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- Genotype by Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability Analysis for
Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: solomon shibeshi, Muluneh Mekiso
Pages: 1 - 6
Abstract: The productivity of bread wheat varieties affected by many factors including the agro-ecology of the growing area. It is important to test the adaptability and yields of released varieties in multi-location for their productivity. This study was designed to evaluate the yield potential and stability of bread wheat varieties across locations. A total of fourteen recently released bread wheat varieties were evaluated during 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons at three locations. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications were used for the experiment. The gross plot area was 3m2 (2.5m X 1.2m) and each plot consisted of six rows spaced 20cm apart. Based on the analysis of variance genotypes (G), environments (E) and their interaction (GEI) were highly significant for many of the traits considered including grain yield. The highest average grain yield 3720 kg/ha was recorded from Wane variety while the smallest 2590 kg/ha was recorded from Dereselegn variety. The first two principal component axes (PC1) and (PC2) of the AMMI model explained 63.78 % and 26% respectively. Thus, these two axes accounted for 89.77 % of the total G x E interaction sum of squares for grain yield. Based on the two analyses AMMI and GGE-biplot models, Biqa and wane, characterized by high yield and stability, the Biqa close to ideal genotype, so this variety is adaptable for a wide range while kakaba genotype provided high yield but not stable thus it was adapted to specific environment. Bulluk and Dereselegn genotypes were exhibited a lower score for both yield and stability. It was moreover suggested that the evaluation of wheat genotypes for grain yield under multi- locations should be carried out to exploit more yield potential.
PubDate: 2022-03-08
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Production, Processing, and Value Addition of Selected Fruits and
Vegetables in Particular Region of Bangladesh: Status, Challenges, and
Opportunities
Authors: Md. Abdul Alim, Sarawat Rashid, Md Jahangir Alam, Md Esrafil, Tayeba Khan, Khan Md Murtaja Reza Linkon, Dr Younus Ali, AKM Zakaria
Pages: 7 - 15
Abstract: The objective of the study was to explore the status, challenges, and opportunities of production, processing, and value addition of banana, tomato, and jackfruit in the Gazipur and Bogura districts of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey with purposive sampling (n=200) was conducted by qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. About 97% of respondents age were 20-60 years with under secondary level (63%) education. Most of the family (38% and 29.50%) contain of four and three family members respectively with male (73%) and female (27%). The core sources of income were from farming (67.50%), non-farm enterprise (14.50%), and animal husbandry (12%). About 66% of the respondents had 0.20-1.00 acre of land for cultivating bananas, tomatoes, and jackfruit. Almost 45% of the respondents had allocated 0.11-0.20-acre land individually for banana and tomato whereas, jackfruit was grown within 0.02-0.10-acre land individually. It was also found that 47%, 39%, and 80% of respondents harvested 101-200 kg of banana, 401-500 kg of tomato, and 300 pieces of jackfruit respectfully. Most of the respondents had no idea about improved technology or new methods for crops production. Most of the farmers had sold their crops as raw and ripe in the local retail market and they have no idea about processed foods from these fruits, processing methods and machines, value addition, and marketing channels. However, they wanted to be part of value addition for improving their livelihood. It is stated that processing and value addition provide enough opportunities for government and non-government entities to make use of their resources.
PubDate: 2022-03-08
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Zero Energy Cool Chamber (ZECC): An Unique Low-cost Food Preservation
System
Authors: Debasree Ghosh
Pages: 16 - 22
Abstract: Zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) is an environment friendly or eco-friendly and low-cost post-harvest technology which can be made up with locally available low-cost materials like brick, sand etc. For this reason, it can easily be constructed in rural and remote areas. It is mainly used to store fruit and vegetable. It does not need any electricity that’s why it also saves energy. Temperature and humidity are two important factors that plays important role in ZECC. ZECC contains a double walled chamber which can be made of baked bricks with coarse sand, which is used to filled the annular space of the storage system.From various sources it has been observed that high ambient temperature plays a major role in storage of products and it accelerates the process of dehydration in fruits and vegetables and it also reduces the water content of fruits and vegetables, decreases their shelf-life and it also makes co-spoilage in due course of time. As the conventional methods of air conditioning and refrigeration are costly and they require electricity, so, in many rural areas farmers are not be able to use this. ZECC is used not only to solve this problem, but also to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.
