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- The Role of Selenium in Controlling Reproductive Disorder in Beef Cattle
Authors: Ening Wiedosari, Yulvian Sani
Abstract: Reproductive failure is regarded as a problem in the breeding of beef cattle as indicated by low calving rate, low conception rate, longer periods of calving interval, and neonatal mortality. Selenium deficiency may lead to non-infectious reproduction disorder in ruminants. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of selenium in preventing reproduction failure of beef cattle. In the reproduction process, selenium is required for cellular respiration, cellular oxidation, DNA and RNA replication, the integrity of cells membrane, and releasing free radicals. Selenocysteine (SeCys) is the main component of selenoprotein consisting of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to inhibit free radicals formation and reduce risks of tissue damage. Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) involved are: GPX-1 (cytosolic), GPX-2 (gastrointestinal specific), GPX-3 (plasma/extracellular), GPX-4 (phospholipid-hydroperoxides/intracellular) and GPX-5 (spermatozoa mitochondrial capsule). Selenium as an antioxidant is potentially involved in reducing fertility, stillbirth, abortus, and premature in cows based on oxidative stress and selenium deficiency. In male cattle, the role of selenium is to maintain the integrity of cells membrane, spermatozoa fertility, and ejaculation. The selenium deficiency may therefore affect spermatozoa fertility, motility, and fusion to oocytes due to lipid peroxidation. It is then regarded as a factor in reproductive failure mainly in the infertility of cattle. Treatments for reproductive failure due to selenium deficiency could be conducted by supplementing selenium in the mineral mix, periodical dosing of selenium salt, and providing Se-mineral block, the combination of selenium and vitamin E or selenium supplementation in soils to improve the quality of fodder and feeds.
PubDate: 2022-03-30
DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v32i1.2883
Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 1 (2022)
- Melioidosis: Important Neglected Zoonosis and Their Presence in Animal in
Indonesia, Handling Constraints and Solutions
Authors: Tati Ariyanti, Susan M Noor
Abstract: Melioidosis is a zoonosis caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, a saprophyte bacteria that is widely found in the environment. This bacteria causes Melioidosis in various animal species with clinical manifestations vary depending on species, but generally fever, depression, weight loss, respiratory sign, lameness, swelling of the joints, and potentially death. The incidence of Melioidosis in humans has been widely reported in many countries and it is estimated that every year there are 20,038 cases with a mortality rate of 51%. In contrary, there have not been many reports of Melioidosis in animals in the world, due to Melioidosis is not well known, limited diagnostic techniques and laboratory facilities in identifying the disease correctly. The presence of Melioidosis in animals and humans has been reported in Indonesia but the incidence is not yet known. This paper discusses Melioidosis in animals, etiological agent, epidemiology, modes of transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and prevention and their presence in animals in Indonesia and constraints and solutions.
PubDate: 2022-03-30
DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v32i1.3020
Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 1 (2022)
- Revisit the Development of Native Indonesian Chickens from Red Jungle
Fowls (Gallus gallus bankiva) to Commercial Chickens
Authors: Moh Hasil Tamzil, B Indarsih
Abstract: Kampung chicken is one of native Indonesian chickens which has been domesticated from the ancestor of Red Fowl Jungle, and developed by the village community from generation to generation through an extensive rearing method. Before the intensive management of kampung chicken introduced, the chickens were allowed to scavange around the household yard during the day, they slept in the trees, on the roofs or underneath of the household at night. It have been for many years that kampung chickens were crossed with imported exotic breeds, and unplaned selection. As a result, kampung chicken have developed to a considerable high phenotype and genetic varieties with several different names and purposes. There have been selection programs, which have resulted a considerable strain of improved egg type of Kampung chicken (KUB-1 chicken), and a strain of broiler type of local chicken (Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken and Gaoksi chicken). KUB-1 chickens can be used as female lines, and Sensi-Agrinak and Gaoksi chickens can be used as male lines to produce local commercial broilers. The article is intended to provide information on the domestication process of Red Jungle Fowl chickens into Kampung chickens and their development to become layer and broiler line chickens.
PubDate: 2022-03-30
DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v32i1.2585
Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 1 (2022)
- Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from Animals, Food and Humans
Authors: Elma Hrustemović, Faruk Čaklovica, Jasmina Đeđibegović, Kenan Čaklovica
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is considered a global public health problem and is related to the problem of resistance of bacteria in human and veterinary medicine that are transmitted directly and through the food chain. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics in veterinary practice is a special danger for the development of antibiotic resistance. The problem of public health, human and veterinary is the acquired resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. Of particular importance is the emergence of multidrug resistance to Escherichia coli, which is becoming more common in the world, both in human and veterinary medicine, and the possible transmission of resistant Escherichia coli between animals and humans. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of the rational use of antibiotics in animals and humans to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Escherichia coli is an intestinal bacterium of all mammals, widespread in the environment and often present in food of animal origin. Today, a pluripotent bacterium and a carrier of antibiotic resistance genes due to anthropogenic factors, and genes are transmitted through animal bacteria, food bacteria to bacteria of human origin.
PubDate: 2022-03-30
DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v32i1.2965
Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 1 (2022)
- Alternative Solution of Rabbit Development in the Lowlands
Authors: Syamsu Bahar
Abstract: Rabbits are known as livestock suitable to be raised in highland areas with relatively low temperatures. However, rabbits can still survive in lowland areas with relatively high temperatures. Several aspects should be considered to achieve an efficient and profitable rabbit production. An intensive rearing system should be carried out especially in selecting good breeding stock and providing a good nutritional feed. Environmental condition is important to be aware of since the condition that is less appropriate for rabbits, may cause lower production. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problem and solution for developing rabbit production in lowland areas. The breed of rabbit and type of feed that is used for lowland areas are discussed. The main obstacle to raising rabbits in lowland areas is the relatively high temperature. Therefore, climate engineering around the cage becomes an important effort to reduce the air temperature, hence, providing a comfortable environment for rabbits to grow and reproduce.
PubDate: 2022-03-29
DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v32i1.2749
Issue No: Vol. 32, No. 1 (2022)
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