identified at the first level, and at the third level, 19 land use/land cover classes have been identified for 1990, 20 for 2000, 24 for 2006, and 26 for 2012 and 2018. It was observed that the most differentiation occurred in the agricultural areas class in the 28-year period. In addition, the metrics of class area (CA), number of patches (NumP), mean patch size (MPS), edge density (ED), total edge (TE) and mean shape index (MSI) were calculated through ARCGIS's Patch Analyst plugin in the study. The changes that have occurred have been examined. Accordingly, there has been a decrease in the size of forest and seminatural areas and agricultural areas with the increase in the size of the artificial surfaces due to the increase in human activities and population over the past 28 years. In addition, due to the continuous increase in the number of patches in the agricultural areas over time and the decrease in the average size of the patches, the fragmentation of the agricultural areas has been more common. The least change was in the water bodies. In line with the findings obtained, sustainable planning and land use suggestions for land use were presented.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Effect of Different Light Intensity on Yolk Sac Consumption of Diploid and
Triploid Larvae of Coruh Trout (Salmo coruhensis)
Authors: Mete TUZCU; Fatma DELİHASAN SONAY
Abstract: In this study, the relationships between yolk sac consumption of triploid and diploid Çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis) larvae at three different light intensities, day-degrees and length (L), total wet larvae weight (WTYA), dry larvae weight (WKLA), dry yolk sac weight (WKKA), dry yolk sac consumption rate (BKT), daily weight growth rate (ABO) and development index (KD) were investigated. Newly hatched larvae were kept in a normal day length (N), 24-hour dark (24K) and 24-hour light (24A) environment until the yolk sac was consumed. As a result of the research, linear relationships were determined between length, total wet larvae weight and dry larvae weights and day-degree increased while dry yolk sac decreased. The best growth and development index was found in triploid 24-hour light and normal day length (P<0,05). These results can be used to increase the productivity of hatcheries breeding triploid and diploid trout fry.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Faunistic Studies on the Subfamily Staphylininae (Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae) in Turkey
Authors: Semih ÖRGEL
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to give additional records on the fauna of Staphylininae in Turkey. The field trips were made in different provinces of Turkey between 2007-2018. 69 specimens collected using aspirators were examined. In conclusion of the examined material, twelve species of the subfamily Staphylininae were reported from different regions of Turkey. Among them, Atrecus affinis (Paykull, 1789) from Central Anatolian Region, Dinothenarus flavocephalus (Goeze, 1777) and Neobisnius orbus orbus (Kiesenwetter, 1850) from Eastern Anatolian Region and Philonthus atratus (Gravenhorst, 1802) from Aegean Region are recorded for the first time. In addition, new locality records of the recorded species were presented.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Investıgation of Impact Point Dilutıon of Horizontally Discharged
Singular Cold Water Jets From Marine Outfall Using By Us Epa Visual
Plumes-Um3 Model
Authors: Uğur Emre TEMELLİ; Naim SEZGİN, Bilge ÖZDOĞAN CUMALI, Semih NEMLİOGLU
Abstract: Seawater can be used in many industries for cooling and heating of thermal processes. Cooling is more common in hot processes and requires the use of cooling water. However, in some industries, such as regasification operations, heating is also an important process. In particular, open-loop seawater heating systems can be widely used in liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminals. Cold water discharges occur from these systems and they return to the marine environment. Cold water discharges can cause cold shock and hypothermia among marine organisms. Because of the negative effects of cold water discharges, cold water discharge systems can be used to dilute chilled seawater in the marine environment. Cold water outfalls can be designed as single port or multiport diffusers, including pipeline systems. The discharged cold water behaves as negatively buoyant jets in the sea. Ensuring proper dilution of negatively buoyant cold water discharges is a challenge and requires a detailed identification step. Dense jets, such as cold water, tend to sink to the bottom in the marine environment. Therefore, the interaction between the bottom and the jet significantly affects the initial dilution of the cold water jet, which is considered in the design studies. The boundary interaction between the jet and the bottom will increase if the diffuser is placed close enough to the bottom. In such cases, the effect of boundary interaction on impact point dilution needs to be determined. In this study, the results obtained using the USEPA VP-UM3 numerical model under the same conditions with two different diffuser elevations performed experimentally were compared. As a result of this study, it was determined that the impact point dilutions obtained from the USEPA VP-UM3 model remained in the more conservative region of approximately 44% in the cold water discharge design.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Carbon Nano Fibers with Methanol by
Using Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique
Authors: Melek CUMBUL ALTAY
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the suitability of methanol as a carbon source for the synthesis of carbon nanofibres (CNFs), currently used in wastewater, water, and air purification systems, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in the presence of NiO catalyst. Experimental studies were carried out in a tube furnace under isothermal conditions. Catalyst particles were loaded onto silicon wafers with orientation by dip coating to grow CNFs. The reduction behavior of nickel oxide powder at 1000 K under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions was investigated before CNF synthesis studies. The percentage reduction of nickel oxide powder under non-isothermal conditions was 82.03%. The percentage reduction under isothermal conditions for 30 min was 78.03%. The experimental result obtained is very close to the theoretical value (78.57%). During CNF synthesis experiments, it was observed that CNF formation was not achieved at temperatures of 1000 - 1100 K due to the poor thermal decomposition of methanol. Pyrolysis of methanol increased with increasing synthesis temperature (1200 K), which promoted the synthesis of CNFs. SEM analysis revealed morphologically dense CNF formation under isothermal conditions for 20 min at 1300K synthesis temperature.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Use of Geographical Information Systems in Geomorphological Analysis of
