 Subjects -> ANIMAL WELFARE (Total: 103 journals)
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- Dairy goats fed sunflower hay intercropped with chickpea in small-scale
systems. Part II: Cheese yield and composition, sensory analysis and
economic performance
Authors: Aurora Sainz-Ramírez; Julieta-Gertrudis Estrada-Flores, José Velarde-Guillén, Felipe López-González, Carlos-Manuel Arriaga-Jordán
Abstract: Background: Small-scale livestock systems provide quality food for a growing demand of animal protein worldwide. Although these systems help to improve rural living standards and reduce the environmental footprint new feeding strategies should be tested to improve animal productivity. Sunflower -which is native to México- and chickpea -also common in the study area- may be used as feed alternatives for dairy goats. Objective: To evaluate the effect of substituting corn straw with sunflower-chickpea hay on yield and nutrient composition of goat milk. Methods: In this participatory study, a total of 28 multiparous Saanen dairy goats were randomly assigned to two treatments (14 goats each) during a 30-day experiment in a small farm. Two weeks prior to the experiment all goats received an adaptation diet. One treatment (MZST) received a conventional diet of lucerne hay (200 g/goat/day) and concentrate (400 g/goat/day), plus 600 g/goat/day (50% of the ration) of corn straw. The second treatment (SFCPT) contained the same lucerne and concentrate content with 600 g/goat/day of sunflower-chickpea hay. Milk yield and composition, and live weight and body condition of the goats were recorded for each treatment. Results: SFCPT significantly increased milk yield, protein, and solids content, but no difference was observed in milk fat. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of goats with sunflower and chickpea hay increases milk production, protein, and total solids content compared with corn hay.
PubDate: Tue, 30 Aug 2022 00:00:00 -050
- Addition of grape marc improves the silage of aerial parts of cassava
plant
Authors: Jean-Neuton de-Oliveira; Fabio Nunes-Lista, João-Virgínio-Emerenciano Neto, Antonio-Leandro Chaves-Gurgel, Gelson-dos-Santos Difante, Luís-Carlos Vinhas-Ítavo, Patrick Bezerra-Fernandes, Carolina Marques-Costa, Rodrigo da-Silva-Santos, William Gama-de-Oliveira
Abstract: Background: Although it is possible to preserve the aerial part of cassava in the form of silage, as demonstrated in previous studies, its low dry matter content can result in undesirable fermentation and increased effluent losses during silage, leading to a reduction in the final quality of the silage. A possible way to get around this problem would consist in mixing this silage with dehydrated by-products from the agroindustry. Objective: To evaluate the addition of dehydrated grape marc (DGM) to a silage of aerial parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) on the chemical composition, degradability and in vitro gas production of silage. Methods: A completely randomized experimental design was used, with two treatments: (I) silage of the aerial part of cassava without additive; (II) silage of the aerial part of cassava added with 10% dehydrated grape marc (DGM) in the natural matter, as an additive. After 30 days of fermentation, silages were evaluated to estimate the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), as well as pH, in vitro degradability, and cumulative gas production by semi-automatic in vitro gas production. Results: Addition of DGM did not affect CP, EE, NDF, nor TDN levels in silage. The DGM, however, promoted an increase in DM content (32.61 vs 30.31%) and a reduction in pH (4.00 vs 4.75) of the silage. The silage that received DGM presented higher degradability coefficients of soluble and potentially degradable fractions, which led to higher values of potential and effective degradability. Similarly, DGM promoted a reduction in particle colonization time (6.74 vs 10.01 h) and increased cumulative gas production (62.03 vs 57.82 mL/g DM). Conclusion: Addition of 10% dehydrated grape marc in the silage of aerial parts of cassava can be useful to reduce pH and increase dry matter contents of the silage.
