 Subjects -> ANIMAL WELFARE (Total: 103 journals)
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- Embryo Losses on Poultry
Authors: Esra ÜNBAŞ; Coşkun KONYALI, Türker SAVAŞ
Abstract: Hatchability is the result of a managerial process that covers the entire process from the acquisition of breeders to their care and feeding conditions and hatchery practices. Knowing each factor affecting that process and the interactions between them will enable the determination of the proper management strategies in reducing embryo losses. Incubation efficiency can actually be thought of as minimizing embryonic losses that may occur for whatever reason. In this context, considering that embryonic losses can reach up to 15% of eggs in some poultry species, it is seen how important the issue is in terms of cost and profitability.This article aims to examine the genetic and environmental factors that cause embryonic deaths in poultry species. It is predicted that scrutinizing these factors affecting hatchability and operating profitability will provide important contributions to the poultry industry for our country.
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
- The Structure and Microbial Contamination Routes of Eggshell
Authors: İlayda ÖZÇEVİK; Serol KORKMAZ, Burcu İrem OMURTAG KORKMAZ
Abstract: Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) egg consists of two main structures: external and internal. The external structures (eggshell) of the egg include cuticle, calcified shell and shell membranes which are natural physical and chemical barriers against microbial contamination. The quality of these structures plays a crucial role in the contamination and penetration of microorganisms into the egg. Nutrition, cage system, environmental conditions and infectious diseases directly influence the eggshell quality. While dirty, cracked or deformed eggshells negatively affect the preference of consumers, it also increases the risk of microbial contamination and threatens food safety and public health. Microbial contamination of eggs occurs in two main ways as endogenous and exogenous. Eggshell is contaminated especially exogenously with microorganisms immediately after oviposition. Various decontamination and sanitation methods, biosafety rules and legal regulations reduce the risk of microbial contamination for food safety and public health from farm to fork within the one health concept.
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Yapay Zeka Teknolojilerinin Hayvancılıkta Kullanımı
Authors: Niyazi Hayrullah TUVAY; Orhan ERMETİN
Abstract: Software, various sensors, and smart machines produced by artificial intelligence technology are used successfully in many sectors. With artificial intelligence applications, it is possible to make healthy decisions in the field of animal husbandry, to make correct interpretations, and to analyze many more variables in a shorter time and reach a conclusion. These technologies also help improve productivity and product quality by greatly reducing human labor and human error. Artificial intelligence technologies have been increasingly used in the field of animal husbandry with the advantages and conveniences it provides. With artificial intelligence programs, which are increasingly used in animal husbandry, human intervention and error are eliminated in many areas such as the emotional state of animals, nutritional habits, control of milk yields, and herd management. By eliminating external factors such as earrings, signs, tags, etc. which are applied to identify animals, these technologies not only reduce the workload and cost, but also contribute to animal welfare. They are also used in biosecurity, disease monitoring and control, animal monitoring, farm management, control of growth in farm animals, and similar issues. In this study, information and examples about artificial intelligence applications in animal husbandry are presented.
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Meta-Analysis to Predict the Effects of Wooden Breast Myopathy on Breast
Meat Quality Characteristic
Authors: Hüseyin Cem GÜLER; Çiğdem ŞEREMET
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the quality characteristics of wooden breast and normal breast meat in broilers using a meta-analytical approach.Materials and Methods: The articles to be used in the study were obtained from the Google Scholar database. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted between January and February of 2023. As a result of the systematic literature review, 17600 results were displayed and 30 studies determined according to the exclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses in this study were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version 4.0 software, and overall effect sizes were calculated according to the random model.Results: All studies included in the meta-analysis were found to be heterogeneous. The estimated effect size (1.216) of the effect of wooden breast myopathy on breast muscle weight was calculated as positive and very strong. The quite strong effect size value calculated for ultimate pH (0.910) and lightness (0.891) in our study shows that both ultimate pH and lightness remained higher in meats with wooden breast myopathy compared to control group meats.Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis showed that wooden breast myopathy caused technological changes in the breast meat and reduced meat quality.
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Structural Characteristics of Small Ruminants Enterprises in Hakkâri
Province
Authors: Yusuf DEMİR; Selçuk Seçkin TUNCER
Abstract: Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the structural characteristics of the small ruminant farms in Central, Çukurca, Yüksekova, Şemdinli and Derecik districts of Hakkâri Province, including the barn characteristics and the socio-demographic characteristics of the owners.Materials and Methods: The research material consists of data obtained from face-to-face surveys with 96 breeders. Stratified sampling method was used to determine the enterprises.Results: Almost all of the farm owners (97.9%) were male. The majority of breeders (52.1%) were found to be between the ages of 41-60. Families with 4-6 and 7-9 households were found to be the majority. One third of the breeders (33.3%) were primary school graduates. It was found that 41.7% of the breeders had 26 years of experience or more. 46.9% of the small ruminant barns are made of stone and 26% of bricks. An important part of the breeders (74%) use the paid shepherd. The majority of enterprise owners (95.8%) surveyed reported that they were members of breeders' organizations. The sources of breeding information were mostly family elders (59.4%) and provincial or district directorates of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (34.4%).Conclusion: In terms of the sustainability of small ruminants breeding; it is important to make the employment of young people more attractive in the sector, to increase the education level of the breeders and to increase the state support to livestock enterprises.
