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- Effect of Supplementation of Pure Glycerol on Fattening Performance, some
Blood Parameters, Carcass Yield and Meat Colour of Lambs
Authors: Ömer BERBER; Mürsel ÖZDOĞAN
Abstract: Objective: The effects of 100 and 200 g pure glycerol mixed to diets on fattening performance, blood parameters, and carcass yield and Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) colour of lambs and were investigated. Material and Methods: Twenty-four Kivircik male lambs, weaned at 3-3.5 months of age were used. Lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups and were fed in individual pens. Animals were assigned to experimental diets containing 0 (Control group), 100g (G100 group) and 200 g (G200 group) glycerol/animal/day. Lamb feeds were given ad libitum, and also wheat straw was given 130 g / animal/ day. The trial lasted 56 days.Results: Daily weight gain during the fattening period and dry matter intake at the 0-28 days of G100 group were increased compared to the other groups (P<0.05). During the fattening period, the G100 group has better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the other groups (P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, there was no statistical difference serum glucose and total protein values of lambs among the groups. The hot carcass yields, L* and a* values of MLD in the groups feeding diets with glycerol increased compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the addition of 100 g glycerol to the diet of lambs had a more positive effect on fattening performance, since the addition of 100 g glycerol to lamb diets negatively affected feed consumption.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- The Effects of Carotenoids Added to Mixed Feeds on Meat Quality of
Broilers
Authors: Selim MERT; Figen KIRKPINAR
Abstract: Objective: In this study, the effects of carotenoids addition in broiler feeds on meat quality was investigated.Materials and Methods: Eight hundered forty of Ross 308 one day old male broiler chicks are randomly divided into seven groups. The first group (K) as the control group was fed with basal diet without any pigment additives, the second group (LK) was fed with 80 ppm lycopene added basal diet, the third group(LT) was fed with 80 ppm lutein added basal diet, the fourth group (ZK) was fed with 80 ppm zeaxanthin added basal diet, the fifth group (LK+LT) was fed witth 40 ppm lycopene and 40 ppm lutein added basal diet, the sixth group (LK+ZK) was fed with 40 ppm lycopene and 40 ppm zeaxanthin added basal diet and the seventh group (ZK+LU) was fed with 40 ppm zeaxanthin and 40 ppm added basal diet, were designed. Feed and water were provided as ad-libitum.Result: When the results obtained from the study were examined, body weight, breast meat MDA values, color of the breast meat’s “b” color value and sensory analyzes, color and water content were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The addition of lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin to poultry feeds has positive effects on meat color and MDA. Due to these effects, it was concluded that lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin can be recommended as a good source of carotenoids
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications During The Last Decade on Growth
Performance In Animal Science
Authors: Fatma YARDİBİ; Mehmet FIRAT
Abstract: Objective: The studies conducted in growth performance are significantly related to productivity; consequently, this field a critical part of animal science. Zootechnical research in this field is growing, and bibliometric analysis of publications may guide the researchers and raise awareness on specific research trends and key topics.Material and Methods: This paper reviewed the growth performance literature via multiple analyses to examine the growth and global longitudinal trends through bibliometric analysis and network analysis. The research data consisted of 10240 studies published between 2010-2020 by the selected criteria. A visualization tool called CiteSpace, which reveals a deep level analysis, especially for future research trends prediction, was used.Results: It was concluded that 2010 was a turning point in this field, as it was observed that academic studies were mostly carried out in 2010, and these studies were more cited. The most cited reference is the National Research Council studies; the most active country in the academic publication is China (2236 counted.) Accepted as a turning point or central point, the country with the highest centrality value was the USA (0.20). It has been seen that the main researches focused on nutrient digestion, broiler chicken, and meat quality. Conclusion: In this study, our combination of bibliometric methods and a systematic review makes for a better understanding of growth performance methods for both researchers and practitioners. Thus, this paper concentrates on filling the gap in Zootechnical researches by carrying out a visualized bibliometric analysis to discover the existing themes, hot topics, and potential future research directions.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- Major Royal Jelly Proteins
Authors: Aytül UÇAK KOÇ; Zehra Burcu BAKIR
Abstract: Today, interest in functional foods is increasing. Royal jelly, one of the bee products, is among the functional foods. Royal jelly (RJ) is secreted by worker bees at a young age (5-15 days) and enables worker bee larvae to turn into queen bee larvae in the colony, it is also known as caste determinant food . The content of RJ mainly includes water (60 -70%), protein (9-18%), lipid (3-8%), carbohydrate (7-18%), ash (0.8-3%), 10-Hydroxy- 2-Decenoic acid (10-HDA) (> 1.4%), contains small amounts of vitamins, salt and free amino acids. According to current knowledge, the two most important ingredients that give RJ functional properties are 10-HDA and major royal jelly proteins. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJP) constitute 82-90% of the total protein in RJ. MRJP family consists of 10 members. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on MRJP1, which is the first and most abundant in the MRJP family. Studies have shown that the MRJP family generally has longevity, anti-tumor and antioxidant effects, and immunomodulatory effects. In this review, the MRJP family, also called immune proteins in RJ, will be discussed in detail.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- Growth and Health Traits of Lambs Raised in Novel Hoop and Masonry Barns
