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- Determination of Veterinary and Health Practices in Cattle Breeding Farms
in the Province of Muş
Authors: Mustafa KİBAR; Galip BAKIR
Abstract: Objective: Cattle fattening is an important agricultural activity that is beneficial to the country's economy and to a healthy diet for people. The aim of this study is to determine veterinary and health practices in cattle fattening farms in Muş province. Material and Methods: For this purpose, a survey was conducted in 368 fattening farms in Muş city center and its districts in 2017. Results: While the differences between districts are significant in terms of many characteristics such as the frequency of receiving veterinary service, satisfaction with veterinary service and application of internal and external parasites per feed (p<0.01, p <0.05); differences between districts were not found to be statistically significant in terms of some characteristics such as the reason for receiving veterinary service and not having preventive vaccination in the city center and districts of Muş. 98.6% of the enterprises receive veterinary service, 77.7% apply internal and external parasites at the beginning of the fattening and 92.5% perform protective vaccination.Conclusion: As a result, the differences between districts in general in terms of veterinary health practices are found to be significant. It is thought and suggested that the correct practices in farms regarding this issue can be transferred from farms to farm through public veterinarians.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of Buffalo Milk Production Cost: The Case of Iğdır
Province
Authors: Köksal KARADAŞ; Ömer ÖZGER
Abstract: Objective: The study aims to determine the production cost of buffalo milk in Iğdır Province. Material and Methods: The questionnaires from 92 water buffalo farms obtained at 2016, determined by simple random sampling method were used. While calculating the milk cost, used the combined cost method was used.Results: At the end of the study, it was determined that there were 3.04 female buffaloes in each farm and a total of 3064 kg of buffalo milk was produced. Fixed costs account for 60% of buffalo milk production costs and variable costs for 40%. While the foreign shepherd's expenses have the highest share in variable costs, the most share is received by family labor wage provisions among fixed costs. It was calculated that the selling price of per kilogram of buffalo milk is 1.67 ,thecostis0.59,thecostis0.59and the net profit is 1.08 $. Conclusion: Buffalo breeders have completed the production period profitably by selling buffalo milk at a price above the cost. It can be suggested to increase the number of buffaloes in the region and continue production.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Saanen Keçilerinde Sütçülük Özellikleri, Meme Morfolojisi ve Meme
Ölçülerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma: Ege Üniversitesi
Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü Keçi Sürüsü Örneği
Authors: Aysar Shihab AHMED; Turgay TAŞKIN
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to determine dairy characteristics, udder morphology, udder sizes, and phenotypic correlations between them in Saanen goats.Material and Methods: The animal material of the study consisted of 38 Saanen goats between 3-5 years old, which were raised in the Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Sheep Breeding Unit. Individual identification was made by applying a scorecard developed by ADGA (American Dairy Goat Association) to goats. As udder morphological features; Symmetry of the breast (Symmetrical, Moderately symmetrical, Asymmetrical), separation of the udder lobes (Lobed, Pear-shaped, Saggy), the way the udder is attached to the body (Tie, Moderately connected, Very saggy), the angle between the two nipples (80- 1200; 121-1600; 1610<) and teat shape (Funnel, Bottle, Balloon) were determined individually. Determination of udder sizes continued from the beginning of lactation until they were dry. Udder measurements taken from goats were made individually twice a month, at the beginning and end of lactation, and by taking the average.Results: Dairy characteristics and mean score of the udder system in Saanen goats are respectively, 11 and 25. The ratio of those with lobed, pear, and drooping udder shapes in goats, respectively; was 45%, 30%, and 25%. The averages of udder width and circumference at the beginning and end of lactation in Saanen goats, respectively, are 17.69 cm and 13.85 cm; It is 48.33 cm and 42.53 cm. The depth of the cistern is 2.90 cm, and this value decreased to 1.72 cm at the end of lactation. The difference between the udder characteristics examined according to lactation periods in Saanen goats was statistically significant (p<0.05). The relationship between udder circumference and teat length and udder depth in goats was significant (p<0.01). In addition to the relationship between lactation milk yield and daily average milk yield, the relationship between udder depth and circumference was also found to be significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: It would be beneficial to include dairy and some important udder characteristics in the model in breeding programs or as an indirect selection criterion in goats. Udder characteristics, somatic cell count, and determination of mastitis-resistant strains by genetic markers should be the other basic traits addressed in today's modern goat farms to the extent of possibilities. This situation may vary depending on the purpose and economic possibilities of the farms.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of the Effect of Cinnamon Oil Addition to Ration on Rumen
Degradability Parameters of Some Organic and Conventional Maize
Authors: Sakine UÇAN; Figen KIRKPINAR
