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- Protective effect of medicinal plants and Bacillus licheniformis BCR 4-3
on white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus Authors: Karime A Valdez-Chavez; Antonio Luna-González, Héctor A González-Ocampo, Ruth Escamilla-Montes, Cesar Orozco-Medina, Jesús A Fierro-Coronado Abstract: Background: Up to 100% mortality can occur in shrimp farming due to viral and bacterial diseases. Prophylactic methods to decrease mortality, such as natural additives that do not generate bacterial resistance and environmental problems, are currently under research. Objective: To evaluate the effect of medicinal plants (aloe, basil, ginger, and garlic) and Bacillus licheniformis BCR 4-3 added to the water on the survival of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus IPNGS16. Methods: Two bioassays assessed a mixture of the four powdered plants (4 g/kg of feed) every two days, and the bacillus (1×106, 2×106 and 3×106 CFU/L) added to the water was evaluated every three and seven days. Before each bioassay, the mean lethal concentration of Vibrio was determined. Results: The mixture of medicinal plants in the feed and B.licheniformis BCR 4-3 in the water increased up to 70% the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with V.parahaemolyticus IPNGS16, representing a potential tool for preventing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) infections in commercial shrimp farms. PubDate: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -050
- Liver condemnation due to bovine and buffalo fasciolosis in Antioquia
province, Colombia Authors: Mayra A Quiroga-Robayo; Mónica Uruburu, Erica T Loaiza-Echeverri, Jaime Badel-Mogollon, Nathalia M Correa-Valencia, Lina Carrillo-Bonilla Abstract: Background: Fasciola hepatica affects cattle and buffaloes causing decreased production and liver condemnation at slaughter. Objective: To determine liver condemnation frequency, temporal distribution, and associated factors, as well as the spatial distribution and economic impact of F.hepatica infection based on postmortem inspection of cattle and buffaloes processed between 2010 and 2019 at one of the main slaughterhouses in Colombia. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out, with a convenience non-probability sampling. Temporal distribution of liver condemnation frequency was analyzed. Pearson χ2 test was used to determine association between the dependent variable (i.e., presence/absence of adult parasites of F.hepatica) and frequency rates between months and years. Monthly rainfall data was compared with the accumulated monthly frequency. Association between the dependent variable and production type (i.e., industrial-type bovine cattle —intended for milk production, and commercial-type bovine cattle —intended for meat production), weight, and sex (odds ratios, OR and confidence intervals, 95% CI) was explored. Descriptive maps of the municipalities presenting at least one positive case of F.hepatica in 2019 and weighted prevalences, both for bovines and buffaloes, were designed. Only losses due to liver condemnation between 2010 and 2019 were considered in the economic impact analysis. Results: A total of 1,947,233 animals were processed during the study period, resulting in 3.1% overall frequency of fasciolosis. Industrial-type cattle presented 7.4% higher risk of developing F.hepatica compared to commercial-type cattle (OR=0.074; 95% CI:0.07–0.08). Likewise, male cattle presented 3.88 times more risk compared to females (OR=3.88; 95% CI:3.49–4.33). Economic losses due to liver condemnation were estimated at US$1,129,660 for the study period. Conclusion: This is the first report of Fasciola hepatica in buffaloes in Colombia. Liver condemnations in Colombia occur throughout the year, although its frequency increases during the rainy season. The economic losses, estimated by liver condemnation due to fasciolosis, are high; however, it is necessary to explore such losses considering other productive indicators and larger animal populations. This work demonstrates the importance of systematizing the information generated in slaughterhouses. PubDate: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 00:00:00 -050
- A systematic review on the WHO Global Priority Pathogens (GPP) List