Urban Coastal Areas: The Case of Iskenderun
Authors: Onur GÜNGÖR; Gülay TOKGÖZ
Abstract: Kıyılar hassas ve kırılgan ekosistemler olmalarına rağmen sahip oldukları yüksek ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel değerler ile sürekli yoğun bir kullanım baskısı altındadır. Bu çalışma kıyı alanları üzerindeki kentsel etkilerin izlenmesinin önemine dikkat çekmektedir. Bu amaçla İskenderun kentsel kıyı alanının 2000-2023 yılı zaman aralığındaki değişimi incelenmiştir. Kıyı değişimi jeomorfolojik yaklaşımla ele alınmış, mekânsal verilerin analiz ve sentezi aşamalarında coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinden (CBS) yararlanılmıştır. Sonuçlar 23 yılda kıyı şeridinin dolgu alanlarıyla %16 oranında arttığını göstermektedir. Kahramanmaraş depremleri nedeniyle zarar gören İskenderun kıyı şeridinin kentsel planlama kapsamında yeniden değerlendirilerek yeni kıyı kenar çizgisi belirlenmesine gereksinim bulunmaktadır. Kıyı kenar çizgisi özellikle İskenderun gibi endüstriye dayalı kentleşme baskısının yoğun yaşandığı alanlarda doğal plajların, kamusal açık ve yeşil alanların korumasını destekleyen bakış açısıyla, bilimsel incelemelere dayalı olarak yeniden belirlenmedir. Kıyı kenar çizgisi değişimi ile ilgili süreçlerde bilimsel, yasal ve yönetsel ilişkilerin koordinasyonu mutlaka sağlanmalıdır. Araştırma sonuçlarının böyle bir çalışmaya altlık oluşturması amaçlanmaktadır.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Examining the Relationship Between the Socio-Demographic Characteristics
of Park Visitors and Park Use by Nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analysis:
The Case Study of Konya
Authors: Nurgül ARISOY
Abstract: Modern cities have seen urban parks evolve from mere green spaces into integral components supporting human well-being and environmental sustainability. These parks offer individuals serene settings to unwind and reconnect with nature, promoting mental health by alleviating stress. However, as urbanization increases and public park demand surges, designing and planning these spaces becomes more challenging. To optimize park design, understanding user profiles and utilization patterns is crucial. By examining how visitor demographics intertwine with park usage, policymakers and planners can make informed decisions for future development.This study employs Nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analysis (NLCC), a robust statistical tool, to explore the intricate connections between socio-demographic attributes of urban park visitors and their usage patterns. Focused on Konya, Turkey, the research delves into the non-linear relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and park usage. Survey data from 444 participants forms the basis of the analysis, unveiling inherent dataset structures and assessing correlations between attributes and usage patterns.Results highlight the substantial impact of occupation, income, and age as determinants of socio-demographic characteristics affecting park use at an individual level. These findings hold significant implications for urban park planning and management. The research underscores the nuanced interplay between socio-demographic factors and usage patterns, offering targeted strategies for diverse visitor needs. As urban landscapes evolve, this study contributes to refining policies and practices that cultivate sustainable, equitable, and enjoyable park experiences for urban communities.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- An Empirical Comparison of Sex Ratio, Condition Factor, and
Length–Weight Relationships in Commercial Catch of Mediterranean Horse
Mackerel from the Sea of Marmara, the Middle and Eastern Black Sea
Authors: Ömerhan DÜRRANİ
Abstract: Fish length–weight relationships are essential for estimating biomass and assessing fish population health, typically showing low variation within and between neighbouring stocks. This study investigates the length–weight relationships of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) collected from the Sea of Marmara, the Middle Black Sea, and the Eastern Black Sea during 2022. In addition, the study assessed the sex ratio and Fulton’s condition factor (kc) of Mediterranean horse mackerel at each station, alongside an examination of length frequency samples, providing a comprehensive analysis. The one-way ANCOVA analysis showed no significant differences in length–weight regression between the sexes. However, it identified a considerable area effect, with samples from the Sea of Marmara significantly differing from those in the Middle Black Sea and Eastern Black Sea. The fish samples from the latter areas displayed moderate length–weight variation, which was close to the significance threshold with a P-value of 0.069. The growth pattern of Mediterranean horse mackerel consistently exhibited negative allometry across all sampled areas for both males and females, except for female Mediterranean horse mackerel from the Middle Black Sea, which tended to follow an isometric growth pattern. This study revealed consistent results within neighbouring areas (Middle Black Sea and Eastern Black Sea) and significant variations when comparing the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara Mediterranean horse mackerel, highlighting notable large-scale spatial trends.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Evaluatıon of The Water Qualıty of Kura-Aras Rıver Basıns,
Transboundary Rıvers of Türkiye, Accordıng to Some Bıotıc Indıces
Authors: Hazel BAYTAŞOĞLU
Abstract: This study aimed in the Kura-Aras river basin, which is the transbourdary system of Türkiye, to determine water quality by using some physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrates. In the spring and autumn periods, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected by standard D-Frame Net and Ekman grab from stations. A total of 30 stations were selected along the basin. In this study, following BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working(Biological Monitoring Working Party), ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon), Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index. It was determined that the most dominant group was Insecta and the rarest group was Oligochaeta in the Kura- Aras River basin. As a result of the evaluation of the selected stations in the basin in terms of physicochemical parameters, it was determined that they showed 2nd and 3rd class water characteristics in terms of PO4-P and NH4–N. According to BMWP and ASPT biotic indexes, it has been determined that it has 3rd and 4th class properties.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Evaluation of Sorghum and Ryegrass Silage as Alternatives to Corn Silage