Authors: Başak PEHLİVAN; Cemil TÖLÜ, Türker SAVAŞ
Abstract: Objective: As in all over the world, lamb mortality is an important issue of sheep husbandry in Turkey. Although there are very different reasons for this problem, it is thought that the primary reason is unhealthy pens. Barn climate, especially harmful gases caused by poor ventilation, can negatively affect the growth and health of lambs. The present study was investigated that the growth performance and health traits of Karacabey Merino lambs in a simple, cheap and fully open hoop pen (HP) and enclosed masonry type pen (MP) under breeder’s conditions. Material and Methods: Twenty Karacabey Merino lambs were housed together with their mothers in each pen type. A total of 40 lambs were included in the study. Lambs were distributed randomly to the HP pen and MP pen groups according to birth weight, gender and birth types. Results: Relative environment humidity monitored throughout the experiment ranged from 18% to 94% for the external environment, 8% to 97% for the HP, and 24% to 90% for the MP. The mean of NH3 concentration in the pens was 6.4 ppm for HP and 15.0 ppm for MP (P<0.0001). Daily live weight gains in lambs were 223.9±21.89 g for HP, and 217.9±30.27 g for MP until 52 days of age (P=0.8793); the values were found 307.5±13 g in HP and 341±12 g in MP until age of 130 days (P=0.0059). In the first month of experiment, higher values were obtained in the HP group in terms of hemoglobin (P=0.0186) and erythrocyte numbers (P=0.0156) than in the MP group. However, the difference between values disappeared in the second month of the experiment. The mortality was 30% in MP while, there was no lamb death in HB (P=0.0057). Conclusion: In the study, it could say that due to the lambs, which died in masonry pen due to poor ventilation conditions, they brought the health properties of the two pen types closer to each other. It can be stated that, the hoop pens can be used in closed areas as much as possible, especially in severe winds, because of its low cost and easy installation and transportation.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Oregano Essential Oil or Hot Pepper
Extract on Antioxidant Status of Lamb Meat
Authors: Hayrullah Bora ÜNLÜ; Hasan Hüseyin İPÇAK, Çağrı KANDEMİR, Serdal ÖĞÜT, Özer Hakan BAYRAKTAR
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant status of post-weaned Menemen breed lambs fed with oregano (Oregano Onites L.) essential oil or hot pepper extract (capsicum oleoresin) supplemented feeds.Material and Methods: A total number of 36 post-weaned menemen breeds lambs at the age of eight weeks were divided into three groups as will be 6 females and 6 males in each randomly by control, oregano and pepper. During the experiment, all groups had access to fresh water and feed ad libitum, and the lambs were fed with a similar lamb grower feed for 56 days. Unlike the control group, 300 mg/kg of oregano essential oil or capsicum oleoresin extract were added to the feeds of the oregano and pepper groups.The experiment was maintained for 56 days. Lambs were fed lamb grower feed and fresh water was available ad-libitium during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, 6 female and 6 male lambs from each group were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse and 2.5 cm thick tissue samples were taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle on the left half of each carcass to be used in the analysis.Results: It was determined that the malondialdehyde (MDA) level of the control group was higher, but the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level was lower than the treatment groups (P<0.05). At the end of theexperiment the oxidative stress indices (OSI) of the control, thyme and pepper groups differed significantly (P<0.05), and the OSI values of the treatment groups were calculated as 0.698, 0.566 and 0.494 AU, respectively.Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of oregano essential oil or hot pepper extract had lower the total oxidant level (TOS) and OSI values, but significantly higher the total antioxidant level (TAS) in lambs (P<0.05). Results of this study indicated that both antioxidants have the potential to prevent oxidative stress in lambs, but the antioxidant capacity of hot pepper extract is higher than the same amount of oregano essential oil.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- Effects of genotype, horn and social rank on agonistic behaviours during
food competition in goats
Authors: Cemil TÖLÜ; Türker SAVAŞ