PubDate: Fri, 03 Jun 2022 00:00:00 -050
- Ivermectin use on pastured livestock in Colombia: parasite resistance and
impacts on the dung community
Authors: David Villar; David J Schaeffer
Abstract: Ivermectin (IVM) has been the most widely used antiparasitic agent in veterinary medicine since it came to the market in 1981. In its risk assessment, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that, although it is very toxic to aquatic organisms, it is unlikely to contaminate watercourses from current applications registered for animal use. However, the effects of IVM on non-target invertebrate fauna can greatly impact grassland ecology. The economic loss from undegraded dung on lowering the quality of pastures and reducing the area of pasture available and palatable to livestock was US $380 million for the American economy in 2003. We discuss selected aspects of IVM effects on non-target species, dung beetles in pastures. We do not consider confined or feedlot production. Ivermectin affects a highly beneficial and taxonomically diverse group inhabiting dung pats, including flies, parasitic wasps, and coprophilus and predatory dung beetles. Some studies show that dung from IVM-treated animals can remain in the pasture without noticeable signs of degradation for up to 340 days, while pats from untreated animals are almost completely degraded after 80 days. Field and laboratory studies have shown many invertebrates species are susceptible to IVM at concentrations well below those excreted in the feces of treated cattle. IVM affects reproduction and development of coleopteran larvae at concentrations up to 10 times lower that cause mortality. In Colombia, at least 68 species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae have been identified in dung communities. Greater diversity of dung beetles is associated with forests and silvopastoral systems that incorporate native trees and provide habitats for survival. IVM should be used selectively on animals on pasture to minimize parasite resistance and effects on dung beetle communities and other nontarget invertebrate communities.
PubDate: Thu, 05 May 2022 00:00:00 -050
- Effect of the addition of cellulolytic bacteria to ruminal bacteria on in
vitro fermentation characteristics
Authors: Nicolás Torres-Salado; Marco-Antonio Ayala-Monter, Paulino Sánchez-Santillán, Isaac Almaraz-Buendía
Abstract: Background: Digestibility of fiber in the rumen is not due to enzymatic activity of individual bacteria, but rather to their interaction, which complements their enzymatic functioning. Thus, efficiency of fiber digestion depends on the diversity and density of cellulolytic bacteria. Objective: To estimate in vitro production of biogas, methane, and fermentative characteristics of cobra grass (Brachiaria hibrido) inoculated with ruminal bacteria (RB) in coculture with isolated cellulolytic bacteria (ICB) from bovine (ICBbov) or water buffalo (ICBbuf). Methods: ICBbov and ICBbuf were isolated from ruminal cellulolytic bacteria consortia using specific culture media for cellulolytic bacteria. Both were morphologically characterized and a Gram stain was performed. In the in vitro gas production test, the substrate was cobra grass and the inocula were ruminal bacteria (RB), ICBbov, ICBbuf, Coculturebov (RB + ICBbov) and Coculturebuf (RB + ICBbuf). Biogas and methane (CH4) production, as well as dry matter degradation (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber degradation (NDFD) were measured. A completely randomized design was used. Results: The ICB obtained were Gram positive cocci. Accumulated biogas production at 72 h from ICBbov and ICBbuf was on average 42.11% of that produced by RB. The Coculturebov produced 14.24% more biogas than RB. The CH4 production was lower in ICBbov and ICBbuf than in RB, Coculturebov and Coculturebuf. The DMD and NDFD were not different among RB, Coculturebov and Coculturebuf. The ICBbov degraded 37.10 and 96.34% more DMD and NDFD than ICBbuf (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of ICB from bovine or water buffalo in coculture with RB does not improve in vitro production of biogas, DMD or NDFD with respect to RB alone.
PubDate: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 00:00:00 -050
- Pneumonia by Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in a Leopardus tigrinus: Case
study
Authors: Diego F Rincón-Alarcón; Benjamín Doncel, Jesús A Cortés-Vecino
Abstract: Anamnesis: A polytraumatized wild oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) was admitted to the Unidad de Rehabilitación y Rescate de Animales Silvestres (URRAS) veterinary clinic of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Despite the medical efforts, the animal died six hours later. Clinical and laboratory findings: Necropsy examination revealed multiple white nodules of about 2 mm in diameter distributed on the visceral surface of lung caudal lobes. Histopathology revealed lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia with multiple coiled larvae of metastrongyloid nematodes in alveoli and bronchioles. First-stage Aelurostrongylus abstrusus nematode was identified in a fecal sample using the Ritchie copromicroscopic technique. Conclusion: This study reports an incidental severe pulmonary parasitism caused by A. abstrusus in a wild Oncilla (L. tigrinus). This is the first report of A. abstrusus infection associated with pathological lesions in a L. tigrinus from Colombia.
PubDate: Wed, 16 Feb 2022 00:00:00 -050
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