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Effectiveness of Agar Nutrient and Precooling Process for Long Term
Storage of Anaerobic Gut Fungi
Authors: Tuğçe TURGUT; Ayşe Nur TANIŞ, Emin ÖZKÖSE, Mehmet Sait EKİNCİ
Abstract: Objective: Culturing and long term storage of anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) is a more challenging process compared to aerobic and prokaryotic gut microbiome. For prolonged storage, carried out under anaerobic conditions, various cryoprotectans such as glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), blood serum, sorbitol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are widely used to protect the cell from possible damages of freezing.Materials and Methods: Caecomyces GMLF77 was isolated and purified from wild goat feces using various energy sources (wheat straw, sucrose, dextrose, xylose and glucose), and Orpinomyces GMLF18 was obtained from the culture collection. Both isolates were stored in agar slant and Roll tube agar media at different temperature combinations until 6 months and later survival rates of the isolates were analyzed.Results: The isolate Caecomyces GMLF77 showed the highest survival rate (67%) when it was grown in the agar slant medium containing xylose as sole energy source and stored directly at –196 °C (liquid nitrogen) under the preservation of 15% glycerol. The isolate Orpinomyces GMLF18 showed survival rate of 83% after the six-month storage period when it was grown in agar slant medium containing glucose as sole energy source and kept at –196 °C without any precooling. No survival was observed for both isolates when they were treated at 4 °C, regardless of medium type and energy source used in the experiment.Conclusion: The results suggest that precooling of fungal isolates in low temperatures just before long-term storage in liquid nitrogen has no remarkable positive effect on their survival rates.
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Genetic Variations in HSP90AA1 Gene Region in Pırlak Sheep Breed
Authors: Kadriye Gül YURDAGÜL; Sude ATAY, Ümit BİLGİNER, Taki KARSLI, Eymen DEMİR
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to reveal variations in HSP90AA1 gene region in Pırlak sheep breed.Material and Methods: A total of 100 animals randomly chosen from representative herds raised in Antalya province were genotyped by Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR) technique and genotypes were validated via agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: HSP90AA1 region was found to be polymorphic in which two alleles (C and G) and three possible genotypes (CC, CG and GG) were detected. The frequencies of C and G alleles were 0.39 and 0.61, respectively, whereas genotype frequency ranged from 0.183 (CC) to 0.413 (GG). The frequency of CG genotype was calculated as 0.404. Conservation of the genetic variations at HSP90AA1 region will be required for planning selection programs against heat stress in the future.Conclusion: HSP90AA1 and similar genes may offer new opportunities to reduce heat stress caused by global climate change in the near future. Additionally, more genetic studies for the other genomic regions related to environmental stressors should be conducted in Pırlak breed in order to shape conservation studies.
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Identification and Characterization of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A
(CPT1A) Gene in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Emel ÖZCAN GÖKÇEK; Raziye IŞIK
Abstract: Objective: CPT1A intervenes in the access of the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA to the mitochondrial matrix. In this study, we conducted the genetic polymorphisms of the partial sequence of the CPT1A gene in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) that were cage cultured in the Aegean Sea.Material and Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from 100 European sea bass individuals. After amplifying a partial region of the CPT1A gene by thermal cycler, PCR products were sequenced via Sanger method.Results: We detected two SNPs in partial sequence of the CPT1A gene in European sea bass. TT, TA and AA genotypes were observed for CPT1A g.2080T>A locus with frequencies of 27.04, 49.92 and 23.04%, respectively. The frequencies of the g.2216A>G locus as AA, AG and GG were found to be 1.2, 19.58 and 79.21%, respectively. The CPT1A g.2080T>A locus was in HWE, whereas the g.2216A>G locus was not in HWE.Conclusion: European sea bass has a high commercial value. These findings suggest that two SNPs in the CPT1A gene could be used for genomic selection programs related to fatty acid composition in European sea bass.Keywords: Fatty acid, SNP, sea bass, variation
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Loin Eye Muscle Ultrasonic Measurements, Live Weight and Some Body
Measurements in Yalova Kıvırcık Lambs
Authors: Emre ALARSLAN; Turgut AYGÜN, Nurgül KAÇAR
Abstract: Objective: This study was carried out to determine ultrasonic measurement parameters of the loin eye muscle characteristics, live weight and some body measurements in the marketing period of Yalova Kıvırcık lambs, and the relationships between them.Material and Methods: The research animal material consisted of 308 Yalova Kıvırcık lambs in 9 different farms under extensive conditions in Yalova province of Türkiye.Results: Least square means for backfat thickness (BFT), skin thickness, muscle depth (MD), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), and live weight (LW) at the mean age of 112 days were 0.20 cm, 0.15 cm, 1.94 cm, 60.50 cm, 73.82 cm, and 29.26 kg, respectively. Results of statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between flocks in terms of MD, BFT, skin, BL, CG, and LW (P<0.001). The effect of gender was statistically significant on MD (P<0.05), BL (P<0.01), CG and LW (P<0.001).Conclusion: As a result, it was found that the MLD measurements, the live weight, and some body measurements in Yalova Kıvırcık lambs were similar to those in Kıvırcık breed and in some indigenous sheep breeds in Türkiye.Keywords: Loin eye muscle, carcass, backfat thickness, ultrasonic measurement, Yalova Kıvırcık
PubDate: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +030
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