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of cinnamon oil addition to ration on rumen degradability parameters of organic and conventional maize by using nylon bag technique.Materials and Methods: In the study, were used three Menemen sheep (3 years old, 45-50 kg body weight) as animal material. In the study, rumen degradability, degradability parameters and effective degradability of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch (ST) contents of organic and conventional forms of energy source of maize were determined by using nylon bag technique according to the 0, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours (h) incubation periods with and without addition of cinnamon oil to the ration of fistulated sheep.Results: The addition of cinnamon oil to the ration did not have a significant effect on the DM degradability, except for the 48 h period, effective DM degradability except for the DM degradability parameters A+B; OM degradability, OM degradability parameters and effective OM degradability parameters in all periods; ST degradability except for the 4 h period, ST degradability parameters effective ST degradability, except for the 0.05 h-1 of rumen outflow rates of organic and conventional maize (P>0.05).Conclusion: The DM, OM and ST degradability, degradability parameters and effective degradability of organic and conventional maize were not significantly affected by the addition of cinnamon oil to the ration. Studies that are more comprehensive are needed on this subject.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- The Effect of Substitute Feeding On Drone Larvae Production Performance in
Honey Bee Colonies
Authors: Devrim OSKAY; Ahmet OĞUZ
Abstract: Objective: In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in functional honey bee products. Due of their high nutritional content, drone larvae (Apilarnil) is capable of a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we compared the individual and total weights of drone larvae obtained from colonies fed with different substitute foods.Material and Methods: 12 out of 100 colonies comparable in queen age, brood status and colony size were used as material. The colonies were divided into three groups: control, sugar syrup and pollen substitute diet. Each group underwent three replications.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the weight averages of individual drone larvae taken from colonies (p>0.05). The difference in the average weight of total drone larvae collected between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). The average weight of total drone larvae produced by the colonies was 23.80 g in the control group, 34.70 g in the honey substitute group, and 44.42 g in the pollen substitute group.Conclusion: In this research, the high average weight of total drone larvae produced in colonies that fed with pollen substitute feed showed that the use of appropriate substitute feeds in colony feeding management in beekeeping practices promotes drone brood production.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Hoof Trimming in Dairy Cattle: Effects on Animal Welfare and Productivity
Authors: Celal İZCİ; Kadir SULU
Abstract: Lameness is one of the most important health, productivity and welfare problems in all dairy farms in the world. More than 90% of lameness in dairy cattle is caused by foot diseases and claw horn disorders. The most commonly recommended practice to prevent and manage lameness is claw trimming. It is important to determine the physiological and behavioral responses of cows undergoing hoof trimming, to evaluate its effect on productivity, and to identify the lack of information on the subject, in terms of shedding light on new research. In this context, it will be useful to evaluate the effects of protective and therapeutic hoof trimming on animal welfare and productivity in dairy cattle. In this review, it is aimed to evaluate the effect of physiological and behavioral response caused by hoof trimming in cattle on animal welfare and productivity.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Gross Margin Analysis of Honey Production: A Case of Siirt Province
Authors: Görkem ÖRÜK; Ayhan YILMAZ, Muhammet Ali KARA, Nazire MIKAIL, Cengiz ERKAN
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the gross margin of honey production in Siirt province and to identify the common problems in beekeeping activities and solutions to these problems.Material and Methods: The material of the research was collected from beekeeping farmers with questionnaire form in 2020 in Siirt. The results are based on primary data obtained from a sample of 169 beekeping farmers. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal Wallis test were used in the analysis of the data. Gross margin was derived by subtracting variable cost from the gross production value.Results: According to the results obtained from the study, the average comb honey yield per hive was 5.30 kg, and the average strained honey yield per hive was 2.99 kg. According to the farm groups, the highest average strained honey yield per hive is obtained in the third group. It was determined that the highest comb honey and strained honey yield per hive was obtained in the Merkez district, the lowest strained honey yield per hive was obtained in Kurtalan, and the lowest comb honey yield per hive was obtained in Eruh district. Total variable costs and gross margin per hive were calculated as 152.01 TL and 98.13 TL, respectively.Conclusion: Ensuring product range with other bee products, taking a more active role and working more effectively, and publishing studies on modern beekeeping methods will contribute to the development of beekeeping activities in Siirt.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Status of Roughage Production and Sufficiency in Muş Province
Authors: Hülya HANOĞLU ORAL