Authors: Alparslan Mutluhan TÜREDİ; İbrahim Sadi ÇETİNGÜL
Abstract: Silage; They are feed pickles obtained by storing green plants under anaerobic conditions. It provides an important source of roughage during the winter months and is of interest to producers for many reasons. The most cultivated silage product is corn. Maize is an important source of feed for large ruminant and small ruminant in their rations. However, maize is a hot season crop and the yield is adversely affected by the lack of precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions. At the same time, intensive use of fertilizers is needed for satisfactory maize production. Sorghum; It has been reported that it can tolerate soils with less fertile water use efficiency compared to maize in arid, semi-arid and high salinity areas. Sorghum production has low water needs and agriculture requirements. Ryegrass; Lolium spp. is a key fodder crop in temperate regions. Ryegrass silage; It stood out for yield, digestibility, water-soluble carbohydrate content, quality and durability. In addition, ryegrass cultivation stands out as an advantageous aspect as it allows more than one mowing. Profitable livestock farming; it depends on the cost of forage and the consumption of concentrated feed. If the silage making techniques are applied correctly, the producer can obtain the roughage from ryegrass, sorghum and corn silages. Profitable, high yield parameters and sustainable livestock activities can be done.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Synthesis of Mesoporous SiO2-supported Gold Nanoparticles from Gold
Processing Wastewater
Authors: Fatma ULUSAL
Abstract: In this study, 1% by mass of gold in the last remaining waste solution due to purification of ramate gold by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques was attached to the mesoporous SiO2 and its surface as nanoparticles by entrapping it in a polyethylene glycol micelle. For this purpose, gold nanoparticles were prepared in mesoporous SiO2 from a waste solution containing Au3+ by using 35000 (PEG35000) compound of polyethylene glycol and tetra ethyl ortho silicate. It was determined by ICP-OES and FESEM analysis that the final product obtained contained 0.4% gold by mass. When the resulting nanomaterials were examined by SEM mapping analysis, it was observed that the gold nanoparticles were distributed very homogeneously in the mesoporous SiO2, and there was no aggregation. The TEM images show that there are two types of formations, regular hexagonal gold nanoparticles attached to the inside and surfaces of this structure and gold nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous SiO2, which is formed in a spherical form, as opposed to the smooth channels formed in the first formation. In both formations, it is seen that the sizes of gold nanoparticles are smaller than 10 nm. This study reveals a new product for obtaining gold nanoparticles by recovering the gold trapped in wastewater.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Factors Affecting of Yolk Sac Absorption in Salmonids: Species,
Temperature, Salinity and Photoperiod
Authors: Nadir BAŞÇINAR; Fatma DELİHASAN SONAY
Abstract: Aquaculturists are very interested in larval yolk sac consumption, because early growth and development affect the final hatching yield and the number of individuals participating in commercial fisheries. In this review, it is aimed to bring together studies examining factors such as species, temperature, salinity, day length, which affect the yolk sac consumption of some Salmonids and to shed light on future studies. Salmonids are species with higher egg and larva quality compared to other fishes. Examples are given from studies conducted with some Salmonids, especially rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, brook trout, and Black Sea trout. After the larval hatching period from the egg, the yolk sac consumption of the larva, the first feeding time, feeding habits and environmental factors are important. As a result of the studies, while the yolk sac consumption of different salmonid species has been revealed, the yolk sac consumption researches have been carried out in different environmental factors. It would be a good approach to reflect the studies on yolk sac consumption to the undergraduate programs in the academy, and for qualified personnel to carry this information to the aquaculture sector.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Ecological and Health Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of the Berdan
River Basin (Mersin-Türkiye)
Authors: İsmail AKÇAY; Özgür ÖZBAY
Abstract: Berdan River (Tarsus-Mersin) is one of the major rivers flowing into the coastal region of Northeastern (NE) Mediterranean Sea. Determination of water and sediment quality is of great importance for the sustainable management of streams and rivers. In this study, it was aimed to determine heavy metal pollution status and health risk assessment of sediments in Berdan River caused by human activities. Study findings showed that while nickel and cadmium pollution were determined at all sampling points of the Berdan River Basin, there was a regional pollution of lead and zinc caused by anthropogenic pressures due to industrial and agricultural activities as well as domestic wastewater and atmospheric inputs into the Berdan River. Furthermore, the potential health risk assessment of sediments indicated significant health hazards for the children and adults living in the study area from the carcinogenic lead, chromium and nickel.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Immunity-Related Enzyme Gene Interactions in Archocentrus centrarchus
Infected with Lactococcus garvieae
Authors: Ertuğrul KANKAYA; Şükrü ÖNALAN