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed at investigating the agonistic interactions among goats in food competition based on genotype, horn and dominance rank. Material and Methods: After determining the dominance rank of the Maltese and Turkish Saanen genotypes, a mixed group consisting of horned, polled and both horned and polled animals, 2 to 5 years old, consisting of 54 heads in total, nine heads each and a total of 6 groups with linear social rank were formed. The observations were evaluated on the basis of their agonistic behaviors in competition for roughage (oat hay) placed in the feeders.Results: Genotype significantly affected the frequency of agonistic behaviors except for displacement behavior in feeder (P≤0.05). Aggressive biting and threatening behaviors in Turkish Saanen were 2.36 and 1.78 times higher than in Maltese (P≤0.0001). The rate of absence at through of Turkish Saanen goats, which displayed higher aggression frequency was higher that of Maltese goats (P=0.0159). The frequency of agonistic behaviors except for flank butting differed according to horn groups (P≤0.05). Total mean frequency of total aggressive behaviors in the descending order ranked 27.73 times/h for hornless, 23.47 times/h for mixed and 18.48 times/h for horned groups. The absence at the feeder differed in horned groups and ranked in the descending order 38% for horn, 16% for mixed and 8% for hornless (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Maltese genotype is more peaceful than the Turkish Saanen genotype and this peacefulness may be useful in terms of food competition.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- A preliminary study on the effect of hay yield and feed values of some
rescue grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl) lines harvested in different
maturity stages
Authors: Levent ÖZDÜVEN; Berrin OKUYUCU, Metin TUNA
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate hay yield, nutrient content, relative feeding value and digestibility of prairie grass lines harvested in different maturing stages. Material and Methods: The plant material of the study was composed of 20 different prairie grass lines that were harvested during the beginning of heading, full heading and beginning of flowering. The harvested plant material were weighed, dried, and used in chemical analyses. Results: Based on the results of the study, ratio of dry matter, ash, crude protein, neutral detergent, fiber and acid detergent of prairie grass lines harvested in different maturing stages were 18.85-34.60, 5.14-9.28, 7.27-19.60, 47.85- 62.18 ve 24.76-34.45 percent, respectively. Fresh yield, hay yield, organic matter, and digestible organic matter yield of the prairie grass lines were 567-4754, 114.04-1338.50, 105.00-1216.20, 84.32-748.23 kg/da, respectively. The chemical composition, relative feeding value, and digestibility of forage of prairie grass lines varied among lines and harvesting times, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: With advancing maturation, ratios of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of the lines increased while their crude protein, ash, relative feed value and digestibility ratio decreased. However, yield of hay, organic matter, crude protein and digestible organic matter of the lines increased.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- Vaccines Applied in Sheep and Goat Breeding
Authors: Fatma AKKAYA; Çağrı KANDEMİR, Turgay TAŞKIN
Abstract: The increase in demand for sheep and goat breeding in recent years has prompted the desire to make the best use of economic income sources in this production. It has been observed that many business owners who are successful in this branch of production, although their main occupation is not livestock, tend to take the right steps in the name of preventive medicine. The most important of these tendencies are, of course, regular vaccinations and up-to-date information sharing. As technology advances, new information is available every day about vaccines used against major diseases observed for sheep and goats in our country (such as contagious agalactia, goat's liver pain, foot and mouth disease, enterotoxemia, plague, pneumonia). In order to have the vaccine efficiency at the highest level; Issues such as the content, type of the vaccine, the diseases it is used in, and storage conditions have gained more importance. This study, it summarized information about the vaccines administered to them with some widespread diseases among sheep and goats in Turkey. Finally, some technical suggestions on the subject were given.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
- Effects of ACTH and Acute Heat Stress on Oxidative Stress in an Early
Environmentally Enriched Broilers
Authors: Çiğdem ŞEREMET TUĞALAY; Özer Hakan BAYRAKTAR, Nilüfer GENÇ
Abstract: Objective: In this study, the effects of early (≤21. d) environmental enrichment and acute heat stress on oxidative stress were investigated and the ability of broilers to cope with later heat stress and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatments were determined.Material and Methods: Six hundred day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups as a control (C), environmental enrichment (EE) and environmental enrichment plus heat stress (EE+HS). At 21 d of age, broilers in EE+HS group were exposed to acute heat stress at 38±1 ˚C for 3 h. On the day 42nd, C and EE groups were divided into 2 subgroups as well Control, Control+ACTH, EE, EE+ACTH. While 50 IU ACTH/kg body weight was injected to Control+ACTH and EE+ACTH groups intramuscularly, broilers in C, EE and EE+HS groups were exposed to heat stress and oxidative stress responses of birds were evaluated. Results: Environmental enrichment did not affect blood corticosterone (CORT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of broilers at 21 d of age. ACTH treatment caused a significant decrease in CORT and MDA concentrations in EE broilers compared to the control group. Exposing birds to heat stress (42nd day) significantly increased CORT, MDA and decreased liver SOD levels in control as compared to EE and EE+HS groups. No significant differences were found in the SOD serum levels between groups. ACTH treatment caused more stress reactions than heat stress.Conclusion: The results obtained from this study show that exposure of broilers to acute heat stress or treatment of experimental adrenocorticotropic hormone causes preferable reactions in oxidative metabolism. It was concluded that rearing in an enrichment environment beginning from early ages can be recommended as a useful method for adaptation to stress.
PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
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