reported in animals, products, and by-products in Colombia Authors: Laura K Cardozo-Herrera; Laura Vásquez-Jaramillo, Nathalia M Correa-Valencia Abstract: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) published in 2017 a global priority pathogens (GPP) list for research and development of effective antibiotics. It is a catalog of bacteria that should be prioritized in the fight against antibiotic resistance. Objective: To collect and assess the scientific evidence on bacteria listed as GPP in animal food products and by-products in Colombia, identifying knowledge gaps and providing evidence-based recommendations. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Results: Twenty-one articles published between 2001 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria. The geographical areas of study were in the provinces of Antioquia, Cundinamarca (including Bogotá district), Santander, and Tolima. The main bacteria reported from the WHO´s list were fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella, methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate and resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and carbapenem-resistant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The sources were feces, facilities, equipment, feed, animal drinking water, bedding material, animal tissues, and carcasses from broiler, laying hen, cattle, and pig production systems. Conclusion: Our findings enhance the understanding of the current dynamics of bacterial resistance in Colombia. Nevertheless, several aspects need to be further researched, such as defining standardized methods for microbiological identification in veterinary medicine, as well as evaluating antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria in accordance to what is done in humans, among other aspects. PubDate: Tue, 06 Feb 2024 00:00:00 -050
- Morphology and reproduction of the common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)
dwelling in urban vs rural environments in Antioquia, Colombia Authors: Claudia P Ceballos; Viviana Hernández-Montoya, Juliana Caicedo, Viviana E Castillo-Vanegas Abstract: Background: Although urban wildlife has increased during the last years, the effects of urbanization on wildlife are poorly understood. Common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) is a frequent dweller of the Metropolitan Area of Valle del Aburrá (AMVA) in the Antioquia province (Colombia) where opossum-human conflicts result in large numbers of injured or dead opossums. Objective: To evaluate the effects of urban and rural habitats on the morphometry and reproductive output (litter size in marsupium) of opossums. Methods: A total of 131 opossums were captured: 94 in the AMVA, and 37 in rural areas of Antioquia. Opossums were weighed, measured, sexed, clinically inspected, and photographed. Results: Urban opossums were heavier and larger than rural individuals, regardless of sex, and no differences were observed in terms of reproductive output between both habitats. Additionally, urban opossums were more abundant than rural opossums, possibly explained by the fact that cities favor survival -through higher food availability- but not reproduction. Alternatively, bigger animals could also be explained by inadequate diets rich in carbohydrates which may also have deleterious health effects. We observed sexual size dimorphism in head and tail length but not in body length of opossums. Conclusion: We confirm that urban environments have a significant effect on body mass and size of opossums; however, it is unknown whether this is beneficial or detrimental for these animals. Finally, we report the lowest litter size for the species, with no difference between rural and urban habitats. PubDate: Tue, 06 Feb 2024 00:00:00 -050
- Diversity and population structure of Criollo Lechero Tropical and
Romosinuano cattle breeds in Mexico Authors: Ricardo E Martínez-Rocha; Gaspar Manuel Parra-Bracamonte, Rodolfo Ramírez-Valverde, Rafael Núñez-Domínguez, José G García-Muñiz Abstract: Background: The assessment of genetic diversity, population structure, as well as within and across breed relationships using DNA markers is essential to develop conservation and genetic improvement programs. Objective: To assess the genetic diversity and population structure of Criollo Lechero Tropical (CLT) and Romosinuano (ROMO) cattle breeds in Mexico and compare them with other Criollo and Spanish breeds. Methods: The study included CLT and ROMO genotypes from the 65k Axiom©BovMDv3 array. Genomic data of Criollo and Spanish breeds were retrieved from a repository. Genetic diversity across breeds was evaluated by pairwise Wright's FST, principal components, and structure analysis. Results: Observed and expected heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, and effective population size (Ne) were 0.31, 0.30, -0.018 and 56 in CLT, and 0.32, 0.31, -0.023 and 99 in ROMO, respectively. Wright's FST indicated that both breeds are related to American Criollo and some Spanish cattle. ROMO cattle showed more significant Spanish ancestry than CLT. Conclusions: This study presents novel evidence indicating that, although the Ne of these breeds is small, they are still diverse and can be used as genetic reservoirs in conservation programs. PubDate: Fri, 01 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -050
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