Abstract: Unsuitable environmental conditions and low host resistance in the aquatic environment are the most important factors in fish diseases. Bacterial diseases in fish can be treated with different preparations. The aim of this study is to determine the disease symptoms, expression levels of TNF and IL genes and some biochemical parameter changes in Archocentrus centrarchus by using herbal extract for the treatment of the disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae bacteria. Gene expression was performed by Real-Time PCR and enzyme activities were determined by spectrophotometric analysis method. It was observed that the expression level of TNF gene was 2.5 times more effective in the antibiotic (oxytetracycline) group and 14 times more effectively in the extract application. It was found that the antibiotic group had a close expression level compared to the control at the IL gene expression level, while the extract group expressed 5.5 times more. Glutathione s-transferase activity in the extract group increased significantly compared to the control and antibiotic groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the extract group compared to the antibiotic and bacterial groups. It can be said that oxidative stress caused by bacterial infection is tried to be eliminated more in the extract group. It was determined that the andiz root extract which at the patent stage, which was used for the first time in the treatment of A. centrarchus fish infected with L. garvieae, one of the most important bacterial agents in the field of aquaculture, is applicable.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Determining the Effect of Forest Fires on Soil Loss Using RUSLE and a New
Approach: The Case of Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise/Türkiye
Authors: Hurem DUTAL
Abstract: Soil erosion by water (WSE) is an environmental, economic, and sociological problem in the world. Nowadays, forest fires have triggered more WSE, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effect of forest fires on soil loss susceptibility in the Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise, Turkey. The RUSLE model was used to determine soil loss. Two soil loss maps were generated for the actual situation (base scenario) and forest fire scenario. For the forest fire scenario, R, K, and LS factors in the RUSLE model were modified based on the forest fire severity index. Finally, two maps representing base and forest fire scenarios were compared. The actual mean soil loss was found as 5.34 t ha-1 year-1 in the Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise while the mean soil loss was determined as 12.44 t ha-1 year-1 for the forest fire scenario. It was found that forest fires would increase soil loss by more than 2 times in the study area. Areas with very low soil loss susceptibility to forest fires constitute 41.97% of productive forests, while areas with very high, high, medium, and low soil loss susceptibility constitute 3.64%, 9.28%, 27.50%, and 17.61% of productive forests, respectively. It was also revealed that there is not always a linear relationship between fire severity and soil loss susceptibility under natural conditions. Consequently, it is hoped that this study will help decision-makers in the implementation of the multi-purpose approach, which aims to reduce the risk of both forest fire and soil loss.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- The Effect of Depth of Rice Hulls Litter on Fattening Performance, Foot
Pad Dermatitis, Meat Quality Characteristics of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Bülent TEKE; Gökhan İNAT
Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the effect of rice hulls used as litter in two different thicknesses (5 and 10 cm) on fattening performance, mortality rate, foot pad lesions, meat quality and meat color characteristics of Ross 308 chickens. Rice hulls of 5 cm (T5) and 10 cm (T10) thickness were laid on the coops that were similar in size and design. Fattening performance, FCR (feed conversion ratio), mortality rate, foot pad lesions, meat quality, and meat color characteristics were determined in three consecutive fattening periods. It was determined that the feed conversion ratios were 1.748 and 1.577 in the T5 and T10 groups, respectively, and the difference was significant (P0.05). On the other hand, it was determined that the difference between foot pad lesion scores within the litter thickness groups was significant (P
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Production of Super Activated Carbon from Sheep Manure Using Various
Chemical Reagents
Authors: Mehmet Fatih DİLEKOĞLU; Mazlum YAPİCİ
Abstract: In order to obtain activated carbon with a high surface area, chemical and physical activation was applied to sheep manure using the chemical agent zinc chloride (ZnCl2), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The effect of activation parameters such as different particle sizes of the raw material (-900+550, -550+350 and -350+250 m), different impregnation rates of the chemical activation agent (1/1, 2/1, 3/1 and 4/1), different carbonization temperature (400-900 oC), and carbonization time on the properties of the final products was investigated. The activated carbons produced are characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K. Using ZnCl2 at an impregnation ratio of 3/1, the surface area of the superactivated carbon obtained with a carbonization temperature at 400 oC and a carbonization time of 45 minutes was measured as 2170 m2/g. Surface morphology and characterization of this activated carbon were performed with the help of SEM, FTIR analyzes.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Investigation of the Bacterial Microflora of Stallion Preputium
Authors: Eser AKAL; Burcu ESİN, Merve Gizem SEZENER, Volkan Enes ERGÜDEN, Arzu FİNDİK
Abstract: The penis and prepuce of the stallion have a high bacterial load on its surface and form natural microbial floras that contaminate the semen during ejaculation. It is well known that the main source of the contaminations of the ejaculated semen is preputial cavity. Nowadays, in literature there is no standard methodology and recommendations to eliminate the microorganism contaminations from prepuce prior to semen collection. The aim of the study was to examine and evaluate the bacterial load in preputial washing fluid of stallion. For this aim, the preputial cavity were washed with 50 ml of physiological salt water (PSW) the washing fluids were used for the determination of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and total coliform bacteria (TCB) counts. For determination of TMAB and TCB, 100 µl of washing fluid were diluted 1:9(wt/vol) with PSW (log10). Tryptic soy agar for TMAB and Mac Conkey agar for TCB were used for the enumeration of the bacterial loads. After inoculation and incubation at appropriate conditions, bacterial loads were calculated as cfu/ml. The TMAB and TCB counts were varied between 1.80x102 to 8.0x105cfu/ml and 1.0x107 to 9.8x108 cfu/ml, respectively. The averages of the bacterial loads were determined as 1.82x108 cfu/ml for TMAB and 1.56x105 cfu/ml for TCB. It’s known that the high bacterial loads on preputium have negative effects on the quality of spermatozoa and fertility. In conclusion, the bacterial load determined in this study was considered to have potential risk for fertility in stallion.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Natural Heritages of The Black Sea Alpine: Agaçbaşı, Barma and