PubDate: 2022-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Time of Lime Application on Performance of Food Barely in Acidic Soil,
Gummer District, Southern Highland Ethiopia
Authors: Tarekegn Tefera Lele, Paulos Ketema Kebede
Pages: 25 - 29
Abstract: Soil acidity is the main bottleneck to crop production, causing reduced yields in highlands areas with heavy rainfall. Lime application is the most common method of restoring soil acidity and can increase soil pH, improve nutrient availability for plants, and alter physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. However, the lime application time varies greatly along the boundary and deviates from the time recommended by different researchers. The experiment was initiated to determine the appropriate timing of recommended lime application as a function of exchangeable acidity (Al3+ and H+) on yield and yield attributes of barley on acidic soils during three main growing seasons. The experiment consisted of six treatments (incorporated lime 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days before planting) and was arranged in a three-replicate randomized complete block design. The result over the years showed that barley yield and yield parameters were influenced in a statistically significant way (P<0.05) by the timing of lime application. The highest yield (5.06 t.ha-1) was recorded with lime incorporation 30 days before sowing, while the lowest yield (4.05 t.ha–1) was recorded 15 days before sowing. The current experiment suggests that a reasonable lime reaction time is required to effectively neutralize the exchangeable acid. Therefore, probable practice application of lime beginning from 30 days and above earlier than planting to enhance the productivity of barley in study area and comparable agro-ecologies.
PubDate: 2022-06-08
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Determinants of Forage and Forage Seed Production in Silte and Gurage
Zones and, Yem Special Woreda, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: Samuel Zawde, Destaw Muluye
Pages: 30 - 38
Abstract: Poor feed and nutrition are major constraints of livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. Crop residues are becoming the major livestock feed resources in Ethiopia. Crop residues are nutritionally characterized as containing a high proportion of cell wall and deficient in energy, protein and micronutrients. The country has developed several feed production and utilization technologies. However, production of these technologies has so far been under expected. So, identification of the major determinants and policy factors influencing the production of improved feed technologies are required to help design policy and institutional interventions to improve smallholder farmers production and utilization of improved forages. A household survey was applied to collect information from 120 farm households, and Multiple linear regression model was used to quantify the factors determining improved forage and forage seed production. The analysis revealed that land holding, family size and education level of households had positive and significant influence, whereas distance to farmers training centre and distance to market from their residence had negative and significant influence on improved forage and forage seed production. Policy suggestions drawn from the study results include: (1) As education has positive and significant impact on improved forage production and utilization, strengthening education in the study area could increase improved forage production and utilization. (2) Enhancing strong agricultural extension services to transfer and practice agricultural technology like improved forage production and utilization in small plot of land together with crop production (3) Finally, to encourage the production and utilization of improved forage using family members as labour force helps to minimize labour cost and could increase production and utilization of improved forage. These all-discussed issues above should be considered by responsible government and non-government bodies to encourage the production and utilization of improved forage.
PubDate: 2022-04-20
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Effect of Seed Priming with Extract of Cissus quadrangularis on Wheat and
Mung Seedlings under Different Salt Concentrations
Authors: Divya Sharma, Nitish Kumar, Parul Chowdhury
Pages: 1 - 11
Abstract: Salinity stress inhibits plant growth by affecting morphological, photosynthesis, antioxidant phenomena, and nitrogen metabolism, among other physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, the effects of pre-soaking wheat and mung grains in aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis on growth, and antioxidant activity of salt-treated plants, were investigated. The pre-soaking of grains in extract demonstrated a significant enhancement in growth parameters. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidise (GPOX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) increased with increasing the concentration of C. quadrangularis extract up to 3% w/v while decreasing when at a higher concentration of 10% w/v. The estimation of bioactive compound proline also observes higher concentrations at 3% w/v under treatment with different salt stress. Therefore, the study suggested that seed priming with plant extract is an effective technique to improve the growth of wheat and mung seedlings under salt stress conditions.
PubDate: 2021-11-25
DOI: 10.37591/rrjoast.v10i3.3217
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2021)
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