Abstract: In this study, the roughage production and its status of sufficiency for the presence of current livestock in Muş province were examined. The large and small ruminant existence of the province was a total of 307.660 animal units in 2019 and, it was calculated that 1.403.699 tons of quality roughage was needed to meet only the maintenance requirements of these animals. The main roughage source for the farm animals in the province is composed of natural meadows and rangelands. However, early and heavy grazing having been continued for a long time has led to the weakening of the yield potential of rangelands. Moreover, the cultivation of forage crops, another important source of quality roughage apart from the meadows and the rangelands, is not at sufficient level. Since the roughage production obtained from the meadows, rangelands and forage crops cultivation was calculated to be 748.160 tons in 2019 in the province, it was concluded that the existing quality roughage production met only 53.3% of the maintenance requirements of animals. However, for a rational animal feeding, not only their maintenance requirements should be taken into account but also at least 5-7 kg of milk production should be met from quality roughages. In the province, quality roughage deficit is met from such poor quality feed sources as hay, straw and stubble (507.369 tons) and these feeds with poor quality feed value compose the basic component of rations. In order to develop livestock farming, firstly, the need for quality roughage should be available sufficiently, cheaply and regularly
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- The Effects of Age and Daytime Periods on Behavioral Traits of Turkish
Geese Reared in Free-Range System
Authors: Mehmet Akif BOZ; Kadir ERENSOY, Musa SARICA
Abstract: Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of age and daytime periods on the behavioral traits of domestic Turkish geese reared in free-range production system at 7-18 weeks of age.Material ve Methods: The study was carried out at Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Application Farm (Atakum, Samsun, Turkey). The animal material of the study consisted of 112 (8 replicates) domestic Turkish geese. The goslings were reared indoors for the first 6 weeks. Each pen of the geese reared in the free-range production system has a 9 m2 closed (1.55 birds/m2) and 33 m2 free range (0.42 birds/m2) area. Behavioral characteristics of geese such as outdoor access, running, feather pecking, feeding-drinking, resting, wing flapping and feather shaking, and preening were determined by the same observer for 4 days in a week at 09:00, 13:00 and 17:00 hours between 7 and 18 weeks of age. Behaviors were determined by continious observation method for 4 minutes at the pen level and recorded on the forms.Results: Significant differences were determined in feeding-drinking and resting behaviors depending on age (p˂0.05). Age had no significant effect on other behavioral traits (p˃0.05). Feeding-drinking behavior was at the highest level at the 8, 9 and 10 weeks of age, while the lowest (29.73%) level was determined at the 17 weeks. Resting behavior was the highest at 8 weeks and lowest at 16 weeks. The effect of day-time periods on the behavioral characteristics was found insignificant (p˃0.05). The effect of age x day-time period interaction was also insignificant (p˃0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, no significant difference was observed between the behavior of the geese reared in the free-range system during the growth period according to the daytime period. Feeding-drinking and resting behaviors differed depending on age. With advancing age, these behaviors decrease proportionally. The behaviors of running, feather pecking, wing flapping and feather shaking, feather care and cleaning and the outdoor access did not differ depending on age.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Investigation of Yield and Some Quality Features of Royal Jelly Harvested
from Honeybee Colonies Fed with Food Substitutes
Authors: Devrim OSKAY; Gökhan BAYRAK
Abstract: Objective: In several nations, royal jelly is used in apitherapy, healthful foods, and cosmetics. The production and quality of royal jelly collected from honeybee colonies are being worked on by researchers and beekeepers. This study investigated the effect of honey and pollen substitute feeding on the production efficiency of royal jelly. In addition, analyses were conducted to determine the differences between fed and unfed groups in terms of 10-hydroxy-2-deconoic acid (10-HDA), protein and pH characteristics, honey, and pollen substitute.Material and Methods: In this research, the influence of honey and pollen substitute feeding on royal jelly production was examined using the ANOVA test for multiple comparisons by forming 3 different groups and conducting 2 replications. Also, features of the 10- hydroxy-2-deconoic acid (10-HDA), protein and pH of the royal jelly was analyzed for understanding differences among the non-feeding pollen and honey substitute feeding groups.Results: The average RJ quantity per queen cup for non-feeding colonies (Group A) was 420 mg, while the content of 10-HDA, protein and pH were 2.40%, 14.06% and 4.20%, respectively. For the colonies fed with sugar syrup (Group B), these values were 470 mg, 2.51%, 12.88%, 4.25 and for the colonies fed with syrup+pollen substitute (Group C) 530 mg, 4.05%, 13.13% and 4.18. The statistical test and contents analysis highlighted the impact of substitute feeding on average quantity amounts and 10-HDA. According to the results of the research, average RJ amounts in queen cell cup was significantly different in three honey bee colonies feeding groups (p<0.05). Colonies fed with sugar syrup +pollen substitute (Group C) colonies were filled the queen cell cups more amount of RJ than non-feeding (Group A) and fed with sugar syrup (Group B) colonies were filled RJ in the queen cell cups with significantly different. In the study, the colony fed with the sugar syrup +pollen substitute showed almost double the amount of 10-HDA value in RJ than non-feeding and fed with sugar syrup colonies. Protein and pH values shows no differences among the groups.Conclusion: Even at times when nectar and pollen were available in nature, it was observed in this research that providing pollen substitution feed to honey bee colonies supported the output and quality of royal jelly.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +030
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