Yılantas high Altitude peatlands, Nature Protected Areas, Trabzon, Turkey
Authors: Coşkun ERÜZ
Abstract: Turkiye's largest high plateau peatlands, Trabzon peatlands are located in the Northeast part of Turkey, on the ridges and slopes of the hills of the Soğanlı Mountains which is one of the southwestern Caucasian mountain ranges. Within the scope of this study, the geographical, climatic and ecological characteristics that provide the formation of peatlands and make the protection of peatlands important have been determined and examined. The mountainous region's climate is subtropical-Subpolar, with humid-cold climate characteristics and receives a high level of precipitation (nearly 2000 mm/y). Ağaçbaşı and Barma are the largest high plateau peatlands in the region and Turkey, one of the important natural heritage on a global scale due to their location and ecological features on the southern border of the northern hemisphere. Peatlands thicknesses vary from 50-450cm. In the region nearly 200ha of peatland-covered areas are. High plateau peatlands have ombrotrophic characteristics in which water and plant nutrients are provided only by precipitations for forming the swamps, there is no water inlet from the outside, such as streams, etc. Peatlands formed during the Holocene period after the last ice age, and have a rich archive in terms of about 8-10 thousand years old ecological and climatological data. They have several flora and fauna species that are extremely rare in Türkiye. Ağaçbaşı (2019), Barma (2019) and Yılantaş (2023) plateaus, which include peatlands, have been registered as protected natural sites and 2561Ha are taken under protection. Due to rare features, peatlands protection should be made sustainable with absolute public-state cooperation.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Mutual living with Pomacea maculata and catfish and their benefits for
feeding
Authors: Nilay SEYİDOĞLU; Çetin YAĞCILAR, Deniz KARAKCI
Abstract: Pomacea snails have been interested around the world due to their rich biological contents. In this study, we assessed the living condition and feeding strategies of catfish (Loricariidae) with Pomacea maculata. We used thirty catfish and ten P.maculata in three replicates for four months. There were two groups as: Control and P. maculata (catfish and P.maculata together). The body weights and lengths of catfish were measured monthly. Also feeding behavior of catfish was recorded during the trial. There were significant increases determined in last weight, total weight gain, last body length, and total body length gain in the Pomacea group compared to Control. It was observed that catfish in the Pomacea group ate the food which was lumped on the mucous of P.maculata. These results suggested that due to this feeding behavior of catfish, they had good progress. It can be concluded that P.maculata can be beneficial for ornamental fisheries.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Cloning, purification, and characterization of intracellular Anoxybacillus
amyloliticus’ xylanase
Authors: Hakan KARAOĞLU; Züleyha AKPINAR
Abstract: Xylanases [endo-1,4-β-D-ksilanaz (E.C. 3.2.1.8)] are extremely important enzymes used in many industrial applications where xylan needs to be processed with an environmentally friendly method. In this study, the gene of the Anoxybacillus amyloliticus’ intracellular xylana was expressed by cloning into the pET28a+ vector. Then, the enzyme (AnaXYN329) was purified, and its biochemical and kinetic properties were revealed. According to the obtained results, AnaXYN329 exhibited the optimum activity at pH 6.5, and 60 and 65 °C. Thermal stability experiments of AnaXYN329 maintained approximately 120 minutes and the enzyme activity was halved at the end of the 40th minutes. In addition, values of Km, Vmax, kcat, kcat/Km were determined as 3.631 ± 0.162 µg/µL, 100.05 ± 0.00292 µmoL/min/mg protein, 128.978 1/sec, and 35.514, respectively. Consequently, AnaXYN329 has potential to be used in industrial applications.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Phytoplankton Species Composition and Biomass in High Altitude Lakes in
Aras, Çoruh and Eastern Black Sea Basins
Authors: Tolga ÇETİN; Nilsun DEMİR
Abstract: The Aras, Çoruh, and Eastern Black Sea basins are river basins in northeast Türkiye with a high average elevation due to topography. Because of the high altitude, these basins have several high altitude lakes. High altitude lakes have always been a subject of interest due to their extreme conditions. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the phytoplankton biomass of natural lakes located in the Aras, Çoruh and Eastern Black Sea basins located above 2100 meters. For this purpose, Aygır Lake (2126 m) in the Aras basin, Balık Lake (2146 m) and Boğa Lake (2358 m) in the Çoruh basin, and Camlı Lake (2757 m) and Çakır Lake (2556 m) in the Eastern Black Sea basin were included in the study. Phytoplankton and water samples were collected three sampling period in 2018 for the Eastern Black Sea basin, and in 2019 for the Aras and Çoruh basins. A total of 48 phytoplankton species have been identified. In order to evaluate the ecological status of these lakes, the relationships between phytoplankton biomass and nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were investigated. According to phytoplankton biomass results that are compatible with nutrients, the ecological status of Camlı and Çakır Lakes is high, and the ecological status of Aygır, Balık, and Boğa Lakes is good. It is recommended that the Camlı and Çakır lakes, which are in high status, should be used as a reference site for lakes at high altitudes, and the necessary measures should be taken to protect the current status of the lakes.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of color properties of mahogany, mulberry and alder woods
after exposure to various harmful organisms growing in the soil
Authors: Göksel ULAY; Ümit AYATA
Abstract: Since each tree species has different structural properties, it exhibits a different resistance property against various harmful organisms that exist in the same active soil environment and develops in this environment. In this study, test specimens of mulberry, mahogany, and alder woods were placed in an active soil medium and exposed for 12 weeks. After this period was completed, the test samples were removed from the soil. It was then washed with water and dried in an oven. Then, measurements of the colour parameters were made on the experimental samples. According to the results obtained, analysis of variance results for b*, L*, C*, a*, and ho parameters were obtained as significant. In total colour difference values, the lowest ∆E*: 11.54 was obtained in alder wood, ∆E*: 18.11 in mahogany wood, and ∆E*: 19.07 in mulberry wood. It was observed that L*, a*, b* and C* values decreased after exposure to active soil for all three tree species. In the ho value, increases were observed in mahogany and alder woods, while decreases were obtained in mulberry wood. It has been observed that the soil test made caused changes in the structural properties of wood materials and their natural colour.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Investigation of the Effect of Different Sizes of Diatomite as Substrate
Material on Ammonia Adsorption for Ornamental Fish Culture Practices
Authors: Dilek ŞAHİN; Meryem ÖZ, Ünal ÖZ
Abstract: As a result of the study, where the effects of four different sizes of diatomite on water parameters were examined, it was determined that when the obtained findings were evaluated, it contributed positively to the optimum limits of ammonia values, which are extremely important in aquaculture. The investigation was conducted in 5 groups with 3 replications without fish and aeration. Plastic aquariums of each replication, in which the experiment was carried out, contained 500 ml of tap water, 0.5 g of fish feed (47.5% crude protein, 6.5% crude oil, 2% cellulose, 6% moisture), and 3 g of different-sized diatomites (excluding the control group). When the mean water parameter values at the end of the experiment were examined, no statistical difference was found in terms of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH values (P>0.05). On the other hand, the statistical differences between the groups in terms of NH4 and TAN values were found to be significant (P
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Investigation of Neonicotinoids Insecticides with LC-MS/MS in Honey
Produced in Giresun
Authors: Seda Dicle KORKMAZ; Özlem KÜPLÜLÜ
Abstract: Neonicotinoids are a significant threat to the environment and the food chain given their wide commercial distribution, mode of action, systemic properties, persistence, toxicity profiles of insecticides and metabolites, and their effects on living organisms.These substances, developed as an alternative to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, pass to all parts of plants, including pollen and nectar, and can be transferred to products produced from these plants, especially bee products. With these systemic effects, neonicotinoids lead to negative effects on living things such as honey bees and wild bees, as well as other vertebrates. Currently, studies on neonicotinoid derivatives and their effects are increasing rapidly, and according to the results of the study, bans and restrictions are imposed on their use in different countries.The aim of the study was to determine the presence and amount of neonicotinoids in honey produced in Giresun province and to measure the level of pollution in the environment and possible public health risks it is revealed. Giresun province, known as the capital of hazelnuts in Turkey, where beekeeping is widespread and many agricultural activities are carried out, has the characteristics and importance to reveal the purpose of the study. For this purpose, 50 honey samples taken during the new harvest period from growers engaged in stationary beekeeping in areas close to Giresun's nut-growing regions were used as materials. Neonicotinoid in samples the presence of (acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, imidacloprid,nitenpyram, thiamethoxam and dinotephran) was detected by LC-MS/MS. According to the analysis results; imidacloprid was detected in 9 of 50 honey samples, thiomethoxam in 2, and both imidacloprid and thiomethoxam in 1 were above 10 ppb, which is the limit value, and neonicotinoids were determined in a total of 12 samples. As a result, the presence of possible neonicotinoids in honey, which is recommended for therapeutic consumption, a sine qua non of healthy diets with high nutritional value, is a potential danger to public health. Neonicotinoid contamination in honey and other bee products, which are often consumed, especially by children and decrepit people, is extremely important in terms of the health risks it may pose. Within the framework of good agricultural practice, the selection of beekeeping areas and the introduction of restrictions on the use of neonicotinoids in this direction in parallel with the EU are important for preventing possible risks.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Mosquito Oviposition Deterring and Larvicidal Effect of Cinnamaldehyde and
Eugenol
Authors: Harun ÇİMEN
Abstract: Aedes spp. females feed from various hosts including humans and can vector arboviruses of public health importance like dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. These infections affect millions of people so insect populations need to be monitored and effectively controlled. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are naturally occurring compounds found in essential oils of various spices like cinnamon, cloves, cassia and have different biological activities. I investigated the larvicidal and oviposition deterrence effects of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Both chemicals effectively killed mosquito larvae and deterred female oviposition for both mosquito species at 50-200 μg/mL concentration. Larvicidal and oviposition-deterrent compounds like cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are useful in biological control of mosquitoes. They offer the potential to reduce population numbers by killing immature stages and repelling mosquitoes away from human settlements.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Example for Temporary Animal
Shelters
Authors: Evren ÇAĞLARER; Filiz ARICAK
Abstract: Sterilization is a surgical intervention to permanently stop the reproduction of animals. In our country, the number of stray stray animals is expressed in millions, whereas the number of sterilized stray animals is expressed in thousands (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2022). In order to prevent the uncontrolled growth in the population of street-dwelling pets, such as stray cats and dogs, sterilization procedures are carried out in temporary animal shelters belonging to local municipalities. Although sterilization may seem like a simple operation performed under anesthesia, it is a process that should not be ignored with the dangers and risks of possible errors when looking at its sub-processes. In this regard, it is possible to identify potential hazards and analyze their results with risk assessments. FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Risk Analysis) is a method that is frequently used for quality improvement studies in many fields, especially in health services, given its simplicity and visibility. It is easy to apply and low cost. With this method, errors that may occur in high-risk processes can be detected in advance, and precautions can be taken before they reach the patient, thus reducing the frequency of errors.Risk assessment studies within the scope of occupational health and safety are carried out to evaluate the risks of the employee and the working environment. With the risk analysis carried out in our study, temporary animal shelters and the health and safety of sterilized animals were targeted.In the analysis made using FMEA method; first, a risk analysis team was established and a work flow chart was drawn up. Then, step diagrams for the operation were prepared and the hazards were identified. The resulting risk analysis was evaluated by the expert team. Accordingly, 6 sub-processes of the sterilization process carried out in temporary animal shelters were analyzed with FMEA, and a total of 17 possible error types were determined. Risk scores were found depending on the probability and severity of the error types determined. It is clear that the risk assessment made has a significant impact on the elimination of all kinds of factors that may cause accidents.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Karakaya Baraj Gölü’nde Yaşayan Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843)
(Şabut) Populasyonunun Bazı Büyüme Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Burhan CENGİZ; Engin ŞEKER, Ebru İfakat ÖZCAN
Abstract: In this study; Some growth characteristics such as sex distribution, lenght and weight relationship, age determination, von Bertalanffy growth parameters and condition factor of Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) were investigated in Karakaya Dam Lake. It was determined that 37.84% (28 individuals) of the 74 individuals examined were female, 62.16% (46 individuals) were male, and the female/male ratio was 1/0.6087. The total length and weight of the samples were 32.0-62.2 cm and 354.0-3046 g in females; It varies between 25.0-63.0 cm and 200.0-3350 g in males. The age groups of the examined samples ranged from II to VI. The length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0067L3.079 in females, W = 0.011L2.962 in males, and W = 0.0096L2.993 in all individuals. It was determined that A. grypus showed an isometric growth (p>0.05) in Karakaya Dam Lake. von Bertalanffy growth parameters Lt = 76.53 [1 – e–0.348 (t + 1.22)] for females, Lt = 89.83 [1 – e–0.212 (t + 2.08)] for males and Lt = 92.40 [1 – e–0.200 (t + 2.21)] for all individuals. The growth performance index (Ф') value calculated as 3.309, 3.233 and 3.232 for female, male and all individuals, respectively. Condition factor varies between 0.707-1.120 in females and 0.702-1.356 in males.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- The Effect of Press Parameters on the Physical and Mechanical Properties
of Cement-Bonded Particleboards Produced from Veneer Wastes
Authors: Uğur ARAS; Hüsnü YEL
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the effect of press temperature and time changes on the physical and mechanical properties of cement-bonded particleboards produced using poplar veneer wastes (Populus tremula L.). In this study, single-layer cement-bonded particleboards with a target density of 1200 kg/m3 and a size of 500 x 500 x 10 mm3 were produced using 5 different pressing parameters. The physical (moisture content, density, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, and s screw withdrawal strength) properties of the produced boards were investigated. According to the results obtained, the changes in press time and temperature did not cause a significant change in the water absorption values, while the increase in the pressing time affected the thickness swelling values positively. While the mechanical properties increased with the increase of the pressing time, values suitable for the standard were obtained in all board groups. In addition, it was determined that the most suitable time for production was 24 hours and the temperature application did not have a significant effect on the board properties
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Plant Transplantation Practices: The Case Of Rize
Authors: Ömer Lütfü ÇORBACI; Erdi EKREN, Ömür USTA
Abstract: Today, people seek to quickly obtain the aesthetic and functional features they need when a landscape design is created, thanks to the opportunities provided by rapidly advancing technology. Thanks to transplantation efforts carried out for this purpose, areas that will be landscaped within the city can instantly acquire the appearance they will gain in the long run through seed planting and sapling planting. As part of the study, plant transplantation stages were examined by conducting both plant transplantation with the help of modern methods and machines developed by today's technology and by hand at Rize Ziraat Botanical Garden, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Zihni Derin Campus, the park area under construction in the Portakallık neighborhood and whose name has not been given yet and Rize Animal Shelter, with the aim of contributing to the sustainability of the areas and increasing their visual values. A total of 8 different species (Betula alba L. (Birch), Chamaerops excelsa Thunb. (Chusan Palm), Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Orange), Diospyros kaki L.f. (Oriental Persimmon), Lagerstroemia indica L. (Crape Myrtle), Liquidambar styraciflua L. (American Sweetgum Tree), Platanus orientalis L. (Oriental Plane Tree), Tilia tomentosa Moench (Silver Linden) and 34 plants were studied in the application areas. No plant loss or illness was observed after the application. As a result, it has been revealed that plant transplantation applications in Rize have the potential to improve the city’s green areas, and recommendations regarding plantation studies have been developed.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Histopathological Evaluation Of Liver Changes In Rainbow Trout After
Diethlynitrosamine (DEN) Exposure
Authors: Banu YARDIMCI; Ertan Emek ONUK, Gökmen Zafer PEKMEZCİ
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the hepatocarcinogenic effect of diethylnitrosamine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the most cultivated and consumed fresh water fish. In this study, 120 fish weighing 50-70 g each were used. Randomly selected fish were divided into 3 dosage groups and a control group that contained 30 fish per group. Diethylnitrosaminewas dissolved in 0.1 ml of dimethylsulfoxideat 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, and respectively administered to each of the dosage groups intraperitoneally. On the 15th, 30th and 45th days of the study, 10 fish from each study group were euthanised while under sedation, and necropsies were performed. For histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, tissues were routinely processed and sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and examined by light microscopy. Histology revealed hyperaemia, parenchymal degeneration, mononuclear cell infusion, necrosis, bile ducts hyperplasia, cholangiofibrosis and fatty degeneration of the liver. In immunohistochemical staining, CYP1A was slightly positive in the bile duct epithelium in the C2, A3, B3 and C3 groups, and negative in the other groups. Cytokeratin 18 showed negative staining in all groups. Mild positive staining in the bile duct epithelium, A3, B3 and C3 and negative staining in other groups for glutathione-S-transferase. It was concluded that diethylnitrosamine causes significant damage to liver tissuein fish, even in short-term applications, and may cause neoplastic changes in liver cells over the long term.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Spatial Analysis of Green Areas located in Affected Cities by the
Kahramanmaras Centered Earthquake according to Earthquake Susceptibility
with Geographical Information Systems
Authors: Ali Erdem ÖZÇELİK; Ömer Lütfü ÇORBACI, Turan YUKSEK
Abstract: It is important to define the effective use of urban open green spaces as priority areas within the scope of spatial planning in earthquake disaster management processes in urban areas. It is of vital importance to create urban open green spaces in the most suitable places in terms of spatial and volume density, based on earthquake risk analysis among the priority components within the scope of urban planning. In addition, accessibility, usability, adequate infrastructure systems (water, sanitation, waste, etc.), security, assembly area, etc. of urban open green spaces. It has a positive effect on the effective usability of these areas in the earthquake disaster management process. In this study, risk analysis was carried out in the field of Kahramanmaras earthquake with Geographical Information Systems and the spatial distribution of urban open green areas was evaluated in the planning dimension. The importance of using information technologies in the creation of urban green space zones has been revealed in line with the necessity of considering earthquake risk analyzes in urban development areas in an integrated manner with the planning process.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Effects of Phytotheraphy in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Muhammed Taha KAYA; Tolga GÜVENÇ
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by a persistent increase in blood glucose levels, causing various metabolic disorders. There are 2 main types of diabetes: Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (insulin-independent). Type 1 DM results from the inability to produce insulin as a result of epigenetic (autoimmunity / mutation) or acquired destruction of the β cells of the pancreas. T2DM is characterized by a prolonged increase in blood glucose levels due to a defect in insulin secretion or the insulin receptor. If diabetes is not treated well, it can affect various organs such as the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, brain and eyes, leading to various life-threatening complications and even death. Since there is no complete treatment for the disease, the applications are aimed at keeping blood glucose levels under control. However, the drugs applied may have different side effects. With this situation, medicinal plants with antihypoglycemic and antidiabetic potential have been used as supplements in diabetes. The aim of supportive treatment is to increase the effect of medical treatment, to reduce the effects of complications due to DM, and to increase the living standards of patients. The aim of this review is to compile the mechanisms of action of phytotherapeutic agents obtained from various medicinal plants on experimental animals and cell lines for which diabetes models were created.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Türkiye'de “Su Ürünleri” Alanında Hazırlanmış Doktora
Tezlerinin Bibliyometrik Analizi (1979-2022)
Authors: Hamdi AYDIN
Abstract: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde 1979-2022 yılları arasında su ürünleri alanında yazılmış doktora tezlerinin bibliyometrik yapısını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) Tez Merkezi bünyesinde bulunan “Su Ürünleri=Aquatic Product” konulu doktora tezleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda Türkiye’deki 43 üniversitede su ürünleri alanında 1040 adet doktora tezi çalışması yürütüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. En fazla doktora çalışmasının yapıldığı ilk 5 üniversitenin sırasıyla; Ege %25,87 (n=269), Çukurova %10,77 (n=112), İstanbul %9,42 (n=98), Fırat %5,96 (n=62) ve Atatürk Üniversitesi %5,10 (n=53) olduğu görülmüştür. Su Ürünleri alanında yürütülen doktora tezlerinin 41 farklı anabilim dalında yürütüldüğü ve bu anabilim dallarından Su Ürünleri Anabilim Dalı %26,54 (n=276) ile birinci sırada iken, Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Anabilim Dalı %22,50 (n=234) ile ikinci ve Su Ürünleri Temel Bilimle Anabilim Dalı %15 (n=156) ile üçüncü sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Doktora tezlerinde en fazla çalışılan ilk üç konunun balık yetiştiriciliği, balık biyolojisi ve balık işleme olduğu ve yine en sık kullanılan İngilizce anahtar kelimelerden ilk üçünün ise trout (n=133), fish (n=107), rainbow trout (n=107) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Su ürünleri alanında hazırlanan 1040 adet doktora tezinin 1024 adedi Türkçe, 16 adedi ise İngilizce dilinde yazıldığı ve yine öğrencilerden %61,88 (n=646)’inin erkek, %38.2 (n=394)’inin de kadın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doktora tezlerinin büyük çoğunluğuna (%69, n=727) Prof. Dr. unvanına sahip öğretim elemanlarının danışmanlık yaptığı, tezlerin ortalama sayfa sayısının 141,19±68,73 adet olduğu ve en fazla yabancı uyruklu öğrencinin de Kastamonu Üniversitesinden (13 adet) mezun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
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